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    Loran Navigation System

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    chillness
    LORAN is a terrestrial radio navigation system that uses low frequency radio signals transmitted from fixed land-based stations to enable ships and aircraft to determine their position. It was developed in the United States as an advancement of the British GEE system. LORAN stations operate in synchronized groups, with one station designated as the master and others as secondary. A receiver calculates the time difference between signals from the master and secondary stations to determine its position along a hyperbolic line. While LORAN provided global coverage and worked in all weather, it suffered from interference from atmospheric conditions and only covered certain regions, unlike the satellite-based GPS system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Loran Navigation System

    Uploaded by

    chillness
    236 views11 pages
    LORAN is a terrestrial radio navigation system that uses low frequency radio signals transmitted from fixed land-based stations to enable ships and aircraft to determine their position. It was developed in the United States as an advancement of the British GEE system. LORAN stations operate in synchronized groups, with one station designated as the master and others as secondary. A receiver calculates the time difference between signals from the master and secondary stations to determine its position along a hyperbolic line. While LORAN provided global coverage and worked in all weather, it suffered from interference from atmospheric conditions and only covered certain regions, unlike the satellite-based GPS system.

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    Navigation: Loran

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    LORAN is a terrestrial radio navigation system that uses low frequency radio signals transmitted from fixed land-based stations to enable ships and aircraft to determine their position. It was developed in the United States as an advancement of the British GEE system. LORAN stations operate in synchronized groups, with one station designated as the master and others as secondary. A receiver calculates the time difference between signals from the master and secondary stations to determine its position along a hyperbolic line. While LORAN provided global coverage and worked in all weather, it suffered from interference from atmospheric conditions and only covered certain regions, unlike the satellite-based GPS system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    236 views11 pages

    Loran Navigation System

    Uploaded by

    chillness
    LORAN is a terrestrial radio navigation system that uses low frequency radio signals transmitted from fixed land-based stations to enable ships and aircraft to determine their position. It was developed in the United States as an advancement of the British GEE system. LORAN stations operate in synchronized groups, with one station designated as the master and others as secondary. A receiver calculates the time difference between signals from the master and secondary stations to determine its position along a hyperbolic line. While LORAN provided global coverage and worked in all weather, it suffered from interference from atmospheric conditions and only covered certain regions, unlike the satellite-based GPS system.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LORAN

    Navigation
    LORAN NAVIGATION
    SYSTEM
    is a terrestrial radio navigation
    system which enales shi!s and
    aircra"t to determine their !osition
    "rom low "re#$ency radio signals
    transmitted y "i%ed land ased radio
    eacons&
    'ISTORY

    LORAN was an American develo!ment( advancing


    the technology o" the*ritishGEEradio
    navigationsystem that was $sed early in+orld +ar
    II& +hile GEE had a range o" ao$t ,-- miles
    ./,,0m1( initial LORAN systems had a range o"
    2(3-- miles .2(45-0m1&

    It originally was 0nown as 6LRN6 "orLoomis Radio


    Navigation( a"terAl"red Lee Loomis( who invented
    the longer range system and !layed a cr$cial role in
    military research and develo!ment d$ring+orld +ar
    II( $t later was renamed to the areviation "or the
    more descri!tive term&

    In R$ssia( LORAN is called 7'AY8A&


    9rinci!le

    Thenavigational method!rovided y LORAN is


    ased on meas$ring the time di""erence etween
    the recei!t o"signals"rom a !air
    o"radiotransmitters& A given constant time
    di""erence etween the signals "rom the two
    stations can e re!resented y ahy!erolicline o"
    !osition.LO91&

    I" the !ositions o" the two synchroni:ed stations are


    0nown( then the !osition o" thereceivercan e
    determined as eing somewhere on a !artic$lar
    hy!erolic c$rve where the time di""erence etween
    the received signals is constant& In ideal conditions(
    this is !ro!ortionally e#$ivalent to the di""erence o"
    thedistances"rom the receiver to each o" the two
    stations&
    O9ERATION
    LORAN Stations O!erations are organi:ed into s$;gro$!s o"
    "o$r to si% stations called 6 7'AIN <&One station in the 7hain is
    designated the 6 MASTER 6 and others are called 6
    SE7ON=ARY 6 or 6 SLAVE 6 Stations&

    The theory is to calc$late the time etween rece!tion o" the


    signals "rom the MASTER and SLAVE stations( which are
    emitted at di""erent "re#$encies ( at low or very low ands
    4-0': ; 22- 0':& in !$lse gro$! and has !ower o" ,-- ; 2/--
    0ilowatts& The master station emits its own signal "irst( when
    that signals reach the slave station ( it emits its own signal
    a"ter a !redetermined delay& +hen the master station>s signal
    reaches the aircra"t ( its Navigation system co$nts the time
    $ntil the slave station>s signal arrives& Yo$r !osition is "o$nd
    as the intersection o" the line o" two LORAN stations&

    Signal Processor ; receives the


    signals and meas$res the di""erence
    etween the time o" arrival o" each
    secondary station !$lse gro$! and the
    master station !$lse gro$!& time
    di""erence val$e is meas$red to a
    !recision o" ao$t -&2 microseconds&

    Navigation Computer

    Control and Display


    LORAN ?NIT
    Other loran systems

    LORAN @ A

    LORAN @ *

    LORAN @ 7

    eLORAN
    There are three maAor "actors when
    considering signal delay and!ro!agationin
    relation to LORANB
    9rimary 9hase Cactor .9C1@ This allows "or the "act that the s!eed o"
    the !ro!agated signal in the atmos!here is slightly lower than in a
    vac$$m&
    Secondary 9hase Cactor .SC1@ This allows "or the "act that the s!eed
    o" !ro!agation o" the signal is slowed when traveling over the
    seawater eca$se o" the lower cond$ctivity o" seawater com!ared
    to land&
    Additional Secondary Cactors .ASC1@ *eca$se LORAN;7 transmitters
    are mainly land ased( the signal will travel !artly over land and
    !artly over seawater& ASC may e treated as land and water
    segments( each with a $ni"orm cond$ctivity de!ending on whether
    the !ath is over land or water&

    Terrestrial Long
    Range Navigation

    Land ased radio


    transmitter

    $ses low "re#$ency


    radio transmitters
    in many
    de!loyments so as
    to determine the
    location

    Geo 9ositioning
    Satellite

    Satellite

    !rovides location as
    well as time
    in"ormation in all
    weather( on the
    Earth thro$gh the
    G9S satellites&
    LORAN vs G9S
    =ISA=VANTAGE
    LORAN s$""ers "rom electronic e""ects o" weather and the
    ionos!heric e""ects o" s$nrise and s$nset& At night the
    indirects0y wave( ent ac0 to the s$r"ace y
    theionos!here( is a !rolem as m$lti!le signals may arrive
    via di""erent !aths .m$lti!ath inter"erence1& The
    ionos!here>s reaction to s$nrise and s$nset acco$nts "or
    the !artic$lar dist$rance d$ring those !eriods&Magnetic
    stormshave serio$s e""ects as with any radio ased
    system&
    LORAN $ses gro$nd ased transmitters that only cover
    certain regions&

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