2x16 LCD And 4x4 Keypad Interfacing

With 8051 in Assembly Language

Microcontrollers are just silicon wafers until we tell them what to do, program them
according to our requirement. Similarly any user interface is incomplete without an Input.
One, two pushbuttons can be easily interfaced however if more user inputs are required it
can take up a lot of I/O lines. So here is a small tutorial to interface a 4x4 Matrix Keypad
and displaying the key pressed on a LCD. The microcontroller used is AT89C51 and the
coding has been done in assembly language.
The 4x4 Keypad has 16 keys and requires a single PORT or 8 I/O lines. Port 3 has been
designed to handle keypad, LCD Data Bus D7-D0 is connected to PORT 1, while
(Enable) EN is connected to P2.0
(Register Select Command or Data Register) RS is connected to P2.1
(Read/Write) RW is connected to P2.2
The LCD is based on Hitachi HD44780 Controller and datasheet is present online.

Working:
To check for the keystroke, a polling method has been used.

PORT 3.0

Key 1

Key 2

Key 3

Key 4

PORT3.1

Key 5

Key 6

Key 7

Key 8

PORT3.2

Key 9

Key 10

Key 11

Key 12

PORT3.3

Key 13

Key 14

Key 15

Key 16



PORT3.4

PORT3.5

PORT3.6

PORT3.7

The connections are similar as shown over here. Now consider this, if I select the first
column only, it has 4 keys, 1, 5,9,13. If a change of value (i.e. Binary 1 or 0) is made any
one of these keys, it can be decoded and suitable message is displayed on the LCD. This is
exactly what happens. Initially all the I/O lines are pulled high, then during Key Scan,
every column linked is held low for a little time. If during that time a Key is pressed in that
column a row I/O lines is also held low, thus the keystroke can be captured.
The obvious question would be what if we press the key on a particular column and at that
particular moment that column has not been pulled low, thus making no signal changes?
The answer is simple, the microcontroller runs quite fast, even a convention 89c51 in which
the internal frequency= external frequency clock/12 can achieve 2 MIPS at 24MHz. That is
2 Million instructions Per Second. This method is not foolproof, it has a drawback, while
the Key Scan, It cannot perform other cumbersome operations which may take time and a
Key Stroke could be missed. The program will work very well for small operations like
activating a small relay or LED when a Key is pressed, but for people who want their
systems to be near to perfect they may utilize other method.

Circuit Diagram



Each I/O line on PORT 1 should be pulled high with 4.7K Resistors

Program:
EN equ P2.0
RS equ P2.1
RW equ P2.2
mov A,#38H ; Setting Up the LCD
lcall command
mov A,#0EH ; Display On
lcall command
mov A,#06H ; Entry Mode
lcall command
mov a,#82H
lcall command
lcall disp ; Function Disp Called
mov a,#02H ; Setting DDRAM Address to Home position
lcall command
lcall delay1

; Displays BOTSKOOL SHOBHIT ON FIRST LINE OF LCD
mov a,#'B'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'0'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'T'
lcall datw
mov a,#'S'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'K'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'0'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'0'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'L'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#' '
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'S'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'H'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'O'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'B'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'H'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'I'
lcall datw
NOP
mov a,#'T'
lcall datw
MOV A,#255 ; Moving Value 255 to PORT 3
MOV P3,A
; Keypad Scan Begins
sd:
lcall delay1
lcall key1
lcall delay
lcall key2
lcall delay
lcall key3
lcall delay
lcall key4
lcall delay
lcall sd




; Function to Send Commands to LCD
command:
clr RW
clr RS
setB EN
MOV P1,A
lcall delay
clr EN
RET

; Function to Clear the DDRAM Content
clear:
mov A,#01H
lcall command
lcall delay
mov A,#02H ; Set The DDRAM Address to Home Position
lcall command
lcall delay
RET
; Function to Display Data on LCD Screen
datw:
SETB RS
clr RW
SETB EN
MOV P1,A
lcall delay
clr EN
RET

;Function to Display The Key Pressed
datw1:
lcall delay1
lcall disp
lcall delay1
MOV A,R7
lcall datw
RET

; Generating Small Delay
delay:
mov r0,#255
loop: DJNZ r0,loop;
RET

; Generating a Bigger Delay
delay1:
mov r1,#255
loop1: mov r3,#120
loop2: djnz r3,loop2
djnz r1,loop1
RET

