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Taxation 2005 1
September 6, 1999
REVENUE REGULATIONS NO. 12-99
SUBJECT : Implementing the Provisions of the National Internal Revenue
Code of 1997 Governing the Rules on Assessment of National
Internal Revenue Taxes, Civil Penalties and Interest and the
Extra-fudicial Settlement of a Taxpavers Criminal Jiolation
of the Code Through Pavment of a Suggested Compromise
Penaltv
TO : All Internal Revenue Officers and Others Concerned
SECTION 1. Scope. Pursuant to the provisions oI Section 244, in
relation to Section 245 oI the National Internal Revenue Code oI 1997, these
Regulations are hereby promulgated to implement the provisions oI Sections 6, 7,
204, 228, 247, 248 and 249 on assessment oI national internal revenue taxes, Iees and
charges and to provide the rules governing the extra-judicial settlement oI a taxpayer's
criminal violation oI the said Code or any oI its implementing Regulations through
payment oI a suggested compromise penalty.
SECTION 2. General Principles.
2.1 The surcharge and/or interest herein prescribed shall apply to all
taxes, Iees and charges imposed under the Code which shall be
collected at the same time, in the same manner, and as part oI the
tax. cdasia
2.2 In case the tax due Irom the taxpayer is paid on a partial or
installment basis, the interest on the deIiciency tax or on the
delinquency tax liability oI the taxpayer shall be imposed Irom due
date oI the tax until Iull payment thereoI. The interest shall be
computed based on the diminishing balance oI the tax, inclusive oI
interests.
SECTION 3. Due Process Requirement in the Issuance of a Deficiencv
Tax Assessment.
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3.1 Mode oI procedures in the issuance oI a deIiciency tax assessment:
3.1.1 Notice for informal conference. The Revenue OIIicer who audited the
taxpayer's records shall, among others, state in his report whether or not the taxpayer
agrees with his Iindings that the taxpayer is liable Ior deIiciency tax or taxes. II the
taxpayer is not amenable, based on the said OIIicer's submitted report oI
investigation, the taxpayer shall be inIormed, in writing, by the Revenue District
OIIice or by the Special Investigation Division, as the case may be (in the case
Revenue Regional OIIices) or by the ChieI oI Division concerned (in the case oI the
BIR National OIIice) oI the discrepancy or discrepancies in the taxpayer's payment oI
his internal revenue taxes, Ior the purpose oI "InIormal ConIerence," in order to
aIIord the taxpayer with an opportunity to present his side oI the case. II the taxpayer
Iails to respond within IiIteen (15) days Irom date oI receipt oI the notice Ior inIormal
conIerence, he shall be considered in deIault, in which case, the Revenue District
OIIicer or the ChieI oI the Special Investigation Division oI the Revenue Regional
OIIice, or the ChieI oI Division in the National OIIice, as the case may be, shall
endorse the case with the least possible delay to the Assessment Division oI the
Revenue Regional OIIice or to the Commissioner or his duly authorized
representative, as the case may be, Ior appropriate review and issuance oI a deIiciency
tax assessment, iI warranted.
3.1.2 Preliminarv Assessment Notice (PAN). II aIter review and evaluation
by the Assessment Division or by the Commissioner or his duly authorized
representative, as the case may be, it is determined that there exists suIIicient basis to
assess the taxpayer Ior any deIiciency tax or taxes, the said OIIice shall issue to the
taxpayer, at least by registered mail, a Preliminary Assessment Notice (PAN) Ior the
proposed assessment, showing in detail, the Iacts and the law, rules and regulations,
or jurisprudence on which the proposed assessment is based (see illustration in
ANNEX A hereoI). II the taxpayer Iails to respond within IiIteen (15) days Irom date
oI receipt oI the PAN, he shall be considered in deIault, in which case, a Iormal letter
oI demand and assessment notice shall be caused to be issued by the said OIIice,
calling Ior payment oI the taxpayer's deIiciency tax liability, inclusive oI the
applicable penalties. LibLex
3.1.3 Exceptions to Prior Notice of the Assessment. The notice Ior inIormal
conIerence and the preliminary assessment notice shall not be required in any oI the
Iollowing cases, in which case, issuance oI the Iormal assessment notice Ior the
payment oI the taxpayer's deIiciency tax liability shall be suIIicient:
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 3
(i) When the Iinding Ior any deIiciency tax is the result oI
mathematical error in the computation oI the tax appearing on the
Iace oI the tax return Iiled by the taxpayer; or
(ii) When a discrepancy has been determined between the tax withheld
and the amount actually remitted by the withholding agent; or
(iii) When a taxpayer who opted to claim a reIund or tax credit oI
excess creditable withholding tax Ior a taxable period was
determined to have carried over and automatically applied the
same amount claimed against the estimated tax liabilities Ior the
taxable quarter or quarters oI the succeeding taxable year; or
(iv) When the excise tax due on excisable articles has not been paid; or
(v) When an article locally purchased or imported by an exempt
person, such as, but not limited to, vehicles, capital equipment,
