DEPARTMENT

OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

MICRO CONTROLLER
LAB MANUAL

FOR
BE YEAR 2ND SEMESTER

BE (ECE) 2nd Semester

MICRO CONTROLLER LAB
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Exp No. 1- Familiarity and use of 8051 Micro controller Trainer.

Exp No. 2- Instruction set for simple programs for data transfer,
& 3 manipulation, arithmetic operations, branching operations,
logical operations and testing condition of bit in a byte.
Exp No. 4- Code conversion programs.
Exp No. 5- Timer and counter programming using 8051
Exp No. 6- Serial mode operation of 8051
Exp No. 7- Interfacing DAC module using 8051
Exp No. 8- Interfacing Traffic signal control using 8051
Exp No. 9- Interfacing 7-segment display using 8051
Exp No.10-Interfacing Stepper motor control using 8051
Exp No.11-Familiarity with MCBX51 board and writing programs for
MCBX51. Program for Blinking of LEDs.
Exp No.12-Real time clock using 8051.

BE (ECE) 2ND SEMESTER

MICRO CONTROLLER LAB
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Experiment No.1:
Familiarity and use of 8051 (ESA-31) Micro controller kit trainer.
Experiment No.2:
Simple programs in 8051 Assembly code and their execution.
Program 1: Addition of two 16 bit numbers using registers.
Program 2: Copying of byte data in RAM memory locations using
a) Direct addressing
b) Register indirect addressing
c) Using loop structure.
Program 3: Sum of a series of byte elements
Program 4: Copying a data block from source to destination.
Program 5: Count number of 1s in a byte.
Program 6: Multiplication of two unsigned 8-bit binary numbers.
Program 7: Division of two unsigned 8-bit binary numbers.
Program 8: Searching of a byte element in a data block.
Experiment No.3:
Arithmetic, Logical & Branching operations.
Program 9: Multi byte binary addition
Program 10: Multi byte BCD addition
3

Program 11: Multi byte binary subtraction

Program 12: Testing condition of a bit in a byte of data.
Program 13: Finding largest element in a block of data array.
Program 14: Checking a character string for a palindrome.
Experiment No. 4:
Code conversion Programs.
Program 15: ASCII to Packed BCD conversion.
Program 16: Packed BCD to ASCII conversion.
Program 17: BCD to Binary conversion.
Experiment No. 5:
Timer Programming using 8051
Experiment No. 6:
Communication with host computer system.
Experiment No. 7:
Interfacing of DAC using 8051 and its programming.
Experiment No. 8:
Interfacing of traffic signal control using 8051 and its programming.
Experiment No. 9:
Interfacing of 7-segment display using 8051 and its programming.

Experiment No. 10:

Program to control Stepper motor using 8051 .
Experiment No. 11:
Introduction to KEIL Software and MCBX51 kit.
Experiment No. 12:
Blinky : LED flasher program.
Experiment No. 13:
Interfacing elevator simulator control using 8051.

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
Familiarity with ESA 31 micro controller kit:
Main features of ESA 31 (8031 based):
ESA 31 can be operated either from on board keyboard or from a CRT
terminal through its RS 232-C interface.
Keyboard and serial monitor programs support the entry of users program,
editing, debug facilities like breakpoints & single stepping, & full execution
of user programs.
1-pass Assembler can assemble any memory resident assembly language
program.
1-pass Dis assembler dis assembles the object code into standard INTEL
mnemonics.
Total of 120KB memory is provided of which 64KB of memory is program
memory and 56KB of memory is data memory.
The monitor of the trainer occupies 32KB out of 64KB of program memory.
Standard bus compatible signals available on the bus connector for easy
expansion.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Microcontroller: 8031/8051 operated at 11.0592 MHz
Memory
follows.

: Four 28-pin JEDEC sockets offer 120KB of memory as

32KB of firmware in one 27256 (Program memory)

32KB of SRAM using one 62256 (User program memory)
56KB of SRAM as data memory using two 62256s.
6

The memory map is as follows:

DEVICE

ADDRESS RANGE

TYPE OF MEMORY

27256

0000-7FFF

Program memory

62256

8000-FFFF

User program memory

62256

0000-7FFF

User data memory

62256

8000-DFFF

User data memory.

The dip switch settings for either mode of operation are as follows:
For Hexadecimal keypad mode: All switches in OFF position.
For Serial mode

: Switches 1 and 4 in ON position.

