SQLite

1
SQLite
SQLite
Developer(s) D. Richard Hipp
Initial release August2000
Stable release
3.8.5 (June4, 2014) []
[1]
Written in C
Operating system Cross-platform
Size 658KiB
Type RDBMS (embedded)
License Public domain
Website
sqlite.org
[2]
SQLite (/skjullat/ or /sikwl.lat/) is a relational database management system contained in a C programming
library. In contrast to other database management systems, SQLite is not a separate process that is accessed from the
client application, but an integral part of it.
SQLite is ACID-compliant and implements most of the SQL standard, using a dynamically and weakly typed SQL
syntax that does not guarantee the domain integrity.
SQLite is a popular choice as embedded database for local/client storage in application software such as web
browsers. It is arguably the most widely deployed database engine, as it is used today by several widespread
browsers, operating systems, and embedded systems, among others. SQLite has bindings to many programming
languages.
The source code for SQLite is in the public domain.
Design
Unlike clientserver database management systems, the SQLite engine has no standalone processes with which the
application program communicates. Instead, the SQLite library is linked in and thus becomes an integral part of the
application program. (In this, SQLite follows the precedent of Informix SE of c. 1984
[3]
) The library can also be
called dynamically. The application program uses SQLite's functionality through simple function calls, which reduce
latency in database access: function calls within a single process are more efficient than inter-process
communication. SQLite stores the entire database (definitions, tables, indices, and the data itself) as a single
cross-platform file on a host machine. It implements this simple design by locking the entire database file during
writing. SQLite read operations can be multitasked, though writes can only be performed sequentially.
SQLite
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History
D. Richard Hipp designed SQLite in the spring of 2000 while working for General Dynamics on contract with the
United States Navy. Hipp was designing software used onboard guided missile destroyers, which were originally
based on HP-UX with an IBM Informix database back-end. The design goals of SQLite were to allow the program to
be operated without installing a database management system or requiring a database administrator. In August 2000,
version 1.0 of SQLite was released, based on gdbm (GNU Database Manager). SQLite 2.0 replaced gdbm with a
custom B-tree implementation, adding support for transactions. SQLite 3.0, partially funded by America Online,
added internationalization, manifest typing, and other major improvements.
In 2011 Hipp announced his plans to add an UnQL interface to SQLite databases and to develop UnQLite, an
embeddable document-oriented database. Howard Chu ported SQLite 3.7.7.1 to use Openldap MDB instead of the
original Btree code and called it sqlightning. One test of inserting 1000 records was 20 times faster.
[4][5]
Features
SQLite implements most of the SQL-92 standard for SQL but it lacks some features. For example it has partial
support for triggers, and it can't write to views (however it supports INSTEAD OF triggers that provide this
functionality). While it supports complex queries, it still has limited ALTER TABLE support, as it can't modify or
delete columns.
SQLite uses an unusual type system for an SQL-compatible DBMS; instead of assigning a type to a column as in
most SQL database systems, types are assigned to individual values; in language terms it is dynamically typed.
Moreover, it is weakly typed in some of the same ways that Perl is: one can insert a string into an integer column
(although SQLite will try to convert the string to an integer first, if the column's preferred type is integer). This adds
flexibility to columns, especially when bound to a dynamically typed scripting language. However, the technique is
not portable to other SQL products. A common criticism is that SQLite's type system lacks the data integrity
mechanism provided by statically typed columns in other products. The SQLite web site describes a "strict affinity"
mode, but this feature has not yet been added. However, it can be implemented with constraints like
CHECK(typeof(x)='integer').
Several computer processes or threads may access the same database concurrently. Several read accesses can be
satisfied in parallel. A write access can only be satisfied if no other accesses are currently being serviced. Otherwise,
the write access fails with an error code (or can automatically be retried until a configurable timeout expires). This
concurrent access situation would change when dealing with temporary tables. This restriction is relaxed in version
3.7 when write-ahead logging (WAL) is turned on enabling concurrent reads and writes.
A standalone program called sqlite3 is provided that can be used to create a database, define tables within it,
insert and change rows, run queries and manage an SQLite database file. This program is a single executable file on
the host machine. It also serves as an example for writing applications that use the SQLite library.
SQLite full Unicode support is optional.
SQLite has automated regression testing prior to each release. Over 2 million tests are run as part of a release's
verification. Starting with the August 10, 2009 release of SQLite 3.6.17, SQLite releases have 100% branch test
coverage, one of the components of code coverage.
As of version 3.8.2 it's possible to create tables without rowid.
[6]
SQLite
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Development
SQLite development stores revisions of its source code in Fossil, a distributed version control system that is itself
built upon an SQLite database.
Adoption
Programming languages
SQLite has bindings for a large number of programming languages, including :
BASIC Haskell Pike
Delphi Java PureBasic
C
JavaScript
[7]
Python
[8]
C# Julia R
C++ Livecode REALbasic
Clipper//Harbour Lua REBOL
Common Lisp newLisp
Ruby
[9]
Curl Objective-C (on OS X and iOS) Scheme
D OCaml Smalltalk
Free Pascal
Perl
[10]
Tcl
Go PHP Visual Basic
Middleware
ADO.NET adapter, initially developed by Robert Simpson, is maintained jointly with the SQLite developers since
April 2010.
