Assignment 1 : Real Numbers, Sequences

1. Let A be a non-empty subset of R and R. Show that = supA if and only if

1
n
is
not an upper bound of A but +
1
n
is an upper bound of A for every n N.
2. Let y (1, ) and x (0, 1). Evaluate lim
n
(2n)
y
x
n
.
3. For a R, let x
1
= a and x
n+1
=
1
4
(x
2
n
+ 3) for all n N. Show that (x
n
) converges if and
only if |a| 3. Moreover, nd the limit of the sequence when it converges.
4. Show that the sequence (x
n
) dened by x
1
=
1
2
and x
n+1
=
1
7
_
x
3
n
+ 2
_
for n N satises the
Cauchy criterion.
5. Let x
n
= 1 +
1
2
+
1
3
+ ... +
1
n
for n N. Show that |x
2n
x
n
|
1
2
for every n N. Does the
sequence (x
n
) satisfy the Cauchy criterion ?
6. Let (x
n
) be dened by x
1
= 1, x
2
= 2 and x
n+2
=
x
n
+x
n+1
2
for n 1. Show that (x
n
)
converges. Further, by observing that x
n+2
+
x
n+1
2
= x
n+1
+
x
n
2
, nd the limit of (x
n
).
Assignment 2 : Continuity, Existence of minimum, Intermediate Value Property
1. Determine the points of continuity for the function f : R R dened by
f(x) =
_
2x if x is rational
x + 3 if x is irrational.
2. Let f : R R be a continuous function and let x
0
, c R. Show that if f(x
0
) > c, then there
exists a > 0 such that f(x) > c for all x (x
0
, x
0
+ ).
3. Let f : [a, b] R and for every x [a, b] there exists y [a, b] such that |f(y)| <
1
2
|f(x)|.
What is the minimum value of the function x |f(x)|. Show that f is not continuous on
[a, b].
4. Let f : [0, 2] R be a continuous function and f(0) = f(2). Prove that there exist real
numbers x
1
, x
2
[0, 2] such that x
2
x
1
= 1 and f(x
2
) = f(x
1
).
5. Let p be an odd degree polynomial and g : R R be a bounded continuous function.
Show that there exists x
0
R such that p(x
0
) = g(x
0
). Further show that the equation
x
13
3x
10
+ 4x + sinx =
1
1+x
2
+ cos
2
x has a solution in R.
Assignment 3 : Derivatives, Maxima and Minima, Rolles Theorem
1. Show that the function f(x) = x | x | is dierentiable at 0. More generally, if f is continuous
at 0, then g(x) = xf(x) is dierentiable at 0.
2. Prove that if f : RR is an even function (i.e., f(x) = f(x) for all x R) and has a
derivative at every point, then the derivative f

is an odd function (i.e.,f(x) = f(x) for

all x R).
3. Show that among all triangles with given base and the corresponding vertex angle, the isosceles
triangle has the maximum area.
4. Show that exactly two real values of x satisfy the equation x
2
= xsinx + cosx.
5. Suppose f is continuous on [a, b], dierentiable on (a, b) and satises f
2
(a) f
2
(b) = a
2
b
2
.
Then show that the equation f

(x)f(x) = x has at least one root in (a, b).

6. Let f : (1, 1) R be twice dierentiable. Suppose f(
1
n
) = 0 for all n N. Show that
f

(0) = f

(0) = 0.
Assignment 4 : Mean Value Theorem, Taylors Theorem, Curve Sketching
1. Show that ny
n1
(x y) x
n
y
n
nx
n1
(x y) if 0 < y x, n N.
2. Let f : [a, b] R be continuous on [a, b] and dierentiable on (a, b). Suppose that f(a) = a
and f(b) = b. Show that there is c (a, b) such that f

(c) = 1. Further, show that there are

distinct c
1
, c
2
(a, b) such that f

(c
1
) + f

(c
2
) = 2.
3. Using Cauchy Mean Value Theorem, show that
(a) 1
x
2
2!
< cos x for x = 0.
(b) x
x
3
3!
< sin x for x > 0.
4. Find lim
x5
(6 x)
1
x5
and lim
x0
+
(1 +
1
x
)
x
.
5. Sketch the graphs of f(x) = x
3
6x
2
+ 9x + 1 and f(x) =
x
2
x
2
1
.
6. Suppose f is a three times dierentiable function on [1, 1] such that f(1) = 0, f(1) = 1
and f

(0) = 0. Using Taylors theorem show that f

(c) 3 for some c (1, 1).