KEYBOARD MONITOR
In the keyboard mode, the user enters the commands and data by pressing
the appropriate keys on the keypad. Responses are displayed by the system
on the seven-digit 7-segment LED display.
The RESET key causes a hardware reset and restarts the monitor. The
monitor displays the sign-on message ESA 51 across the address & data
fields of the display.
KEYBOARD & DISPLAY
The display consists of 7 seven segment LED displays, separated into three
fields. The leftmost single digit forms the special field. Next four digits
form the address field.
Note: address can be 64KB or 256B max.
Last two digits form the data field.

The 36 key keypad consists of the following group of keys.

A). Hex pad 16 keys representing hex digits 0 through F.
B). Command Group 13 command keys.
C). Memory Group 4 keys (PRGMEM, EXTDATA, BITMEM,
INTDATA) to select the type of memory.
D). System Operation keys RESET, BREAK, and EXEC keys
BREAK can be used to stop the execution without affecting the register
contents.
MONITOR COMMANDS
The keyboard monitor is capable of executing fifteen individual commands.
EXAMINE/MODIFY MEMORY

Displays/modifies the contents of a memory location.

Syntax Format:
EXAM MEM {PRG MEM/EXT DATA/BIT MEM/INT DATA}
Addr1 NEXT [[[data] NEXT/PREV].] EXEC
After pressing EXAM MEM key, enter the type of memory by pressing
PRGMEM, EXTDATA, BITMEM, or INTDATA key.
A dot appears at the last digit of the address field indicating that an address
entry is required.
Enter the memory address of the byte to be examined. (Memory address are
evaluated modulo 64K if it is program memory or data memory and modulo
256 if it is internal data memory or bit memory).
The value is displayed in the address field of the display.
EXAMINE/MODIFY REGISTER
8

This command is used to examine and optionally modify the contents of

some of the 8031/8051s registers.
EXAM REG [reg key] [[Data] NEXT/PREV].] EXEC.
Note: When any of the registers R0-R7 has to be examined, press
EXAMREG key and then BITMEM key. Now press keys 0-7 on the hex
keypad, which corresponds to registers R0-R7.
The displayed registers contents of R0-R7 is w.r.t the current bank selected.
GO COMMAND:
Is used to transfer control of the system from the monitor to the users
program.
GO [Starting addr] EXEC
To abort execution of user program press RESET key. By doing so all
registers information about user program is lost. In any case, contents of the
user portion of the RAM area are not altered by the monitor.
There are two ways to break the user program execution.
a) Set breakpoints at specific addresses, and enable them
b) Press BREAK key.
If BREAK key is pressed, control returns to the monitor which saves all the
registers and displays the address where the program broke and the data at
that address on the display. It displays U on the special field of 7-segment
display.

EXPERIMENT NO 2 & 3
Execution of simple programs using ESA-31 in keyboard mode.
Program Examples:
1. Write a program in 8051 to add two 16-bit numbers.
The numbers are 3CE7H and 3B8DH. Place the sum in registers
R7 and R6; R6 has the lower byte.
Address

OBJECT Code

Mnemonic

8000

C3

CLR C

8001

74 E7

MOV A, #0E7H

8003

24 8D

ADD A, #8DH

8005

FE

MOV R6, A

8006

74 3C

MOV A, #3CH

8008

34 3B

ADDC A, #3BH

800A

FF

MOV R7, A

800B

80 FE

HERE:SJMP

HERE

(Relative address = Target address PC contents )

Enter the codes using the format given below.
<EXAMMEM><PRGMEM> 8000 <NXT> DATA
<NXT>..<NXT>EXEC
Note: After executing the program using GO<8000>EXEC press BREAK
key.
Press EXAMREG key twice to check result in regs R6 and R7
respectively.
10

Format:
<EXAMREG><EXAMREG><BITMEM>6<NEXT><NEXT>

2. Write an 8051 program to copy the value 55H into RAM memory

locations 40H to 44H using

A) Direct addressing mode
B) Register addressing mode without using Loop and
C) With a Loop.
3. Six bytes of data are stored in memory locations starting at 50H.
Add all the bytes. Use reg R7 to save any carries gtenerated.
Store the sum at memory locations 60H&61H.
(50) = 10h, (51) = 25H, (52) = 2AH, (53) = 4FH, (54) = 60H, (55) = 3FH
2)
A)Using direct addressing mode
MOV A,#55h
MOV 40h,A
MOV 41h,A
MOV 42h,A
MOV 43h,A
MOV 44h,A
HERE : SJMP HERE

