XR-2206

...the analog plus

Monolithic
Function Generator

company TM

June 1997-3

FEATURES

APPLICATIONS
D Waveform Generation

D Low-Sine Wave Distortion, 0.5%, Typical

D Excellent Temperature Stability, 20ppm/C, Typ.

D Sweep Generation

D Wide Sweep Range, 2000:1, Typical

D AM/FM Generation

D Low-Supply Sensitivity, 0.01%V, Typ.

D V/F Conversion

D Linear Amplitude Modulation

D FSK Generation

D TTL Compatible FSK Controls

D Phase-Locked Loops (VCO)

D Wide Supply Range, 10V to 26V

D Adjustable Duty Cycle, 1% TO 99%

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The XR-2206 is a monolithic function generator
integrated circuit capable of producing high quality sine,
square, triangle, ramp, and pulse waveforms of
high-stability and accuracy. The output waveforms can be
both amplitude and frequency modulated by an external
voltage. Frequency of operation can be selected
externally over a range of 0.01Hz to more than 1MHz.

The circuit is ideally suited for communications,

instrumentation, and function generator applications
requiring sinusoidal tone, AM, FM, or FSK generation. It
has a typical drift specification of 20ppm/C. The oscillator
frequency can be linearly swept over a 2000:1 frequency
range with an external control voltage, while maintaining
low distortion.

ORDERING INFORMATION

Part No.

Package

Operating
Temperature Range

XR-2206M

16 Lead 300 Mil CDIP

-55C to +125C

XR-2206P

16 Lead 300 Mil PDIP

40C to +85C

XR-2206CP

16 Lead 300 Mil PDIP

0C to +70C

XR-2206D

16 Lead 300 Mil JEDEC SOIC

0C to +70C

Rev. 1.03
E1972

EXAR Corporation, 48720 Kato Road, Fremont, CA 94538 z (510) 668-7000 z (510) 668-7017
1

XR-2206

VCC

TR1

FSKI

AMSI

11 SYNCO

TR2

10

Timing
Capacitor

Timing
Resistors

12

TC2

BIAS

4
TC1

GND

VCO

Current
Switches

Multiplier
And Sine
Shaper

+1

WAVEA2 14
SYMA1 15
SYMA2 16

Figure 1. XR-2206 Block Diagram

Rev. 1.03
2

STO

WAVEA1 13

MO

XR-2206

AMSI
STO
MO
VCC
TC1
TC2
TR1
TR2

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

SYMA2
SYMA1
WAVEA2
WAVEA1
GND
SYNCO
BIAS
FSKI

AMSI
STO
MO
VCC
TC1
TC2
TR1
TR2

16 Lead PDIP, CDIP (0.300)

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

SYMA2
SYMA1
WAVEA2
WAVEA1
GND
SYNCO
BIAS
FSKI

16 Lead SOIC (Jedec, 0.300)

PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin #

Symbol

Type

AMSI

Description
Amplitude Modulating Signal Input.

STO

Sine or Triangle Wave Output.

MO

Multiplier Output.

VCC

TC1

6
7

Positive Power Supply.

I

Timing Capacitor Input.

TC2

Timing Capacitor Input.

TR1

Timing Resistor 1 Output.

TR2

Timing Resistor 2 Output.

FSKI

Frequency Shift Keying Input.

10

BIAS

Internal Voltage Reference.

11

SYNCO

Sync Output. This output is a open collector and needs a pull up resistor to VCC.

12

GND

13

WAVEA1

Wave Form Adjust Input 1.

14

WAVEA2

Wave Form Adjust Input 2.

15

SYMA1

Wave Symetry Adjust 1.

16

SYMA2

Wave Symetry Adjust 2.

Ground pin.

Rev. 1.03
3

XR-2206
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Test Conditions: Test Circuit of Figure 2 Vcc = 12V, TA = 25C, C = 0.01mF, R1 = 100kW, R2 = 10kW, R3 = 25kW
Unless Otherwise Specified. S1 open for triangle, closed for sine wave.
XR-2206M/P
Parameters

Min.

Typ.

XR-2206CP/D
Max.

