Internal 2013

PART-I
INTERNAL
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
FOR ELECTRICAL WORKS
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
2013
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY
OF
DIRECTOR GENERAL, CPWD, NEW DELHI
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission, in writing, from the Director General (Works), CPWD, New Delhi
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CPWD, NIRMAN BHAWAN, NEW DELHI-110 011
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MEMBERS OF THE
SPECIFICATION COMMITTEE FOR E&M WORKS
Sl. No. Name
1 Sh. R.K. Singhal, Spl. DG (NR) Chairman
2 Sh. S. Khan, CE(E) PWD Member
3 Sh. P.K. Garg, CE (NDZ-VI) Member
4 Sh. Pyare Lal, CE(E) BFLZ Member
5 Sh. Prabhakar Singh, CE (NDZ-I) Member
6 Sh. A.S. Arora, CE(E) Trg. Member
7 Sh. S.K. Chawla, CE(E) PEWZ Member
8 Sh. A.K. Ahuja, CE, CPM, Manesar Project Member
9 Sh. Gurvinder Singh, CE (NDZ-VII) Member
10 Sh. C.K. Varma, CE(E) CSQ Member
11 Sh. Surendar Singh, DDG (Pers.) Member
12 C T E or his representative Member
13 CA (NDR), CPWD or his representative Member
14 Sh. S.P. Sakarwal, SE(E) DCEC-V Member
15 Sh. C.S. Mittal, SE(E) LCEC Member
16 Sh. Mathura Prasad, SE(TAS) CSQ Member
17 Sh. S.S. Garg, SE(E)TAS, CSQ(E) Member Secretary
VII
REFERENCES OF AMENDMENTS
Sl. No. Reference under which issued Chapter No. Item No. Page
VIII
Chapter No. Description Page No.
1. General Commercial / Technical 01-07
2. Planning of Electrical Installation 08-22
3. Electric Power Distribution & Wiring 23-41
4. Metallic Conduit Wiring System 42-48
5. Non-metallic Conduit Wiring System 49-53
6. Trunking Cable Management System 54-57
7. M.V. Panel, D. B., Rising Mains, Bus Trunking and Overhead
Bus Bar System 58-70
8. Earthing 71-76
9. Protection of Building against Lightning 77-82
10. Safety Procedure 83-85
11. Fire Hazards 86-87
12. Energy Conservation 88-91
13. Maintenance 92-94
14. Preventive Maintenance 95-96
15. Painting 97-98
16. Testing of Installation 99-101
17. Appendix
(i) A - Terminology 102-103
(ii) B - Conventional Signs & Symbols 104-106
(iii) C - Important Clauses of IE Rules, 1956 107-108
(iv) D - Important Indian Standards 109-118
(v) E - Form of Completion Certication 119-120
(vi) F - Earthing 121-126
(vii) G - Guidelines for Selection and Application of RCCBs (RCDs) 127-130
(viii) H - Principles of Protection of Building against Lightning 131-135
(ix) I - Average Number of Thunderstorm Days in the Year 136-138
(x) J - Weighting Factor for Overall Assessment of Risk for
Lightning Protection System 139-140
(xi) K - Sample Calculation of Need for Protection with a Lightning
Protection System 141-141
INDEX
IX
18. Tables 142-182
1. UG Cable Size Selection Chart 142
2. Current Rating of 1.1 KV Grade Cable 143
3. Short Circuit Rating for XLPE Cable 144
4. Tripping Characteristics of MCBs 145
5. Duty Category of Switches 146
6. Class of Insulation 147
7. Fire Protection 148
8. Degree of Protection 149
9. Selection of Lamps 151
10. Capacitor Selection Chart 152
11. Recommended Values of Illumination 153
12. Expected Useful Life of Electrical Installations / Equipments 173
13. Basic T & P Requirements of Maintenance Unit 178
14. Values of Performance Characteristics of Energy Efcient
Induction Motors 179
19. Figures
1. Basic Road Lighting 183
2. Feeder Pillar 184
3. Typical Schematic Diagram for Power Distribution from Sub-station 185
4. Typical Wiring Diagram 186
5. Fan Clamp 187
6. Circular Box Type Fan Clamp 188
7. Typical Meter Board 189
8. Typical Cubicle Panel 190
9. Pre-wired MCB DB 191
10. Rising Main Power Distribution System 192
11. Pipe Earthing 193
12. Plate Earthing 194
13. Earth Testing 195
14. Earthing Concept 196
15. Earthing Schematic for Internal EI 197
20. Detailed References to Clauses 198-207
21. Space for Electrical & Mechanical Services in Buildings Companion
(Approved by 38th Specication Committee, Oct-2002) Copy
Chapter No. Description Page No.
X
1
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL COMMERCIAL/ TECHNICAL
1.1 Scope
(i) Electricity has become the lifeline of modern society. Homes, Ofces, Industry,
Schools, Hospitals, Transportation, Communication, Road Lighting, Markets all
depend on reliable Electric Supply. Life comes to a standstill without electricity.
Electricity has become an integral and inevitable part of every bodys life.
It is also necessary to remember that electricity becomes destructive and dangerous,
if not handled with care, safety conforming to laid down safety standards and
norms. In case of building res, which often destroy property and lives causing
sufferings to the affected people, the rst culprit is often supposed to be Electric
Short Circuit.
In the above context, the General Specication for Electrical Works (Internal) aims
to lay down General guidelines to ensure safe, efcient, reliable and economical
use of electricity.
(ii) While these Specications serve as general guidelines, appropriate technical
sanctioning authority can depart from such guidelines to meet the particular
requirements of any work or for other technical reasons.
(iii) This Chapter covers the general commercial and technical requirements applicable
to works contract for execution of Internal Electrical Installation works.
(iv) These General Specications are subject to revision from time to time.
1.2 Related Documents
Each work has its own particular requirements. Therefore, in addition to the General
Specications, governing BIS, I.E. Rules, Standard Contract Conditions etc. there
would be necessity of additional conditions/ specications for a particular work. In
case of any discrepancy such additional conditions/ specications will override these
General Specications.
1.3 Terminology
1.3.1 The denition of terms shall be in accordance with IS 732 : 1989 (Indian Standard
Code of Practice for Electrical Wiring), except for the denitions of point, circuit, and
submain wiring, which are dened in this specication. Some of the commonly used
terms are indicated in Appendix A.
1.3.2 The conventional signs and symbols for technical work shall be as shown in
Appendix B.
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1.4 Submission of Tenders
1.4.1 The tender shall be submitted complete with the following:-
(i) Complete tender documents as purchased from CPWD duly lled in and signed.
The price part of the tender shall be indicated only on the tender schedule of work.
(ii) Earnest Money deposit in one of the specied forms.
(iii) Any other supplementary details required for the evaluation of the tenders such as
drawings, technical literature/ catalogues, data etc.
1.4.2 Where two part tendering system is proposed to be adopted in any particular work,
the procedure for submission and opening of tenders shall be indicated in tender
documents for that work.
1.5 Rates
1.5.1 The work shall be treated as on works contract basis and the rates tendered shall
be for complete items of work (except the materials, if any, stipulated for supply by
the department) inclusive of all taxes (including works contract tax, if any), duties,
and levies etc. and all charges for items contingent to the work, such as, packing,
forwarding, insurance, freight and delivery at site for the materials to the supplied by
the contractor, watch and ward of all materials (including those, if any, supplied by the
department) for the work at site etc.
1.5.2 Prices quoted shall be rm. Price adjustments shall however be governed by Clause
10C/ 10CC of the Conditions of Contract given in form CPWD 7 or 8 of the tender
documents, for works executed under these forms. All relevant documents shall be
produced by the contractor to the Engineer-in-charge, whenever called upon by him to
do so, for working out such adjustments in rates.
1.6 Taxes and Duties
1.6.1 Being an indivisible works contract, Sales Tax, Excise Duty etc. are not payable
separately.
1.6.2 The works contract tax shall be deducted from the bills of the contractor as applicable
in the State in which the work is carried out, at the time of payments.
1.6.3 Octroi shall not be paid separately for the materials supplied by the contractor, but
the Department, on demand, can furnish octroi exemption certicate. However, the
Department is not liable to reimburse the octroi duty in case the concerned authorities
do not honor such exemption certicates.
1.7 Mobilization Advance
No mobilization advance shall be paid for the work, unless otherwise stipulated in
tender papers for any individual work.
1.8 Completeness of Tender
All sundry ttings, assemblies, accessories, hardware items, foundation bolts,
termination lugs for electrical connections as required, and all other sundry items which
are useful and necessary for proper assembly and efcient working of the various
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components of the work shall be deemed to have been included in the tender, whether
such items are specically mentioned in the tender documents or not.
1.9 Works to be Arranged by the Department
Unless and otherwise specied in the tender documents, the following works shall be
arranged by the Department:
(i) Storage space for all equipments, components and materials for the work.
(ii) Supply of materials to the contractor as stipulated in the tender documents.
1.10 Works to be done by the Contractor
Unless and otherwise mentioned in the tender documents, the following works shall
be done by the contractor, and therefore their cost shall be deemed to be included in
their tendered cost: -
(i) Foundations for equipments and components where required, including foundation
bolts.
(ii) Cutting and making good all damages caused during installation and restoring the
same to their original nish.
(iii) Sealing of all oor openings provided by him for pipes and cables, from re safety
point of view, after laying of the same.
(iv) Painting at site of all exposed metal surfaces of the installation other than pre-
painted items like ttings, fans, switchgear/ distribution gear items, cubicle
switchboard etc. Damages to nished surfaces of these items while handling and
erection, shall however be rectied to the satisfaction of the Engineer-in-charge.
(v) Testing and commissioning of completed installation.
1.11 Storage and Custody of Materials
Suitable and lockable storage accommodation shall be provided by the Department
free of cost to the contractor. However, the watch and ward of the stores and their
safe custody shall be his responsibility till the nal taking over of the installation by the
Department.
1.12 Electric Power Supply and Water Supply
Unless and otherwise specied, power supply and water supply will be arranged by
the contractor at the site for installation purpose.
However, for testing purpose, electricity supply will be made available free of cost to
the contractor.
Contractor will take due care to ensure safety of electrical installation during execution
of work.
1.13 Tools for Handling and Erection
All tools and tackles required for handling of equipments and materials at site of work
as well as for their assembly and erection and also necessary test instruments shall
be the responsibility of the contractor.

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1.14 Payment Terms
1.14.1 Unless otherwise specied in the additional conditions of the contract, the payment
shall be made as per the relevant clauses of form PWD 7/8 forming a part of the tender
documents.
1.14.2 Security deposit shall be deducted in such form and as per provisions contained in
CPWD form 7/8 as amended from time to time. The earnest money deposit shall be
adjusted against this security deposit. The security deposit shall be released on the
expiry of guarantee/ maintenance period stipulated in the contract.
However, the contractor can furnish a bank guarantee in the specied format from a
scheduled bank for the full value of the security deposit, in which event no recovery
shall be made towards security deposit from his bills. The bank guarantee shall be
kept valid till the expiry of the above guarantee/ maintenance period.
1.15 Co-ordination with Other Agencies
The contractor shall co-ordinate with all other agencies involved in the building work
so that the building work is not hampered due to delay in his work. Recessed conduit
and other works, which directly affect the progress of building work, should be given
priority.
1.16 Care of Buildings
Care shall be taken by the contractor to avoid damage to the building during execution
of his part of the work. He shall be responsible for repairing all damages and restoring
the same to their original nish at his cost. He shall also remove at his cost all unwanted
and waste materials arising out of his work from the site.
1.17 Structural Alterations to Buildings
(i) No structural member in the building shall be damaged/altered, without prior
approval from the competent authority through the Engineer-in-charge.
(ii) Structural provisions like openings, cutouts, if any, provided by the department
for the work, shall be used. Where these require modications, or where fresh
provisions are required to be made, such contingent works shall be carried out by
the contractor at his cost.
(iii) All such openings in oors provided by the Department shall be closed by the
contractor after installing the cables/ conduits/ rising mains etc. as the case may
be, by any suitable means as approved by the Engineer-in-charge without any
extra payment.
(iv) All chases required in connection with the electrical works shall be provided and
lled by the contractor at his own cost to the original architectural nish of the
buildings.
1.18 Addition to an Installation
Any addition temporary or permanent to the existing electrical installation shall not be
made without a properly worked out scheme/ design by a qualied Electrical Engineer
to ensure that such addition does not lead to overloading, safety violation of the existing
system.
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1.19 Work in Occupied Buildings
(i) When work is executed in occupied buildings, there would be minimum of
inconvenience to the occupants. The work shall be programmed in consultation
with the Engineer-in-charge and the occupying department. If so required, the
work may have to be done even before and after ofce hours.
(ii) The contractor shall be responsible to abide by the regulations or restrictions set in
regard to entry into, and movement within the premises.
(iii) The contractor shall not tamper with any of the existing installations including their
switching operations or connections thereto without specic approval from the
Engineer-in-charge.
1.20 Drawings
(i) The work shall be carried out in accordance with the drawings enclosed with the
tender documents and also in accordance with modication thereto from time to
time as approved by the Engineer-in-charge.
(ii) All wiring diagrams shall be deemed to be Drawings within the meaning of the
term as used in Clause 11 of the Conditions of Contract (PWD 7 or PWD 8). They
shall indicate the main switch board, the distribution boards (with circuit numbers
controlled by them), the runs of various mains and sub-mains and the position of
all points with their controls.
(iii) All circuits shall be indicated and numbered in the wiring diagram and the points
shall be given the same number as the circuit to which they are electrically
connected.
1.21 Conformity to IE Act, IE Rules, and Standards
1.21.1 All Electrical works shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of Indian
Electricity Act, 2003 and Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 amended up to date (Date of
call of tender unless specied otherwise). List of Rules of particular importance to
Electrical Installations under these General Specications is given in Appendix C for
reference.