machineries and spare parts, has been sold, traded or transIerred to
non-exempt persons.
3.1.4 Formal Letter of Demand and Assessment Notice. The Iormal letter oI
demand and assessment notice shall be issued by the Commissioner or his duly
authorized representative. The letter oI demand calling Ior payment oI the taxpayer's
deIiciency tax or taxes shall state the Iacts, the law, rules and regulations, or
jurisprudence on which the assessment is based, otherwise, the formal letter of
demand and assessment notice shall be void (see illustration in ANNEX B hereoI).
The same shall be sent to the taxpayer only by registered mail or by personal delivery.
II sent by personal delivery, the taxpayer or his duly authorized representative shall
acknowledge receipt thereoI in the duplicate copy oI the letter oI demand, showing
the Iollowing: (a) His name; (b) signature; (c) designation and authority to act Ior and
in behalI oI the taxpayer, iI acknowledged received by a person other than the
taxpayer himselI; and (d) date oI receipt thereoI.
3.1.5 Disputed Assessment. The taxpayer or his duly authorized
representative may protest administratively against the aIoresaid Iormal letter oI
demand and assessment notice within thirty (30) days Irom date oI receipt thereoI. II
there are several issues involved in the Iormal letter oI demand and assessment notice
but the taxpayer only disputes or protests against the validity oI some oI the issues
raised, the taxpayer shall be required to pay the deIiciency tax or taxes attributable to
the undisputed issues, in which case, a collection letter shall be issued to the taxpayer
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calling Ior payment oI the said deIiciency tax, inclusive oI the applicable surcharge
and/or interest. No action shall be taken on the taxpayer's disputed issues until the
taxpayer has paid the deIiciency tax or taxes attributable to the said undisputed issues.
The prescriptive period Ior assessment or collection oI the tax or taxes attributable to
the disputed issues shall be suspended. llcd
The taxpayer shall state the Iacts, the applicable law, rules and regulations, or
jurisprudence on which his protest is based, otherwise, his protest shall be considered
void and without force and effect. II there are several issues involved in the disputed
assessment and the taxpayer Iails to state the Iacts, the applicable law, rules and
regulations, or jurisprudence in support oI his protest against some oI the several
issues on which the assessment is based, the same shall be considered undisputed
issue or issues, in which case, the taxpayer shall be required to pay the corresponding
deIiciency tax or taxes attributable thereto.
The taxpayer shall submit the required documents in support oI his protest
within sixty (60) days Irom date oI Iiling oI his letter oI protest, otherwise, the
assessment shall become Iinal, executory and demandable. The phrase "submit the
required documents" includes submission or presentation oI the pertinent documents
Ior scrutiny and evaluation by the Revenue OIIicer conducting the audit. The said
Revenue OIIicer shall state this Iact in his report oI investigation.
II the taxpayer Iails to Iile a valid protest against the Iormal letter oI demand
and assessment notice within thirty (30) days Irom date oI receipt thereoI, the
assessment shall become Iinal, executory and demandable.
II the protest is denied, in whole or in part, by the Commissioner, the taxpayer
may appeal to the Court oI Tax Appeals within thirty (30) days Irom date oI receipt oI
the said decision, otherwise, the assessment shall become Iinal, executory and
demandable.
In general, iI the protest is denied, in whole or in part, by the Commissioner or
his duly authorized representative, the taxpayer may appeal to the Court oI Tax
Appeals within thirty (30) days Irom date oI receipt oI the said decision, otherwise,
the assessment shall become Iinal, executory and demandable: Provided, however,
that iI the taxpayer elevates his protest to the Commissioner within thirty (30) days
Irom date oI receipt oI the Iinal decision oI the Commissioner's duly authorized
representative, the latter's decision shall not be considered Iinal, executory and
demandable, in which case, the protest shall be decided by the Commissioner. cdtai
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II the Commissioner or his duly authorized representative Iails to act on the
taxpayer's protest within one hundred eighty (180) days Irom date oI submission, by
the taxpayer, oI the required documents in support oI his protest, the taxpayer may
appeal to the Court oI Tax Appeals within thirty (30) days Irom the lapse oI the said
180-day period, otherwise, the assessment shall become Iinal, executory and
demandable.
3.1.6 Administrative Decision on a Disputed Assessment. The decision oI
the Commissioner or his duly authorized representative shall (a) state the Iacts, the
applicable law, rules and regulations, or jurisprudence on which such decision is
based, otherwise, the decision shall be void (see illustration in ANNEX C hereoI), in
which case, the same shall not be considered a decision on a disputed assessment; and
(b) that the same is his final decision.
3.1.7 Constructive Service. II the notice to the taxpayer herein required is