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Units

Conditions

General Characteristics
Single Supply Voltage

10

26

10

26

Split-Supply Voltage

+5

+13

+5

+13

20

mA

Supply Current

12

17

14

R1  10kW

Oscillator Section
Max. Operating Frequency

0.5

Lowest Practical Frequency

0.5

MHz

0.01

0.01

Hz

C = 1000pF, R1 = 1kW
C = 50mF, R1 = 2MW

Frequency Accuracy

+1

+4

+2

% of fo

Temperature Stability
Frequency

+10

+50

+20

ppm/C 0C  TA  70C
R1 = R2 = 20kW

Sine Wave Amplitude Stability2

4800

4800

ppm/C

Supply Sensitivity

0.01

0.01

%/V

2000:1

fH = fL

Sweep Range

0.1

1000:1 2000:1

fo = 1/R1C

VLOW = 10V, VHIGH = 20V,

R1 = R2 = 20kW
fH @ R1 = 1kW
fL @ R1 = 2MW

Sweep Linearity
10:1 Sweep

fL = 1kHz, fH = 10kHz

1000:1 Sweep

fL = 100Hz, fH = 100kHz

FM Distortion

0.1

0.1

+10% Deviation

Figure 5

Recommended Timing Components

Timing Capacitor: C
Timing Resistors: R1 & R2
Triangle Sine Wave

0.001

100

0.001

100

mF

2000

2000

kW

Output1

Figure 3

Triangle Amplitude
Sine Wave Amplitude

160

40

60

80

mV/kW

Figure 2, S1 Open

60

160

mV/kW

Figure 2, S1 Closed

Max. Output Swing

Vp-p

Output Impedance

600

600

Triangle Linearity

Amplitude Stability

0.5

0.5

dB

For 1000:1 Sweep

Without Adjustment

2.5

2.5

R1 = 30kW

With Adjustment

0.4

See Figure 7 and Figure 8

Sine Wave Distortion

1.0

0.5

1.5

Notes
1 Output amplitude is directly proportional to the resistance, R , on Pin 3. See Figure 3.
3
2 For maximum amplitude stability, R should be a positive temperature coefficient resistor.
3
Bold face parameters are covered by production test and guaranteed over operating temperature range.
Rev. 1.03
4

XR-2206
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (CONTD)
XR-2206M/P
Parameters

Min.

Typ.

50

XR-2206CP/D
Max.

Min.

Typ.

100

Max.

Units

50

100

Conditions

kW

Amplitude Modulation
Input Impedance
Modulation Range

100

100

Carrier Suppression

55

55

dB

Linearity

For 95% modulation

Measured at Pin 11.

Square-Wave Output
Amplitude

12

12

Vp-p

Rise Time

250

250

ns

CL = 10pF

Fall Time

50

50

ns

CL = 10pF

Saturation Voltage

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.6

IL = 2mA

Leakage Current

0.1

20

0.1

100

mA

VCC = 26V

FSK Keying Level (Pin 9)

0.8

1.4

2.4

0.8

1.4

2.4

See section on circuit controls

Reference Bypass Voltage

2.9

3.1

3.3

2.5

3.5

Measured at Pin 10.

Notes
1 Output amplitude is directly proportional to the resistance, R , on Pin 3. See Figure 3.
3
2 For maximum amplitude stability, R should be a positive temperature coefficient resistor.
3
Bold face parameters are covered by production test and guaranteed over operating temperature range.

Specifications are subject to change without notice

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26V
Power Dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750mW
Derate Above 25C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5mW/C

Total Timing Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6mA

Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . -65C to +150C

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The XR-2206 is comprised of four functional blocks; a
voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), an analog multiplier
and sine-shaper; a unity gain buffer amplifier; and a set of
current switches.

terminals to ground. With two timing pins, two discrete

output frequencies can be independently produced for
FSK generation applications by using the FSK input
control pin. This input controls the current switches which
select one of the timing resistor currents, and routes it to
the VCO.

The VCO produces an output frequency proportional to

an input current, which is set by a resistor from the timing
Rev. 1.03
5

XR-2206
VCC

1mF
4
1
5

16

C
6
FSK Input

S1 = Open For Triangle

= Closed For Sinewave

15
14
13

9
7
8

R1
R2

25K

Mult.
And
Sine
Shaper

VCO

Symmetry Adjust

S1

THD Adjust
500

Current
Switches

Triangle Or
Sine Wave
Output
Square Wave
Output

+1

11
10 12
1mF

XR-2206

10K

R3
25K
+

VCC
1mF

VCC
5.1K

5.1K

Figure 2. Basic Test Circuit

26

70C Max.
Package
Dissipation

Triangle

5
4

22
1KW

Sinewave

3
2
1

20

40

60

80

ICC (mA)