1.22 General Requirements of Components
1.22.1 Quality of Materials
All materials and equipments supplied by the contractor shall be new. They shall be of
such design, size and materials as to satisfactorily function under the rated conditions
of operation and to withstand the environmental conditions at site.
1.22.2 Inspection of Materials and Equipments
(a) Materials and equipments to be used in the work shall be inspected by the
Departmental ofcers. Such inspection will be of following categories:
(i) Inspection of materials/ equipments to be witnessed at the
manufacturers premises in accordance with relevant BIS/ Agreement
Inspection Procedure.
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(ii) To receive materials at site with Manufacturers Test Certicate(s).
(iii) To inspect materials at the Authorized Dealers Godowns to ensure
delivery of genuine materials at site.
(iv) To receive materials after physical inspection at site.
(b) The Departmental ofcers will take adequate care to ensure that only tested and
genuine materials of proper quality are used in work.
(c) Similarly, for fabricated equipments, the contractor will rst submit dimensional
detailed drawings for approval before fabrication is taken up in the factory. Suitable
stage inspection at factory also will be made to ensure proper use of materials,
workmanship and quality control.
(d) The tender specications will stipulate the inspection requirements or their waiver
for various materials/ equipments including norms of inspection in specic cases.
1.22.3 Ratings of Components
(a) All components in a wiring installation shall be of appropriate ratings of voltage,
current, and frequency, as required at the respective sections of the electrical
installation in which they are used.
(b) All conductors, switches and accessories shall be of such size as to be capable of
carrying the maximum current, which will normally ow through them, without their
respective ratings being exceeded.
1.22.4 Conformity to Standards
(a) All components shall conform to relevant Indian Standard Specications, wherever
existing. Materials with ISI certication mark shall be preferred.
(b) A broad list of relevant Indian Standards is given in Appendix D. These Indian
Standards, including amendments or revisions thereof upto the date of tender
acceptance, shall be applicable in the respective contracts.
1.22.5 Interchangeability
Similar parts of all switches, lamp holders, distribution fuse boards, switch gears,
ceiling roses, brackets, pendants, fans and all other ttings of the same type shall be
interchangeable in each installation.
1.23 Workmanship
1.23.1 Good workmanship is an essential requirement to be complied with. The entire work of
manufacture/ fabrication, assembly and installation shall conform to sound engineering
practice.
1.23.2 Proper Supervision/Skilled Workmen
The contractor shall be a licensed electrical contractor of appropriate class suitable for
execution of the electrical work. He shall engage suitably skilled/ licensed workmen
of various categories for execution of work supervised by supervisors / Engineer of
appropriate qualication and experience to ensure proper execution of work. They will
7
carry out instructions of Engineer-in-charge and other senior ofcers of the Department
during the progress of work.
1.23.3 Use of Quality Materials
Only quality materials of reputed make as specied in the tender will be used in work.
1.23.4 Fabrication in Reputed Workshop
Switch boards and LT panels shall be fabricated in a factory/ workshop having modern
facilities like quality fabrication, seven tank process, powder/ epoxy paint plant, proper
testing facilities, manned by qualied technical personnel.
The tender shall specify some quality makes of fabricators with modern facilities of
design, fabrication and testing capable of delivering high quality LT panels and switch
boards after testing as per relevant specications.
1.24 Testing
All tests prescribed in these General Specications, to be done before, during and
after installation, shall be carried out, and the test results shall be submitted to the
Engineer-in-charge in prescribed Performa, forming part of the Completion Certicate.
1.25 Commissioning on Completion
After the work is completed, it shall be ensured that the installation is tested and
commissioned.
1.26 Completion Plan and Completion Certicate
(i) For all works completion certicate after completion of work as given in Appendix
E shall be submitted to the Engineer-in-charge.
(ii) Completion plan drawn to a suitable scale in tracing cloth with ink indicating the
following, along with three blue print copies of the same shall also be submitted.
(a) General layout of the building.
(b) Locations of main switchboard and distribution boards, indicating the circuit
numbers controlled by them.
(c) Position of all points and their controls.
(d) Types of ttings, viz. uorescent, pendants, brackets, bulk head, fans and
exhaust fans etc.
(e) Name of work, job number, accepted tender reference, actual date of
completion, names of Division/Sub-Division, and name of the rm who
executed the work with their signature.
1.27 Guarantee
The installation will be handed over to the Department after necessary testing and
commissioning. The installation will be guaranteed against any defective design/
workman-ship. Similarly, the materials supplied by the contractor will be guaranteed
against any manufacturing defect, inferior quality. The guarantee period will be for a
period of 12 months from the date of handing over to the Department. Installation/
equipments or components thereof shall be rectied/ repaired to the satisfaction of the
Engineer-in-charge.
8
CHAPTER 2
PLANNING OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
2.1 Planning of Electrical Installation
The design and planning of an electrical installation involve consideration of all
prevailing conditions and is usually guided by the requirement of the consumer. A
competent Electrical Engineer should take the responsibility of detailed designing and
planning to meet the requirement of various functional needs, efciency, economy,
energy conservation, aesthetics, appropriate technology, safety and avoidance of
possible re hazards. Some of the guiding factors are:
(a) Adverse conditions like humidity, high/low ambient temperature, pollution, heat,
dust, ame etc. that are likely to affect the installation.
(b) Possible presence of inammable or explosive vapour, gas, liquid.
(c) The degree of mechanical and electrical protection necessary.
(d) The need of uninterrupted electrical supply, which requires adequate standby
system, including generating sets and UPS back up.
(e) Flexibility for future modication or extension.
(f) Energy cost, which requires proper examination of local electrical tariff.
(g) Energy conservation measures.
(h) Need of building management system for efciency and energy cost saving.
(i) Relative cost of various alternative methods.
(j) Safety aspects including provision of built in safety measures.
(k) Specic measures for avoidance of possible re hazards.
(l) Use of appropriate technology.
(m) Quality control based on appropriate design and use of quality materials and
equipments.
(n) Aesthetics and co-ordination with Architectural and Structural requirement.
(o) Taking into account future growth of load.
(p) Need to provide related space/ conduits/ channels/ cables/ wire for services like:
Communication cables, computer cabling, re alarm cabling, UPS cabling etc.
CCTV/ Security system cables etc.
(q) Reducing operation and maintenance cost with appropriate use of automation,
sensors, remote control, microprocessor control for controlling various electrical
and mechanical activities.
9
(r) Providing an efcient power distribution system to meet the various power
requirements of equipments like:
Computers.
ACs.
Pumps.
Lifts.
Specic equipments.
Ventilation Plant.
AC Plant. etc.
2.2 Coordination
2.2.1 Before planning is started, coordination and collaboration is needed amongst the
following:
Client/ user/ users of the building/ Civil/ Structural Engineer/ Architect/ Horticulture.
2.2.2 Based on the specic requirement and projected use of the building, conceptual
coordinated detailed planning for the entire building will be nalized. The electrical
portion has to t into such integrated concept of the building.
2.3 Location and Requirement of Sub-station
2.3.1 Electrical sub-station may be required for following reasons:
(a) When electric load is in excess of permitted LT supply limit of Electrical Supply
Authority, which necessitates setting up of sub-station.
(b) When it is desired to have a sub-station for technical reasons.
2.3.2 Ideal Location
(i) The ideal location for an electric sub-station for a building or group of buildings
would be at the load center and shall be located on the ground oor in a separate
building. Such building should have direct access through a motorable road to
ensure easy access or removal of equipment. The oor level of the sub-station or
switch room (in case of LT) shall be above the highest ood level of the locality.
(ii) In case the sub-station has to be located within the main building itself for
unavoidable reasons, then it should be located on ground oor with easy access
from outside. Location of sub-station in the basement oors should be avoided as
far as possible on account of likely ooding and re hazard. In case it is unavoidable,
then foolproof anti-ooding measures have to be taken, which includes provision
of automatic dewatering pumping and construction of waterproof basement. Such
portion (for sub-station) should be isolated from the rest of basement and should
have easy entry and exit arrangement. Also, suitable mechanical ventilation and
re detection/ protection system to be provided to conform to B.I.S. requirements
and requirements of local re authority. Only dry type transformers and switchgear
to be provided, unless they are installed in a separate service building separated
from the main building.
(iii) Emergency power supply equipment (such as generating sets) shall not be allowed
to be installed above ground oor or below rst basement level of building.
10
(iv) Facility for connection from sub-station to adjoining building to feed emergency
load shall be permitted.
2.3.3 Space for Electric Sub-station
Reference may be made to SPACE FOR ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL
SERVICES IN BUILDINGS as approved by 38th Specication Committee, October
2002.
2.3.4 Co-ordination with Local Supply Authority
The power requirement should be assessed, in consultation with the owner/ users, and
discussion should be held with the Electricity supply authority to decide on location/
space required for Electricity supply equipment/ meter and tariff involved.
2.3.5 Provision for Future Growth of Load
The useful life of the building may be more than 50 years. Experience indicates 5 to
10% growth of electrical load every year. Therefore, building should have adequate
space provision for augmentation of electrical supply and associated distribution
network.
2.3.6 Space for Electrical Services
Reference may be made to SPACE FOR ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL
SERVICES IN BUILDINGS as approved by 38th Specication Committee, October
2002:
The building has to provide for space for various electrical equipments and service.
These include:
(a) Electrical substation to house HT switchgear, Metering, transformers, LT panels,
generating sets, essential LT Panel, Voltage correction devices, UPS, Battery
Room, Electrical switch rooms, vertical shafts for power, communication, re alarm,
UPS cabling, wet riser, associated doors, cutouts in oors/slabs, cable routes/
trenches/ ducts, cable entry pipes, etc. space for distribution boards etc.
All such provisions are essential to provide an efcient, safe and aesthetic electrical
system for the building.
2.3.7 Location of Switch Room
Where, it is not necessary to provide a sub-station, a switch room shall be provided.
This shall be preferably near the entrance of the building on the ground oor. This
switch room shall receive LT supply for which suitable pipe/ trench provision shall be
kept for cable entry. Power distribution shall start with suitable number of rising mains
(or rising cables) for vertical distribution. A large building will be divided into suitable
number of parts, each part served by a rising main. Suitable provision shall be kept for
laying cables/ bus duct from switch room to feed each rising main.
2.3.8 Distribution of Supply and Cabling
A well-designed distribution system will take into account prevailing conditions, various
requirement of power so that the installation meets the intended purpose and is safe,
and efcient.
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2.3.9 System of Supply
(i) All electrical equipments, accessories shall be suitable for voltage and frequency
of supply.
(ii) Use of low voltage, medium voltage or high voltage system or combination thereof
is a matter of expert calculation, judgement, comparative studies, prevailing tariff,
for ensuring better quality of electric supply, better operation, control and economy
of use of equipments, better safety etc. Use of high voltage supply entails provision
of suitable transformer substation, which demands additional cost and space.
However, such additional cost may be justied for following reasons:
(a) Advantage in tariff.
(b) More effective earth fault protection.
(c) Elimination of interference with supplies to other consumers permitting use of
large size motors etc.
(d) Better control of voltage.
2.3.10 Stand-by Systems
Whenever reliable power supply is intended, it is essential to plan for stand by systems
like:-
(i) Incoming supply from two sources.
(ii) Minimum 2 Nos. Transformers, so that in case of failure of one transformer, there
is a standby.
2.3.11 Planning for Peak-Non-peak Loads in Ofce Buildings
In a typical ofce building, peak load is between 10 AM to 5 PM. Holidays and after
ofce hours demand is hardly 5% of peak load. Hence, for such period a smaller
capacity transformer may be planned to reduce energy losses on account of Core
Loss of transformer.
2.4 Quality of Electric Supply
(i) The parameters which decide the quality of electric supply are:-
(a) Voltage.
(b) Frequency.
(c) Absence of harmful harmonics.
(d) Protection against Surge/ Lightning.
(ii) Modern buildings use large number of electro-mechanical, electronic devices,
which for their proper operation and protection require quality electric supply.
(iii) Hence, based on specic needs, suitable additional equipments like voltage
correctors, lters, surge protectors, UPS etc. may be provided as an integral part
of the electric power system.
2.5 Standby Generator Set
2.5.1 In the event of mains power failure, it is necessary to provide standby generating
sets to meet the requirement of essential power supply, so that the normal working of
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ofces and other institutions, which provide service to the public/users, dont suffer.
The essential power loads are as below:-
(a) Residential
Water supply pump sets.
Lifts.
Fire protection/ Fire ghting system.
Street lighting.
Essential Community needs.
(b) Non-residential
Water supply pump sets.
Lifts.
Fire protection/ Fire ghting system.
Lights and fans.
Exit lights.
Staircase lights etc.
Other requirements like critical air-conditioning, AHUs, essential power out lets
etc.
(c) Therefore, it is necessary to provide for essential power supply system consisting
of:
(i) Standby DG Sets.
(ii) Essential LT Power panels.
(iii) Essential rising mains.
(iv) Main boards, DBs, essential wiring etc.
2.6 Power Factor Management
(i) Low power factor results in higher current resulting in higher voltage drop and
system losses. In order to have control over these parameters power factor of
not less than 0.95 lag to be maintained by the power consumers, at the point of
connection.
Percentage reduction of load current and transformer loss due to power factor
improvement is given in table below:
Initial Power Power Factor % Reduction in % Reduction in
Factor Improvement Load Current Transformer Losses
0.7 0.9 23.7 40
0.7 1.0 30.0 51
0.8 0.9 10.0 21
0.8 1.0 20.0 36
0.9 1.0 10.0 19
13
(ii) Effect of Leading Power Factor
Leading power factor causes higher voltage; resulting in:
(a) Increase in hysterics and eddy current losses.
(b) Transformer may operate in saturated BH curve, resulting in generation of
harmonics, which may lead to heating, and failure of capacitor.
