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    Automatic Street Light Control System

    Uploaded by

    Mahathir Ahmad
    This document describes an automatic street light control system that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) and transistor to automatically turn street lights on and off. It works by using an LDR, which changes resistance based on light levels, and a transistor switch to control power to the lights. When it gets dark, the higher resistance of the LDR causes the transistor to turn on the lights. When it gets light, the lower LDR resistance turns the lights off to save energy. The system helps reduce energy use compared to manual control.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Automatic Street Light Control System

    Uploaded by

    Mahathir Ahmad
    1K views10 pages
    This document describes an automatic street light control system that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) and transistor to automatically turn street lights on and off. It works by using an LDR, which changes resistance based on light levels, and a transistor switch to control power to the lights. When it gets dark, the higher resistance of the LDR causes the transistor to turn on the lights. When it gets light, the lower LDR resistance turns the lights off to save energy. The system helps reduce energy use compared to manual control.

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    This document describes an automatic street light control system that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) and transistor to automatically turn street lights on and off. It works by using an LDR, which changes resistance based on light levels, and a transistor switch to control power to the lights. When it gets dark, the higher resistance of the LDR causes the transistor to turn on the lights. When it gets light, the lower LDR resistance turns the lights off to save energy. The system helps reduce energy use compared to manual control.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views10 pages

    Automatic Street Light Control System

    Uploaded by

    Mahathir Ahmad
    This document describes an automatic street light control system that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) and transistor to automatically turn street lights on and off. It works by using an LDR, which changes resistance based on light levels, and a transistor switch to control power to the lights. When it gets dark, the higher resistance of the LDR causes the transistor to turn on the lights. When it gets light, the lower LDR resistance turns the lights off to save energy. The system helps reduce energy use compared to manual control.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Automatic Street Light Control System (Sensor using LDR & Transistor BC 547)

    Briefing:


    Her is our new simple Electrical/ Electronics project about Automatic Street Light
    Control System.
    It is a simple and powerful concept, which uses transistor (BC 547 NPN) as a
    switch to switch ON and OFF the street light system automatically.
    It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible
    region of our eyes. (e.g in evening after Sunset).
    It automatically switches OFF lights when Sunlight fall on it ( i.e on LDR ) e.g
    in morning, by using a sensor called LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) which
    senses the light just like our eyes.
    Advantages:

    By using this Automatic system for street light controlling, we can reduce
    energy consumption because the manually operated street lights are not
    switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier
    before sunset.
    In sunny and rainy days, ON and OFF time differ noticeably which is one of the
    major disadvantage of using timer circuits or manual operation for switching
    the street light system.


    Requirements
    LDR Light Dependent Resistor
    Take 2 transistors. (NPN transistor- BC547 or BC147 or BC548)
    Resistor- 1K, 330Ohm, 470 ohm
    Light emitting diode (LED) - Any color
    Connecting wires- Use single-core plastic-coated wire of 0.6mm diameter (the
    standard size)-You can use wire that is used for Computer Networking.
    Power supply-6V or 9V





    Procedure
    Insert first transistor Q1-BC547 (NPN) on breadboard (or general PCB) as shown in
    the circuit diagram 1.
    Connect another transistor Q2- BC547 (NPN) on breadboard as in step 1.
    Connect wires across emitter pin of both transistors and ve terminal of battery
    (lowest/ bottom row of breadboard.)
    Connect a wire across Collector pin of transistor Q1 and Base pin of transistor Q2.
    Connect a resistor 1K across positive terminal of battery (topmost row of breadboard)
    and Collector pin of transistor Q1.
    Connect Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) across positive terminal of battery (topmost
    row of breadboard) and base terminal of transistor Q1.
    insert a resistor- 330 Ohm across base pin of transistor Q1 and negative terminal of
    battery (lowest bottom row of breadboard).
    Connect a resistor 330R across positive terminal of battery (topmost row of
    breadboard) and anode terminal of LED (Light emitting diode) & Connect the cathode
    terminal of LED to Collector pin of transistor Q2.


    The simple circuit is ready for testing now. Connect 6V battery terminals to the circuit as
    show in figand see the output. As you block light falling on Light dependent
    resistor (LDR), the LED glows.

    LED GLOWS EVEN IN LESS DARKNESS. Use torch light or Lighter if the LED glows in
    less darkness. in addition, you can try to adjust the sensitivity of this circuit by using a
    variable resistor in place of R1-300Ohm. Try this circuit with other resistances as well,
    (e.g, 1K, 10K and 100K, etc)


























    Requirements:



















    Circuit Diagram 1.Automatic Street Light Control System.(Sensor using LDR &
    Transistor BC 547.) Very Simple. We have tried this one in this tutorial bu you can also
    try the second one


    Circuit Diagram 2 .Automatic Street Light Control System.(Sensor using LDR &
    Transistor BC 547.) Very Simple.






    As Light is falling on LDR ( Light Dependent resistor) So LED does not glow. ( LED =
    Off) Image Taken Our from Video


    You can see now that we have blocked light falling on Light dependent resistor (LDR),
    so the LED glows ( LED = ON) Image Taken Out from Video







    WHAT IS LDR?



    A photo resistor or light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photocell is a light-controlled
    variable resistor. The resistance of a photo resistor decreases with increasing incident
    light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photo resistor can be
    applied in light-sensitive detector circuits, and light- and dark-activated switching
    circuits.
    A photo resistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. In the dark, a photo
    resistor can have a resistance as high as a few mega ohms (M), while in the light, a
    photo resistor can have a resistance as low as a few hundred ohms. If incident light on
    a photo resistor exceeds a certain frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor
    give bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The resulting
    free electrons (and its hole partners) conduct electricity, thereby lowering resistance.
    The resistance range and sensitivity of a photo resistor can substantially differ among
    dissimilar devices. Moreover, unique photo resistors may react substantially differently
    to photons within certain wavelength bands.
    A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An intrinsic semiconductor has
    its own charge carriers and is not an efficient semiconductor, for example, silicon. In
    intrinsic devices the only available electrons are in the valence band, and hence the
    photon must have enough energy to excite the electron across the entire band gap.
    Extrinsic devices have impurities, also called do-pants, added whose ground state
    energy is closer to the conduction band; since the electrons do not have as far to jump,
    lower energy photons (that is, longer wavelengths and lower frequencies) are sufficient
    to trigger the device. If a sample of silicon has some of its atoms replaced by
    phosphorus atoms (impurities), there will be extra electrons available for conduction.
    This is an example of an extrinsic semiconductor.

    Figure 1 Figure 2


    Figure 1: The symbol for a photo resistor
    Figure 2: The internal components of a photoelectric control for a typical American streetlight. The photo resistor is facing rightwards, and controls
    whether current flows through the heater which opens the main power contacts. At night, the heater cools, closing the power contacts, energizing the
    street light.





    Figure: DEPENDANT RESISTOR

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