Peak Output Voltage (Volts)

2KW

18
10KW
14
30KW
10
8

100

12

16

20

24

28

VCC (V)

R3 in (KW)

Figure 3. Output Amplitude

as a Function of the Resistor,
R3, at Pin 3

Figure 4. Supply Current vs

Supply Voltage, Timing, R

Rev. 1.03
6

XR-2206
10M

Normal Output Amplitude

Timing Resistor ( W )

1M

NORMAL RANGE

100K

TYPICAL VALUE

10K

1K

4V

1.0

0.5

MINIMUM TIMING R

10-2

102

10

104

VCC / 2

106

Frequency (Hz)

DC Voltage At Pin 1

Figure 5. R versus Oscillation Frequency.

Figure 6. Normalized Output Amplitude

versus DC Bias at AM Input (Pin 1)

C = 0.01mF
Trimmed For Minimum
Distortion At 30 KW

Distortion (%)

Distortion (%)

10

100

R=3KW
VOUT =0.5VRMS Pin 2
RL=10KW

1.0

4V

MAXIMUM TIMING R

103

10

100

1K

10K

100K

1M

Frequency (Hz)

Timing R K(W)

Figure 7. Trimmed Distortion versus

Timing Resistor.

Figure 8. Sine Wave Distortion versus

Operating Frequency with
Timing Capacitors Varied.

Rev. 1.03
7

XR-2206
3
C=0.01mF
R=1MW
R=2KW

R=10KW
R=200KW

R=200KW
0

-1

R=1MW

Sweep
Input

R=1KW

Rc
+
-

IB

VC

-2

R=1KW
-3
-50

-25

25

IT

IC

R=10KW
R=2KW

50

75

Pin 7
or 8

+
3V
-

12

Frequency Drift (%)

125

100

Ambient Temperature (C)

Figure 9. Frequency Drift versus

Temperature.

Figure 10. Circuit Connection for Frequency Sweep.

VCC

1mF
4
1
5
C

16
Mult.
And
Sine
Shaper

VCO

14
13

9
7
8

Current
Switches

S1 Closed For Sinewave

15
S1

200

R1

1K

+1

10

12

Triangle Or
Sine Wave Output

11

2M

Square Wave
Output

XR-2206

3
R3
50K

10K

1mF
+

VCC
10mF

VCC
5.1K

5.1K

Figure 11. Circuit tor Sine Wave Generation without External Adjustment.
(See Figure 3 for Choice of R3)
Rev. 1.03
8

XR-2206
VCC

1mF
4
1
5
C

1
F=
RC

25K

Mult.
And
Sine
Shaper

VCO

R1

1K

7
8

RB

15
14

S1 Closed For Sinewave

S1

13

2M

Symmetry Adjust

16

RA
500

Current
Switches

+1

Triangle Or
Sine Wave Output
Square Wave
Output

11
10

12

XR-2206

R3
50K

+
1mF

10K

VCC

10mF
VCC
5.1K

5.1K

Figure 12. Circuit for Sine Wave Generation with Minimum Harmonic Distortion.
(R3 Determines Output Swing - See Figure 3)

VCC

1mF
4

1
5
>2V
<1V

F1

VCO

R1
R2

9
7
8

15

Mult.
And
Sine
Shaper

F2

FSK Input

16

14
13

Current
Switches

200

+1

11
F1=1/R1C
F2=1/R2C

10 12
+

XR-2206

R3
50K

1mF

+
10mF

VCC

5.1K

5.1K

Figure 13. Sinusoidal FSK Generator

Rev. 1.03
9

FSK Output

XR-2206
VCC

1
f+ 2
C R1 ) R2

1mF

4
1
5
C

16
Mult.
And
Sine
Shaper

VCO

7
8

R1
R1 ) R2

15
14

9
R1
R2

Duty Cycle =

13
Current
Switches

+1

Sawtooth Output

11
10

12

3
R3
24K

Pulse Output

XR-2206
5.1K

1mF

VCC

+
10mF
VCC

5.1K

5.1K

Figure 14. Circuit for Pulse and Ramp Generation.

