Bridge Design To Eurocodes: UK Implementation

22 -
23 November, 2010
Institution of Civil Engineers
UK NA to BS EN 1991-1-4 Wind Actions &
UK NA to BS EN 1991-1-5 Thermal Actions
Bridge Design to Eurocodes
UK Implementation
22 -

23 November, 2010
UK NA to BS EN 1991-1-4 Wind Actions
John Rees, Flint & Neill
Documents:
Documents:
What does EN1991-1-4 etc replace?

BS 6399: Part 2 (UK Head Wind Loading Code)

BS 5400: Part 2 (Wind parameters)

BD 37/01 (Wind parameters)

BD 49/01
Wind Maps
V
10-min

= 1.06 x V
hourly-mean
Differences in wind speed:
Gust wind speeds
V
hourly-mean
V
10-min mean
V
1
-
s
e
c

g
u
s
t
BS
EN
V
gust

= V
mean

+ gust peak factor x turbulence intensity
Applicability
Calculation of response - along wind
Criteria:

EN1991-1-4: Span < 40m

UK NA to EN1991-1-4: Span < 200m
Method:
EN1991-1-4
Annex B
Calculation of response - vertical
Criteria:
f
bending

& f
torsion

> 1Hz
or
|
|
.
|
\
|

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
m
b
b n
) z ( v
) z ( P
2
2
b
m
0 . 1
b
) z ( P
c
fm
s
o
o
Aerodynamic stability
|
.
|
\
|
=
L
b 16
) z ( P P
b
a)

P
b

< 0.04
Risk is insignificant
b)

0.04

P
b

1.00
Assess by calculation
c)

P
b

> 1.00
Investigate with wind tunnel testing
Refer to: PD 6688-1-4: Annex A
Simplified Method
x , ref
2
b W
A . C . v . .
2
1
F =
x , f e
c ). z ( c C =
Exposure Factor, c
e
(z)
Comparison of drag co-efficients
From EN1991-1-4: Figure 8.3
Values of C
22 -

23 November, 2010
UK NA to BS EN 1991-1-5 Thermal Actions
Tony Harris Parsons Brinckerhoff
Documents:
Documents:
What does EN1991-1-5 etc replace?

BS 5400: Part 2, Specification for loads, Section 5.4

BD 37/01, Loads for Highway Bridges
Representation of thermal actions

Important components for bridges:


Thermal Actions
Two distinct actions:

Uniform Temperature Component (clause 6.1.3)
(Effective bridge temperature in BD 37)
Thermal Actions
Two distinct actions:

Uniform Temperature Component (clause 6.1.3)
(Effective bridge temperature in BD 37)

Temperature Difference Component (clause 6.1.4)
Thermal Actions
AL
Uniform Temperature Component
(Shade Air Temperature

change in length)
Thermal Actions
AL

change in length)
Thermal Actions
AL

change in length)
Temperature Difference Component
(Solar Radiation

change in curvature)
Au
Thermal Actions
Bridge Deck Types

Three bridge deck types:

Type 1

steel box/plate girder or truss

Type 2

Composite

Type 3

Concrete slab/beam/box
Bridge Deck Types
Other deck types :

Buried concrete box and portal
frame structures (previously
covered within BD 31/01)

Masonry arch bridges with solid
spandrels (previously covered
within BD 91/04)

Common approach adopted,
more closely aligned to BD
91/04
Shade air temperatures

50 year return period data

Based on update to previous
(unadjusted) BS 5400 data

Validated by limited Met Office
study

T
min

and T
max

are derived from maps
of isotherms found in Figure NA.1 of
the National Annex

T
e,min

and T
e,max

are derived from
min. and max. shade air
temperatures (T
min

and T
max

)
Temperature Difference Component

Two approaches within EN 1991-1-5

The National Annex requires Approach 2 to be used.

Same poly-linear heating (positive) and cooling
(reverse) distributions of temperature through deck
depth as BS 5400-2 with adjustments for surfacing
thickness.
Simultaneity
T
o
T
e,max
T
e,min
25
o
forType1
15
o
forTypes2&3
(T
e,max
8
o
)forType1
(T
e,max
4
o
)forType2
(T
e,max
2
o
)forType3
Heating Temperature
Difference
Cooling Temperature
Difference
Simultaneity

NA to be revised

Two options available:
Simultaneity

NA to be revised

1.

Retain BS 5400 provision
T
o
T
e,max
T
e,min
25
o
forType1
15
o
forTypes2&3
(T
e,max
8
o
)forType1
(Te,max 4
o
)forType2
(T
e,max
2
o
)forType3
HeatingTemperature
Difference
CoolingTemperature
Difference
Simultaneity

NA to be revised

1.

Retain BS 5400 provision
2.

Simplified approach
T
o
T
e,max
T
e,min
25
o
forType1
15
o
forTypes2&3
(T
e,max
8
o
)forType1
(Te,max 4
o
)forType2
(T
e,max
2
o
)forType3
HeatingTemperature
Difference
CoolingTemperature
Difference
T
o
T
e,max
T
e,min
HeatingTemperature
Difference
CoolingTemperature
Difference
Expansion Contraction

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