(iii) Automatic Power Factor Correction Capacitor Banks
Properly designed APFC panels shall be provided to maintain power factor
automatically at desired level.
2.7 UPS
(a) To meet the requirement of no break power supply for requirements like computer/
communication/ security/ life safety needs etc. it may be necessary to provide for
centralized/de-centralized UPS system.
(b) In a centralized UPS system, there will be a third distribution system (besides
essential and non-essential power distribution system) consisting of battery room,
UPS system, UPS LT Panel, UPS rising main, main boards/ DBs wiring etc.
(c) Such a system requires carefully designed power switchgear and distribution
system, so that in case of power failure, the essential/ UPS loads are connected to
their respective sources in a safe and reliable manner.
2.8 Allied Services
2.8.1 The modern building, besides electric wiring, has to provide for following services:
(i) Telephone wiring.
(ii) Communication cabling.
(iii) Computer cabling, networking, dedicated earthing.
(iv) Audiovisual systems.
(v) Security systems.
(vi) Sound re-inforcement.
(vii) Stage lighting.
(viii) External lighting.
(ix) Architectural in-built lighting.
(x) Solar Energy system.
(xi) Photo voltaic power system.
(xii) Other specic lighting services etc.
(xiii) Building management system.
2.8.2 It is for the electrical planning engineer to coordinate provision of these services in
consultation with the user, Architect, structural engineer and specialized agencies.
2.8.3 Also it is necessary to provide for space/ shafts/ routes and in-built provisions for all
these services.
14
2.8.4 The basic guidelines are:-
(a) Each specialized service will be executed without mixing up with other services.
(b) Wiring of each service will be taken in its own pipe/ channel, except when it is
permitted other wise.
(c) Consultation will be made with reputed specialized rms to provide for space and
other in-built provision for such services.
(d) Suitable cat-walk shall be provided as an integral part of the building structure, to
provide facility for maintenance of systems provided at higher level.
2.9 Lighting Design
2.9.1 Interior Lighting
Proper lighting level is to be maintained. NBC 2005 species lux levels required for
various applications. Lower lux level reduces efciency of working.
Aged person requires higher lux level. For normal ofce working a middle-aged man
requires 350 lux. A person of 55 to 60 years of age may require 500 lux. Proper
designing is required for achieving satisfactory lux levels in conformity with NBC 2005
(see Table 11).
2.9.1.1 Lighting Power Density
Lighting Power Density is the ratio of the total lighting load of a space to the total lit
space area. The installed interior lighting power for a building shall not exceed the
interior lighting power allowance determined in accordance with either Building Area
Method or Space Function Method. The installed interior lighting power shall include
all power used by the luminaires, including lamps and ballast.
Building Area Method
Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the building area method
shall be in accordance with the following:
Determine the allowed lighting power density from the table below for each building
area type.
Calculate the gross lighted oor area for each building area type.
The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the product of the gross lighted
oor area of each building area times the allowed lighting power density for that
building area types.
15
Interior Lighting Power Building Area Method
Building Area Type LPD (W/m
2
) Building Area Type LPD (W/m
2
)
Automotive Facility 9.7 Multifamily Residential 7.5
Convention Centre 12.9 Museum 11.8
Dining : Bar Lounge/ Leisure 14.0 Ofce 10.8
Dining : Cafeteria/ Fast Food 15.1 Parking Garage 3.2
Dining : Family 17.2 Performing Arts Theatre 17.2
Dormitory/ Hostel 10.8 Police/ Fire Station 10.8
Gymnasium 11.8 Post Ofce/ Town Hall 11.8
Health care-Clinic 10.8 Religious Building 14.0
Hospital/ Health Care 12.9 Retail/ Mall 16.1
Hotel 10.8 School/ University 12.9
Library 14.0 Sports Arena 11.8
Manufacturing Facility 14.0 Transportation 10.8
Motel 10.8 Warehouse 8.6
Motion Picture Theatre 12.9 Workshop 15.1
In case where both a general building area type and a specic building area type are listed, the
specic building area type shall apply.
Source : Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, Table 7.1
Space Function Method
Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the space function method
shall be in accordance with the following:
Determine appropriate building type from table below and the allowed lighting
power density.
For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine
the gross interior oor area by measuring to the center of the partition wall. Include
the oor area of balconies or other projections. Retail spaces do not have to comply
with the 80% partition height requirements.
The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the lighting power allowances
for all spaces. The lighting power allowance for a space is the product of the gross
lighted oor area of the space times the allowed lighting power density for that
space.
16
Ofce-enclosed 11.8
Ofce-open plan 11.8
Conference/ Meeting/ Multipurpose 14.0
Classroom/Lecture/ Training 15.1
Lobby 14.0
For Hotel 11.8
For Performing Arts Theatre 35.5
For Motion Picture Theatre 11.8
Audience/ Seating Area 9.7
For Gymnasium 4.3
For Convention Centre 7.5
For Religious Buildings 18.3
For Sports Arena 4.3
For Performing Arts Theatre 28.0
For Motion Picture Theatre 12.9
For Transportation 5.4
Atrium-rst three oors 6.5
Atrium-each additional oor 2.2
Lounge/ Recreation 12.9
For Hospital 8.6
Dining Area 9.7
For Hotel 14.0
For Motel 12.9
For Bar Lounge/ Leisure Dining 15.1
For Family Dining 22.6
Food Preparation 12.9
Laboratory 15.1
Restrooms 9.7
Dressing/ Lockers/ Fitting Room 6.5
Corridor/ Transition 5.4
For Hospital 10.8
For Manufacturing facility 5.4
Stairs-active 6.5
Active Storage 8.6
For Hospital 9.7
Inactive Storage 3.2
For Museum 8.6
Electrical/ Mechanical Facility 16.1
Interior Lighting Power Space Function Method
Space Function LPD (W/m
2
) Space Function LPD (W/m
2
)
Workshop 20.5
Convention Centre - Exhibit Space 14.0
Library
For Card File & Cataloguing 11.8
For Stacks 18.3
For Reading Area 12.9
Hospital
For Emergency 29.1
For Recovery 8.6
For Nurse Station 10.8
For Exam Treatment 16.1
For Pharmacy 12.9
For Patient Room 7.5
For Operating Room 23.7
For Nursery 6.5
For Medical Supply 15.1
For Physical Therapy 9.7
For Radiology 4.3
For Laundry - Washing 6.5
Automotive - Service Repair 7.5
Manufacturing Facility
For Low Bay (<8m ceiling) 12.9
For High Bay (>8m ceiling) 18.3
For Detailed Manufacturing 22.6
For Equipment Room 12.9
For Control Room 5.4
Hotel/ Motel Guest Rooms 11.8
Dormitory - Living Quarters 11.8
Museum
For General Exhibition 10.8
For Restoration 18.3
Bank Ofce - Banking Activity Area 16.1
Retail
For Sales Area 18.3
For Mall Concourse 18.3
Sports Arena
For Rising Sports Area 29.1
For Court Sports Area 24.8
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Space Function LPD (W/m
2
) Space Function LPD (W/m
2
)
For Indoor Field Area 15.1
Warehouse
For Fine Material Storage 15.1
For Medium/ Bulky Material
Storage 9.7
Parking Garage - Garage Area 2.2
Transportation
For Airport - Concourse 6.5
For Air/ Train/ Bus-Baggage Area 10.8
For Ticket Counter Terminal 16.1
Source : Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, Table 7.3.2
2.10 False Ceiling Coordination
False ceiling electrical layout will be coordinated with the Architect and the Civil
Engineer so that reected drawing provides for symmetrical and aesthetic layout of
the following:
Fans
Light ttings
A/C Diffuser
Fire detectors
Sprinklers
Speakers etc.
2.11 Functional Areas like Auditorium, Conference Hall, Computer Rooms, and
Library
Special attention to be paid for functional areas to meet the clients requirements, and
functional requirements in coordination with the Architect and to provide for specialized
services like Audio visual system, P.A. System, Sound reinforcement, Stage lighting,
Conference system, Security needs, etc. It may be noted that provision of such services
at a latter stage will not only mar the aesthetics of the building, also will compromise
with efciency of such services for want of proper space etc.
2.12 Areas like Hospitals, Stadia
Planning of such buildings require high degree of professionalism, for application of
latest technology to provide efcient and effective installation.
2.13 Outdoor Lighting, High Mast Lighting, Road Lighting, Security Lighting, Garden
Lighting, Illuminated Fountains
Present day modern buildings require highly aesthetic lighting making use of a variety
of lighting design, themes and xtures available. For proper aesthetic effect, high level
of professional approach is needed based on computer aided design and calculations.
2.13.1 Luminous Efcacy
Luminous efcacy of the outdoor lighting assemblies used in the outdoor lighting
system should be equal to or more than the luminous efcacy mentioned in the table
below. The lighting assembly includes luminaire, lamp and ballast.
18
Luminous efcacy is dened as the ratio of lamp lumen output divided by the total input
power which includes the lamp losses and power losses in ballast.
Luminous efcacy (lm/W) ={lamp lumen output (lm)}/{lamp wattage (W) +ballast
power loss (W)}
Minimum luminous efcacy required to be maintained in
lighting assemblies used in outdoor application
Type of lamp lighting system Luminous efcacy (lm/W)
CFL 65
T-5 Tubular uorescent lamp 100
Metal halide lamp 75
High Pressure Sodium Vapour lamp 90
LED Warm Day Light 80
LED Cool Day Light 70
2.13.2 Lighting Power Density
The installed lighting power density for building exterior lighting applications mentioned
in the table below shall not exceed the limits specied in the table below.
Exterior Lighting Applications Power Limits
Building entrance (with canopy) 13 W/m
2
(1.3 W/ft
2
) of canopied area
Building entrance (without canopy) 90 W/lin m (30 W/lin f) of door width
Building exit 60 W/lin m (20 W/lin f) of door width
Building facades 2 W/m
2
(0.2 W/ft
2
) of vertical facade area

2.13.3 Night Sky Pollution & Light Tresspass
All exterior lighting should be designed to minimize night sky pollution. Only those
areas shall be lighted that are required for safety and comfort. Installation of luminaires
on site and building shall be such that no light tresspassing occurs on the neighbouring
site and buildings.
For Interior Lighting
The angle of maximum candela from each interior luminaire as located in the building
shall intersect opaque building interior surfaces and not exit out through windows.
For Exterior Lighting
All projects dened under the following zones shall follow the requirements for that
specic zone as given below:
19
Dark (Park and Rural Settings)
Design exterior lighting so that all site and building mounted luminaires produce
a maximum initial illuminance value no greater than 0.01 horizontal and vertical
footcandles at the site boundary and beyond.
Lighting Fixture: 0% of the total initial xture lumens are emitted at an angle of 90
degree or higher from nadir.
Low (Residential Areas)
footcandles at the site boundary and no greater than 0.01 horizontal footcandles
10 feet beyond the site boundary.
Medium (Commercial/ Industrial, High Density Residential)
High (Major City Centre, Entertainment Districts)
2.13.4 LED Lighting
2.13.4.1 Features of LED Lighting:
(i) Energy saving
(ii) Long Life
(iii) Rugged and Durable
(iv) Smaller lighting Fixture
(v) Environment friendly no mercury
(vi) Instant starting
(vii) Dimmable for automation
(viii) Available in different colours
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2.13.4.2 Challenges of LED Lightings:
(i) LEDs are not manufactured in India.
(ii) Quality control.
(iii) Expensive.
(iv) Still in development stage. Efciency of LED luminaries is continuously being
upgraded.
(v) No. of electronic items in LED luminaries like driver, PCB, power supply etc. affect
LED life.
(vi) Quality of phosphor coating on LED.
(vii) Diffuser used in LED luminaries, reduces its lumen output.
(viii) Heat Management.
(ix) J unction temperature v/s lumen output.
2.13.4.3 Design Parameter for selecting source of lighting while designing lighting of building/
campus :
Following important parameters be kept in view while deciding the suitable light source
for indoor lighting:-
(i) CRI of the source.
(ii) Usable lumen per watt of tting
(iii) Glaring index of xture
(iv) Life of the lamp
2.13.4.4 The present practice in CPWD while designing indoor lighting is to use T5 lamp in
rooms and CFL lamp in corridors and other common areas due to keeping good CRI
and to maximize usable lumen per watt. HPSV lamp and Metal Halide lamp are being
used for outdoor lighting.
2.13.4.5 Following technical parameters of LED,T5, CFL, HPSV and Metal halide lamp are
brought out:-
LED LED T5 CFL HPSV Metal
(Warm (Cool Lamp Lamp Lamp Halide
White) White) Lamp
CRI 80-85 75 85 85 22 60-90
Efcacy in lm/w 80 132 90 70 95-110 65-70
Usable lm/w 55-65 >100 75-85 50-60 55-65 35-40
Life (Hrs.) 50k+ 50k+ 30k 8-10k 24k 10k-20k
21
2.13.4.5.1 LED lighting has become efcient (luminous efcacy) and with good CRI over HPSV
lamp as well as metal halide lamp, hence it can be used for outdoor lighting applications
which are being done by HPSV and Metal halide lamps.
2.13.4.5.2 In indoor applications for down lighters, task lighting etc. where CFL luminaires are
being used, the luminous efcacy of the LED luminaires is comparable and due to
higher life can be used for such applications.
2.13.4.5.3 Since light output and life of LED is dependent on the driver current and junction
temperature, Indian standards for the LED are now available and luminaires efcacy
and life cycle of T5 lamp selectively for indoor applications in business/ institutional
building only with prior approval of Chief Engineer concerned as consideration of CRI
in these areas is of prime importance. Chief Engineer may approve the type and make
of LED ttings keeping in view of the specic applications and IS.