Assignment 5 : Series, Power Series, Taylor Series
1. Let f : [0, 1] R and a
n
= f(
1
n
) f(
1
n+1
). Show that if f is continuous then

n=1
a
n
converges and if f is dierentiable and |f

(x)| < 1 for all x [0, 1] then

n=1
|a
n
| converges.
2. In each of the following cases, discuss the convergence/divergence of the series

n=1
a
n
where
a
n
equals:
(a)

n+1

n
n
(b) 1cos
1
n
(c) 2
n(1)
n
(d)
_
1 +
1
n
_
n(n+1)
(e)
nln n
2
n
(f)
logn
n
p
, (p > 1)
3. Let

n=1
a
n
and

n=1
b
n
be series of positive terms satisfying
a
n+1
a
n

b
n+1
b
n
for all n N. Show
that if

n=1
b
n
converges then

n=1
a
n
also converges. Test the series

n=1
n
n2
e
n
n!
for convergence.
4. Determine the values of x for which the series

n=1
(x1)
2n
n
2
3
n
converges.
5. Show that cos x =

n=0
(1)
n
(2n)!
x
2n
, x R.
Assignment 6: Integration
1. Using Riemanns criterion for the integrability, show that f(x) =
1
x
is integrable on [1, 2].
2. If f and g are continuous functions on [a, b] and if g(x) 0 for a x b, then show the mean
value theorem for integrals : there exists c [a, b] such that
b
_
a
f(x)g(x)dx = f(c)
b
_
a
g(x)dx.
Using this result show that there is no continuous function f on [0, 1] such that
1
_
0
x
n
f(x)dx =
1

n
for all n N.
3. Let f : [0, 2] R be a continuous function such that
_
2
0
f(x)dx = 2. Find the value of
_
2
0
[xf(x) +
_
x
0
f(t)dt]dx.
4. Show that
x
_
0
(
u
_
0
f(t)dt)du =
x
_
0
f(u)(x u)du, assuming f to be continuous.
5. Let f : [0, 1] R be a positive continuous function. Show that lim
n
(f(
1
n
)f(
2
n
)f(
n
n
))
1
n
=
e

1
0
lnf(x)
.
Assignment 7: Improper Integrals
1. Test the convergence/divergence of the following improper integrals:
(a)
1
_
0
dx
log(1+

x)
(b)
1
_
0
dx
xlog(1+x)
(c)
1
_
0
log x

x
(d)
1
_
0
sin(1/x)dx.
(e)

_
1
sin(1/x)
x
dx (f)

_
0
e
x
2
dx (g)

_
0
sin x
2
dx, (h)
/2
_
0
cot xdx.
2. Show that the integrals

_
0
sin
2
x
x
2
dx and

_
0
sin x
x
dx converge. Further, prove that

_
0
sin
2
x
x
2
dx =

_
0
sin x
x
dx.
3. Show that

_
0
xlog x
(1+x
2
)
2
dx = 0.
4. Prove the following statements.
(a) Let f be an increasing function on (0,1) and the improper integral
_
1
0
f(x) exist. Then
i.
_
1
1
n
0
f(x)dx
f(
1
n
)+f(
2
n
)++f(
n1
n
)
n

_
1
1
n
f(x)dx.
ii. lim
n
f(
1
n
)+f(
2
n
)++f(
n1
n
)
n
=
_
1
0
f(x)dx.
(b) lim
n
ln
1
n
+ln
2
n
++ln
n1
n
n
= 1.
(c) lim
n
n

n!
n
=
1
e
.
Assignment 8: Applications of Integration, Pappus Theorem
1. Sketch the graphs r = cos(2) and r = sin(2). Also, nd their points of intersection.
2. A curved wedge is cut from a cylinder of radius 3 by two planes. One plane is perpendicular
to the axis of the cylinder. The second plane crosses the rst plane at a 45

angle at the
center of the cylinder. Find the volume of the wedge.
3. Let f be a continuous function on R. A solid is generated by rotating about the X-axis, the
region bounded by the curve y = f(x), the X-axis and the lines x = a and x = b. For xed
a, the volume of this solid between a and b is b
3
+ b
2
ab a
3
for each b > a. Find f(x).
4. A square is rotated about an axis lying in the plane of the square, which intersects the square
only at one of its vertices. For what position of the axis, is the volume of the resulting solid
of revolution the largest?
5. Find the centroid of the semicircular arc (x r)
2
+ y
2
= r
2
, r > 0 described in the rst
quadrant. If this arc is rotated about the line y + mx = 0, m > 0, determine the generated
surface area A and show that A is maximum when m = /2.
Assignment 9: Vectors, Curves, Surfaces, Vector Functions
1. Consider the planes xy +z = 1, x+ay 2z +10 = 0 and 2x3y +z +b = 0, where a and
b are parameters. Determine the values of a and b such that the three planes
(a) intersect at a single point,
(b) intersect in a line,
(c) intersect (taken two at a time) in three distinct parallel lines.
2. Determine the equation of a cone with vertex (0, a, 0) generated by a line passing through
the curve x
2
= 2y, z = h.
3. The velocity of a particle moving in space is
d
dt
c(t) = (cos t)

i (sin t)

j +

k. Find the particles

position as a function of t if c(0) = 2

i +

k. Also nd the angle between its position vector and

the velocity vector.
4. Show that c(t) = sin t
2

i +cos t
2

j +5

k has constant length and is orthogonal to its derivative.