served by registered mail, and no response is received Irom the taxpayer within the
prescribed period Irom date oI the posting thereoI in the mail, the same shall be
considered actually or constructively received by the taxpayer. II the same is
personally served on the taxpayer or his duly authorized representative who, however,
reIused to acknowledge receipt thereoI, the same shall be constructively served on the
taxpayer. Constructive service thereoI shall be considered eIIected by leaving the
same in the premises oI the taxpayer and this Iact oI constructive service is attested to,
witnessed and signed by at least two (2) revenue oIIicers other than the revenue
oIIicer who constructively served the same. The revenue oIIicer who constructively
served the same shall make a written report oI this matter which shall Iorm part oI the
docket oI this case (see illustration in ANNEX D hereoI).
SECTION 4. Civil Penalties.
4.1 Twentv-Five Percent (25) Surcharge. There shall be imposed, in
addition to the basic tax required to be paid, a penalty equivalent to twenty-Iive
percent (25) thereoI, in any the Iollowing cases:
4.1.1 Failure to Iile any return and pay the tax due thereon as required
under the provisions oI this Code or rules and regulations on the
date prescribed; or
4.1.2 Unless otherwise authorized by the Commissioner, Iiling a return
with an internal revenue oIIicer other than those with whom the
return is required to be Iiled; or
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 6
4.1.3 Failure to pay the deIiciency tax within the time prescribed Ior its
payment in the notice oI assessment; or
4.1.4 Failure to pay the Iull or part oI the amount oI tax shown on any
return required to be Iiled under the provisions oI this Code or
rules and regulations, or the Iull amount oI tax due Ior which no
return is required to be Iiled, on or beIore the date prescribed Ior
its payment. cdasia
4.2 Fiftv Percent (50) Surcharge:
4.2.1 In case oI willIul neglect to Iile the return within the period
prescribed by the Code, or in case a Ialse or Iraudulent return is
willIully made, the penalty to be imposed shall be IiIty percent
(50) oI the tax or oI the deIiciency tax, in case any payment has
been made on the basis oI such return beIore the discovery oI the
Ialsity or Iraud: Provided, That a substantial underdeclaration oI
taxable sales, receipts or income, or a substantial overstatement oI
deductions, as determined by the Commissioner or his duly
authorized representative, shall constitute prima facie evidence oI
a Ialse or Iraudulent return: Provided, further, That Iailure to
report sales, receipts or income in an amount exceeding thirty
percent (30) oI that declared per return, and a claim oI
deductions in an amount exceeding thirty percent (30) oI actual
deductions, shall render the taxpayer liable Ior substantial
underdeclaration oI sales, receipts or income or Ior overstatement
oI deductions, as mentioned herein: Provided, Iurther, that the term
"willful neglect to file the return within the period prescribed bv
the Code" shall not apply in case the taxpayer, without notice Irom
the Commissioner or his authorized representative, voluntarily
Iiles the said return, in which case, only 25 surcharge shall be
imposed Ior late Iiling and late payment oI the tax in lieu oI the
above 50 surcharge. Conversely, the 50 surcharge shall be
imposed in case the taxpayer Iiles the return only aIter prior notice
in writing Irom the Commissioner or his duly authorized
representative.
4.2.2 Section 6 (A) oI the Code provides that any tax return Iiled by a
taxpayer "mav be modified, changed or amended" by the taxpayer
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 7
"within three (3) vears from date of such filing" provided,
however, that "no notice for audit or investigation of such return,
statement or declaration has, in the meantime, been actuallv
served upon the taxpaver." Thus, iI upon investigation, it is
determined that the taxpayer's originally Iiled tax return is Ialse or
Iraudulent, such taxpayer shall remain liable to the 50 civil
penalty regardless that the taxpayer has Iiled his amended tax
return, iI the said amended tax return, however, has been Iiled only
aIter issuance oI the Letter oI Authority Ior the investigation oI the
taxpayer's tax return or such amendment has been made in the
course oI the said investigation. cda
SECTION 5. Mode of Procedures in Computing for the Tax and/or
Applicable Surcharge. Shown hereunder are illustrative cases Ior the computation
and assessment oI the tax, inclusive oI surcharge (iI applicable) and interest:
5.1 Late filing and late pavment of the tax. Illustration: Income tax
return Ior the calendar year 1998 was due Ior Iiling on April 15, 1999 but the
taxpayer voluntarily Iiled his tax return, without notice Irom the BIR, only on
June 30, 1999. The tax due per return amounts to P100,000. In this case, the
taxpayer shall be liable Ior delinquency penalties consisting oI 25 surcharge,
plus 20 interest per annum, computed Irom due date oI the tax until date oI
payment, computed as Iollows:
Calendar Year 1998
Income tax due per return P100,000.00
Add: 25 surcharge Ior late Iiling and late
payment (P100,000.00 times 25) P25,000.00
20 int. p.a. Irom 4-15-99 to 6-30-99
(P100,000.00 times .0415524) P4,155.24 P29,155.24