2.14 Street Light Poles
Hot dipped galvanized poles with integrated in-built control box and lighting brackets
is a preferred option to ensure long life of poles and to delay effect of corrosion. The
height and spacing of poles should be designed with the aid of computers for ensuring
proper lux level. Similarly the wattage and type of luminaires should be decided
based on proper design. But in keeping view of energy efciency, the street and area
lighting should be designed to keep lux level at lower limit specied in the standards.
Having an external control box xed to the pole is not a preferred option for aesthetic/
technical reasons. If it is decided to go for this option, it is better to go for non-metallic
enclosures (like polycarbonate/ engineering plastic) with IP: 65 protections, to avoid
corrosion effect. Similarly street light ttings xed to the wall of the building should
be generally avoided. Also for feeder pillars application, enclosures made of non-
corrosive materials like bre glass/ engineering plastic manufactured by reputed rm
can be used after suitable technical evaluation. (See Fig. 1 for typical road lighting &
Fig. 2 for typical feeder pillar)
2.15 Renewable Energy System
Based on the source of renewable energy, renewable energy systems can be
categorized as:
Systems using direct forms of solar energy (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic
systems),
Systems using indirect forms of solar energy (wind, hydro, bio-energy, and wave
energy systems),
Non-solar based renewable energy systems (geothermal energy systems, tidal
energy systems, and hydrogen and fuel cells).
2.15.1 Use of Solar PV System for Outdoor Lighting
Solar PV system for outdoor lighting should be installed such that a minimum of 25%
of the total number or 15% of the total connected load of outdoor lighting xtures
(whichever is higher) should be powered by solar energy.
22
2.15.2 Renewable Energy Generation System Capacity
A renewable energy system shall be installed in the building and its rated capacity shall
be equal to or more than 1% of internal lighting and space-conditioning connected
loads.
It is recommended that the installed renewable energy system meets the annual
energy requirements of equal to or more than 30% of internal lighting connected loads
or its equivalent in the building.
2.15.3 Renewable Energy Based Water Heating System Capacity
Residential facilities, hotels and hospitals with a centralized system shall have solar
water heating for at least one-fth of the design capacity.
It is recommended that the capacity of the hot water system is such that the annual
energy saved by proposed renewable energy system is more than 70% of annual
energy required for water heating to meet the hot water requirements of the occupants
in the building.
Exception to above:
If the hot water requirement is less than 500 litres per day.
System Efciency
Solar water heater shall meet the performance/ minimum efciency level mentioned in
IS 13129 Part 1& 2.
23
CHAPTER 3
ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION AND WIRING
3.1 Introduction
The electric power will be received and distributed in a building, through following
means:-
(i) Cabling and switchgear to receive power.
The building is divided into convenient number of parts, each part served by a
rising main system to distribute power vertically/horizontally.
(ii) Power ows from rising main through tap-off box to oor main board to nal DBs
and then to wiring.
(iii) Dedicated circuit for different loads such as lighting, HVAC, power plug loads shall
be provided, wherever possible.
(iv) Rising main, which takes care of general lighting and power outlet load of the
building, should have independent cables for lighting as well as power, wherever
possible. Other loads like lifts, water pump sets, other motor loads are fed by
independent cables of suitable capacity fed from properly designed essential/ non-
essential LT power panels with suitably designed switchgear having necessary
control and safely features.
(v) Therefore the distribution/wiring system essentially consists of provision of cables,
switchgear, rising main, bus-ducting, earthing, laying of pipes/ conduits etc. (in
surface or recess) based on proper detailed designing to decide on various sizes/
capacities of these components and various controls and safeties involved, to
provide an efcient, reliable, safe and adequate electrical distribution and wiring
system.
(vi) A typical schematic diagram of power distribution of a building is enclosed. (See
Fig. 3)
3.2 System of Distribution and Wiring
(i) The wiring shall be done from a distribution system through main and/or branch
distribution boards. The system design and location of boards will be properly
worked out.
(ii) Each main distribution board and branch distribution board shall be controlled by
an incoming circuit breaker/linked switch with fuse. Each outgoing circuit shall be
controlled by a circuit breaker/switch with fuse.
24
(iii) For non-residential and residential buildings as far as possible DBs shall be
separate for light and power.
(iv) Only MCCB/MCB/HRC fuse type DBs shall be used. Rewirable type fuses shall
not be used.
(v) Three phase DBs shall not be used for nal circuit distribution as far as possible.
(vi) Power wiring shall be kept separate and distinct from light wiring, from the level of
circuits, i.e., beyond the branch distribution boards. Conduits for light/power wiring
shall be separate.
(vii) Essential/non-essential/UPS distribution each will have a completely independent
and separate distribution system starting from the main, switchboard upto nal
wiring for each system. As for example, conduit carrying non-essential wiring shall
not have essential or UPS wiring. Wiring for essential and UPS supply will have
their own conduit system. No mixing of wiring is allowed.
(viii) Generally, no switchboard will have more than one source of incoming supply.
More than one incoming supply will be allowed only at main board with proper
safety and interlocking so that only one source can be switched on at a time.
(ix) Each MDB/DB/Switch Board will have reasonable spare outgoing ways for future
expansion.
(x) Balancing of 3-phase circuit shall be done.
3.3 Wiring
3.3.1 Submain & Circuit Wiring
(a) Submain Wiring
Submain wiring shall mean the wiring from one main/distribution switchboard to
another.
(b) Circuit Wiring
Circuit wiring shall mean the wiring from the distribution board to the 1st tapping
point inside the switch box, from where point wiring starts.
3.3.2 Measurement of Submain and Circuit Wiring
(i) Circuit and submain wiring shall be measured on linear basis along the run of the
wiring. The measurement shall include all lengths from end to end of conduit or
channel as the case may be, exclusive of interconnections inside the switchboard
etc. The increase on account of diversion or slackness shall not be included in the
measurement.
(ii) The length of circuit wiring with two wires shall be measured from the distribution
board to the nearest switch box from which the point wiring starts. Looping of
switch boxes also will be counted towards circuit wiring, measured along the length
of conduit/channel.
25
(iii) When wires of different circuits are grouped in a single conduit/ channel, the same
shall be measured on linear basis depending on the actual number and sizes of
wires run.
(iv) Protective (loop earthing) conductors, which are run along the circuit wiring and
the submain wiring, shall be measured on linear basis and paid for separately.
Note: Conduit carrying submain will not carry circuit/point wiring. Similarly conduit
carrying circuit wiring will not carry submain/point wiring. Conduit carrying point
wiring will not carry submain/circuit wiring.
3.3.3 Measurement of Other Wiring Work
Except as specied above for point wiring, circuit wiring and submain wiring, other
types of wiring shall be measured separately on linear basis along the run of wiring
depending on the actual number and sizes of wires run.
3.4 Point Wiring
3.4.1 Denition
A point (other than socket outlet point) shall include all work necessary in complete
wiring to the following outlets from the controlling switch or MCB.
(a) Ceiling rose or connector (in the case of points for ceiling/exhaust fan points,
prewired light ttings, and call bells).
(b) Ceiling rose (in case of pendants except stiff pendants).
(c) Back plate (in the case of stiff pendants).
(d) Lamp holder (in the case of goose neck type wall brackets, batten holders and
ttings which are not prewired).
3.4.2 Scope
Following shall be deemed to be included in point wiring:
(a) Conduit/channel as the case may be, accessories for the same and wiring cables
between the switch box and the point outlet, loop protective earthing of each fan/
light xture.
(b) All xing accessories such as clips, screws, Phil plug, rawl plug etc. as required.
(c) Metal or PVC switch boxes for control switches, regulators, sockets etc, recessed
or surface type, and phenolic laminated sheet covers over the same.
(d) Outlet boxes, junction boxes, pull-through boxes etc. but excluding metal boxes if
any, provided with switchboards for loose wires/conduit terminations.
(e) Control switch or MCB, as specied.
(f) 3 pin or 6 pin socket, ceiling rose or connector as required. (2 pin and 5 pin socket
outlet shall not be permitted.)
(g) Connections to ceiling rose, connector, socket outlet, lamp holder, switch etc.
26
(h) Bushed conduit or porcelain tubing where wiring cables pass through wall etc.
(Note: In areas where false ceiling are provided, termination of wires should be
at the ttings. Flexible conduits from ceiling junction box to the ttings shall be
provided duly coupled at both ends. This shall be included within the scope of point
wiring.)
(i) Interconnecting wiring between switches within the switch box on the same circuit.
3.4.3 Measurement
(a) Point Wiring (other than socket outlet points)
(i) Unless and otherwise specied, there shall be no linear measurement for
point wiring for light points, fan points, exhaust fan points and call bell points.
These shall be measured on unit basis by counting, and classied as laid
down in 3.4.4.
3.4.4 Classication
Points measured under 3.4.3 on unit basis shall be classied as under according to the
type of building:
(a) Residential Buildings
(i) Group A, for point wiring for type I, type II and type III residential quarters
and hostels.
(ii) Group B, for point wiring for type IV and above type of residential quarters
and barracks.
(b) Non-residential Buildings
Group C for all types of non-residential buildings such as ofces, hospitals,
laboratories, educational institutions, libraries etc.
(c) For any Other Type of Building
The group under which the points are to be classied shall be decided by the
concerned Chief Engineer (Elect.).
3.4.5 Point Wiring for Socket Outlet Points
(i) The light plug (6 A) point and power (16 A) point wiring shall be measured on linear
basis, from the respective tapping point of live cable, namely, switch box, another
socket outlet point, or the sub-distribution board as the case may be, up to the
socket outlet.
(ii) The metal/PVC box with cover, switch/MCB, socket outlet and other accessories
shall be measured and paid as a separate item.
Note: There shall normally be no on the board light plug point.
(iii) The power point outlet may be 16 A/6 A six pin socket outlet, where so specied in
the tender documents.
27
3.4.6 Group Control Point Wiring
(i) In the case of points with more than one point controlled by the same switch, such
points shall be measured in parts i.e. (a) from the switch to the rst point outlet as
one point and classied according to 3.4.4, and (b) for the subsequent points, the
distance from that outlet to the next one and so on, shall be treated as separate
point(s) and classied according to 3.4.4.
(ii) No recovery shall be made for non-provision of more than one switch in such
cases.
3.4.7 Twin Control Light Point Wiring
(i) A light point controlled by two numbers of two way switches shall be measured as
two points from the tting to the switches on either side and classied according to
3.4.4.
(ii) No recovery shall be made for non-provision of more than one ceiling rose or
connector in such cases.
3.4.8 Multiple Controlled Call Bell Point Wiring
(i) In the case of call bell points with a single call bell outlet, controlled from more than
one place, the points shall be measured in parts i.e.
(a) from the call bell outlet to one of the nearest ceiling roses meant for connection
to bell push, treated as one point and classied according to 3.4.4, and
(b) from that ceiling rose to the next one and so on, shall be treated as separate
point(s) and classied according to 3.4.4.
(ii) No recovery shall be made for non-provision of more than one ceiling rose or
connector for connection to call bell in such cases.
3.5 Wiring System
(i) Wiring shall be done only by the looping system. Phase/live conductors shall be
looped at the switch box. For point wiring, neutral wire/earth wire looping for the
1st point shall be done in the switch box; and neutral/earth looping of subsequent
points will be made from point outlets.
(ii) In wiring, no joints in wiring will be permitted any where, except in switch box or
point outlets, where jointing of wires will be allowed with use of suitable connector.
(iii) The wiring throughout the installation shall be such that there is no break in the
neutral wire except in the form of linked switchgear.
(iv) Light, fans and call bells shall be wired in the lighting circuits. 15A/16A socket
outlets and other power outlets shall be wired in the power circuits. 5A/6A socket
outlets shall also be wired in the power circuit both in residential as well as non-
residential buildings.
28
(v) Colour Coding
Following colour coding shall be followed in wiring:
Phase : Red/Yellow/Blue.(Three phase wiring)
Live : Red (Single phase wiring)
Neutral : Black
Earth : Yellow/Green.
(vi) Termination of Circuit into Switchboard
Circuit will consist of phase/neutral/earth wire. Circuit will terminate in a switch board
(rst tapping point, where from point wiring starts) in following manner:
Phase wire terminated in phase connector.
Neutral wire terminated in neutral connector.
Earth wire terminated in earth connector.
The switchboard will have phase, neutral and earth terminal connector blocks to
receive phase/ neutral/ earth wire.
See Fig 4.
3.6 Run of Wiring
(i) The type of wiring shall be as specied in the tender documents namely, surface
conduit/recessed conduit, steel/PVC, channel.
(ii) Surface wiring shall run as far as possible along the walls and ceiling, so as to be
easily accessible for inspection.
(iii) Above false ceiling, in no case, open wiring shall be allowed. Wiring will be done in
recessed conduit or surface steel conduit.
(iv) In recessed conduit system, routes of conduit will be planned, so that various
inspection boxes provided dont present a shabby look. Such boxes can be
provided 5 mm above plaster level, and they can be covered with plaster of paris
with marking of junction boxes.
(v) Where number of electrical services like electrical wiring, telephone wiring,
computer cabling, pass through corridors, it may be proper to plan such service
with properly designed aluminium/PVC channels duly covered by a false ceiling,
so that subsequently such service can be maintained and additional cables can be
provided.
(vi) Generally conduits for wiring will not be taken in oor slabs. When it is unavoidable
special precaution to be taken to provide oor channels with provision for safety
and maintenance. Alternatively false ooring can be provided.
3.7 Passing through Walls or Floors
(i) When wiring cables are to pass through a wall, these shall be taken through a
protection (steel/ PVC) pipe or porcelain tube of suitable size such that they pass
through in a straight line without twist or cross in them on either porcelain, PVC or
other approved material.
29
(ii) All oor openings for carrying any wiring shall be suitably sealed after installation.
3.8 Joints in Wiring
(i) No bare conductor in phase and/or neutral or twisted joints in phase, neutral, and/
or protective conductors in wiring shall be permitted.