[11]
ODBC driver has been developed and is maintained separately by Christian Werner.
[12]
Werner's ODBC driver is
the recommended connection method for accessing SQLite from OpenOffice.org.
[13]
COM (ActiveX) wrapper making SQLite accessible on Windows to scripted languages such as JScript and
VBScript. This adds database capabilities to HTML Applications (HTA).
XULRunner uses SQLite
Web browsers
The browsers Google Chrome, Opera, Safari and the Android Browser all allow for storing information in, and
retrieving it from, a SQLite database within the browser, using the Web SQL Database technology.
Mozilla Firefox and Mozilla Thunderbird store a variety of configuration data (bookmarks, cookies, contacts etc.)
in internally managed SQLite databases, and even offer an add-on to manage SQLite databases.
Web application frameworks
Bugzilla, Mozilla's bug database written in Perl can use SQLite to store data and settings.
Django, a Python web framework, supports SQLite3 by default.
As of version 7, Drupal, a PHP-based content management system for making websites and blogs, has an option
to install using SQLite.
Ruby on Rails' default database management system is also SQLite.
web2py, a Python web framework, default database management system is also SQLite.
SQLite
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Various
Skype is a widely deployed application that uses SQLite.
Adobe Systems uses SQLite as its file format in Adobe Photoshop Lightroom, a standard database in Adobe AIR,
and internally within Adobe Reader.
The Service Management Facility, used for service management within the Solaris and OpenSolaris operating
systems, uses SQLite internally.
Flame, a malware program used for cyberespionage, used SQLite to store the data it collects.
The Xojo Programming Language has SQLite support built in to both the desktop and web frameworks.
Operating systems
Because of its small size, SQLite is well suited to embedded systems, and is also included in:
Blackberry's BlackBerry 10 OS
Microsoft's Windows Phone 8
Apple's iOS
Symbian OS
Nokia's Maemo
Google's Android
Linux Foundation's MeeGo
LG's webOS
NetBSD
OpenBSD
FreeBSD where starting with 10-RELEASE version it is the core package management system.
illumos
However, it is also suitable for desktop operating systems; Apple adopted it as an option in OS X's Core Data API
from the original implementation in Mac OS X 10.4 onwards, and also for administration of videos and songs on the
iPhone.
Citations
[1] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:Latest_stable_software_release/ SQLite& action=edit
[2] http:/ / sqlite. org/
[3] http:/ / www. iiug. org/ faqs/ informix-faq/ ifaq01. htm. 1#1. 2
[4] MDB: A Memory-Mapped Database and Backend for OpenLDAP (http:/ / ldapcon. org/ downloads/ chu-paper. pdf), Howard Chu, [MDB: A
Memory-Mapped Database and Backend for OpenLDAP LDAPCon 2011].
[5] sqlightning source code (http:/ / gitorious.org/ mdb/ sqlightning#more).
[6] ReleaseLog (http:/ / sqlite.org/ news.html) SQLite.org, visited 8th December 2013
[7] JSPDO (http:/ / code.google. com/ p/ v8-juice/ wiki/ JSPDO) JavaScript database access abstraction API
[8] PySQLite (http:/ / trac.edgewall.org/ wiki/ PySqlite): Python bindings for SQLite
[9] SQLite/Ruby (http:/ / rubyforge. org/ projects/ sqlite-ruby): Ruby bindings for SQLite
[10] DBD::SQLite (https:/ / metacpan. org/ module/ DBD::SQLite): Perl DBI Interface to SQLite
[11] http:/ / system. data. sqlite. org/ index.html/ doc/ trunk/ www/ index. wiki
[12] http:/ / www.ch-werner. de/ sqliteodbc/
[13] http:/ / documentation. openoffice. org/ HOW_TO/ data_source/ SQLite. pdf
SQLite
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References
Allen, Grant; Owens, Mike (November 5, 2010). The Definitive Guide to SQLite (http:/ / apress. com/ book/ view/
1430232250) (2nd ed.). Apress. p.368. ISBN1-4302-3225-0.
Kreibich, Jay A. (August 17, 2010). Using SQLite (http:/ / oreilly. com/ catalog/ 9780596521196) (1st ed.).
O'Reilly Media. p.528. ISBN0-596-52118-9.
van der Lans, Rick F. (September 7, 2009). The SQL Guide to SQLite (1st ed.). lulu.com. p.542.
ISBN0-557-07676-5.
Newman, Chris (November 9, 2004). SQLite (Developer's Library) (http:/ / www. informit. com/ store/ product.
aspx?isbn=067232685X) (1st ed.). Sams. p.336. ISBN0-672-32685-X.