Frequency-Shift Keying

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

The XR-2206 can be operated with two separate timing

resistors, R1 and R2, connected to the timing Pin 7 and 8,
respectively, as shown in Figure 13. Depending on the
polarity of the logic signal at Pin 9, either one or the other
of these timing resistors is activated. If Pin 9 is
open-circuited or connected to a bias voltage  2V, only
R1 is activated. Similarly, if the voltage level at Pin 9 is
1V, only R2 is activated. Thus, the output frequency can
be keyed between two levels. f1 and f2, as:

Sine Wave Generation

Without External Adjustment

Figure 11 shows the circuit connection for generating a

sinusoidal output from the XR-2206. The potentiometer,
R1 at Pin 7, provides the desired frequency tuning. The
maximum output swing is greater than V+/2, and the
typical distortion (THD) is < 2.5%. If lower sine wave
distortion is desired, additional adjustments can be
provided as described in the following section.

f1 = 1/R1C and f2 = 1/R2C

For split-supply operation, the keying voltage at Pin 9 is
referenced to V-.

The circuit of Figure 11 can be converted to split-supply

operation, simply by replacing all ground connections
with V-. For split-supply operation, R3 can be directly
connected to ground.

Output DC Level Control

The dc level at the output (Pin 2) is approximately the
same as the dc bias at Pin 3. In Figure 11, Figure 12 and
Figure 13, Pin 3 is biased midway between V+ and
ground, to give an output dc level of  V+/2.
Rev. 1.03
10

XR-2206
With External Adjustment:

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
Description of Controls

The harmonic content of sinusoidal output can be

reduced to -0.5% by additional adjustments as shown in
Figure 12. The potentiometer, RA, adjusts the
sine-shaping resistor, and RB provides the fine
adjustment for the waveform symmetry. The adjustment
procedure is as follows:

Frequency of Operation:
The frequency of oscillation, fo, is determined by the
external timing capacitor, C, across Pin 5 and 6, and by
the timing resistor, R, connected to either Pin 7 or 8. The
frequency is given as:

1. Set RB at midpoint and adjust RA for minimum

distortion.

f 0 + 1 Hz
RC

2. With RA set as above, adjust RB to further reduce

distortion.
and can be adjusted by varying either R or C. The
recommended values of R, for a given frequency range,
as shown in Figure 5. Temperature stability is optimum
for 4kW < R < 200kW. Recommended values of C are from
1000pF to 100mF.

Triangle Wave Generation

The circuits of Figure 11 and Figure 12 can be converted
to triangle wave generation, by simply open-circuiting Pin
13 and 14 (i.e., S1 open). Amplitude of the triangle is
approximately twice the sine wave output.

Frequency Sweep and Modulation:

Frequency of oscillation is proportional to the total timing
current, IT, drawn from Pin 7 or 8:

f+

FSK Generation

Figure 13 shows the circuit connection for sinusoidal FSK

signal operation. Mark and space frequencies can be
independently adjusted by the choice of timing resistors,
R1 and R2; the output is phase-continuous during
transitions. The keying signal is applied to Pin 9. The
circuit can be converted to split-supply operation by
simply replacing ground with V-.

320I T (mA)
Hz
C(mF)

Timing terminals (Pin 7 or 8) are low-impedance points,

and are internally biased at +3V, with respect to Pin 12.
Frequency varies linearly with IT, over a wide range of
current values, from 1mA to 3mA. The frequency can be
controlled by applying a control voltage, VC, to the
activated timing pin as shown in Figure 10. The frequency
of oscillation is related to VC as:

V
f+ 1 1 ) R 1 C
3
RC
RC

Pulse and Ramp Generation

Figure 14 shows the circuit for pulse and ramp waveform

generation. In this mode of operation, the FSK keying
terminal (Pin 9) is shorted to the square-wave output (Pin
11), and the circuit automatically frequency-shift keys
itself between two separate frequencies during the
positive-going and negative-going output waveforms.
The pulse width and duty cycle can be adjusted from 1%
to 99% by the choice of R1 and R2. The values of R1 and
R2 should be in the range of 1kW to 2MW.

Hz

where VC is in volts. The voltage-to-frequency conversion

gain, K, is given as:

K + fV C + 0.32 HzV
R CC
CAUTION: For safety operation of the circuit, IT should be
limited to  3mA.

