ATP syllabus ATG(A)

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6.1 AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL AND GENERAL
AEROPLANE
A
6.1.1 AIRFRAME AND SYSTEMS
6.1.1.1 Fuselage
types of construction
structural components and materials used
stress
6.1.1.2 Cockpit and passenger cabin windows
construction laminated glass, acrylic plastic
structural limitations
6.1.1.3 Wings and stabilising surfaces
types of construction
structural components and materials used
stress relief of engines
6.1.1.4 Landing gear
types
construction
locking devices and emergency extension systems
accidental retraction prevention devices
position, movement lights and indicators
nosewheel steering
wheels and tyres (construction, markings, limitations)
braking systems
construction, single and multi-plate disc brakes
parking brake
operation of anti-skid system
operation of auto brake system
indications and warning systems
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6.1.1.5 Hydraulics
6.1.1.5.1 Basic principles of hydromechanics
hydraulic fluids
components and operation of basic hydraulic system
6.1.1.5.2 Hydraulic systems
main, standby and emergency systems
operation, indicators and warning systems
ancillary systems
6.1.1.6 Air driven systems
6.1.1.6.1 Pneumatic systems
power sources
components, construction and operation of basic system
potential failures, warning devices, indicators
6.1.1.6.2 Air conditioning system
heating and cooling
construction, functioning and controls
warning devices
6.1.1.6.3 Pressurisation
cabin altitude, maximum cabin altitude
differential pressure
pressurised zones in the aircraft
operation and indicators
safety devices and warning systems
rapid decompression, cabin altitude warning
emergency procedures
6.1.1.6.4 De-ice systems
pneumatic leading edge de-icing of wings/control surfaces
components, construction and operation
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use and operational limitations
6.1.1.6.5 Anti-ice systems

aerofoil, control surfaces, powerplant, air intakes,
windshield

components, construction and operation
use and operational limitations
ice warning system
6.1.1.7 Non-pneumatic operated de-ice and anti-ice systems
6.1.7.1 Components, construction and operation of:
air intake
pitot, static pressure sensor and stall warning devices
windshield
weeping wing system
rain repellent system
6.1.7.2 Fuel dumping system
6.1.7.3 Fuel system monitoring
operation, indicators, warning systems
6.1.1.8 ELECTRICS
6.1.1.8.1 Direct Current (DC)
6.1.1.8.2 DC Generator
principle of operation
6.1.1.8.3 Current distribution
DC bus bars
ammeter and voltmeter
annunciators
inverter
6.1.1.8.4 Alternating current
single and multi-phase AC
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frequency
phase shift
AC components
6.1.1.8.5 Alternators
3 phase
brushless: construction and operation
constant speed and integrated drives
6.1.1.8.6 AC power distribution
construction, operation and monitoring
protection circuits, paralleling of AC generators
AC bus bars
6.1.1.8.7 Transformers
function, types and applications
6.1.1.8.8 Transformer/rectifier units
6.1.2 POWERPLANT
Turbine engine
6.1.2.1 Principle of operation
6.1.2.2 Types of construction
centrifugal
axial flow
6.1.2.3 Engine construction
6.1.2.3.1 Air inlet
function
6.1.2.3.2 Compressor
function
construction and mode of operation
effects of damage
compressor stall and surge (cause, recognition, avoidance)
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compressor characteristics
6.1.2.3.3 Combustion chamber
function
mixing ratios
fuel injectors
thermal load
6.1.2.3.4 Turbine
function, construction and working principles
thermal and mechanical stress
effects of damage
monitoring of exhaust gas temperature
6.1.2.3.5 Jet pipe
function
different types
noise silencing devices
6.1.2.3.6 Pressure, temperature and airflow in a turbine engine
6.1.2.3.7 Reverse thrust
function, type and principles of operation
degree of efficiency
use and monitoring
6.1.2.3.8 Performance and thrust augmentation
water injection, principles of operation
use and system monitoring
6.1.2.3.9 Bleed air

