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    Basic Dfwmac

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    Dinesh Kumar P
    The document summarizes the basic access mechanism of IEEE 802.11, known as carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). It describes how nodes use random backoff times and carrier sensing to access the shared medium in a distributed manner to avoid collisions. It also discusses two optional extensions: RTS/CTS to deal with the hidden terminal problem, and fragmentation to reduce frame error rates by using shorter frames. Finally, it introduces polling-based point coordination function (PCF) which uses a polling access point to provide time-bounded services.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Basic Dfwmac

    Uploaded by

    Dinesh Kumar P
    184 views6 pages
    The document summarizes the basic access mechanism of IEEE 802.11, known as carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). It describes how nodes use random backoff times and carrier sensing to access the shared medium in a distributed manner to avoid collisions. It also discusses two optional extensions: RTS/CTS to deal with the hidden terminal problem, and fragmentation to reduce frame error rates by using shorter frames. Finally, it introduces polling-based point coordination function (PCF) which uses a polling access point to provide time-bounded services.

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    DFWMAC

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    The document summarizes the basic access mechanism of IEEE 802.11, known as carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). It describes how nodes use random backoff times and carrier sensing to access the shared medium in a distributed manner to avoid collisions. It also discusses two optional extensions: RTS/CTS to deal with the hidden terminal problem, and fragmentation to reduce frame error rates by using shorter frames. Finally, it introduces polling-based point coordination function (PCF) which uses a polling access point to provide time-bounded services.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    184 views6 pages

    Basic Dfwmac

    Uploaded by

    Dinesh Kumar P
    The document summarizes the basic access mechanism of IEEE 802.11, known as carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). It describes how nodes use random backoff times and carrier sensing to access the shared medium in a distributed manner to avoid collisions. It also discusses two optional extensions: RTS/CTS to deal with the hidden terminal problem, and fragmentation to reduce frame error rates by using shorter frames. Finally, it introduces polling-based point coordination function (PCF) which uses a polling access point to provide time-bounded services.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Basic DFWMAC-DCF using CSMA/CA:

    The mandatory access mechanism of IEEE 802.11 is based


    on carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance
    (CSMA/CA) !hich is a random access scheme !ith carrier
    sense and co""ision a#oidance thro$%h random bac&off.
    If the medi$m is id"e for at "east the d$ration of 'I(S (!ith
    the he") of the CCA si%na" of the )hysica" "ayer) a node can
    access the medi$m at once.
    If the medi$m is b$sy nodes ha#e to !ait for the d$ration of
    'I(S enterin% a contention )hase after!ards.
    Each node no! chooses a random baco!! time !ithin a
    contention window and de"ays medi$m access for this
    random amo$nt of time.
    The node contin$es to sense the medi$m.
    As soon as a node senses the channe" is b$sy it has "ost this
    cyc"e and has to !ait for the ne*t chance i.e. $nti" the
    medi$m is id"e a%ain for at "east 'I(S.
    +$t if the randomi,ed additiona" !aitin% time for a node is
    o#er and the medi$m is sti"" id"e the node can access the
    medi$m immediate"y
    1
    The contention !indo! starts !ith a si,e of e.%. C-min .
    /.
    Each time a co""ision occ$rs indicatin% a hi%her "oad on the
    medi$m the contention !indo! do$b"es $) to a ma*im$m
    of e.%. C-ma* . 200 (the !indo! can ta&e on the #a"$es
    / 10 11 21 12/ and 200).
    The "ar%er the contention !indo! is the %reater is the
    reso"$tion )o!er of the randomi,ed scheme.
    -hi"e this )rocess describes the com)"ete access mechanism
    for broadcast frames an additiona" feat$re is )ro#ided by
    the standard for $nicast data transfer.
    'ia%ram sho!s a sender accessin% the medi$m and sendin%
    its data. +$t no! the recei#er ans!ers direct"y !ith an
    acnowledgement "AC#$.
    2
    DFWMAC-DCF with %&S/C&S e'tension:
    3idden termina" )rob"em occ$rs if one station can recei#e
    t!o others b$t those stations cannot recei#e each other.
    The t!o stations may sense the channe" is id"e send a frame
    and ca$se a co""ision at the recei#er in the midd"e.
    To dea" !ith this )rob"em the standard defines an additiona"
    mechanism $sin% t!o contro" )ac&ets 4TS and CTS.
    The $se of the mechanism is o)tiona"5 ho!e#er e#ery
    802.11 node has to im)"ement the f$nctions to react )ro)er"y
    $)on rece)tion of 4TS/CTS contro" )ac&ets.
    After !aitin% for 'I(S ()"$s a random bac&off time if the
    medi$m !as b$sy) the sender can iss$e a re(uest to send
    "%&S$ contro" )ac&et.
    The 4TS )ac&et inc"$des the recei#er of the data
    transmission to come and the d$ration of the !ho"e data
    transmission.
    3
    E#ery node recei#in% this 4TS no! has to set its net
    allocation vector ")A*$ in accordance !ith the d$ration
    fie"d.
    If the recei#er of the data transmission recei#es the 4TS it
    ans!ers !ith a clear to send "C&S$ messa%e after !aitin%
    for SI(S.
    This CTS )ac&et contains the d$ration fie"d a%ain and a""
    stations recei#in% this )ac&et from the recei#er of the
    intended data transmission ha#e to ad6$st their 7A8.
    9ne !ay to decrease the error )robabi"ity of frames is to $se
    shorter frames.
    In this case the bit error rate is the same b$t no! on"y short
    frames are destroyed and the frame error rate decreases.
    The IEEE 802.11 standard s)ecifies a !ragmentation mode
    4
    DFWMAC-+CF with polling:
    The t!o access mechanisms )resented so far cannot
    %$arantee a ma*im$m access de"ay or minim$m
    transmission band!idth.
    To )ro#ide a time:bo$nded ser#ice the standard s)ecifies a
    point coordination !unction "+CF$ on to) of the standard
    'C( mechanisms.
    ;sin% <C( re=$ires an access )oint that contro"s medi$m
    access and )o""s the sin%"e nodes.
    The point co-ordinator in the access )oint s)"its the access
    time into s$)er frame )eriods
    A super !rame com)rises a contention !ree period and a
    contention period.
    5
    6

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