Total amount due (excluding suggested compromise Ior
late Iiling and late payment oI the tax) P129,155.24

Onlv one 25 surcharge shall be imposed for late filing of the return and late
pavment of the tax.
5.2 The tax return is filed on time but filed through an internal revenue
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 8
officer other than with whom the return is required to be filed. Illustration:
The taxpayer's 1998 income tax return is required to be Iiled through the
authorized agent bank under the jurisdiction oI RDO East Makati. But, without
prior authorization Irom the BIR, the taxpayer Iiled his tax return and paid the
tax through the authorized agent bank under the jurisdiction oI RDO Davao
City. Tax due and paid per return is P100,000.00.
Calendar Year 1998
Income tax due per return P100,000.00
Add: 25 surcharge P25,000.00

Total amount due P125,000.00
Less: Amount paid P100,000.00

Amount still due P25,000.00

5.3 Late filing and late pavment due to taxpavers willful neglect.
Illustration: The taxpayer did not Iile his income tax return Ior the calendar
year 1997 which was due Ior Iiling on April 15, 1998. He was notiIied by the
BIR oI his Iailure to Iile the tax return, Ior which reason, he Iiled his tax return
and paid the tax, only aIter the said notice, on June 30, 1999. The tax due per
return is P100,000.00.
Calendar Year 1997
Income tax due per return P100,000.00
Add: 50 surcharge Ior willIul neglect to
Iile the return and late payment oI the tax
(P100,000 times 50) P50,000.00
20 int. p.a. Ir. 4-15-98 to 6-30-99
(P100,000.00 times .2415524) P24,155.24 P74,155.24

Total amount due (excluding suggested compromise
Ior late Iiling and late payment oI the tax) P174,155.24

5.4 Penaltv or penalties for deficiencv tax. As a rule, no surcharge
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 9
is imposed on deIiciency tax and on the basic tax. However, iI the amount due
inclusive oI penalties is not paid on or beIore the due date stated on the
demand letter, the corresponding surcharge shall be imposed.
Illustration No. 1: Taxpayer Iiled on time his income tax return Ior
calendar year 1997 and paid P100,000.00 on April 15, 1998. Upon pre-audit oI
his return, it was disclosed that he erroneously computed the tax due. The
correct amount oI tax due is P120,000.00. The taxpayer is assessed Ior
deIiciency income tax in a letter oI demand and assessment notice issued on
June 30, 1999. LLpr
Calendar Year 1997
Tax due per pre-audit P120,000.00
Less: Amount assessed and paid per tax return Iiled P100,000.00

DeIiciency income tax P20,000.00
Add: 20 int. p.a. Irom 4-15-98 to 6-30-99
(P20,000.00 times .2415524) P4,831.05

Amount still due P24,831.05

Illustration No. 2: ABC CORPORATION Iiled its income tax return Ior
calendar year 1997 and paid on time its income tax shown thereunder,
amounting to P100,000. Said taxpayer was investigated. Upon veriIication oI
its accounting records, it was disclosed that its deduction, Irom gross income,
oI representation expenses in the amount oI P200,000.00 did not meet all the
statutory requisites Ior deductibility. The corporation was duly notiIied oI the
said discrepancy through a Preliminary Assessment Notice. Based on the 35
income tax rate on corporations applicable in the year 1997, the income tax
due aIter investigation amounts to P170,000.00. AIter deduction oI income tax
paid per return Iiled, the basic deIiciency income tax amounts to P70,000,
excluding penalties. Failing to protest on time against the preliminary
assessment notice, a Iormal letter oI demand and assessment notice was issued
on May 31, 1999, requiring payment oI the assessment not later than June 30,
1999.
Calendar Year 1997
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 10
Income tax due per investigation P170,000.00
Less: Income tax paid per return P100,000.00

DeIiciency income tax P70,000.00
Add: 20 int. p.a. Ir. 4-15-98 to 6-30-99 (P70,000 times .2415524) P16,908.67

Total amount still due P86,908.67

Illustration No. 3: XYZ CORPORATION Iiled its income tax return Ior
calendar year 1997 with a net taxable income oI P500,000.00. At the
applicable income tax rate oI 35 Ior the year 1997, its income tax amounted
to P175,000.00. However, upon investigation, it was disclosed that its income
tax return was Ialse or Iraudulent because it did not report a taxable income
amounting to another P500,000.00. On its net income oI P1,000,000.00, per
investigation, the income tax due is P350,000.00. Deducting its payment per
return Iiled, the deIiciency, excluding penalties, amounted to P175,000.00. It
was duly inIormed oI this Iinding through a Preliminary Assessment Notice.
Failing to protest on time against the preliminary assessment notice, a Iormal
letter oI demand and assessment notice was issued on May 31, 1999 calling Ior
payment oI the deIiciency income tax on or beIore June 30, 1999. llcd
In this case, said corporation is liable Ior the civil penalties oI 50
surcharge Ior having Iiled a Ialse or Iraudulent return, plus 20 interest per
annum on the deIiciency, computed as Iollows:
Calendar Year 1997
Income tax due per investigation P350,000.00
Less: Income tax paid per return P175,000.00