(ii) There shall be no joints in the through-runs of cables. If the length of nal circuit or
submain is more than the length of a standard coil, thus necessitating a through
joint, such joints shall be made by means of approved mechanical connectors in
suitable junction boxes.
(iii) Termination of multistranded conductors shall be done using suitable crimping
type thimbles.
3.9 Ratings of Outlets
(to be adopted for design).
(i) Incandescent lamps in residential and non-residential buildings shall be rated at
60W and 100W respectively.
(ii) Ceiling fans shall be rated at 60W. Exhaust fans, uorescent tubes, compact
uorescent tubes, HPMV lamps, HPSV lamps etc. shall be rated according to their
capacity. Control gear loses shall be also considered as applicable.
(iii) 6A and 16A socket outlet points shall be rated at 100W and 1000W respectively,
unless the actual values of loads are specied.
3.10 Capacity of Circuits
(i) Lighting circuit shall feed light/fan/ call bell points. Each circuit shall not have more
than 800 Watt connected load or more than 10 points whichever is less. However,
in case of CFL points where load per point may be less, number of points may be
suitably increased.
(ii) Power circuit in non-residential building will have only one outlet per circuit.
(iii) Each power circuit in residential building can feed following outlets:
(a) Not more than 2 Nos. 16A outlets.
(b) Not more than 3 Nos. 6A outlets.
(c) Not more than 1 No.16A and 2 Nos. 6A outlets.
(iv) Load more than 1 KW shall be controlled by suitably rated MCB and cable size
shall be decided as per calculations.
(v) Power Wiring with Bus Trunking
It is permitted to meet large-scale power requirement in a hall, or oor, with use
of single phase or 3 phase bus bars running inside a metal enclosure. This will be
provided with careful design and use of factory fabricated bus-trunking of reputed
make, conforming to relevant BIS standards and with standard accessories like
End feed unit, tap off with necessary safety features like over current, short-circuit
and earth fault protection. Such trunking will be of specied breaking KA rating.
30
3.11 Socket Outlets
(i) Socket outlets modular type shall be 6A 3 pin, 16 Amp 3 pin or 16/6 Amp 6 pin. 5
pin socket outlets will not be permitted.
The third pin shall be connected to earth through protective (loop earthing)
conductor. 2 pin or 5 pin sockets shall not be permitted to be used.
(ii) Conductors connecting electrical appliances with socket outlets shall be of exible
type with an earthing conductor for connection to the earth terminal of plug and the
metallic body of the electrical appliance.
(iii) Sockets for the power outlets of rating above 1KW shall be of industrial type with
associated plug top and controlling MCB.
(iv) Where specied, shutter type (interlocking type) of sockets shall be used.
(v) Every socket outlet shall be controlled by a switch or MCB, as specied. The
control switch/MCB shall be connected on the live side of the line.
(vi) 5A/6A and 15A/16A socket outlets shall be installed at the following positions,
unless otherwise specied.
(a) Non-residential buildings 23 cm above oor level.
(b) Kitchen 23 cm above working platform and away from the likely positions
of stove and sink.
(c) Bathroom No socket outlet is permitted for connecting a portable appliance
thereto. MCB/IC switch may be provided above 2 m for xed appliances, and
at least 1 m away from shower.
(d) Rooms in residences 23 cm above oor level, or any other level in special
cases as desired by the Engineer-in-charge.
(vii) Unless and otherwise specied, the control switches for the 6A and 16A socket
outlets shall be kept along with the socket outlets.
3.12 Cables
(i) Copper conductor cable only will be used for submain/ circuit/ point wiring.
(ii) Minimum size of wiring:
Light Wiring : 1.5 sq.mm.
Power Wiring : 4.0 sq.mm.
Power circuit rated : More than 1 KW, Size as per calculation.
(iii) Insulation : Copper conductor cable shall be PVC insulated conforming
to BIS Specication.
(iv) Multi stranded : Cables are permitted to be used.
3.13 Flexible Cable
(i) Conductor of exible cables shall be of copper. The cross sectional area of
conductor for exible cable shall be as per design.
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(ii) Only 3 core exible cables shall be used for connecting single-phase appliances.
(iii) Unless the exible cables are mechanically protected by armour, or tough rubber,
or PVC sheath, these shall not be used in workshops and other places where they
are liable to mechanical damage.
(iv) Flexible cable connection to bell push from ceiling rose shall be taken through
steel conduit/metallic casing and capping.
3.14 Wiring Accessories
(a) Control Switches for Point
(i) Control switches (single pole switch) carrying not more than 16A shall be
modular type. The switch shall be On when the knob is down.
(ii) (a) In type I, II & III quarters, Barracks & school buildings (except principals
& staff rooms) etc. Piano type switches shall be provided (unless
specically asked for by the user department / Architect.)
(b) Modular type switches to be provided for remaining types of buildings
i.e. in all types of remaining non-residential buildings & residential
buildings of type IV & above & Transit hostel or as may be decided
by the Architect/ user department. (Note: Provision is meant for new
constructions and in existing buildings during rewiring if the building
work renovation is also in progress in the area. Otherwise existing type
of piano switches will be continued.)
(iii) It is recommended to provide double pole MCB in proper enclosure as power
outlet for window type AC units, geysers etc.
(b) Switch Box
(i) Switch box shall be hot dip galvanized, factory fabricated, suitable in size
for surface/ recess mounting and suitable in size for accommodating the
required number of switches and accessories (where required to be used for
applications other then modular switches/ sockets).
(ii) Switch box also can be of non-metallic material. The technical sanctioning
authority will approve specied makes of reputed quality and specications.
(c) Switch Box Covers (for application other than modular type)
Phenolic laminated sheets of approved shade shall be used for switch box covers.
These shall be of 3 mm thick synthetic phenolic resin bonded laminated sheet as
base material and conforming to grade P- I of IS 2036 : 1974.
Note: Specication for switch boxes is covered in the chapters on the various
types of wiring.
(d) Ceiling Rose
(i) A ceiling rose shall not be used on a circuit, the voltage of which normally
exceeds 250V.
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(ii) Only one exible cord shall be connected to a ceiling rose. Specially designed
ceiling roses shall be used for multiple pendants.
(iii) A ceiling rose shall not embody fuse terminal as an integral part of it.
(e) Lamp Holders
(i) Lamp holders may be batten, angle, pendant or bracket holder type as
required. The holder shall be made of brass and shall be rigid enough to
maintain shape on application of a nominal external pressure. There should
be sufcient threading for xing the base to the lamp holder part so that they
do not open out during attention to the lamp or shade.
(ii) Lamp holders for use on brackets and the like shall have not less than 1.3 cm
nipple, and all those for use with exible pendant shall be provided with cord
grips.
(iii) All lamp holders shall be provided with shade carriers.
(iv) Where center contact Edison Screw lamp holders are used, the outer or
screw contact shall be connected to the middle wire, or the neutral conductor
of the circuit.
(f) Fittings
Types : The type of ttings shall be as specied in tender documents.
Indoor Type Fittings
(i) Where conductors are required to be drawn through tube or channel leading
to the tting, the tube or channel must be free from sharp angles or projecting
edge, and of such size as will enable them to be wired with the conductors
used for the nal circuit without removing the braiding or sheathing. As far
as possible all such tubes or channels should be of sufcient size to permit
looping back.
(ii) Wires used within prewired ttings shall be exible with PVC insulation and
14/0.193 mm (minimum) copper conductors. The leads shall be terminated
on built-in-terminal block, ceiling rose or connector, as required.
(iii) Fittings using discharge lamps shall be complete with power factor correction
capacitors, either integrally or externally. An earth terminal with suitable
marking shall be provided for each tting for discharge lamps.
(iv) Fittings shall be installed such that the lamp is at a height of 2.4m above oor
level, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
(v) Fittings made of CRCA shall be phosphatized and powder/epoxy painted.
For coastal areas and humid area like toilets, kitchen, for prolonging the life
of such ttings, corrosion free materials like engineering plastic, aluminium,
stainless steel etc. should be used.
Outdoor Fittings
Outdoor ttings shall have suitable IP protection. It is preferable that street light
33
ttings are of cast aluminium body of IP 65, for reducing recurring maintenance
cost and improved performance. Where required IP 66 ttings also can be provided
for reducing maintenance frequency and cost.
Other ttings, which are not available with tested IP 65/54 protection, can be
properly fabricated with weatherproof features, proper gasketing etc. As far as
possible corrosion free material like cast aluminium, stainless steel, engineering
plastics may be used for fabrication of such ttings, to prolong life of such ttings.
There should not be any exposed wiring in such outdoor ttings.
3.15 Attachment of Fittings and Accessories
(a) Conduit Wiring System
(i) All accessories like switches, socket outlets, call bell pushes and regulators
shall be xed in ush pattern inside the switch/regulator boxes. Accessories
like ceiling roses, brackets, batten holders etc. shall be xed on outlet boxes.
The fan regulators may also be xed on outlet boxes, if so directed by the
Engineer-in-charge.
(ii) Aluminium alloy or cadmium plated iron screws shall be used to x the
accessories to their bases.
(iii) The switch box/regulator box shall normally be mounted with their bottom
1.25 m from oor level, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
(b) Fixing to Walls and Ceiling
(i) Wooden plugs for xing to wall/ceiling will not be allowed. Fixing will be done
with the help of PVC sleeves/Rowel plugs/ dash fasteners as required.
(ii) Drilling of holes shall be done by drilling machines only. No manual drilling of
hole will be allowed.
3.16 Fans, Regulators and Clamps
(a) Ceiling Fans
(i) Ceiling fans including their suspension shall conform to relevant Indian
Standards.
(ii) The capacity of a ceiling fan to meet the requirement of a room with the
longer dimension D meters should be about 55 D m
3
/min.
(iii) The height of fan blades above the oor should be (3H +W)/4, where H is the
height of the room, and W is the height of the work plane.
(iv) The minimum distance between fan blades and the ceiling should be about
0.3 meters.
(v) When actual ventilated zone does not cover the entire room area, then
optimum size of ceiling fan should be chosen based on the actual usable
area of the room, rather than the total oor area of the room.
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(vi) The number of fans and the optimum sizes for rooms of different dimensions
are given in the following table:
Optimum Size/Number of Fans for Rooms of Different Sizes
Room
Width
Room Length
m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m 11m 12m 14m 16m
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
3 1200/1 1400/1 1500/1 1050/2 1200/2 1400/2 1400/2 1400/2 1200/3 1400/3 1400/3
4 1200/1 1400/1 1200/2 1200/2 1200/2 1400/2 1400/2 1500/2 1200/3 1400/3 1500/3
5 1400/1 1400/1 1400/2 1400/2 1400/2 1400/2 1400/2 1500/2 1400/3 1400/3 1500/3
6 1200/2 1400/2 900/4 1050/4 1200/4 1400/4 1400/4 1500/4 1200/6 1400/6 1500/6
7 1200/2 1400/2 1050/4 1050/4 1200/4 1400/4 1400/4 1500/4 1200/6 1400/6 1500/6
8 1200/2 1400/2 1200/4 1200/4 1200/4 1400/4 1400/4 1500/4 1200/6 1400/6 1500/6
9 1400/2 1400/2 1400/4 1400/4 1400/4 1400/4 1400/4 1500/4 1400/6 1400/6 1500/6
10 1400/2 1400/2 1400/4 1400/4 1400/4 1400/4 1400/4 1500/4 1400/6 1400/6 1500/6
11 1500/2 1500/2 1500/4 1500/4 1500/4 1500/4 1500/4 1500/4 1500/6 1500/6 1500/6
12 1200/3 1400/3 1200/6 1200/6 1200/6 1400/6 1400/6 1500/6 1200/7 1400/9 1400/9
13 1400/3 1400/3 1200/6 1200/6 1200/6 1400/6 1400/6 1500/6 1400/9 1400/9 1500/9
14 1400/3 1400/3 1400/6 1400/6 1400/6 1400/6 1400/6 1500/6 1400/9 1400/9 1500/9
Note : This table is indicative only. Case specic design should be done by eld ofcers based on site conditions
& constraints.
(vii) Energy Efcient fans with BEE 3-5 star rating or complying with IS 374: 1979,
shall be used. The minimum service value of fans shall be 3.5 m
3
/min/W and
air delivery 200 m
3
/min.
The values of service factor and air delivery for ceiling fans with 1200 mm
sweep are given in the table below:
Star Rating Index Calculation for Ceiling Fans (1200 mm sweep)
Star Rating Service Value for Ceiling Fans*
1 Star >3.2 to <3.4
2 Star >3.4 to <3.6
3 Star >3.6 to <3.8
4 Star >3.8 to <4.0
5 Star >4.0
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* Where x is the base service value as per IS 374 : 1979. BEE has proposed
a base service value of 3.2 at present and would upgrade it to higher value
once the BIS value is nalised.
* The BIS has proposed from the year 2010 the service value of 3.5.
* All ceiling fans covered under this standard shall comply with minimum air
Delivery of 210 m
3
/min.
For other fan size (mm) the following table may be considered
Standard Power with Air Delivery of Fan as per the IS 374 Code
Fan Size Type Minimum Air Minimum Maximum
Delivery Service Value Power Input
(mm) m
3
/min m
3
/min/W W
900 Capacitor AC 130 3.1 42
DC 130 3.4 38
1050 Capacitor AC 150 3.1 48
DC 150 3.4 44
1200 Capacitor AC 200 4 50
DC 200 4.6 44
1400 Capacitor AC 245 4.1 60
DC 245 4.8 51
1500 Capacitor AC 270 4.3 63
DC 270 5.1 53
Note: Air delivery values are on the basis of air velocity measurements up to 15m/
min.
(viii) Step Type Electronic regulators should be used instead of resistance type
regulators for controlling speed of fans.