;copy A to RAM Location

11

2.B) Using reg-indirect addressing mode without loop

MOV A.#55h
MOV R0,#40h
MOV @R0,A
INC R0
MOV @R0,A
INC R0
MOV @R0,A
INC R0
MOV @R0,A
INC R0
MOV @R0,A
HERE :SJMP HERE
2)
C) With Loop.
MOV A,#55h
MOV R0,#40h
MOV R2,#05h ;Counter
AGAIN : MOV @R0,A
INC R0
DJNZ R2,AGAIN
HERE :SJMP HERE

12

3)
Sample data: (50) =10h, (51)=25h, (52)=2AH, (53)=4Fh, (54)=60h,
(55)=3Fh
Result = (60)=4Dh
(61)=01h (MS byte)
014Dh
Source Code
MOV R0, #50h
MOV R2, #06h
CLR A
MOV R7, A
AGAIN: ADD A, @R0
JNC NEXT
INC R7
NEXT : INC R0
DJNZ R2, AGAIN
MOV 60h, A
MOV 61h, R7
HERE : SJMP HERE

; Counter
; initial sum=0
; clear R7 to save carry
; Keep track of carries
; store LSBy of sum
; store MSBy of sum

1) Format: for entering, executing & Checking results.

Enter source code

<EXM MEM> <PRG MEM> 8000 <NXT> DATA <NXT>.
<EXEC>
Feed Sample Data
<EXM MEM> <INTDATA> 50 <NXT> DATA <NXT> DATA..
<EXEC>
<EXM MEM> <INTDATA> 60 <NXT>00XT>00<EXEC>
Run the Program
<GO><8000> <EXEC>
Reset
Check Results
<EXM MEM> <INT DATA> 60 <NXT>.

13

4. Write an 8051 program to copy a block of 10 bytes of data from

RAM locations starting at 35h to RAM locations starting at 60h.

Sample Prob
Source block
(35)=10h, (36) =20h, (37) = 30h, (38) = 40h, (39) = 50h,
(3A) = 60h, (3B) = 70h, (3C) = 80h, (3D) = 90h, (3E) =A0h
MOV R0, #35h
MOV R1, #60h
MOV R3, #0Ah
BACK: MOV A,@R0
MOV @R1, A
INC R0
INC R1
DJNZ R3, BACK
HERE: SJMP HERE.
5.

; Source pointer
; destination pointer
; counter

A byte is stored in register R0. Write a 8051 Program to find the

Number of 1s in a byte stored in RO and Store the number of
1s in register R2.
Let R0 = AAh

10101010

MOV R0, #AAh

MOV A, R0
MOV R2, #00h
MOV R1, #08h
LOOP: RLC A
JNC CONT
INC R2
CONT: DJNZ R1, LOOP
HERE: SJMP HERE

14

6. Write a 8051 program to multiply two unsigned 8-bit binary

Numbers. The numbers are stored in memory locations 8050h
and 8051h. Store the result in 8060h and 8061h.
Sample data:
(8050)= 41h
(65)10
(8051)= 08h
(8060)= 08h
(8061)= 02h
i.e. 65X8 = (520)10 = 0208h
MOV DPTR, #8051H
MOVX A,@DPTR
MOV 0F0h, A
MOV DPTR, #8050h
MOVX A,@DPTR
MUL AB
MOV DPTR, #8060h
MOVX @DPTR, A
INC DPTR
MOV A, 0F0h
MOVX @DPTR, A
HERE: SJMP HERE

; multiplier in B reg
; multiplicand in A reg

7. Division of two unsigned 8-bit binary numbers.

Divide the number in 8050h by the number in 8051h.Store the quotient
and remainder in 8060h & 8061h of data memory respectively.
Sample data: (8050) =41h dividend
(8051)=08h divisor
Result
: (8060) =08h quotient
(8061)=01h reminder
Hint: Similar to multiplication program.
Store initial divisor in B reg and dividend in A reg.
Use instruction DIV AB in place of MUL AB,
After division operation, quotient is in A reg & remainder is in B reg.

15

8. Write a 8051 program to find the number 64h from the set of five
Readings starting from address location 50H to 54h. If present
store 00h in R0,otherwise store FFh in R0.
Sample Problem (1):
i)

(50) =76h, (51) =45h, (52) =64h, (53) =25h, (54) =22h.
Result = (R0) =00h

MOV R1, #50h

MOV R2, #05h
LOOP: CJNE @R1, #64H, CONT
MOV R0, #00h
HERE1: SJMP HERE1
CONT: INC R1
DJNZ R2, LOOP
MOV R0, #FFh
HERE2: SJMP HERE2
Sample prob (2)
Replace data in (52) by 94h
Result = (R0) =FFh.