DeIiciency income tax P175,000.00
Add: 50 surcharge Ior Iiling a Iraudulent or Ialse
return (P175,000.00 times 50) P87,500.00
20 int. p.a. Ir. 4-15-98 to 6-30-99
(P175,000.00 times .2415524) P42,271.67 P129,771.67

Total amount due P304,771.67

Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 11
5.5 Late pavment of a deficiencv tax assessed. In general, the
deIiciency tax assessed shall be paid by the taxpayer within the time prescribed
in the notice and demand, otherwise, such taxpayer shall be liable Ior the civil
penalties incident to late payment.
Illustration: Based on the above Illustration No. 3, Scenario 4, assuming
that the calendar year 1997 deIiciency income tax assessment against XYZ
CORPORATION, in the amount oI P304,771.67, is not paid by June 30, 1999,
the deadline Ior payment oI the assessment, and assuming Iurther that this
assessment has already become Iinal and collectible. In this case, such
corporation shall be considered late in payment oI the said assessment.
Assuming, Iurther, that the corporation pays its tax assessment only by July 31,
1999, the civil penalties Ior late payment shall be computed as Iollows:
Calendar Year 1997
Total deIiciency income tax assessed on May 31, 1999 P304,771.67
Add: 25 surcharge Ior late payment
(P304,771.67 times 25) P76,192.92
20 interest p.a. Irom 7-1-99 to
7-31-99 (P304,771.67
times .0166667) P5,079.54 P81,272.46

Total amount due (excluding suggested compromise
penalty Ior late payment) P386,044.13

5.6 Computation of 20 interest per annum in case of partial or
installment pavment of a tax liabilitv. Illustration No. 1: In case extended
pavment of the tax is dulv authori:ed. DEF CORPORATION, due to
Iinancial incapacity, requested that it be allowed to pay its income tax liability
per return Ior calendar year 1998, in the amount oI P1,000,000.00, in Iour (4)
monthly installments, starting April 15, 1999. Its request has been duly
approved pursuant to Sec. 53 oI the Tax Code.
In this case, no 25 surcharge shall be imposed Ior late payment oI the
tax since its deadline Ior payment has been duly extended. However, 20
interest per annum Ior the extended payment shall be imposed, computed
based on the diminishing balance oI the "unpaid amount", pursuant to the
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 12
provisions oI Section 249 (D) oI the Code.
No 25 surcharge on extended payment shall be imposed provided,
however, that the taxpayer's request Ior extension oI the period within which to
pay is made on or beIore the deadline prescribed Ior payment oI the tax due.
Conversely, iI such request is made aIter the deadline prescribed Ior payment,
the taxpayer shall already be treated late in payment, in which case, the 25
surcharge shall be imposed, even iI payment oI the delinquency be allowed in
partial amortization. cdasia
Example:
Calendar Year 1998
Income tax due per return P1,000,000.00
Less: 1
st
installment oI the tax on or beIore 4-15-99 P250,000.00

Balance as oI 4-15-99 P750,000.00
Add: 20 int. p.a. Irom 4-15-99 to 5-15-99
(P750,000.00 times .0166667) P12,500.03

Amount due on 5-15-99 P762,500.03
Less: 2
nd
installment on 5-15-99 (P250,000.00 plus
P12,500.03 interest) P262,500.03

Balance as oI 5-15-99 P500,000.00
Add: 20 int. p.a. Irom 5-15-99 to 6-15-99
(P500,000.00 times .0166667) P8,333.35

Amount due on 6-15-99 P508,333.35
Less: 3
rd
installment on 6-15-99 (P250,000.00 plus
P8,333.35 interest) P258,333.35

Balance as oI 6-15-99 P250,000.00
Add: 20 int. p.a. Irom 6-15-99 to 7-15-99
(P250,000.00 times .0166667) P4,166.68

4
th
and Iinal installment on 7-15-99 P254,166.68

Illustration No. 2: Computation of tax delinquencv in case of partial
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 13
pavment of the tax due without prior BIR authori:ation for extended pavment.

