F10ca004-Gb 0597
F10ca004-Gb 0597
F10ca004-Gb 0597
F1 0 CA 0 0 4 GB
Another advantage of this system is that the lithium-bromide concentration of the high concentration solution can be higher resulting in less heat input.
Vacuum pump
Purge system with vacuum pump and internal purge chamber ensures an efficient removal of n o n - c o n d e n s a b l e s . T h e p u r g e s y stem is ready for operation under all conditions even during unit shutdown. Purging on a regular basis protects internal parts of the machine againts corrosion even if the unit is running or not.
2
American Standard Inc. 1997
The unique Trane features, such as fixed and floating concentrator tube suppor ts, individually replaceable tubes and cupro-nickel absorber tubes, substantially increase the life and reliability of the Trane Absorption liquid chiller.
Cupro-nickel tubes
In order to meet Trane life goals, cupro-nickel tubes are used in t h e e v a p o r a t o r , i n t h e c o n c e ntrator and in the absorber, part of the machine where other manufacturers use copper tubes. Copper is an unsuitable material for the absorber. Should a small amount of air leak into a absorption machine, the oxygen will react very quickly with the internal surfaces. Since the absorber is the lowest pressure part of the machine, the oxygen migrates to it. Oxygen reacts with copper to form cuprous oxide, which is soluble with lithium bromide. This results in pitting and corrosion of the absorber copper tubes. Cupro-nickel tubing resists this chemical oxidation a n d e n s u r e s t r o u b l e - f r e e o p e r ation and long life.
t u b e e x p a n s i o n i n t h e c o n c e nt r a t o r h a v e p r o v e n t o b e s u ccessfull in reducing major tube m a i n t e n a n c e . W h e n t h e c o n c e ntrator is heated, tubes can increase in length as much as 5 to 10 mm. With the exclusive T r a n e a r r a n g e m e n t , t u b e e x p a nsion is controlled, allowing free movement within limits, but p r e v e n t i n g r u b b i n g a n d p r e m ature failure.
Easy to maintain
Trane Absorption machines operate automatically, without day-
z y
x y z {
- Absorber - Evaporator - Condenser - Concentrator
System water Cooling wa Concentrated solutio Dilute solutio Intermediat solutio Refrigera
Heat exchanger
In the Concentrator section, heat energy from steam or hot water is used to boil a dilute solution of lithium bromide and water. This boiling results in a release of water vapor, and in concentration of the remaining lithium bromide solution. The water vapor, or refrigerant, released in the concentrator is drawn into the Condenser section. The concentrator and the condenser are the high pressure side of the machine (0,1 bar absolute). Cooling tower water flowing through the condenser tubes cools and condenses the refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant flows through an orifice into the Evaporator s e ction. The refrigerant is sprayed over a tube bundle containing building system water. The system water gives up heat to the refrigerant, causing it to vaporize. The evaporator and absorber are the low pressure side of the machine (0,01 bar absolute). The pressure in the evaporator corresponds to a refrigerant saturation temperature of approximately 4,5 C. It is important to realize that the low pressure in the evaporator section is the result of absorption of refrigerant vapor in the absorber section.
The refrigerant vapor is drawn to t h e Absorber section by the low pressure resulting from absorption of the refrigerant into the absorbent. In order to expose a large amount of lithium bromide solution surface to the water vapor the solution is sprayed over the absorber tube bundle. Cooling tower water is used in this tube bundle to remove the heat of absorption that is released when the refrigerant vapor returns to the liquid state. The degree of affinity of the absorbent for refrigerant vapor is a function of the absorbent solution concentration and of temperature. The more concentrated, and the cooler the solution, the greater the affinity for refrigerant vapor. Consequently the pressure, and thereby the saturation temperature in the evaporator is controlled by the concentration of the lithium bromide solution in the absorber. The concentration of this solution is determined by the amount of heat applied to the concentrator section of the machine. In the Trane design, the concentrated solution coming from the
concentrator is mixed with dilute solution from the absorber, in order to increase the amount of flow through the absorber spray nozzles. As the absorbent absorbs refrigerant vapor, the solution becomes increasingly dilute. It is necessary to continuously circulate this dilute solution back to the concentrator in order to keep the cycle continuous. The Heat exchanger e x c h a n g e s h e a t between the relatively cool, dilute solution being transferred from the absorber to the concentrator section with the hot concentrated solution being returned from the concentrator to the absorber. Transferring heat from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution reduces the amount of heat that must be added to bring the dilute solution to boil. Simultaneously, reducing the temperature of the concentrated solution reduces the amount of heat that must be removed from the absorber section in order to obtain desired absorber efficiency. Efficient operation of the heat exchanger is extremely important to the economical operation of the lithium bromide-water cycle.