16

Program No 9: Multi byte Binary Addition.

Write a Program to add 4627342AH to 32B35642H.The two binary
strings starts (LSB first) in RAM memory 20H and 30H respectively
and save the result in RAM Memory locations starting at 30H replacing
the second binary string.
Sample Proof: - 4627342A H
+32B35642 H
78DA8A6CH
Sample data.
(20) =2AH, (21) =34H, (22) =27H, (23) =46H
(30) =42H, (31) =56H, (32) =B3H, (33) =32H
Result= (30) =6CH, (31) =8AH, (32) =DAH, (33) =78H.
Source Code Listing

MOV R0, #20H

MOV R1, #30H
MOV R3, #04H;
Count=4
CLR C
CLR A
AGAIN: MOV A,@R0
ADDC A,@R1
MOV @R1, A
INC R0
INC R1
DJNZ R3, AGAIN
HERE: SJMP HERE.

17

Program N0 10: Multi byte BCD Addition.

Write a Program to add 4 byte packed BCD 46273420H to 32105644H
and save the BCD result in RAM memory locations starting at 30H.
The two BCD Strings starts (LSB first) from RAM Locations 20H &
30H respectively.
46273420
+32105644
78379064
Source code listing
MOV R0, #20H
MOV R1, #30H
MOV R3, #04H; COUNT=4
CLR C
CLR A
AGAIN: MOV A,@R0
ADDC A,@R1
DAA
MOV @R1, A
INC R0
INC R1
DJNZ R3, AGAIN
HERE: SJMP HERE.

18

Program No 11: Multi byte Binary Subtraction

Write a Program to subtract 14DF35B8H from 2F5BA7C3H, and
save the result in RAM memory location Starting at 30H.The two
binary strings starts(LSB first)from RAM location 20H & 30H
respectively
2F5BA7C3H
- 14DF35B8H
1A7C720BH
Source code listing
MOV R0, #20H
MOV R1, #30H
MOV R3, #04H
CLR C
CLR A

; COUNT = 4

AGAIN: MOV A,@R0

SUBB A,@R1
MOV @R1, A
INC R0
INC R1
DJNZ R3, AGAIN
HERE: SJMP HERE.

19

Program No 12: Checking a character string for a Palindrome.

Write a program to check if the character string of length 7, stored in
RAM locations 50H onwards is a Palindrome. If it is, output Y to P1.
Solution:
A Palindrome is a string in which the characters are the same whether the
string is read in the forward or backward direction. Example, MADAM,
RADAR.
MOV R2, #03

; take half the string length as counter value

MOV R0, #50H

; take R0 as pointer to the forward reading

MOV R1, #56H

; take R1 as pointer for the backward reading

Of the string

Back: MOV A, @R0

; move into A the character pointed by R0

MOV B, @R1

; move into B the character pointed by R1

CJNE A, B, NEXT

;compare it with the character pointed by R1

INC R0

; increment the forward counter

DEC R1

; decrement the backward counter

DJNZ R2, BACK

; repeat until all characters are compared

MOV P1, #Y

; since the string is a Palindrome output Y

NEXT: NOP

; if not equal, do nothing since it is not a

Palindrome

END
20

EXPERIMENT -4
CODE CONVERSION
2) ASCII to Packed BCD Conversion
Write a program to convert two ASCII decimal digits available in
RAM locations 30H and 31H into packed BCD number and store the
result in RAM location 40H.
Sample data:- (30) =34H 4
(31)=37H 7
Result= (40) =47H (packed BCD)
Source code listing
MOV R0, #30H
MOV R1, #40H
MOV A,@R0
ANL A, #0FH

; mask upper nibble (A=04H)

SWAP A

: A=40H

INC R0
MOV 02H,@R0
ANL R2, #0FH; mask upper nibble (R2=07H)
ORL A, R2

; A=47H, packed BCD

MOV @ R1, A ; store packed BCD

HERE:

SJMP HERE.