Example: GHI CORPORATION did not Iile its Iinal adjustment income
tax return Ior the calendar year 1998 which was due on April 15, 1999. The
BIR inIormed the corporation oI its Iailure to Iile its said tax return and
required that it Iile the same, inclusive oI the 25 surcharge and 20 interest
per annum penalties incident to the said omission. On May 15, 1999 it advised
that its income tax due Ior the said year amounts to P1,000,000.00 but,
however, due to its adverse Iinancial condition at the moment, it will be unable
to pay the entire amount, inclusive oI the delinquency penalties. Hence, on
May 15, 1999, it made a partial payment oI P400,000.00. Assuming that the
BIR demanded payment oI the unpaid balance oI its tax obligation payable by
June 15, 1999, the unpaid balance oI the corporation's delinquent income tax
shall be computed as Iollows:
Calendar Year 1998
Income tax due per return P1,000,000.00
Add: 25 surcharge Ior late Iiling and
late payment P250,000.00
20 interest per annum Irom 4-15-99
to 5-15-99 (P1,000,000.00
times .0166667) P16,666.70 P266,666.70

Amount due as oI 5-15-99 P1,266,666.70
Less: Partial payment on 5-15-99 P400,000.00

Balance as oI 5-15-99 P866,666.70
Add: 20 interest per annum Irom 5-15-99
to 6-15-99 (P866,666.70 times .0166667) P14,444.47

Amount still due (exclusive oI the suggested compromise
penalty Ior late Iiling and late payment P811,111.17

II the said taxpayer Iails to pay the amount oI P811,111.17 by June 15,
1999, no Iurther 25 surcharge Ior late payment oI the tax shall be imposed.
Instead, only the 20 interest per annum shall be imposed against the taxpayer
against the taxpayer, computed Irom due date thereoI (i.e., June 15, 1999) until
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 14
paid. II said taxpayer pays the same on partial payment basis, the 20 interest
per annum shall be computed on the diminishing balance thereoI, pursuant to
the procedures in the preceding Illustration No. 1, Section 6.6 hereoI.
SECTION 6. Suggested Compromise Penaltv in Extra-fudicial Settlement
of a Taxpaver's Criminal Jiolation. Section 204 oI the Tax Code oI 1997 provides
that "All criminal violations mav be compromised except: (a) those alreadv filed in
court, or (b) those involving fraud." This means that, in general, the taxpayer's
criminal liability arising Irom his violation oI the pertinent provision oI the Code may
be settled extra-judicially instead oI the BIR instituting against the taxpayer a criminal
action in Court. A compromise in extra-judicial settlement oI the taxpayer's criminal
liability Ior his violation is consensual in character, hence, may not be imposed on the
taxpayer without his consent. Hence, the BIR may only suggest settlement oI the
taxpayer's liability through a compromise. prLL
The extra-judicial settlement oI the taxpayer's criminal liability and the amount
oI the suggested compromise penalty shall conIorm with the schedule oI compromise
penalties provided under Revenue Memorandum Order No. 1-90 or as hereaIter
revised.
SECTION 7. Repealing Clause. Any revenue issuance which is
inconsistent herewith shall be considered repealed, amended, or modiIied
accordingly.
SECTION 8. Effectivitv.
8.1 General Rule. In general, the provisions oI these Regulations
shall be eIIective beginning January 1, 1998 pursuant to the
provisions oI Section 8 oI R.A. No. 8424, otherwise known as the
National Internal Revenue Code oI 1997.
8.2 Computation of Surcharge and Interest on Deficiencv Tax
Assessment. Any deIiciency tax assessment issued beginning
January 1, 1998 shall be governed by the rules prescribed in these
Regulations. cda
8.3 Other Provisions. Any provision oI these Regulations not
otherwise speciIically provided in the National Internal Revenue
Code oI 1997 shall take eIIect IiIteen (15) days aIter publication in
any newspaper oI general circulation.
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 15
(SGD.) EDGARDO B. ESPIRITU
Secretarv of Finance
Recommending Approval:
(SGD.) BEETHOVEN L. RUALO
Commissioner of Internal Revenue
ANNEX A
Preliminary Assessment Notice
ABC Corporation
123 Makati Avenue
Makati City
TIN: 000-000-000-000
Gentlemen:
Please be inIormed that aIter investigation there has been Iound due Irom you
deIiciency income tax Ior calendar year 1997, as shown hereunder:
Assessment No.
Taxable income per return P1,000,000.00
Add: Discrepancies per investigation
1. Undeclared rental income P200,000.00
2. Non-deductible interest expenses 300,000.00
3. Undocumented representation expenses 150,000.00
4. Non-deductible bad debt expense 250,000.00 900,000.00

Taxable income per investigation P1,900,000.00

Income tax due thereon (35) P665,000.00
Less: Income tax paid per return 350,000.00

Balance P315,000.00
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 16
Add: 50 surcharge Ior Iiling oI Iraudulent return P157,500.00
20 interest per annum Irom 4-15-96 to 3-15-98 63,000.00 220,500.00*