; Checking for Key Press on The First Column of 4x4 Matrix

KEY1:
MOV A,r5
MOV r6,A
clr p3.4

MOV A,p3
ANL A,#0FH
MOV r2,A
cjne r2,#14,n1
MOV r7,#'1'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1

n1: cjne r2,#13,n2
mov r7,#'5'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
n2: cjne r2,#11,n3
mov r7,#'9'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
n3: cjne r2,#7,n4
mov r7,#'D'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
n4: lcall delay1
SETB P3.4
RET

; Checking for Key Press on the Second Column of 4x4 Matrix
KEY2:
clr p3.5
MOV A,p3
ANL A,#0FH
MOV r2,A

cjne r2,#14,q1
mov r7,#'2'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
q1: cjne r2,#13,q2
mov r7,#'6'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
q2: cjne r2,#11,q3
mov r7,#65; A=65
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
q3: cjne r2,#7,q4
mov r7,#'E'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
q4: lcall delay
SETB p3.5
RET

; Checking for Key Press On The Third Column of 4x4 Matrix

KEY3:
clr p3.6
MOV A,p3
ANL A,#0FH
MOV r2,A

cjne r2,#14,w1
mov r7,#'3'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
w1: cjne r2,#13,w2
mov r7,#'7'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
w2: cjne r2,#11,w3
mov r7,#'B'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
w3: cjne r2,#7,w4
mov r7,#'F'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
w4: lcall delay1
SETB p3.6
RET

; Checking for Key Press on the Fourth Column of 4x4 Matrix
KEY4:
clr p3.7
MOV A,p3
ANL A,#0FH
MOV r2,A
cjne r2,#14,e1
mov r7,#'4'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
e1: cjne r2,#13,e2
mov r7,#'8'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
e2: cjne r2,#11,e3
mov r7,#'C'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
e3: cjne r2,#7,e4
mov r7,#'G'
lcall datw1
lcall delay1
e4: lcall delay1
SETB p3.7
RET

disp:
mov a,#0c0H ; Setting DDRAM Address on Second Line
lcall command

; Clearing the Previous Key Pressed Information from Screen
mov a,#' '
lcall datw
mov a,#' '
lcall datw
mov a,#' '
lcall datw
mov a,#' '
lcall datw
mov a,#' '
lcall datw
mov a,#' '
lcall datw

mov a,#0c0H ; Setting DDRAM Address on Second Line To Display Key Pressed
lcall command

; Display "KEY" and Pressed Information
mov a,#' '
lcall datw
mov a,#'K'
lcall datw
mov a,#'E'
lcall datw
mov a,#'Y'
lcall datw
mov a,#' '
lcall datw
RET
END

The code was written when I was learning assembly language myself and therefore the
code is not optimized, but it is easy to understand if someone is willing to check the
instruction set.
People who want to optimize the code may wish to look into the DPTR Register and
Addressing Modes Theory.

A View of the Simulation



The 7-12V DC Input had to be removed in this diagram, because that cannot be accepted as
the Power Source in the Simulation, so do not get confused.

Comments & Suggestions are Welcome
Thank You



Comments
Submitted by vinay.hr on Tue, 2011-03-01 10:20.
#1
Member since:
1 March 2011
Last activity:
1 year 2 days
i am not able to watch the ciruitry clearly, because there
is no options to magnify the image , please help me
in getting the full magnified image
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Submitted by navam on Wed, 2011-02-23 02:00.
#2
Member since:
23 February 2011
Last activity:
1 year 1 week
Hii
I faced the problem that if i didn't press any key, then the program works just fine for about
20 seconds and then the the text on lcd vanishes and the keypad scan stops to work and
everything halts.
Is it a software problem and will it occur in the hardware as well or is there some error in
the code?
Did u face this error during the simulation?
A quick response will be appreciated.
Navam


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Submitted by hz2829 on Mon, 2010-06-07 09:15.
#3
Member since:
7 June 2010
Last activity:
1 year 38 weeks
can u send the proteus file's need to simulate this program please

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Submitted by eng_jimy on Fri, 2009-12-18 19:16.
#4
Member since:
18 December 2009
Last activity:
2 years 7 weeks
I can't see the component magnitudes ... please help
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Submitted by shobhitkukreti on Mon, 2009-08-03 13:24.
#5
Member since:
28 April 2009
Last activity:
1 year 47 weeks
Sorry guys. Another tutorial is not possible right now. I had few tutorials lined up, but
they require some editing and i can't devote time for them. I hope others will help you out
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Submitted by nataraja on Fri, 2009-06-12 10:53.
#6
Member since:
11 June 2009
Last activity:
1 year 40 weeks
and a RTOS tutorial would be nice
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Submitted by nataraja on Fri, 2009-06-12 10:51.
#7
Member since:
11 June 2009
Last activity:
1 year 40 weeks
can u send the proteus file's need to simulate this program.........