(ix) All ceiling fans shall be wired to ceiling roses or to special connector boxes,
and suspended from hooks or shackles, with insulators between hooks and
suspension rods. There shall be no joint in the suspension rod.
(x) For wooden or steel joists and beams, the suspension shall consist of GI
at of size not less than 40 mm x 6 mm, secured on the sides of the joists
or beams by means of two coach screws of size not less than 5 cm for each
at. Where there is space above the beam, a through-bolt of size not less
than 1.5 cm dia, shall be placed above the beam from which the ats are
suspended. In the latter case, the ats shall be secured from movements by
means of another bolt and nut at the bottom of the beam. A hook consisting of
MS rod of size not less than 1.5 cm dia shall be inserted between the MS at
through oval holes on their sides. Alternatively, the ats may be bent inwards
to hold tightly between them by means of a bolt and nut, a hook of S form.
36
(xi) In the case of I beams, ats shall be shaped suitably to catch the anges
and shall be held together by means of a long bolt and nut.
(xii) For concrete roofs, a 12 mm dia. MS rod in the shape of U with their vertical
legs bent horizontally at the top at least 19 cm on either side, and bound to
the top reinforcement of the roof shall be used, as shown in Fig. 5.
(xiii) In buildings with concrete roofs having a low ceiling height, where the fan
clamp mentioned under sub-clause (v) above cannot be used, or wherever
specied, recessed type fan clamp inside metallic box, as shown in Fig. 6
shall be used.
(xiv) Canopies on top of suspension rod shall effectively hide the suspension.
(xv) The leading in wire shall be of nominal cross sectional area not less than 1.5
sq. mm. and shall be protected from abrasion.
(xvi) Unless otherwise specied, all ceiling fans shall be hung 2.75 m above the
oor.
(xvii) In the case of measurement of extra down rod for ceiling fan including wiring,
the same shall be measured in units of 10 cm. Any length less than 5 cm shall
be ignored.
(xviii) The wiring of extra down rod shall be paid as supplying and drawing cable in
existing conduit.
(b) Exhaust Fans
(i) Exhaust fans shall conform to relevant Indian Standards.
(ii) Exhaust fans shall be erected at the places indicated by the Engineer-in-
charge. For xing an exhaust fan, a circular opening shall be provided in
the wall to suit the size of the frame, which shall be xed by means of rag
bolts embedded in the wall. The hole shall be neatly plastered to the original
nish of the wall. The exhaust fan shall be connected to the exhaust fan
point, which shall be wired as near to the opening as possible, by means of
a exible cord, care being taken to see that the blades rotate in the proper
direction.
(iii) Exhaust fans for installation in corrosive atmosphere, shall be painted with
special PVC paint or chlorinated rubber paint.
(iv) Installation of exhaust fans in kitchens, dark rooms and such other special
locations need careful consideration; any special provisions needed shall be
specied.
(c) Regulators
The metallic body of regulators of ceiling fans/exhaust fans shall be connected to
earth by protective conductor.
3.17 Marking of Switch Boards
(i) Schematic Diagram
First a comprehensive schematic diagram for each building is to be prepared,
starting from Main LT Panel, rising main, submain boards, DBs, etc. and the
37
manner in which they are connected. This will include essential, non-essential and
UPS systems. Sizes of interconnecting main/submain cables shall be indicated.
(ii) Marking of each Main Board
Each main board/submain board shall be marked indicating rating of each incoming/
outgoing switch and the details of load/area it feeds. Detail/size of incoming and
outgoing cable also shall be marked indicating from where the incoming cable has
originated.
(iii) Marking of Distribution Board
Each Distribution Board shall be marked indicating detail of incoming switch (Size
of cable and from where it is fed) and marking of each outgoing MCB indicating the
area it feeds. Suitable marking sticker will be suitably xed to indicate such details.
(iv) Marking of Power/Light DBs
Power/light DBs shall be marked P and L respectively.
(v) Marking for Non-essential/Essential/UPS/Switch Boards
Each switchboard shall be marked essential/non-essential/UPS to indicate the
nature of such switchboards.
(vi) Marking of Main Earthing Terminal
Main arthing terminals in main/submain switchboard shall be permanently marked,
as Safety Earth Dont Remove.
3.18 LT Distribution Switchgear
Only following type switchboards will be used:
(a) Main/Submain switchboard of cubicle type.
(b) DBs Conventional DBs of reputed makes can also be used with the approval of
technical sanctioning authority in addition to prewired DB.
(c) Specially designed switchboards.
Also specially designed switchboards can be used with detailed specication and
fabrication drawings approved by the technical sanctioning authority.
(d) Specications of cubicle panel and pre-wired DB are given in Clause 7.1.2 of
Chapter 7.
3.19 Location of Switchboards
(i) Switchboards are to be located in common areas like corridors, lobby etc. and not
to be located in locked room.
(ii) Switchboard shall be located only in dry situation and in well-ventilated space.
They shall not be placed in the vicinity of storage battery or exposed to chemical
fume.
38
(iii) Switchboards shall not be erected above gas stove, or sinks or within 2.5 meter of
any washing unit in washing rooms of launderings or in the bath rooms, toilets, or
kitchen.
(iv) As far as possible main boards shall not be located in basement. Such main boards
can be located in ground oor.
(v) It is preferable to locate oor main boards in rising main shafts of adequate size,
with steel doors (having ventilation) or in suitable room.
(vi) Similarly DBs can be in suitable nitches in corridor walls having doors.
(vii) Locating main boards under staircase or standing open in corridor is not a desirable
practice, besides being highly unaesthetic.
(viii) The main switchboard, which receives power to the building, should be invariably
located in a switch room, having round the clock access, for emergency attendance
to the switchboard.
3.20 Guidelines for Planning Residential Areas
(i) U.G. System of Power Distribution, Street Lighting, Telephone Cabling and
TV Cabling
For long-term economical maintenance, better reliability of service, safety,
protection against heavy rains, storm, wind etc. and aesthetics, under ground
cable system will be generally followed. Also considering the high cost of land,
under ground system results in better economic utilization of land area, otherwise
substantial land route has to be earmarked for overhead lines.
(ii) Efcient working of street lights and staircase lighting is required for security of the
colony and safety and convenience of the residents. Therefore adequate street
lighting, staircase lighting is to be provided. Generally back lanes of residential
blocks remain dark. Such areas are also to be covered by basic street lighting for
security.
(iii) Kitchen
(i) Exhaust fans opening with one point outlet to be provided irrespective of
yardstick of provision of exhaust fans.
(ii) In addition to one 16 A 6-pin power outlet for kitchen, one 3 pin 6 Amp. outlet
to be provided for water lter.
(iv) Washing Machine
Location to be nalized in consultation with the Architect. A power outlet plus water
supply/drainage to be coordinated with Architect/Civil Engineer.
(v) Meter Board
(For a Block of Quarters)
Generally for a block of quarters of 2/3/4 storied, electric supply for each block is
received in a meter board, where a cubicle meter panel is provided with system of
power distribution to each quarter.
(See Fig. 7)
39
At present such meter boards are invariably located under staircase. This is not a
desirable practice from technical/aesthetic viewpoint.
It is technically desirable to coordinate with Architect to provide separate meter
room for each block of quarters or a number of blocks.
(vi) Stair Case Lighting
Stair case lighting is to be treated as an extension of street lighting, for security
and convenience of the residents. CFL (1 x 11 Watt) type stair case lighting may be
provided to reduce load. As for example, need of 200 quarters can be met with 100
CFL tting (each of 11 watt), with connected load of 1.5 KW only. Incandescent stair
case lighting and bulk head ttings should not be provided, in view of excessive
energy consumption and low burning hours.
(vii) Emergency Electric Supply
For ensuring essential water supply and security lighting, a D.G. set to be provided
for each colony to take care of water supply pump set, street lighting and essential
load requirement of buildings like CGHS Dispensary, Community Center etc.
(viii) Fittings
Subject to limit of yardstick of ttings for various types of quarters following
guidelines to be provided:
(i) Every room to be provided with one uorescent tting for energy saving.
(ii) Kitchen to be provided with a uorescent tting, tapped from a batten holder
(through an adopter), so that in case of need batten holder can be used with
bulbs.
(iii) Incandescent bulkhead ttings not to be used.
(iv) Quality ttings of reputed make to be used.
(ix) Main Board of Each Quarter
It shall be MCB type with provision of ELCB with the incoming MCB. It shall be
located in a nitch with ventilated door cover, in the room connecting to the entry of
the quarter. MCB DB shall be pre-wired type, for trouble free service.
(x) Corrosion Free Fittings
Coastal areas and humid areas like kitchen, toilet are subject to corrosion, which
substantially reduces the useful life of such ttings, besides giving an ugly look on
account of rusting.
Therefore for coastal areas, and other humid areas corrosion free type of ttings
(like aluminium, stainless steel, engineering plastic) should be used, for ensuring
long life of such ttings and to achieve life cycle economy, after taking into account
recurring expenditure on account of painting of ttings.
(xi) Telephone Wiring
Telephone wiring is to be provided for each quarter. One outlet up to type III quarters,
40
two outlets up to type IV quarters and three outlets above type IV quarters. Such
telephone wiring to be brought to a tag-block at a suitable point in ground oor.
Provisions shall be kept for suitable entry-pipe for laying incoming telephone cable.
(xii) TV Cabling
Internal TV cabling shall be provided, with two outlets up to type III quarters and
three outlets for type IV quarters and above. Similarly, from suitable point at ground
oor, TV cabling shall be provided. With use of suitable splitters, such TV cabling
to be connected to each quarter.
(xiii) Lighting for Parks
Colonies are provided with parks. Such parks should be provided with adequate
lights to include area lights, pathway lights etc. so that the parks can be effectively
used by the residents and they remain secure during night time.
(xiv) External Pipe Network for Laying Telephone and TV Cabling for the Colony
Starting from a suitable room, pipe network may be provided to lay telephones/TV
cables for the colony. Suitable road cross pipe and manholes to be provided for
drawing such cables and their maintenance.
(xv) Preliminary Estimate to Take Care of Telephone/TV Cabling in a Colony
At present, such services are provided in a very crude manner making use of
existing poles and hanging cables. Apart from making colonies shabby, such
services are subject to damages and unsatisfactory service. Therefore preliminary
estimate should provide for such TV/Telephone cabling for the colony.
(xvi) Other Allied Services
Modern residential colonies require support services like CCTV (for Gate and
house security), intercom system, basic security system etc. for the safety and
convenience of the residents. Therefore, preliminary estimate should provide for
basic provisions for such safety/security systems. Most of these services pay for
themselves within 3 / 4 years of installation, besides providing security, which
sometimes amount to life saving instances.
3.21 Guidelines for Planning Ofce Buildings
(i) The main objective is to avoid possible re hazards, which calls for sound detailed
designing and use of quality equipments and materials executed with sound
workmanship and supervision.
(ii) All control LT Panels, controlling power supply to the entire building will be located
in a centralized room, from where centralized control and monitoring of the entire
power supply system can be made.
(iii) Earth fault protection shall be provided for each individual building at the LT
receiving point i.e. Main LT Panel. ELCB shall not be provided as a matter of
routine in distribution boards. These can be provided, if required, by the Chief
Engineer (E), in charge.
41
(iv) Ofce buildings are prone to re hazard during night hours. Therefore, after ofce
hours, all the LT Panels should be switched off. Based on need of the building,
only the specied LT panel to be kept ON which feed the loads during night hours.
Such panel, called common service panel, may feed following loads, which are
normally used after ofce hours:-
(a) Some specied lifts.
(b) Staircase/ Corridor/ Compound light.
(c) Fire protection loads.
(d) Pump Sets.
(e) Other loads which are kept ON after ofce hours.
(v) Reliability of Power Supply
Minimum two transformers to be provided to provide certain redundancy. Also a
smaller size transformer may be provided to take care of reduced load during
after ofce hours to have energy saving of transformer, after proper technical
evaluation.
(vi) It is preferable to plan for a separate service building, to combine all electrical
and mechanical services of the building, so that the services can be maintained
comprehensively at a lower cost and also reducing the overall area requirement.
Such service building can combine electric sub-station, DG Sets, UPS, Air-
conditioning Plant, water supply pump sets, etc.
(vii) While planning, maintainability of various services to be ensured, like providing
facilities like access, approachability of various equipments, maintenance space
etc.
42
CHAPTER 4
METALLIC CONDUIT WIRING SYSTEM
4.0 Scope
This chapter covers the detailed requirements for wiring work in metallic conduits. This
chapter covers both surface and recessed types of works.
4.1 Application
(i) Recessed conduit is suitable generally for all applications. Surface conduit work
may be adopted in places like workshops, plant rooms, pump rooms, wiring above
false ceiling/below false ooring, and at locations where recessed work may not
be possible to be done. The type of work, viz. surface or recessed, shall be as
specied in the respective works.
(ii) Flexible conduits may only be permitted for interconnections between switchgear,
DBs and conduit terminations in wall.
4.2 Material
4.2.1 Conduits
(i) All rigid conduit pipes shall be of steel and be ISI marked. The wall thickness
shall be not less than 1.6 mm (16 SWG) for conduits upto 32 mm dia and not less
than 2 mm (14 SWG) for conduits above 32 mm dia. These shall be solid drawn or
reamed by welding, and nished with galvanized or stove enameled surface.
(ii) The maximum number of PVC insulated cables conforming to IS 694 : 1990 that
can be drawn in one conduit is given size wise in Table I, and the number of cables
per conduit shall not be exceeded. Conduit sizes shall be selected accordingly in
each run.
(iii) No steel conduit less than 20 mm in diameter shall be used.
4.2.2 Conduit Accessories
(i) The conduit wiring system shall be complete in all respects, including their
accessories.
(ii) All conduit accessories shall be of threaded type, and under no circumstances pin
grip type or clamp grip type accessories shall be used.