effect of use of bleed air on thrust, exhaust gas
temperature

RPM and pressure ratio
effect of use of bleed air on performance
6.1.2.3.10 Auxiliary gearbox
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function
6.1.2.4 Turbine engine systems
6.1.2.4.1 Ignition
function, types, components, operation, safety aspects
6.1.2.4.2 Starter
function, type, construction and mode of operation
control and monitoring
self-sustaining and idle speeds
6.1.2.4.3 Engine start malfunctions
types, cause and avoidance
6.1.2.4.4 Fuel system
construction and components
operation and monitoring
malfunctions
6.1.2.4.5 Lubrication
construction and components
operation and monitoring
malfunctions
6.1.2.4.6 Fuel
effects of temperature
impurities and additives
6.1.2.4.7 Thrust
thrust formula
flat rated engine

thrust as a function of airspeed, air density, pressure,
temperature and RPM

6.1.2.4.8 Engine operating and monitoring
6.1.2.5 Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
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function, types
location
operation and monitoring
6.1.2.6 Ram air turbine
function
6.1.3 Emergency equipment
6.1.3.1 Smoke detection
location, indicators, function test
6.1.3.2 Fire detection and fire fighting
location, warning mode, function test
6.1.3.3 Oxygen systems
types of systems, principles of operation
use and safety measures
6.1.4 Special Operational Procedures and Hazards
6.1.4.1 Ground de-icing
icing conditions
de-icing, ant-icing, types of fluids
6.1.4.2 Bird strike risk and avoidance
6.1.4.3 Fire/Smoke
engine fire
fire in the cabin, cockpit, freight compartment

selection of appropriate fire extinguishing agents with
respect to fire classification

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actions in case of over-heated brakes after aborted take-off
and landing

smoke in the cockpit and cabin (effects and actions taken)
6.1.4.4 Windshear, microburst
effects and recognition during approach/departure
actions to avoid and actions taken during encounter
6.1.4.5 Wake turbulence
cause
influence of speed and mass, wind

actions taken during approach, landing, take-off, crossing
behind

6.1.4.6 Contaminated runways
types of contamination
aquaplaning: types and avoidance
braking action and braking coefficient
6.1.4.7 Hydroplaning
6.1.5 SUBSONIC AERODYNAMICS
6.1.5.1 Laws and definitions
units of measurement
Newtons Laws of Motion
velocity
temperature and density
static and dynamic pressure
momentum
acceleration
equilibrium
- inertia
- motion on a curved path
6.1.5.2 Airspeeds
Indicated Airspeed (IAS)
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Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)
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Equivalent Airspeed (EAS)
True Airspeed (TAS)
Mach number
6.1.5.3 Shape of an aerofoil
taper ratio
root chord, tip chord and mean aerodynamic chord
aspect ratio, angle of sweepback
high speed aerofoils
- thickness to chord ratio
6.1.5.4 Controls
Method of operation of:
basic elevator, ailerons, rudder and combinations
inboard ailerons, flaperons, roll control spoilers
combined aileron and spoiler controls
speed brakes, ground spoilers
variable elevator
indicators and warning devices
mode of actuation: mechanical, hydraulic, fly by wire
artificial feel
indicators, warning devices
6.1.5.5 Trimming control systems
fixed tabs, balance tab, anti-balance tab, servo tab
spring tab
variable incidence tailplane
6.1.5.6 High lift devices
6.1.5.6.1 Trailing edge flaps
slotted and multiple slotted flaps
the Fowler flap and slotted Fowler flap
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6.1.5.6.2 Leading edge devices
Krueger flap
slats and slots, automatic slots
6.1.6 HIGH SPEED FLIGHT
6.1.6.1 Flight speed classification
subsonic
Transonic
Supersonic
6.1.6.2 Speed of sound
Mach number and formula
effect of temperature and altitude
compressibility
free stream Mach number
local Mach number
6.1.6.3 Shockwaves
propagation of pressure waves
normal shockwave
critical Mach number
accelerating beyond Mcrit
influence of:
Mach number
control deflection
angle of attack
aerofoil thickness
angle of sweep
area rule
influence on:
CL and CD
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aerodynamic heating
shock stall/Mach buffet
influence on:
drag
pitch (Mach trim)
contribution of:
movement of centre of pressure
angle of sweep
downwash
methods of reducing/delaying transonic drag rise
control problems in transonic flight
6.1.6.4 SUPERSONIC AERODYNAMICS
oblique shockwaves
Mach cone
influence of aircraft weight
expansion waves
centre of pressure
wave drag
control surface hinge movement
control surface efficiency