External links
Official website (http:/ / www. sqlite. org/ )
SQLite (http:/ / www. dmoz. org/ Computers/ Software/ Databases/ SQLite) at DMOZ
An Introduction to SQLite (https:/ / www. youtube. com/ watch?v=giAMt8Tj-84) on YouTube
Article Sources and Contributors
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Article Sources and Contributors
SQLite Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=611555101 Contributors: *drew, 0x54097DAA, A. Parrot, AVRS, Abdull, Alex LE, Alex degarate, AlistairMcMillan, Alvin-cs,
Amanda hoic, AndrewHowse, Anybody, Aquatopia, Arcturis, Arite, Arulprasad, Aulis2003, AxelBoldt, Baest, Barefootguru, Bbb2007, Beethoven05, Beeveer, Bgwhite, Bigown, Bkkbrad,
Boleslav Bobcik, Bro4, Brockert, Bryan Derksen, C. A. Russell, CWenger, Canadianacademic, Cander0000, Captain Conundrum, CeciliaPang, Chealer, Choas, Chris Caven, ChrisNoe, Claw of
Slime, Cmbeelby, Compctech, Cooldude7273, DG, DStoykov, Damian Yerrick, DanBishop, Danim, Darkzen.bps, Dave2, David Gerard, Daxx wp, Dchestnykh, Deflective, Delpino, Devin Asay,
Dexp, DivideByZero14, Djbriddock, DmitTrix, Dnas, Dougher, Drano, Drhipp, Dsimpson dcsi, Ebraminio, Eequor, Egrabczewski, Eugenwpg, FFMG, FatalError, Fenke, Fnielsen, Frap, Fred
Bradstadt, Fubar Obfusco, Furrykef, Gabrielepx, Gerardo cabero, Gilesmorant, Gioto, Glenn, Glider87, Graue, Greensburger, GregorB, Grshiplett, Gudeldar, Gwern, Gtz, H@r@ld, Haakon,
Hankwang, Hareesh.t, Havarhen, Heelmijnlevenlang, Hif, Hoo man, Hu12, Huji, Inverse.chi, Irishguy, Isilanes, J Milburn, JLaTondre, Jaguar83, JamesHaigh, Jandalhandler, Javier Odom,
Jaxelrod, Jayapalchandran, Jeanfarias, Jmkim dot com, Johnuniq, JonathanWakely, Jorel314, Jrouquie, Jstaniek, KTC, Kate, Kimchi.sg, Kirbylover4000, Kl4m-AWB, Korval, Kriplozoik,
Kwamikagami, Kwiki, Leonelhs, Lethalmonk, Lfstevens, LilHelpa, Lmatt, LordArtemis, Lotje, Luk, MBParker, MBlakley, MVelliste, Madooo12, Magicmike, Magister Mathematicae,
Mainstreetmark, Makyen, Many delicious meats, Marco1317, Marco1713, Mark Arsten, Marvinella, Materialscientist, Mattisgoo, Mchirico, Mdwh, Mecanismo, Melizg, Mindmatrix, Minghong,
Mipadi, Molyneux.peter, Moxfyre, MrOllie, Mrinal.kant, Mschumacher69, Mwtoews, Najeeb1010, Nate Silva, Ned Scott, Neilc, Neurolysis, Niceguyedc, Nikai, Nnemo, Noncoercive, Nuno
Brito, Od1n, Ohconfucius, Optikos, Otterfan, OzOle, PabloCastellano, Palosirkka, Paolosupernova, Pascal sa, Patuck, Paul Magnussen, Peak, Permafrost46, Philipolson, Philippe.petrinko,
Pmsyyz, Pnm, Polar, PotatoEater, Qu1j0t3, Quadunit404, Qwyrxian, RadioActive, RandalSchwartz, Rapha222, Reedy, Rfl, Rgbea, Rich Farmbrough, Risk one, RobertCailliau, Roberta F.,
Ronark, Rorx, RossPatterson, Rrjanbiah, Ruakh, Rursus, SF007, Sae1962, Saltlakejohn, Sanxiyn, Sappy, Sarathbs, Scartboy, Scjessey, ScotXW, Scullder, Sdfisher, Sekelsenmat, SexyBern,
Shello, SimonEast, Simple Bob, Sleske, Slicky, Smyth, Soumyasch, SpacePacket, Specious, SqlPac, Srperez, Stachelfisch, Staticmain, Steph1978, Stephan Leeds, Streambag, Superm401, Svick,
Syntaxerrorz, TOR, Tablizer, TankMiche, Temblast, Tgwena, Theone00, Therealgeeves, Theta682, Thumperward, ThurnerRupert, Tim baroon, Timwi, Tobias Conradi, Toehead2001, TripleF,
Turnstep, Two Bananas, U1024, Ungzd, Vdvluc, Visor, Vlops, Volkris, Wael Ellithy, Waldir, Where, Who.am.i, Wikimercenary, Wikitiki89, Wikiwikiwu, Winterst, Wjgilmore, Wonderfl,
Wwwwolf, Wykypydya, Xephyrous, Xtremejames183, Yaron K., Ybungalobill, Yoghurt, Zaxn1234, Zbig Lebowsky, ZeaForUs, Zero0w, Zhongchen, Zo8shong, 477 anonymous edits
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
File:SQLite370.svg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:SQLite370.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Part of the SQLite documentation, which has been released
by author D. Richard Hipp to the public domain. SVG conversion by Mike Toews.
License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/