43
(iii) Bends, couplers etc. shall be solid type in recessed type of works and may be solid
or inspection type as required, in surface type of works.
(iv) (a) Saddles for surface conduit work on wall shall not be less than 0.55 mm (24
gauges) for conduits upto 25 mm dia and not less than 0.9 mm (20 gauges)
for larger diameter. The corresponding widths shall be 19 mm & 25 mm.
(b) The minimum width and the thickness of girder clips used for xing conduits
to steel joists, and clamps shall be as per Table II.
4.2.3 Outlets
(i) The switch box or regulator box shall be made of metal on all sides, except
on the front. In the case of cast boxes, the wall thickness shall be at least
3 mm and in case of welded mild steel sheet boxes, the wall thickness shall not be
less than 1.2 mm (18 gauge) for boxes upto a size of 20 cm x 30 cm, and above
this size 1.6 mm (16 gauge) thick MS boxes shall be used. The metallic boxes shall
be duly painted with anticorrosive paint before erection as per chapter 15 of these
Specications.
(ii) (a) Outlet boxes shall be of one of the size, covered in the Schedule of Rates
(Elect.), 2012
(b) Where a large number of control switches and/or fan regulators are required
to be installed at one place, these shall be installed in more than one outlet
box adjacent to each other for ease of maintenance.
(iii) An earth terminal with stud and 2 metal washers and terminal block shall be provided
in each MS box for termination of protective conductors and for connection to
socket outlet/metallic body of fan regulator etc.
(iv) A metal strip shall be welded/screwed, to the metal box as support if tumbler type
of control switches, sockets and/or fan regulators in ush pattern.
(v) Clear depth of the box shall not be less than 60 mm and this shall be
increased suitably to accommodate mounting of fan regulators in ush pattern.
(vi) The fan regulators can also be mounted on the switch box covers, if so stipulated
in the tender specications, or if so directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
(vii) Except where otherwise stated, 3 mm thick phenolic laminated sheets as per
clause 3.14(c) shall be xed on the front with brass screws, or aluminium alloy/
cadmium plated iron screws as approved by the Engineer-in-charge.
4.3 Installation
4.3.1 Common Aspects for Recessed and Surface Conduit Works
(i) Conduit Joints
(a) The conduit work of each circuit or section shall be completed before the
cables are drawn in.
(b) Conduit pipes shall be joined by means of screwed couplers and screwed
accessories only. Threads on conduit pipes in all cases shall be between
44
13 mm to 19 mm long, sufcient to accommodate pipes to full threaded
portion of couplers or accessories.
(c) Cut ends of conduit pipes shall have no sharp edges, nor any burrs left to
avoid damage to the insulation of the conductors while pulling them through
such pipes.
(d) The Engineer-in-charge, with a view to ensuring that the above provision
has been carried out, may require that the separate lengths of conduit etc.,
after they have been prepared, shall be submitted for inspection before being
xed.
(e) No bare threaded portion of conduit pipe shall be allowed, unless such bare
threaded portion is treated with anticorrosive preservative or covered with
approved plastic compound.
(ii) Bends in Conduit
(a) All necessary bends in the system, including diversion, shall be done either
by neatly bending the pipes without cracking with a bending radius of not
less than 7.5 cm, or alternatively, by inserting suitable solid or inspection
type normal bends, elbows or similar ttings, or by xing cast iron inspection
boxes, whichever is most suitable.
(b) No length of conduit shall have more than the equivalent of four quarter
bends from outlet to outlet.
(c) Conduit ttings shall be avoided as far as possible on conduit system exposed
to weather. Where necessary, solid type ttings shall be used.
(iii) Outlets
(a) All outlets such as switches, wall sockets etc. may be either ush mounting
type, or of surface mounting type, as specied in the Additional Specications.
(b) All switches (except piano type switches), socket outlets and fan regulators
shall be xed on metal strips which shall be screwed / welded to the box.
Piano type switches and accessories shall be xed on the phenolic laminated
sheet covers in ush pattern.
(iv) Painting after Erection
After installation, all accessible surfaces of conduit pipes, ttings, switch and
regulator boxes etc. shall be painted in compliance with the clauses under Chapter
15 Painting.
4.3.2 Additional Requirements for Surface Conduit Work
(i) Painting before Erection
The outer surface of conduit including all bends, unions, tees, junction boxes etc.
forming part of the conduit system, shall be adequately protected against rust
when such system is exposed to weather, by being painted with 2 coats of red
oxide paint applied before they are xed.
45
(ii) Fixing Conduit on Surface
(a) Conduit pipes shall be xed by saddles, secured to suitable approved plugs
with screws in an approved manner at an interval of not more than one meter,
but on either side of the couplers or bends or similar ttings, saddles shall be
xed at a distance of 30 cm from the center of such ttings.
(b) Where conduit pipes are to be laid along the trusses, steel joists etc. the
same shall be secured by means of saddles or girder clips or clamps as
required by the Engineer-in-charge.
(c) In long distance straight run of conduit, inspection type couplers at reasonable
intervals shall be provided, or running threads with couplers and jam nuts
shall be provided.
(iii) Fixing Outlet Boxes
Only portion of the switch box shall be sunk in the wall, the other portion being
projected out for suitable entry of conduit pipes into the box.
4.3.3 Additional Requirements for Recessed Conduit Work
(i) Making Chase
(a) The chase in the wall shall be neatly made and of ample dimensions to permit
the conduit to be xed in the manner desired.
(b) In the case of buildings under construction, the conduits shall be buried in the
wall before plastering, and shall be nished neatly after erection of conduit.
(c) In case of exposed brick / rubble masonry work, special care shall be taken
to x the conduit and accessories in position along with the building work.
(ii) Fixing Conduits in Chase
(a) The conduit pipe shall be xed by means of staples, J -hooks, or by means
of saddles, not more than 60 cm apart or by any other approved means of
xing.
(b) All threaded joints of conduit pipes shall be treated with some approved
preservative compound to secure protection against rust.
(iii) Fixing Conduits in RCC Work
(a) The conduit pipes shall be laid in position and xed to the steel reinforcement
bars by steel binding wires before the concreting is done. The conduit pipes
shall be xed rmly to the steel reinforcement bars to avoid their dislocation
during pouring of cement concrete and subsequent tamping of the same.
(b) Fixing of standard bends or elbows shall be avoided as far as practicable,
and all curves shall be maintained by bending the conduit pipe itself with a
long radius, which will permit easy drawing in of conductors.
(c) Location of inspection / junction boxes in RCC work should be identied by
suitable means to avoid unnecessary chipping of the RCC slab subsequently
to locate these boxes.
46
(iv) Fixing Inspection Boxes
(a) Suitable inspection boxes to the minimum requirement shall be provided to
permit inspection and to facilitate replacement of wires, if necessary.
(b) These shall be mounted ush with the wall or ceiling concrete. Minimum 65
mm depth junction boxes shall be used in roof slabs and the depth of the
boxes in other places shall be as per IS 2667 : 1988.
(c) Suitable ventilating holes shall be provided in the inspection box covers.
(v) Fixing Switch Boxes and Accessories
Switch boxes shall be mounted ush with the wall. All outlets such as switches,
socket outlets etc. shall be ush mounting type, unless otherwise specied in the
Additional Specications.
(vi) Fish Wire
To facilitate subsequent drawing of wires in the conduit, GI sh wire of
1.6 mm/1.2 mm (16/18 SWG) shall be provided along with the laying of the
recessed conduit.
(vii) Bunching of Cables
(a) Cables carrying Direct Current may, if desired, be bunched whatever their
polarity, but cables carrying alternating current, if installed in metal conduit
shall always be bunched so that the outgoing and return cables are drawn
into the same conduit.
(b) Where the distribution is for single phase loads only, conductors for these
phases shall be drawn in one conduit.
(c) In case of three phase loads, separate conduits shall be run from the
distribution boards to the load points, or outlets as the case may be.
4.3.4 Earthing Requirements
(i) The entire system of metallic conduit work, including the outlet boxes and other
metallic accessories, shall be mechanically and electrically continuous by proper
screwed joints, or by double check nuts at terminations. The conduit shall be
continuous when passing through walls or oors.
(ii) A protective (loop earthing) conductor(s) shall be laid inside the conduit between
the metallic switch boxes and distribution switch boards and terminated with proper
earth lugs/ terminals. Only PVC insulated copper conductor cable of specied size
green in colour shall be allowed.
(iii) The protective conductors shall be terminated properly using earth studs, earth
terminal block etc. as the case may be.
(iv) Gas or water pipe shall not be used as protective conductor (earth medium).
47
TABLE I
Maximum Number of PVC Insulated 650/1100 V grade Aluminium /
Copper Conductor Cable conforming to IS 694 : 1990
[Clause 4.2.1 (ii)]
Nominal cross
sectional area
of conductor in
sq.mm
20 mm 25 mm 32 mm 38 mm 51 mm 64 mm
S B S B S B S B S B S B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1.50 5 4 10 8 18 12
2.50 5 3 8 6 12 10
4 3 2 6 5 10 8
6 2 5 4 8 7
10 2 4 3 6 5 8 6
16 2 2 3 3 6 5 10 7 12 8
25 3 2 5 3 8 6 9 7
35 3 2 6 5 8 6
50 5 3 6 5
70 4 3 5 4
Note:
(1) The above table shows the maximum capacity of conduits for a simultaneous
drawing in of cables.
(2) The columns headed S apply to runs of conduits which have distance not exceeding
4.25 m between draw in boxes and which do not deect from the straight by an
angle of more than 15 degrees. The columns headed B apply to runs of conduit,
which deect from the straight by an angle of more than 15 degrees.
(3) Conduit sizes are the nominal external diameters.
48
TABLE II
Girder Clips or Clamps
[Clause 4.2.2 (iv) b]
Size of Conduit Width Thickness
(i) 20 mm 19 mm 0.9 mm (20 SWG)
(ii) 25 mm 19 mm 0.9 mm (20 SWG)
(iii) 32 mm & above 25 mm 1.2 mm (18 SWG)
49
CHAPTER 5
NON-METALLIC CONDUIT WIRING SYSTEM
5.0 Scope
This chapter covers the detailed requirements for wiring work in non-metallic conduits.
This chapter covers both surface and recessed types of wiring work.
5.1 Application
5.1.1 Recessed conduit work is generally suitable for all applications. Surface conduit work
may be adopted in places like workshops etc. and where recessed work may not be
possible to be done. The type of work shall be as specied in individual works.
5.1.2 Flexible non-metallic conduits shall be used only at terminations, wherever specied.
5.1.3 Special Precautions
(i) If the pipes are liable to mechanical damages, they should be adequately protected.
(ii) Non-metallic conduit shall not be used for the following applications:-
(a) In concealed/inaccessible places of combustible construction where ambient
temperature exceeds 60 degrees C.
(b) In places where ambient temperature is less than 5 degrees C.
(c) For suspension of uorescent ttings and other xtures.
(d) In areas exposed to sunlight.
5.2 Materials
5.2.1 Conduits
(i) All non-metallic conduit pipes and accessories shall be of suitable material
complying with IS 2509 : 1973 and IS 3419 : 1989 for rigid conduits and
IS 9537 (Part 5) : 2000 for exible conduits. The interior of the conduits shall be
free from obstructions. The rigid conduit pipes shall be ISI marked.
(ii) The conduits shall be circular in cross-section. The conduits shall be designated
by their nominal outside diameter. The dimensional details of rigid non-metallic
conduits are given in Table III.
(iii) No non-metallic conduit less than 20 mm in diameter shall be used.
50
(iv) Wiring Capacity
The maximum number of PVC insulated aluminium/copper conductor cables of
650/1100 V grade conforming to IS 694 : 1990 that can be drawn in one conduit
of various sizes is given in Table I under clause 4.2.1 (ii). Conduit sizes shall be
selected accordingly.
5.2.2 Conduit Accessories
(i) The conduit wiring system shall be complete in all respect including accessories.
(ii) Rigid conduit accessories shall be normally of grip type.
(iii) Flexible conduit accessories shall be of threaded type.
(iv) Bends, couplers etc. shall be solid type in recessed type of works, and may be
solid or inspection type as required, in surface type of works.
(v) Saddles for xing conduits shall be heavy gauge non-metallic type with base.
(vi) The minimum width and the thickness of the ordinary clips or girder clips shall be
as per Table IV.
(vii) For all sizes of conduit, the size of clamping rod shall be 4.5 mm (7 SWG) diameter.
5.2.3 Outlets
(i) The switch box shall be made of either rigid PVC molding, or mild steel, or cast iron
on all sides except at the front. The regulator boxes shall however be made only of
mild steel or cast iron.
(ii) PVC boxes shall comply with the requirements laid down in IS 14772 : 2000. These
boxes shall be free from burrs, ns and internal roughness.
The thickness of the walls and base of PVC boxes shall not be less than 2 mm.
The clear depth of PVC boxes shall not be less than 60 m.
(iii) The specications for metallic boxes shall be as per requirements of clause
4.2.3.
(iv) 3 mm thick phenolic laminated sheet covers for all types of boxes shall be as per
requirements of clause 3.14(c).
5.3 Installation
5.3.1 Common Aspects for Both Recessed and Surface Conduit Works
(i) The erection of conduits of each circuit shall be completed before the cables are
drawn in.
(ii) Conduit Joints
(a) All joints shall be sealed/cemented with approved cement. Damaged conduit
pipes/ttings shall not be used in the work. Cut ends of conduit pipes shall
have neither sharp edges nor any burrs left to avoid damage to the insulation
of conductors while pulling them through such pipes.
51
(b) The Engineer-in-charge, with a view to ensuring that the above provision
has been carried out, may require that the separate lengths of conduit etc.
after they have been prepared shall be submitted for inspection before being
xed.