Pump
Without econom
With econom
% of load
With less solution to heat, less steam or hot water is required. Combined with the improved allowed by floating condenser water temperature, energy consumption savings can be up to 20 %. The energy saving in line economizer valve is standard on Trane Absorption chillers from 390 to4000 kW cooling. For larger sizes, a bypass economizer valve is installed. by sensing the flow of solution through the heat exchanger. As soon as it detects a restriction which indicates impending crystallization the PCL dilutes the machine and shuts it down, regardless of the cause, even power failure. Thus crystallization is prevented and nuisance downtime is essentially eliminated. maximum demand is limited to 120 % of full load energy requirement. The Trane demand control reduces total cost of building heating and cooling systems by minimizing required boiler capacity in applications where the boiler is sized based on cooling load.
Energy consomption
1 2
150
Without demand
Energy consomption
120% demand l
50
10
Time (m
Unless start-up demand is limited, an Absorption chiller may draw more than 150 % of design energy input. The start-up demand limit is preset to require approximately four minutes to completely open the energy valve. In this way the
UCP2 allowing the chiller to communicate with most of the Building Management systems available on the market.
ABSC
Nominal capacity (kW) 394 453 520 612 703 801 900 1033 1245 1354 1477
Max. cap. allowable (kW) 443 506 580 682 784 896 1002 1150 1390 1505 1642
ABSC
Nominal capacity (kW) 1635 1828 2075 2338 2637 2995 3358 3955 4395 5151 5836
Max. cap. allowable (kW) 1818 2032 2306 2598 2936 3330 3745 4412 4888 5731 6505
112 129 148 174 200 228 256 294 354 385 420
465 520 590 665 750 852 955 1125 1250 1465 1660
25
27
85 80
Leaving concentrator temperature (C)
90
50 kPa
30
85 70 kPa 90
90 kPa
95
110 kPa
32
100 130 kPa
105
150 kPa
110
170 kPa
35
115 190 kPa
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 50 70 90 110 120 150 170 190
0.410 0.563 0.691 0.801 0.894 0.984 1.066 1.146 0.380 0.519 0.633 0.734 0.811 0.899 0.981 1.061 0.326 0.436 0.521 0.608 0.682 0.774 0.856 0.936 0.287 0.359 0.435 0.511 0.581 0.673 0.755 0.835 0.225 0.251 0.328 0.386 0.425 0.512 0.594 0.674
0.430 0.590 0.729 0.843 0.937 1.022 1.108 1.190 0.398 0.543 0.668 0.773 0.852 0.939 1.026 1.113 0.343 0.461 0.555 0.648 0.726 0.814 0.902 0.990 0.301 0.383 0.473 0.554 0.623 0.713 0.804 0.896 0.233 0.274 0.358 0.425 0.465 0.552 0.639 0.726
0.453 0.623 0.769 0.887 0.981 1.066 1.151 0.421 0.574 0.705 0.815 0.897 0.984 1.071 1.158 0.361 0.485 0.592 0.687 0.770 0.859 0.948 1.036 0.319 0.412 0.510 0.595 0.662 0.759 0.854 0.949 0.245 0.302 0.390 0.463 0.507 0.597 0.687 0.778
0.495 0.666 0.810 0.931 1.026 1.111 1.199 0.455 0.610 0.744 0.858 0.942 1.029 1.116 0.380 0.515 0.630 0.731 0.813 0.906 0.991 1.072 0.334 0.440 0.549 0.635 0.707 0.808 0.897 0.979 0.260 0.330 0.423 0.503 0.546 0.642 0.737 0.835
0.535 0.713 0.848 0.973 1.071 1.158 0.490 0.653 0.779 0.896 0.985 1.074 1.158 0.403 0.550 0.666 0.772 0.853 0.954 1.027 1.087 0.345 0.471 0.585 0.676 0.752 0.854 0.934 1.005 0.269 0.355 0.448 0.540 0.590 0.687 0.773 0.858
0.577 0.756 0.884 1.016 1.108 1.201 0.524 0.694 0.810 0.937 1.023 1.119 1.186 0.428 0.586 0.702 0.808 0.898 1.000 1.065 1.115 0.363 0.507 0.621 0.712 0.797 0.902 0.979 1.050 0.277 0.382 0.478 0.582 0.626 0.732 0.809 0.881
0.613 0.804 0.920 1.052 1.147 1.241 0.560 0.736 0.845 0.973 1.067 1.160 0.460 0.613 0.732 0.849 0.934 1.040 1.101 1.148 0.383 0.534 0.651 0.754 0.833 0.943 1.015 1.075 0.286 0.409 0.508 0.618 0.671 0.772 0.854 0.939
0.646 0.840 0.950 1.088 1.184 1.280 0.588 0.771 0.876 1.009 1.105 1.196 0.486 0.645 0.761 0.884 0.976 1.078 1.145 0.401 0.562 0.685 0.790 0.870 0.984 1.059 1.117 0.286 0.428 0.533 0.654 0.709 0.816 0.891 0.966