TOTAL AMOUNT DUE P535,500.00*
*Please note that the interest and the total amount due will have to be adjusted iI paid beyond 3-15-98
The complete details covering the aIorementioned discrepancies established during
the investigation oI this case are shown in the accompanying ANNEX A-1 oI this letter oI
demand. cdasia
The 50 surcharge has been imposed pursuant to the provisions oI Section 248(B) oI
the National Internal Revenue Code, as amended by R.A. No. 8424, which took eIIect on
January 1, 1998, in view oI your Iailure to report Ior income tax purposes your
aIorementioned rental income. Such omission renders your income tax return Iiled Ior the
taxable calendar year 1997 as a Ialse or Iraudulent return.
The 20 interest per annum has been imposed pursuant to the provisions oI Section
249(B) oI the said Code.
Pursuant to the provisions oI Section 228 oI the National Internal Revenue Code oI
1997 and its implementing Revenue Regulations, you are hereby given the opportunity to
present in writing your side oI the case within IiIteen (15) days Irom receipt hereoI. II we Iail
to hear Irom you within the said period, you shall be considered in deIault, in which case, a
Iormal letter oI demand and assessment notice shall be issued by this OIIice calling Ior
payment oI your aIoresaid deIiciency income tax, inclusive oI the aIorementioned civil
penalty and interest.
We hope that you will give this matter your preIerential attention.
Very truly yours,
ANNEX A-1
ABC CORPORATION
123 Makati Avenue
Makati City
TIN: 000-000-000-000
DETAILS OF DISCREPANCIES
Assessment No.
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 17
1. Undeclared rental income (P200,000.00). VeriIication disclosed that you
derived this rental income Irom the lease oI your building to XYZ CORPORATION during
the tax year 1997 but the same, without any legal justiIication, was neither recorded in your
books oI accounts nor declared in your income tax return, thereby resulting to the
understatement oI your reported taxable income Ior the said tax year.
2. Non-deductible interest expense (P300,000.00). VeriIication disclosed that
this interest expense, claimed as deduction Irom your gross income Ior the tax year 1997,
was actually incurred in connection with your loan Irom Mr. JUAN CASTRO. It was,
however, Iurther disclosed that Mr. Castro owns and controls 60 oI your outstanding
capital stock. Hence, this interest expense is not a valid deduction Irom your gross income,
pursuant to Section 34(B)(2), in relation to Section 36(B)(2) oI the National Internal
Revenue Code which provides that no deduction shall be allowed in respect oI interest
expense incurred between an individual and a corporation more than IiIty percent (50) in
value oI the outstanding stock oI which is owned, directly or indirectly, by or Ior such
individual. LexLib
3. Undocumented representation expenses (P50,000.00). VeriIication disclosed
that this item oI deduction Irom your gross income Ior the tax year 1997 is in Iact
unsubstantiated with any documentary evidence, hence, disallowed in audit.
4. Non-deductible bad debt expense (P250,000.00). VeriIication disclosed that
this item oI deduction Irom your gross income Ior the tax year 1997 was, in Iact, a mere
provision Ior estimated uncollectible accounts Irom your customers as oI the end oI the said
year. Under Section 34(E) oI the said Code, a mere provision Ior estimated uncollectible
accounts is not allowable deduction Irom gross income. In general, Ior bad debts to be
deductible, the Iollowing statutory requisites must have been complied with:
4.1 That, the debts due Irom your debtor or debtors must have been
ascertained actually worthless as oI the end oI the taxable year; and
4.2 That, the same have been actually charged or written-oII in your
books oI accounts as oI the end oI the said taxable year.
4.3 That, the said accounts receivable have actually been charged oII
or written-oII the books oI accounts as oI the end oI the taxable year.
The records oI this case disclosed that you have not introduced any evidence to
overthrow the validity oI our said Iindings.
It is requested that your aIoresaid deIiciency income tax liability be paid immediately
upon receipt hereoI, inclusive oI penalties incident to delinquency. This is our Iinal decision.
II you disagree, you may appeal this Iinal decision with the Court oI Tax Appeals within
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 18
thirty (30) days Irom date oI receipt hereoI, otherwise our said deIiciency income tax
assessment shall become Iinal, executory and demandable.
Very truly yours,
ANNEX B
FORMAL LETTER OF DEMAND
ABC Corporation
123 Makati Avenue
Makati City
TIN: 000-000-000-000
Gentlemen:
Please be inIormed that aIter investigation there has been Iound due Irom you
deIiciency income tax Ior calendar year 1997, as shown hereunder:
Assessment No.
Taxable income per return P1,000,000.00
Add: Discrepancies per investigation
1. Undeclared rental income P200,000.00
2. Non-deductible interest expenses 300,000.00
3. Undocumented representation expenses 150,000.00
4. Non-deductible bad debt expense 250,000.00 900,000.00

Taxable income per investigation P1,900,000.00

Income tax due thereon (35) P665,000.00
Less: Income tax paid per return 350,000.00

Balance P315,000.00
Add: 50 surcharge Ior Iiling oI Iraudulent return P157,500.00
20 interest per annum Irom 4-15-96 to 3-15-98 63,000.00 220,500.00*