21

2) Packed BCD to ASCII Conversion

PROGRAM:
Assume that register A has Packed BCD ,write a program to convert
packed BCD to two ASCII numbers and place them in RAM memory
location 40H and 41H respectively.
Source code listing
MOV A, #29H
MOV R2, A
MOV R0, #40H
ANL A, #0FH
ORL A, #30
MOV R6, A
MOV A, R2
ANL A, #0F0H
SWAP A
ORL A, #30H
MOV R7, A
MOV @R0, 06
INC R0
MOV @R0, 07
HERE: SJMP
HERE

;A=29H,packed BCD
; copy of BCD data in R2
;point to result location
;mask upper nibble
;make it an ASCII,A=39H
;save it
;get the packed BCD again
;mask lower nibble
;A=32H
;save ASCII
;store ASCII character
;in memory locations
; in memory locations

22

3) BCD to binary Conversion

PROGRAM
Sample example (40) = 6910 (packed BCD)
Result= (50) = 45H (Binary equivalent)
Steps.
1. Split the packed BCD into unpacked BCD digit BCD1 & BCD2
01101001 BCD1
00001001
BCD2
00000110
2. Multiply BCD2 by 10
3. Add BCD1 to the answer in step2
Source code listing
MOV R0, #40H
MOV R1, #50H
MOV A, @R0
MOV R2, A
ANL A, #0FH
MOV R3, A
MOV A, R2
ANL A, #0F0H
SWAP A
MOV 0F0H, #0AH
MUL AB
ADD A, R3
MOV @R1, A
HERE : SJMP HERE.

;get packed BCD in A reg

;save it in R2 reg
;mask the lower nibble
;BCD1 IN R3
;get packed BCD again
;mask the upper nibble
;BCD2 in A reg
;Reg B loaded with 10 decimal
;add to BCD1`
;store binary equivalent

EXPERIMENT NO. 5
TIMER PROGRAMMING USING 8051
Task:
Assuming XTAL = 11.0592MHz, write a program for timer 1 in mode 1 to generate
a square wave of 2KHz frequency on Pin P1.5 (Pin No. 6) GND (Pin 20)
Steps:
T = 1/f = 1/2 KHz = 500s.
Delay time = T/2 = 250s.
250s/1.085s = 230 clocks.
65536 230 = (65306)10
Initial count value = FF1A h
TL1 = 1AH
TH1 = FFH
PROGRAM:
MOV TMOD, #10H

; timer1, mode1

AGAIN: MOV TL1, #1AH

MOV TH1, #0FFH
SETB TR1
BACK: JNB TF1, BACK

; Start timer 1
; Stay until timer rolls over

CLR TR1

; Stop timer

CPL P1.5

; complement P1.5 to get HI, LO

CLR TF1

; clear timer flag

SJMP AGAIN

; reload timer

Note: SFR address of TMOD = 89H, TL1 = 8BH, TH1 = 8DH, TR1 = 8EH, TF1 = 8FH,
P1.5 = 95H.
Note: Observe the output waveform across Pin 6 & 20 on CRO; and note down time
period.

Write a program using timer 1 to generate a square wave of 2KHz frequency on Pin
P1.5 (Pin 6) in mode 2 configuration (auto reload mode) GND (Pin 20)
XTAL = 11.0592 MHz
T = 1/f = 500s.
Delay time = T/2 = 250s.
250s/1.085s = 230 clocks.
256 230 = (26)10 = 1A H
Load TH1 with initial count value of 1AH.
PROGRAM:
MOV TMOD, #20h; timer1, mode2
MOV TH1, #1Ah
SETB TR1
BACK: JNB TF1, BACK
CPL P1.5
CLR TF1
SJMP BACK; mode 2 is auto reload.
Note: Observe the output waveform across Pin 6 & 20 on CRO; and note down time
period.

Experiment No.6
Communication with a Host Computer System
ESA 31 operating in the serial mode, can be connected to either a CRT terminal or a
host computer system.
When a computer system is the controlling element, it must be executing driver software
to communicate with the ESA 31 target kit.
ESA 31 is supplied with DOS communication driver package XT51 which allow the user
to establish serial communication between the trainer and a host PC thro its
Asynchronous com ports (COMI and COM2).
INSTALLATION
a) Configure ESA 86/88E for serial mode of operation and set the serial port of
ESA 86/88E for 9600 Baud rate and No parity(keep DIP switches 1 and 4 in
ON position)
b) Connect the PC to ESA 31 trainer over COM1/COM2 serial port using the
RS232C serial interface cable connecter.

The Serial mode of operation

a) Supports for downloading user programs in to the target ESA 31 kit from a
Host computer system in INTEL HEX format.
b) Also supports for uploading user program to host PC and saving them as
HEX files o a system.

