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Week 2 IP Addressing Overview

IP addressing consists of four bytes divided into a network address and host address. There are three classes - Class A uses the first byte for network addressing and supports over 16 million hosts, Class B divides the first two bytes evenly between network and host, and Class C uses the first three bytes for network addressing and supports up to 254 hosts. IPv6 expanded the address space to 16 bytes or 128 bits to accommodate more devices.

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Aziz London
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38 views

Week 2 IP Addressing Overview

IP addressing consists of four bytes divided into a network address and host address. There are three classes - Class A uses the first byte for network addressing and supports over 16 million hosts, Class B divides the first two bytes evenly between network and host, and Class C uses the first three bytes for network addressing and supports up to 254 hosts. IPv6 expanded the address space to 16 bytes or 128 bits to accommodate more devices.

Uploaded by

Aziz London
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IP Addressing

Consists of four bytes


Divided into two components
Network address
Host address
Classes
Class A
Class B
Class C
Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Second Edition 1
Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Second Edition 2
Table 2-3 TCP/IP address classes
IP Addressing (contd.)
Class A
First byte is reserved for network address
Last three bytes are available for host computers
Supports more than 16 million host computers
Limited number of Class A networks
Reserved for large corporations and governments
Format: network.node.node.node
Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Second Edition 3
IP Addressing (contd.)
Class B
Divided evenly
Two-octet network address
Two-octet host address
Supports more than 65,000 hosts
Assigned to large corporations and Internet Service
Providers (ISPs)
Format: network.network.node.node
Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Second Edition 4
IP Addressing (contd.)
Class C
Three-octet network address and one-octet host
address
More than two million Class C addresses
Supports up to 254 host computers
Usually available for small business and home use
Format: network.network.network.node
Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Second Edition 5
IP Addressing (contd.)
Subnet mask
Each network must be assigned a subnet mask
Helps distinguish network from host address bits
Subnetting concepts are important
Utilities return information based on IP address and
subnet information
May be useful when penetration testing
Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Second Edition 6
Planning IP Address Assignments
Each network segment must have a unique
network address
Address cannot contain all 0s or all 1s
Accessing entities and services on other networks
Each computer needs IP address of gateway
TCP/IP Internet layer uses subnet mask to
determine destination computers network address
If addresses are different, relays packet to gateway
Gateway forwards packet to its next destination
Packet eventually reaches destination
Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Second Edition 7
IPv6 Addressing
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
Wasnt designed with security in mind
Many current network vulnerabilities
Developed to increase IP address space and
provide additional security
Uses 16 bytes, or a 128-bit address
2
128
available addresses
Many OSs are configured to enable IPv6
Many router filtering devices, firewalls, and intrusion
detection systems are not
Hackers bypass security systems
Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Second Edition 8
Summary
IP addressing
Four bytes and three classes (A, B, and C)
IPv6 addresses
16 bytes
Written in hexadecimal notation
Hands-On Ethical Hacking and Network Defense, Second Edition 9

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