MEC 2700: AEROSPACE ENGINEERING LAB 1 EXPERIMENT NO: 2 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT: HEAT PUMP

Date/ Day of Experiment: 11st April 2014

Due Date: 18th April 2014

Authors Name: Nur Adlina Binti Mat Nizam 1224256

Group Members: Nur Aini Binti Zulkipli Madihah Binti Mazlizam NurAin Binti Sapie 1229182 1220020 1229102

Name of Lecturer: Dr Mirghani

OBJECTIVE Water heat pump: To measure pressure and temperature in the circuit and in the water reservoirs on the condenser side and the vaporizer side alternately. To calculate energy taken up and released, also the volume concentration in the circuit and the volumetric efficiency of the compressor. Air-water heat pump: To measure vaporizer temperature and water bath temperature on the condenser side under different operating conditions on the vaporizer side, ie. natural air, cold blower and hot blower. To determine the electric power consumed by the compressor and calculate the coefficient of performance.

INTRODUCTION There is no difference in principle between a heat pump (Figure 1) and a refrigeration system (Figure 2). In a heat pump the heat which is rejected by the condenser or heat exchanger is used for heating purposes. The condenser is therefore located within the space to be heated, such as a room within a building. On the other hand, the evaporator is located externally and draws its supply of heat from a source at a lower temperature than that in the condenser. In practical, the heat source of heat pump is often the atmosphere, but sometimes a river or soil is used instead. The only difference with air conditioning/refrigeration system is that the heat pump system intended to cool a separate source of heat and disposes the heat into the occupied area. Rating of heat pump is done by the ratio of heat output to electrical input, which is called the Coefficient of Performance (COP). Both of those systems can be summarized in figures below.

Figure 1- Heat Pump System

Figure 2 - Air Conditioning/Refrigeration System

CALCULATIONS PART A: Water-water Heat Pump 1) Mass of water: a) Condenser = 4.5L x 0.001m3 x 1000kg/m3 = 4.5kg b) Vaporizer = 4.5L x 0.001m3 x 1000kg/m3 = 4.5kg

2) Graph of temperature vs time for all inlet and outlet.

Condenser

Temperature vs Time (Condenser)

Vaporizer

Temperature vs Time (Vaporiser)

3) Calculations at t= 10mins

a) Vaporizer heat flow

b) Condenser heat flow ( (

c) Average compressor power, Pavg

d) Performance at the condenser side

e) Volume flow at the vaporizer side

specific volume of the water at vaporizer

f)

Geometrical volume flow Given Vg = 5.08 cm3 f = 1450 min-1

g) Volumetric efficiency of the compressor

PART B: Air-water Heat Pump 1. Graph of temperature versus time for all the results.

Temperature vs Time
60 50 Temperature (o C) 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (min) natural air 1 hot blower 1 cold blower 1

2. The average vaporizer temperature:

Natural air

Hot blower

Cold blower

3. Condenser heat flow:

Natural Air

( (

Hot blower

( (

Cold blower

( (

4. The performance:

Natural Air

Hot blower

Cold blower

DISCUSSION

Heat pump cycle is based on thermodynamic theory, which states that heat moves from low pressure cold air to high pressure hot air. The benefit of using heat pump is its effectiveness in heating cold air in short interval of time. The effectiveness in heating depends on how well the heat pump transfer the hot air to cold air and the power required to do so. The refrigeration cycle uses a fluid known as refrigerant. The purpose of using this fluid is to transfer heat from one place to another. The refrigerant boils at much lower temperature than water at the same pressure. The heat pump and refrigerant cycles are through compression, condensation, evaporation and expansion. Both system can run effectively if the temperature difference is higher and the heat lost to surrounding considerably low.

Based on the experiment we were conducted, this experiment is divided into two parts, part A for water-water heat pump and part B for air-water heat pump.

In part A, we used two water reservoirs, one at the condenser side while the other one at the vaporizer side. Then, we have to record the power reading, pressure and temperature for both sides. Based on the plotted graph, for condenser side, it shows increasing trend as time increases while decreasing trend as time increases for vaporizer side. Next, we calculated the vaporizer heat flow from equation
from equation and condenser heat flow

. Then, the average compressor power (1), performance at the

condenser side (2), volume flow at the vaporizer side (3), geometrical volume flow (4) and volumetric efficiency of the compressor (5) from these equations:

---- (1)

----(2)

-----(3)

----(4)

----(5)

In part B, we only used one water reservoir but in three conditions, by natural air, hot blower and cold blower. From this experiment, we obtained power reading and temperature at the vaporizer outlet and the condenser water temperature. Then, from the plotted graph, we can conclude that the temperature is directly proportional to time for all

conditions. As time increase, the temperature also increase. Next, we calculate the average vaporizer temperature by using this equation
heat flow is then calculated using the equation

for all conditions. The condenser and

is used to find the

performance. From the calculation, hot blower shows the highest temperature at vaporizer

outlet, condenser and performance compares to the two, which are natural air and cold blower. This shows that when air is blown, the effect on heat pump process is less compared to static air regardless of their hotness and coolness.

There are some errors encountered during the experiment, the first one is parallax error during the recording of temperature from thermometer since the eyes are not in line with the thermometer. Next, the power reader machine produce unconstant result, the value keep on changing.

CONCLUSION

As the conclusion, the objectives of this experiment are achieved. We are able to measure pressure and temperature in the circuit and in the water reservoirs on the condenser side and the vaporizer side alternately and energy taken up and released, also the volume concentration in the circuit and the volumetric efficiency of the compressor. Next, we are also able to measure vaporizer temperature and water bath temperature on the condenser side under different operating conditions on the vaporizer side ( natural air, cold blower and hot blower). And lastly, the electric power consumed by the compressor and calculate the coefficient of performance are determined from this experiment.