TOTAL AMOUNT DUE P535,500.00*
*Please note that the interest and the total amount due will have to be adjusted iI paid beyond 3-15-98
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 19
The complete details covering the aIorementioned discrepancies established during
the investigation oI this case are shown in the accompanying SCHEDULE 1 oI this letter oI
demand.
The 50 surcharge has been imposed pursuant to the provisions oI Section 248(B) oI
the National Internal Revenue Code, as amended by R.A. No. 8424, which took eIIect on
January 1, 1998, in view oI your Iailure to report Ior income tax purposes your
aIorementioned rental income. Such omission renders your income tax return Iiled Ior the
taxable calendar year 1997 as a Ialse or Iraudulent return. cdll
The 20 interest per annum has been imposed pursuant to the provisions oI Section
249(B) oI the said Code.
In view thereoI, you are requested to pay your aIoresaid deIiciency income tax
liability through the duly authorized agent bank in which you are enrolled within the time
shown in the enclosed assessment notice.
Very truly yours,
ANNEX C
ABC Corporation
123 Makati Avenue
Makati City
TIN: 000-000-000-000
FINAL DECISION ON DISPUTED ASSESSMENT
Gentlemen:
ReIerring to your letter dated May 15, 1999, please be inIormed that your protest
against our calendar year 1997 deIiciency income tax assessment in the amount oI
P535,500.00, the subject matter oI our covering letter oI demand dated March 15, 1999, is
hereby denied Ior lack oI Iactual and legal basis. The aIoresaid assessment is premised on the
Iollowing:
1. Undeclared rental income (P200,000.00). VeriIication disclosed that
you derived income Irom the lease oI your building to XYZ Corporation
during the year 1997 but this was not recorded in your books oI accounts
and also not reported in your income tax return.
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 20
2. Non-deductible interest expense deduction (P300,000.00).
VeriIication disclosed that this interest expenses was incurred in
connection with your loan Irom MR. JUAN CASTRO. It was also
disclosed that Mr. Castro owns 60 oI the outstanding stock oI ABC
Corporation. Hence the said interest expense is non-deductible in
computing ABC Corporation's taxable income pursuant to Section
34(B)(2)(a), in relation to Section 36(B)(2) oI the NIRC, that interest
paid on a loan transaction between an individual and a corporation more
than IiIty percent (50) in value oI the outstanding stock oI which is
owned, directly or indirectly, by or Ior such individual shall be
deductible Irom gross income Ior income tax purposes. cdasia
3. Undocumented representation expenses (P150,000.00). VeriIication
disclosed that the veracity oI this item oI deduction has not been
established, hence, disallowed as a deduction Irom gross income.
4. Non-deductible bad debt expense (P250,000.00). VeriIication
disclosed that this was a mere provision Ior estimated collectible
accounts as oI the end oI the year 1997. Under Section 34(E), NIRC, a
mere provision Ior estimated uncollectible accounts is not deductible
Irom gross income. To be deductible, two requisites must be met:
4.1 That, the debts due Irom your debtor/s (accounts receivable)
have been ascertained actually worthless as oI the end oI the
taxable year; and
4.2 That, the said accounts receivable have actually been charged oII
or written-oII the books oI accounts as oI the end oI the taxable
year.
The records oI this case disclosed that you have not introduced any evidence to
overthrow the validity oI our said Iindings. dctai
It is requested that your aIoresaid deIiciency income tax liability be paid immediately
upon receipt hereoI, inclusive oI penalties incident to delinquency. This is our Iinal decision.
II you disagree, you may appeal this Iinal decision with the Court oI Tax Appeals within
thirty (30) days Irom date oI receipt hereoI, otherwise our said deIiciency income tax
assessment shall become Iinal, executory and demandable.
Very truly yours,
Copyright 1994-2006 CD Technologies Asia, nc. Taxation 2005 21
ANNEX D
CONSTRUCTIVE SERVICE OF NOTICE/S
MEMORANDUM FOR:
The Commissioner/Regional Director
Thru Channel
SUBJECT :
Name oI Taxpayer:
Address:
T.I.N.:
Kind oI Taxes:
Amount: P
This is to report that I/We personally served on the subject taxpayer at the above
given address on , 1999, the Iormal letter oI demand and assessment notice,
dated , 1999, calling Ior payment oI his/its above stated tax liability.
However, the taxpayer reIused to acknowledge receipt thereoI. I/We also tried to serve the
same on , the taxpayer's duly authorized
representative, but the latter likewise reIused to acknowledge receipt thereoI.
Due to the Ioregoing, the said Iormal letter oI demand and assessment notice were
constructively delivered by leaving the same conspicuously at the taxpayer's residence/place
oI business at , on , 1999.

Revenue OIIicer

Name and Signature oI Witness Name and Signature oI Witness

Designation Designation