Rev. 1.03
11

XR-2206
Output Amplitude:
Maximum output amplitude is inversely proportional to
the external resistor, R3, connected to Pin 3 (see
Figure 3). For sine wave output, amplitude is
approximately 60mV peak per kW of R3; for triangle, the
peak amplitude is approximately 160mV peak per kW of
R3. Thus, for example, R3 = 50kW would produce
approximately 13V sinusoidal output amplitude.

at Pin 1 is approximately 100kW. Output amplitude varies

linearly with the applied voltage at Pin 1, for values of dc
bias at this pin, within 14 volts of VCC/2 as shown in
Figure 6. As this bias level approaches VCC/2, the phase
of the output signal is reversed, and the amplitude goes
through zero. This property is suitable for phase-shift
keying and suppressed-carrier AM generation. Total
dynamic range of amplitude modulation is approximately
55dB.

Amplitude Modulation:

CAUTION: AM control must be used in conjunction with a

well-regulated supply, since the output amplitude now becomes
a function of VCC.

Output amplitude can be modulated by applying a dc bias

and a modulating signal to Pin 1. The internal impedance

VR

VCC

11

15 V2 5

14

16 6

13

VCC

7
6
5

8
10
VR
V1

VCC
4
IntnI.
Reg.

VR

VR
V1
V2

12
9

Figure 15. Equivalent Schematic Diagram

Rev. 1.03
12

3 2

XR-2206
16 LEAD CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE
(300 MIL CDIP)
Rev. 1.00

16

E
E1

D
A1

Base
Plane
Seating
Plane

L
e

B1

INCHES
SYMBOL

MILLIMETERS

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

0.100

0.200

2.54

5.08

A1

0.015

0.060

0.38

1.52

0.014

0.026

0.36

0.66

B1

0.045

0.065

1.14

1.65

0.008

0.018

0.20

0.46

0.740

0.840

18.80

21.34

E1

0.250

0.310

6.35

7.87

0.300 BSC

7.62 BSC

0.100 BSC

2.54 BSC

0.125

0.200

3.18

5.08

15

15

Note: The control dimension is the inch column

Rev. 1.03
13

XR-2206
16 LEAD PLASTIC DUAL-IN-LINE
(300 MIL PDIP)
Rev. 1.00

16

E1
E

D
A2
Seating
Plane

A
L

A1
B

INCHES
SYMBOL

eA
eB

B1

MILLIMETERS

MIN

MAX

MIN

MAX

0.145

0.210

3.68

5.33

A1

0.015

0.070

0.38

1.78

A2

0.115

0.195

2.92

4.95

0.014

0.024

0.36

0.56

B1

0.030

0.070

0.76

1.78

0.008

0.014

0.20

0.38

0.745

0.840

18.92

21.34

0.300

0.325

7.62

8.26

E1

0.240

0.280

6.10

7.11

0.100 BSC

2.54 BSC

eA

0.300 BSC

7.62 BSC

eB

0.310

0.430

7.87

10.92

0.115

0.160

2.92

4.06

15

15

Note: The control dimension is the inch column

Rev. 1.03
14

XR-2206
16 LEAD SMALL OUTLINE
(300 MIL JEDEC SOIC)
Rev. 1.00

16

1
8

C
A

Seating
Plane
e

A1
L

INCHES
SYMBOL

MILLIMETERS

MIN

MAX

MIN

0.093

0.104

2.35

2.65

A1

0.004

0.012

0.10

0.30

0.013

0.020

0.33

0.51

0.009

0.013

0.23

0.32

0.398

0.413

10.10

10.50

0.291

0.299

7.40

7.60

0.050 BSC

MAX

1.27 BSC

0.394

0.419

10.00

10.65

0.016

0.050

0.40

1.27

Note: The control dimension is the millimeter column

Rev. 1.03
15

XR-2206

NOTICE
EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to improve design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are
free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained here in are only for illustration purposes and may vary
depending upon a users specific application. While the information in this publication has been carefully checked;
no responsibility, however, is assumed for inaccuracies.
EXAR Corporation does not recommend the use of any of its products in life support applications where the failure or
malfunction of the product can reasonably be expected to cause failure of the life support system or to significantly
affect its safety or effectiveness. Products are not authorized for use in such applications unless EXAR Corporation
receives, in writing, assurances to its satisfaction that: (a) the risk of injury or damage has been minimized; (b) the
user assumes all such risks; (c) potential liability of EXAR Corporation is adequately protected under the circumstances.
Copyright 1972 EXAR Corporation
Datasheet June 1997
Reproduction, in part or whole, without the prior written consent of EXAR Corporation is prohibited.
Rev. 1.03
16