Note : Steam pressure (kPa) = absolute p pressure > 1 atm. abs pressure (kPa) = relative pressur pressure < 1 atm. abs pressure (kPa) = 101,3 (vaccum
ABSC Operating Weight (kg) Shipping Weight (kg) Length A (mm) Width B (mm) Height C (mm)
112 5100
129 5600
200 7400
228 8200
256 294
520
590
665
750
852
8700 10400 11200 12600 13700 14600 16000 18300 20100 22400 26000 27600 32100 38800 43500 48800
7700 8900 10000 10200 10900 12600 14000 15000 18100 19700 22000 26800 29400 33300 5850 5050 5950 5950 1750 1960 1960 1960 2500 2700 2700 6620 1960 5850 2160 3050 6520 2160 3050 7300 2160 3050 6670 2500 3320 7420 8600 7420 8600 2500 2500 2920 2920 3320 3320 3660 3660 36 9950 2920
2700 2700
112 129 148 174 200 228 256 294 354 385 420 465 520 590 665 750 852 955 1125 1250 1465 1 6 6 0 Absorber
3.8 4.2 4.2 5.1 5.4 5.8 7.0 7.2 7.5 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.8 9.0 10.3 10.4 11.0 13.9 15.1 17.0 17.0 11.0
Concentrator 9 . 0 Evaporator 5 . 3
9.3 9.3 9.3 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 40.0 40.0 20.0 17.5 12.5
10.5 10.5 10.5 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 37.0 37.0 19.0 16.5 11.5
Mechanical specifications
Construction
Each Trane Absorption machine is a single shell hermetic desig n , a n d i s c o m p l e t e l y a s s e mbled, leak tested and evacuated in the factory prior to shipment. A b s o r b e r , c o n c e n t r a t o r a n d e v aporator tubes are cupro-nickel. Condenser tubes are copper. All tubes are individually replaceable from either end of the machine and have the tube e n d s r o l l e d i n t o a n n u l a r g r o oves in the tube sheets. Headers are removable to allow access to any tube bundle. Absorber, c o n d e n s e r a n d e v a p o r a t o r h e aders are designed for a working pressure of 10.5 bar. Optional c o n s t r u c t i o n h e a d e r s a r e a v a i l able for working pressures of 21 bar. Concentrator headers are designed for a working pressure of 3.6 bar on stream operated machines and 28 bar on hot water operating machines. All headers are tested at 150 percent of their design pressure. Removable absorber spray trees allowing the spray nozzles to be cleaned or replaced, are standard for sizes 590 to 1660. breaking the machine vacuum or removing solution from the machine. Also, pump bearing replacement is possible without removing solution or allowing air to enter the machine. Size 1660 is equipped with three i n d i v i d u a l p u m p m o t o r s a s s e mblies.
Purge system
A purge system removes non condensible gases from the m a c h i n e i n t o a c u p r o - n i c k e l c o llection chamber located in the a b s o r b e r s e c t i o n . T h i s c o l l e ction chamber is evacuated through a electrical motor driven vacuum pump. The purge system should be operated only as needed to remove any non condensible gases thay may be present.
Pumps
Each Absorption machine is e q u i p p e d w i t h a s i n g l e , h e r m etic pump motor assembly having three pump impellers on a common shaft. The pump b e a r i n g s a n d t h e m o t o r a r e c o oled using distilled refrigerant water from the evaporator sump. There is a mechanicalmagnetic strainer assembly in the pump motor cooling circuit. The pump motor is factory mounted and wired. The pump motor is removable without
Capacity control
Trane Absorption chillers are provided with a microprocessor controller which automatically controls the leaving chilled water temperature. Control is accomplished by modulating t h e e n e r g y i n p u t , t o t h e m a c h in e t h r o u g h t h e u s e o f a n a u t omatic electric control valve, supplied by Trane. A standard demand limiter is used to limit energy input on start-up to 120 percent of full load energy consumption.
Socit Trane - Socit Anonyme au capital de 41 500 000 F - Sige Social : 1, rue des Amriques - 88190 Golbey - France Siret 306 050 188-00011 - RCS Epinal B 306 050 188 An American Standard Company
Printed in France
Imprimeur