Using of X8051 Cross Assembler

A convenient way of creating a file to be downloaded in to ESA31 is to use a
cross assembler for 8051 that can generate the object code in extended HEX
format. X8051 is such a package.
It is a powerful cross assembler for 8051. It can run on any PC/XT/AT
compatible system and supports all the standard mnemonics, pseudo opcodes
(directives) and addressing modes of 8051.

Steps involved in creating a HEX file are as follows:Step1:Select the path folder directory
C:\> cd
C:\> cd51
C:\> edit filename

Step2:Create a source file using the DOS text editor and save it as filename.asm.
Example:
Write a source program for 16 bit addition using DOS text editor. The
numbers are 3CEH and 3B8DH. Place the sum in R7 and R6; R6 should have the
lower byte.

Org 8000h
CLR C
Mov a ,#0E7h
Add a,#8Dh
Mov r6,a
Mov a,#3ch
Addc a,#3bh
Mov r7,a
Here :sjmp here
Save and exit from editor,
Let the source file be saved as add 16.asm
Step3:Assemble the source file add16.asm using X8051 to create an object file
add16.obj as follows
C:\51 x8051
Listing destination <N,T,D,E,L,P<CR>=N>:d
Generate cross reference?<Y/N <CR>=N>:n
Input Filename : add16.asm
Output Filename:
8051 CROSS ASSEMBLER-VERSION 4.00f
Input Filename :
add16.asm
Output Filename :
add16.obj
Lines Assembled:________
Assembly Errors:_______
C:\51

Step4:Link the single file add16.obj

Specify code offset and options H for HEX format.
This process creates a hex file add16.hex that can download into
ESA 31 kit.
C:\51 link51
Linker copyright<c>1985-version 4.00g
Input Filename:add16.obj
Enter Offset For CODE
Input Filename:
Output Filename:

Options(D,S,A,M,X,H,E,T,1,2,3,(CR)=Default):h
Link Errors:________

Output Format:_______

C:\51
Step5:-(Optional)
Check the directory to see the files
Created for add 16
C:\51 dir
Also check the list file for add16 as
C:\51 edit add16.list
Step6:Set the system in the serial communication mode using the XT51 command

C:\86>xt51
Now the following message will appears on the Screen
__________________XT51 Version x, y_____________________
ELECTRO SYSTEM ASSOCIATES PVT LTD
BANGALORE
Press any Key to Continue
_____________________________________________________________

XT51 Checks for the presence of communication ports COM1 and COM2
If Serial communication is established successfully the command
prompt . Appears on the screen otherwise the communication parameters
are set appropriately using ALT+S command and continue.
Subsequently during the POWER ON RESET, the following sign on
message appears on the screen followed by command prompt.
ESA 31 MONITOR VERSION x.y
Step7:Download the program hex file from host PC to ESA 51 trainer using the
CTRL+D command
CTRL+D
Specify download filename
Add16.hex
Specify memory type
Specify starting address
Specify ending address

:P
: 8000
:

Downloading program
Run the program using G command as
G 8000
Press Break Key

Note:
If input data is to be entered use >md commands to enter the data.
Press ESC key to return to command Prompt. >
Use the M (Modify memory) command to examine the contents of specified
memory locations.
Further, if the locations are in RAM, their contents can be altered if desired.
Format: - M {P|D|I|B} addresses 1[address 2] <cr>
Ex 1: Examine a series of RAM locations starting at 8820H and modify the
contents of the location 8822H.
>MD88220
88220 XX<CR>
88221 XX<CR>
88222 XX 55<CR>
> 88220 XX<ESC>
EX 2:
To enter data at int RAM locations starting at 40H.
>MI 40<CR>
40 XX 21<CR>
41 XX 22<CR>
43 XX 55<CR>
>44 XX<ESC>
(2) M (Display Memory) Command.
This command is used to display the contents of the Program or
External or Internal Memory.
Foramt:
M {P|D|I}, address1.address2<CR>
EX:
To display the Contents of 5 Bytes from location 8020H.
>Md8020, 8024<CR>.