Is the velocity vector of constant magnitude?
5. Find the point on the curve c(t) = (5 sin t)

i + (5 cos t)

j + 12t

k at a distance 26 units along

the curve from the origin in the direction of increasing arc length.
6. Reparametrize the curves
(a) c(t) =
t
2
2

i +
t
3
3

k, 0 t 2,
(b) c(t) = 2 cos t

i + 2 sin t

j, 0 t 2
in terms of arc length.
7. Show that the parabola y = ax
2
, a = 0 has its largest curvature at its vertex and has no
minimum curvature.
Assignment 10: Functions of several variables (Continuity and Dierentiability)
1. Identify the points, if any, where the following functions fail to be continuous:
(i) f(x, y) =
_
xy if xy 0
xy if xy < 0
(ii) f(x, y) =
_
xy if xy is rationnal
xy if xy is irrational.
2. Consider the function f : R
2
R dened by
f(x, y) =
_
x
2
y
2
x
2
y
2
+(xy)
2
if (x, y) = (0, 0)
0 if(x, y) = (0, 0)
Show that the function satisfy the following:
(a) The iterated limits lim
x0
_
lim
y0
f(x, y)
_
and lim
y0
_
lim
x0
f(x, y)
_
exist and equals 0;
(b) lim
(x,y)(0,0)
f(x, y) does not exist;
(c) f(x, y) is not continuous at (0, 0);
(d) the partial derivatives exist at (0, 0).
3. Let f(x, y) = (x
2
+y
2
) sin
1
x
2
+y
2
if (x, y) = (0, 0) and 0, otherwise. Show that f is dierentiable
at every point of R
2
but the partial derivatives are not continuous at (0, 0).
4. Suppose f is a function with f
x
(x, y) = f
y
(x, y) = 0 for all (x, y). Then show that f(x, y) = c,
a constant.
Assignment 11: Directional derivatives, Maxima, Minima, Lagrange Multipliers
1. Let f(x, y) =
1
2
_

|x||y|

|x||y|
_
. Is f continuous at (0, 0)? Which directional derivatives
of f exist at (0, 0)? Is f dierentiable at (0, 0)?
2. Find the equation of the surface generated by the normals to the surface x + 2yz +xyz
2
= 0
at all points on the z-axis.
3. Examine the following functions for local maxima, local minima and saddle points:
i) 4xy x
4
y
4
ii) x
3
3xy
4. Find the absolute maxima of f(x, y) = xy on the unit disc {(x, y) : x
2
+ y
2
1}.
5. Minimize the quantity x
2
+y
2
+z
2
subject to the constraints x+2y+3z = 6 and x+3y+9z = 9.
Assignment 12 : Double Integrals
1. Evaluate the following integrals:
i)
1
_
0

1x
2
_
0
_
1 y
2
dydx ii)

_
0

_
x
sin y
y
dydx iii)
1
_
0
1
_
y
x
2
exp
xy
dxdy.
2. Evaluate
__
R
xdxdy where R is the region 1 x(1 y) 2 and 1 xy 2.
3. Using double integral, nd the area enclosed by the curve r = sin3 given in polar cordinates.
4. Compute lim
a
_ _
D(a)
exp
(x
2
+y
2
)
dxdy, where
i) D(a) = {(x, y) : x
2
+ y
2
a
2
} and ii) D(a) = {(x, y) : 0 x a, 0 y a}.
Hence prove that

_
0
e
x
2
dx =

2
.
Assignment 13 : Triple Integrals, Surface Integrals, Line integrals
1. Evaluate the integral
___
W
dzdydx

1+x
2
+y
2
+z
2
; where W is the ball x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
1.
2. What is the integral of the function x
2
z taken over the entire surface of a right circular
cylinder of height h which stands on the circle x
2
+y
2
= a
2
. What is the integral of the given
function taken throughout the volume of the cylinder.
3. Find the line integral of the vector eld F(x, y, z) = y

i x

j +

k along the path c(t) =
(cos t, sin t,
t
2
), 0 t 2 joining (1, 0, 0) to (1, 0, 1).
4. Evaluate
_
C
T dR, where C is the circle x
2
+ y
2
= 1 and T is the unit tangent vector.
5. Show that the integral
_
C
yzdx+(xz+1)dy+xydz is independent of the path C joining (1, 0, 0)
and (2, 1, 4).
Assignment 14 : Greens /Stokes /Gauss Theorems
1. Use Greens Theorem to compute
_
C
(2x
2
y
2
) dx + (x
2
+ y
2
) dy where C is the boundary of
the region {(x, y) : x, y 0 & x
2
+ y
2
1}.
2. Use Stokes Theorem to evaluate the line integral
_
C
y
3
dx + x
3
dy z
3
dz, where C is the
intersection of the cylinder x
2
+y
2
= 1 and the plane x +y +z = 1 and the orientation of C
corresponds to counterclockwise motion in the xy-plane.
3. Let

F =

r
|

r |
3
where

r = x

i +y

j +z

k and let S be any surface that surrounds the origin.
Prove that
__
S

F .n d = 4.
4. Let D be the domain inside the cylinder x
2
+y
2
= 1 cut o by the planes z = 0 and z = x+2.
If

F = (x
2
+ ye
z
, y
2
+ ze
x
, z + xe
y
), use the divergence theorem to evaluate
_ _
D
F n d.