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    Lecture-3 Summary: Useful Signal Models

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    Thajid Ibna Rouf Uday
    This document discusses useful signal models including sinusoidal signals, complex sinusoids, exponential signals, exponentially decaying or growing sinusoids, the unit impulse function δ(t), and the unit step function u(t). It defines these signal types and provides examples of how they can be represented in both the time and frequency domains. It also discusses key properties like time constants as well as how to represent rectangular pulses and time-limited signals using the unit step function.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture-3 Summary: Useful Signal Models

    Uploaded by

    Thajid Ibna Rouf Uday
    36 views3 pages
    This document discusses useful signal models including sinusoidal signals, complex sinusoids, exponential signals, exponentially decaying or growing sinusoids, the unit impulse function δ(t), and the unit step function u(t). It defines these signal types and provides examples of how they can be represented in both the time and frequency domains. It also discusses key properties like time constants as well as how to represent rectangular pulses and time-limited signals using the unit step function.

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    united international university

    Original Title

    Signal Lecture 3 Summary Fall 2013 UIU

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    This document discusses useful signal models including sinusoidal signals, complex sinusoids, exponential signals, exponentially decaying or growing sinusoids, the unit impulse function δ(t), and the unit step function u(t). It defines these signal types and provides examples of how they can be represented in both the time and frequency domains. It also discusses key properties like time constants as well as how to represent rectangular pulses and time-limited signals using the unit step function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views3 pages

    Lecture-3 Summary: Useful Signal Models

    Uploaded by

    Thajid Ibna Rouf Uday
    This document discusses useful signal models including sinusoidal signals, complex sinusoids, exponential signals, exponentially decaying or growing sinusoids, the unit impulse function δ(t), and the unit step function u(t). It defines these signal types and provides examples of how they can be represented in both the time and frequency domains. It also discusses key properties like time constants as well as how to represent rectangular pulses and time-limited signals using the unit step function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Lecture-3, EEE 211, Signals and Linear Systems

    Lecture-3 Summary
    Useful Signal Models
    Sinusoidal Signal
    f(t) = Acos(2ft + ) = Acos(t + ) with
    0
    = 2f. The time-domain and frequency-
    domain representation of such signal has been discussion in Lecture 1. Note that using
    Eulers theorem we can write f(t) =
    A
    2
    e
    j2ft
    e
    j
    +
    A
    2
    e
    j2ft
    e
    j
    .
    Complex sinusoid
    f(t) = Be
    j(2ft+)
    = Be
    j(t+)
    is an example of a complex sinusoid with frequency f or ,
    amplitude B and phase .
    Exponential Signal
    f(t) = Ae
    at
    is an example of exponential signal. If a < 0, the signal is decaying and if a > 0
    the signal is growing.
    t
    1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0
    40
    20
    20
    40
    10e
    5t
    10e
    2t
    1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0
    40
    20
    20
    40
    t
    10e
    5t
    10e
    2t
    Decaying Exponential
    Growing Exponential
    Figure 1: Exponential Function
    Time Constant:
    Time constant related with exponential signal is dened by TC = 1/|a| which implies there
    36.8% drop of the functional value of exponential signal at the time interval given by the
    Page 1 of 3
    Lecture-3, EEE 211, Signals and Linear Systems
    time constant.
    Exponentially Decaying or Growing Sinusoid
    f(t) = Ae
    at
    cos(t + ) is the example of decaying or growing sinusoid depending on a < 0
    or a > 0, respectively.
    1 1 2 3 4 5
    6
    4
    2
    2
    4
    6
    Exponentially Decaying Sinusoid
    1.5e
    2t
    cos(4t)
    1.5e
    2t
    1.5e
    2t
    5 4 3 2 1 1
    6
    4
    2
    2
    4
    6
    Exponentially Growing Sinusoid
    1.5e
    2t
    1.5e
    2t
    1.5e
    2t
    cos(4t)
    Figure 2: Decaying and Growing Sinusoid
    Unit impulse function (t)
    Impulse function is dened by the following two equations:
    (t) = 0, t = 0 (1)

    (t)dt = 1 (2)
    Above equations imply (t) is zero everywhere accept at t = 0 where it has high magnitude
    such that its area becomes unity. (t t
    0
    ) is located at t = t
    0
    and (t + t
    0
    ) is located at
    t = t
    0
    .
    Main Properties of (t):
    1. f(t)(t t
    0
    ) = f(t
    0
    )(t t
    0
    )
    2. sifting property

    t
    2
    t
    1
    f(t)(t t
    0
    )dt = f(t
    0
    ), if t
    1
    t
    0
    t
    2
    , otherwise zero.
    Page 2 of 3
    Lecture-3, EEE 211, Signals and Linear Systems
    Unit Step Function u(t)
    Representation of a rectangular pulse starting from 0 sec. and ends at T sec. with amplitude
    A is given by p(t) = A[u(t) u(t T)]. Therefore any rectangular pulse starting from t
    0
    sec.
    and ends at t
    1
    sec. with amplitude A is given by p(t) = A[u(t t
    0
    ) u(t t
    1
    )]
    Practice Problem
    Exercise: (page 72)E1.9, E1.10, Problems: (page 99,100) 1.4-4, 1.4-5
    Representation of time limited signals in terms of u(t). Example: (page 68- 69) , 1.6,
    1.7, Exercise (page 69) E1.7, E1.8, Problems page 99 1.4-1, 1.4-2
    Page 3 of 3

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