MICROCONTROLLER LAB
EXPERIMENT NO.6
Generation of Waveforms using DAC interface module
AIM:
To write and execute program in 8051 assembly language for interfacing a DAC
interface module with ESA 31 microcontroller trainer kit.
APPARATUS:
1. ESA 31 Microcontroller trainer kit
2. Dual channel DAC module
3. Power supply units
4. 26 Pin connector cable
5. CRO
DESCRIPTION:
To use DAC, initialize 8255A for mode 0 operation with port A and port B as
output. Output data on the appropriate port and observe output wave form at Xout and
Yout of the DAC using CRO.
The 16 bit port addresses for 8255A available at J2 connector are:
Port A
Equ E800H
Port B
Equ E801H
Port C
Equ E802H
Port D
Equ E803H
Note: Port A controls Xout and Port B controls Yout of DAC interface module.
PROGRAMS:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Write an ALP to generate Saw tooth (Up-going and down-going)

Write an ALP to generate Triangular waveform.
Write an ALP to generate Symmetrical Square wave.
Write an ALP to generate
A). Up going stair case with 5 steps.
B). Down going stair case with 5 steps.

Program 7.1
; Assume the DAC interface is connected over J2 of the ESA 31 trainer.
ORG
PORT_A
PORT_B
PORT_C

8000H
EQU E800H
EQU E801H
EQU E802H

CWR
EQU E803H
; Program to generate Continuous up going saw tooth.
MOV
MOV
MOVX
CLR
AGAIN: MOV
MOVX
INC
MOVX
INC
SJMP

DPTR,#0E803H
A,#80H
@DPTR,A
;initialize 8255A for mode 0 with
PA&PB as OUT
A
;Start with value 00H
DPTR, #0E800H;Point to Port A
@DPTR,A
;Out to Port A and
DPTR
@DPTR,A
;Out to Port B
A
;increment DAC input
AGAIN
;Repeat forever.

; Program to generate continuous down going Sawtooth

MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOV
AGAIN: MOV
MOVX
INC
MOVX
DEC
SJMP

DPTR,#0E803H
A,#80H
@DPTR,A
A,#0FFH
DPTR,#0E800H
@DPTR,A
DPTR
@DPTR,A
A
AGAIN

; Program to generate continuous triangular waveform

MOV
MOV
MOVX
CLR
UP: MOV
MOVX
INC
MOVX
INC
CJNE
DOWN :MOV
MOVX
INC
MOVX
DEC
CJNE

DPTR,#0E803H
A,#80H
@DPTR,A
A
DPTR,#0E800H
@DPTR,A
DPTR
@DPTR,A
A
A,#0FFH,UP
DPTR,#0E800H
@DPTR,A
DPTR
@DPTR,A
A
A,#00H,DOWN

SJMP
UP
; Program to generate Symmetrical Square Wave
MOV
MOV
MOVX
BACK:MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOV
DLY1:DJNZ
MOV
MOVX
MOV
DLY2:DJNZ
SJMP

DPTR,#0E803H
A,#80H
@DPTR,A
A,#0FFH
DPTR,#0E800H
@DPTR,A
R0,#0FFH
R0,DLY1
A,#00H
@DPTR,A
R0,#0FFH
R0,DLY2
BACK

; Program for Stair case (Up-going) with 5 steps.

MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOV
RPT: ADD
MOV
MOVX
MOV
DLY1: DJNZ
CJNE
INC
MOVX
MOV
DLY2: DJNZ
SJMP

DPTR,#0E803H
A,#80H
@DPTR,A
A,#00H
A,#33H
DPTR,#0E800H
@DPTR,A
R0,#0FFH
R0,DLY1
A,#0FFH,RPT
A
@DPTR,A
R0,#0FFH
R0,DLY2
RPT

; Program for Stair case (down-going) with 5 steps

MOV
MOV
MOVX
MOV
MOV
RPT: MOVX
MOV
DLY1: DJNZ
AGAIN:CLR

DPTR,#0E803H
A,#80H
@DPTR,A
A,#0FFH
DPTR,#0E800H
@DPTR,A
R0,#0FFH
R0,DLY1
C

SUBB
MOVX
MOV
DLY2: DJNZ
CJNE
DEC
SJMP

A,#33H
@DPTR,A
R0,#0FFH
R0,DLY2
A,#00H,AGAIN
A
RPT

EXPERIMENT NO.8
Interfacing of Traffic Light Controller Using 8051
The traffic light interface simulates the control and operation of traffic lights at a junction
of four roads. The interface provides a set of 6 LED indicators at each of the four
corners. Each of these LED s can be controlled by a port line. Thus the interface allows
the user to simulate a variety of traffic simulations using appropriate software routines.
DESCRIPTION OF THE CIRCUIT :
The organization of 6 LED s is identical at each of the four corners. The organization
with reference to the LED s at South-West corner is shown in figure.1
R = SOUTH RED
A = SOUTH AMBER
L = SOUTH LEFT
S= SOUTH STRAIGHT
Rg=SOUTH RIGHT
DL=SOUTH
PEDESTRIAN
The five LED s (except
Pedestrian) will be ON or
OFF depending on the state
of corresponding port line
LED is ON, if the Port line
is Logic HIGH and LED
is OFF, if it is at logic
LOW.
The last LED
marked DL is a set of two
dual color LED s and they
both will be either RED or GREEN depending on the state of the corresponding port line
RED if the port line is logic HIGH and GREEN if the port line is logic LOW.
24 LEDS AND CORRESPONDING PORT LINES:
PORT A:
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
_____________________________________________
ER
PORT B:

EA

ERg

EL

SR

SA

SRg

SL

D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
_____________________________________________
WR

WA

WRg WL

NR

NA

NRg

NL

PORT C:
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
____________________________________________
EP

SP

WP

NP

SS

ES

NS

WS

There are four such sets of LED s and these are controlled by 24 port lines of 8255A.
Each port line is inverted and buffered using 7406 (open collector inverter buffers) and is
used to control an LED. Dual color LEDs are controlled by a port line and its
complement.
INSTALLATION:
The interface module has 26 pin connector at one edge of the card. This is used for
connecting the interface over J2 of the ESA 31 trainer. The trainer can be in
KEYBOARD MODE or SERIAL MODE.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Generate the sequence for PA, PB, and PC such that the following traffic situations are
simulated.
1. Vehicles from SOUTH can go NORTH and WEST
Vehicles from WEST can go NORTH
Vehicles from NORTH can go SOUTH
Pedestrians can cross on EAST
2. Vehicles from EAST can go WEST and SOUTH
Vehicles from WEST can go EAST
Vehicles from SOUTH can go WEST
Pedestrians can cross on NORTH
3. Vehicles from EAST can go SOUTH
Vehicles from NORTH can go SOUTH and EAST
Vehicles from SOUTH can go NORTH
Pedestrians can cross on WEST
4. Vehicles from EAST can go WEST

Vehicles from WEST can go EAST and NORTH

Vehicles from NORTH can go EAST
Pedestrians can cross on SOUTH
5. No vehicle movement
Pedestrians can cross on all four roads.
The system moves from one state to another state after fixed time delay. The state
transition is indicated by turning ON all the AMBER LEDs and all Pedestrians RED
LEDs for a fixed duration. The sequence of the above states is repeated again and again.
; Program memory from 8000H to 804FH
ORG
PORTA
PORTB
PORTC
CWR
MOV
MOV
MOVX
AGAIN: MOV
NEXTST: MOVX
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
MOVX
POP
POP
INC
MOVX
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
MOVX
POP
POP
INC
MOVX
PUSH
PUSH
MOV
MOVX
POP

EQU
EQU
EQEU
EQU

8000H
E800H
E801H
E802H
E803H

DPTR,#0E803H
A,#80H
@DPTR,A
DPTR,#PORTS
A,@DPTR
DPL
DPH
DPTR,#0E800H
@DPTR,A
DPH
DPL
DPTR
A,@DPTR
DPL
DPH
DPTR,0E801H
@DPTR,A
DPH
DPL
DPTR
A,@DPTR
DPL
DPH
DPTR,#0E802H
@DPTR,A
DPH

;Port A value.

;Port B value.

;Port C value.

POP
INC
LCALL
MOV
CJNE
SJMP
DELAY: MOV
LOOP3: MOV
LOOP2: MOV
LOOP1: DEC
CJNE
DEC
CJNE
DEC
CJNE
RET

DPL
DPTR
DELAY
A,DPL
A,#1EH,NEXTST
AGAIN
R2,#06
R4,#0FFH
R3, #0FFH
R3
R3,#00,LOOP1
R4
R4,#00,LOOP2
R2
R2,#00,LOOP3

;Provide delay

;Delay routine

; Enter the data mentioned below from 0000H to 001EH in data memory.
PORTS:

DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB
DB

10H, 81H, 7AH

44H, 44H, 0F0H
08H, 11H, 0E5H
44H, 44H, 0F0H
81H, 10H, 0DAH
44H, 44H, 0F0H
11H, 08H, 0B5H
44H, 44H, 0F0H
88H, 88H, 00H
44H, 44H, 0F0
00H

;state 1
;All Ambers ON
;State 2
;All Ambers ON
;State 3
;State 4
;State 5
;Dummy