(iii) Bends in Conduit
(a) All bends in the system may be formed either by bending the pipes by an
approved method of heating, or by inserting suitable accessories such as
bends, elbows or similar ttings, or by xing non-metallic inspection boxes,
whichever is most suitable. Where necessary, solid type ttings shall be
used.
(b) Radius of bends in conduit pipes shall not be less than 7.5 cm. No length of
conduit shall have more than the equivalent of four quarter bends from outlet
to outlet.
(c) Care shall be taken while bending the pipes to ensure that the conduit pipe
is not injured, and that the internal diameter is not effectively reduced.
(iv) Outlets
All switches, plugs, fan regulators etc. shall be tted in ush pattern. The fan
regulators can be mounted on the switch box covers, if so stipulated in the tender
specications, or if so directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
(v) Painting
After installation, all accessible surfaces of metallic accessories shall be painted in
compliance with clauses under Chapter 15 Painting.
5.3.2 Additional Requirements for Surface Conduit Work
(i) Conduit pipes shall be xed by heavy gauge non-metallic saddles with base,
secured to suitable approved plugs with screws in an approved manner, at an
interval of not more than 60 cm, but on either side of couplers or bends or similar
ttings, saddles shall be xed at a closer distance from the centre of such ttings.
Slotted PVC saddles may also be used where the PVC pipe can be pushed in
through the slots.
(ii) Where the conduit pipes are to be laid along the trusses, steel joists etc. the same
shall be secured by means of saddles or girder clips as required by the Engineer-
in-charge. Where it is not possible to use these for xing, suitable clamps with bolts
and nuts shall be used.
(iii) If the conduit pipes are liable to mechanical damage, they shall be adequately
protected.
5.3.3 Additional Requirements for Recessed Conduit Work
(i) Making Chase
Requirements under clause 4.3.3 (i) shall be complied with.
52
(ii) Fixing Conduits in Chase
(a) The conduit pipe shall be xed by means of staples, or by means of non-
metallic saddles, placed at not more than 60 cm apart, or shall be xed by
any other approved means of xing.
(b) At either side of the bends, saddles/staples shall be xed at a distance of 15
cm from the centre of the bends.
(iii) Erection in RCC Work
Requirements under clause 4.3.3 (iii) shall be complied with.
(iv) Fixing Inspection Boxes
Requirements under clause 4.3.3 (iv) shall be complied with.
(v) Fixing Switch Boxes and Accessories
Requirements under clause 4.3.3 (v) shall be complied with.
(vi) Fish Wire
Requirements under clause 4.3.3 (vi) shall be complied with.
(vii) Bunching of Cables
For ease of maintenance, cables carrying direct current or alternating current shall
always be bunched so that the outgoing and return cables are drawn in the same
conduits.
5.3.4 Earthing Requirements
(i) A protective (earth) conductor shall be drawn inside the conduit in all distribution
circuits to provide for earthing of non-current carrying metallic parts of the
installation. These shall be terminated on the earth terminal in the switch boxes,
and/or earth terminal blocks at the DBs.
(ii) Gas or water pipe shall not be used as protective conductors (earth medium).
53
TABLE III
Dimensional Details of Rigid Non-metallic Conduits
[Clause 5.2.1(ii)]
(All dimensions in mm)
S. No. Nominal Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum
Outside Outside Inside Permissible Permissible
Diameter Diameter Diameter Eccentricity Ovality
(in mm) (in mm) (in mm) (in mm) (in mm)
1. 20 20 +0.3 17.2 0.2 0.5
2. 25 25 +0.3 21.6 0.2 0.5
3. 32 32 +0.3 28.2 0.2 0.5
4. 40 40 +0.3 35.8 0.2 0.5
5. 50 50 +0.3 45.0 0.4 0.6

TABLE IV
Ordinary Clips or Girder Clips
[Clause 5.2.2(vi]
Size of Conduit Width Thickness
(1) 20 mm & 25 mm 19 mm 20 SWG (0.9144 mm)
(2) 32 mm & above 25 mm 18 SWG (1.219 mm)
54
CHAPTER 6
TRUNKING CABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
6.0 Scope
This chapter covers the requirements of mini trunking (casing wiring) and adaptable
metallic or PVC trunking (otherwise also called wire ways).
6.1 Adaptable trunking shall be used for power cables and data cables to run parallel in
two different compartments with partition.
6.1.1 Mini Trunking is suitable for surface wiring work indoors where necessitated, either
due to aesthetics or technical requirements, such as case of extension of existing
wiring, avoidance of recessed wiring in RCC columns etc. PVC insulated cables and
/ or other approved insulated cables conforming to IS 694 : 1990 shall be used in this
type of work.
Wherever data cables are used for information outlets, adaptable trunking shall be
used.
6.1.2 (i) This system using PVC trunking shall be adopted in residential buildings, or ofce
building where there is a need of tidy wiring system.
(ii) PVC trunking for distribution of Voice Data and Power should be used for cable
management and should accept RJ 45 Data socket and Power socket or other
wiring accessory like switches, indicators etc.
(iii) Where the trunking has to be necessarily adopted in situations under (i) above,
PVC trunking shall be used.
(iv) Preferred size of the mini trunking should be 25 x 16 mm, 32 x 16 mm,
40 x 25 mm, 40 x 40 mm and for adaptable trunking it should be 100 x 34 mm
or 100 x 50 mm or 160 x 50 mm or 200 x 50mm for making upto four isolated
compartments.
(v) Trunking should be equipped with rail on its surface on which clip-on partition can
be clipped which should accept frames/plates for wiring devices upto 6/8 modules.
(vi) Trunking should have insulation rating of 5 mega Ohm. Trunking should have the
following re resistance characteristics:
- Operating temperature between 40 Deg to 60 Deg. C
- Glow wire test 960 Deg. C
- Oxygen index 50 5
- UL94 VO
55
6.2 Material
6.2.1 The mini trunking and adaptable trunking shall be of the same material, viz. either PVC
or anodized aluminium in extruded sections.
6.2.2 The mini trunking shall have a square or rectangular body. The trunking cover shall be
CLIP-ON type with double grooving in the case of PVC wire-ways, and CLIP-ON type
for the metallic wire ways. All surfaces shall have smooth nish inside and outside.
The top of the side walls of the body shall be suitable for the above types of xing
arrangement of trunking. PVC trunking or Aluminium trunking should have uniform
thickness throughout its length and shall be of factory nish.
6.2.3 PVC trunking shall be of good quality PVC, free from defects like deformation,
unevenness, blisters, cavities etc.
6.2.4 Dimensions
(i) The sizes of mini trunking for the various sizes of cables and the maximum number
of 650/1100 V grade PVC insulated aluminium / copper conductor cables that can
be carried in one trunking are given size wise in Table V.
(ii) The thickness of the mini trunking & adaptable trunking shall be 1 mm minimum.
(iii) When mini trunking cover is clipped onto the trunking body, cover should completely
overlap on the base (casing).
6.2.5 Outlet Boxes
The outlet boxes such as switch boxes, regulator boxes and their phenolic laminated
sheet covers shall be as per requirements.
6.3 Installation
6.3.1 Attachment to Wall and Ceiling
(i) The mini trunking and adaptable trunking shall be xed by means of suitable screws
to approved type of asbestos or bre xing plugs, at intervals not exceeding 60 cm
for all sizes for mini trunking. In case of Adaptable trunking, the screwing distance
shall be such that the weight of the trunking & cable hold rmly on the wall or
ceiling. On either side of the joints, the distance of the xing arrangement shall not
exceed 15 cm from the joint.
(ii) All trunking body shall be xed directly on wall or ceiling as above.
(iii) Trunking shall be used only on dry walls and ceiling, avoiding outside walls as far
as possible and shall not be buried in walls not xed in proximity to gas, steam or
water pipes or immediately below the heater.
(iv) Adaptable trunking shall be with pill off cover for protection against dust. Pill off
cover shall be removed only on completion of painting of walls.
6.3.2 Passing through Floors or Walls
When conductors pass through oors, the same shall be carried in an approved PVC
conduit, or heavy gauge steel conduit properly bushed at both ends. The conduit shall
56
be carried 20 cm above oor level and 2.5 cm below ceiling level and neatly terminated
into the casing. Steel conduit pipes wherever accessible shall be securely earthed.
6.3.3 Joints in Casing and Capping
(i) The wire ways in straight runs should be in single piece as far as possible so as
to avoid joints. Trunking shall be of 2 m or 3 m standard length for the ease of
installation.
(ii) All joints shall be scarfed or cut diagonally in longitudinal section, and shall be
smoothed down by ling to make the joints a very close t as far as possible and
without burrs. They shall be screwed at joints with two or more screws as would be
necessary.
(iii) J oints arising out of bends or diversion shall be done using standard accessories
like Internal angle, External angle, Flat angle (elbows), Flat junction (T) and end
caps. For the separation of data and power cables there shall be partition in both
trunking and accessories. Internal and external angle shall have variable angle for
the alignment at the wall corners. In no case the radius of curvature of the cables
inside a bend shall be less than 6 times their overall diameter.
6.3.4 Trunking should be of white colour in case of PVC trunking and of white or grey colour
in case of Aluminium trunking.
(i) Mini Trunking attached to ceiling shall be carried completely across the ceiling/
wall whenever required by the Engineer-in-charge, instead of being stopped at an
outlet location and in all such cases, dummy mini trunking must be provided.
6.3.5 Attachment of Capping
(i) Wherever required by the Engineer-in-charge, capping shall not be xed until the
work has been inspected with the wires in position and approved. The inspection
will be done from time to time as the work progresses.
(ii) Cover shall be attached to body after all the insulated wires are laid inside.
(iii) No screws or nails shall be used for xing PVC cover to the body.
(iv) Aluminium cover shall be xed by using cadmium plated at head / round head
screws with an axial spacing not exceeding 30 cm.
6.3.6 Installation of Cables
(i) For ease of maintenance, cables carrying direct current or alternating current shall
always be bunched so that the outgoing and return cables are drawn in the same
trunking.
(ii) Mini trunking shall be of such a design that it holds the wires inside the trunking
body (casing) at suitable intervals, so that at the time of opening of the trunking
cover (capping), the wires may remain in position in the trunking body (casing) and
do not fall out.
6.3.7 Earth Continuity
(i) A protective (earth continuity) conductor shall be drawn inside for earthing of all
57
metallic boxes of the installations as well as for connections to the earth pin of the
socket outlets.
(ii) In the case of metallic trunking there shall be a metallic link between adjacent
trunking covers with screw connections, and also connections from the end casing
to the earth terminal of metallic boxes / outlets / switch boards as per the case may
be, for the complete body earthing of the system.
TABLE V
Maximum Number of PVC Insulated 650/1100 Volt Grade
Aluminium/Copper Conductor Cable conforming to IS 694 : 1990
[Clause 6.2.4(i)]
Nominal 10/15 20/15 25/15 32 40 40
Cross Section mm x mm x mm x mm x mm x mm x
Area 10 mm 10 mm 16 mm 16 mm 25 mm 40 mm
1.5 3 5 6 8 12 18
2.5 2 4 5 6 9 15
4 2 3 4 5 8 12
6 2 3 4 6 9
10 1 2 3 5 8
16 1 2 4 6
25 1 3 5
35 2 4
50 1 3
70 1 2
Note : Dimensions shown above are outer dimensions of mini turnking.
58
CHAPTER 7
M.V. PANEL, D.B., RISING MAINS, BUS TRUNKING
AND OVERHEAD BUS BAR SYSTEM
7.0 Scope
This covers supply/ erection/ testing and commissioning of the equipments suitable for
415 Volt, 3 Phase, 50 HZ 4 wire system.
7.1 Requirements
(i) For each equipment, required IP rating and short circuit rating capacity will be
specied. Governing BIS also will be specied.
(ii) All the equipments will be factory fabricated in an approved factory having modern
fabrication and testing process. It shall have seven tank pre-treatment process
comprising of degreasing, rinsing, de-rusting, rinsing, phosphatising, rinsing and
passivation followed by powder coat painting having a paint thickness of 60 microns
or as specied. The powder paint will be subjected to oven-heated process. All
panels will be provided with suitable gasket to make it dust/ vermin proof.
7.1.1 Specication of LT Cubicle Panel
(i) Cubicle panel shall be oor mounted (on a base frame) totally enclosed and
extensible type. The general construction shall conform to IS 8623 : 93. The design
shall include all provisions for safety of operating and maintenance personnel.
Degree of IP protection shall be IP-42 for indoor application and IP-54 for outdoors,
(ii) The panel shall be compartmentalized type having space and arrangement for
incoming cable/ bus ducting, incoming switchgear/ switchgears, bus coupler,
insulated and properly supported compartmentalized bus bars, outgoing
compartmentalized switchgear, bus bar supports, joint shrouds, cable alleys
of suitable size for cabling routing, support and terminations, inter-connection
between bus bars and switchgear with auxiliary bus bars/ insulated conductors/
strips etc. Also the panel will be provided with necessary instrumentation like CTs,
PTs, Ammeters, Voltmeters, phase indicating lamps, other required instruments,
wiring, fuses etc.
(iii) It shall be fabricated out of CRCA sheet not less than 2.0 mm thick for load bearing
members and 1.6 mm for doors of LT panels. The framework may be Angle
Iron/ Channel/ Bolted type construction. General constructions shall employ the
principle of compartmentalization and segregation of each circuit. Unless otherwise
59
approved, incomer and bus section panels shall be separate and independent and
shall not be mixed with sections required for feeders. Each section of the rear
accessible type board shall have hinged access door at the rear. Operating handle
of the highest unit shall be at a height not more than 1.7 mt. Overall height of the
board shall not exceed 2.3 metre.
(iv) Arrangement for Incoming/Outgoing Cable Termination
Cable entries shall be provided either from the rear or from the front through cable
alleys of suitable size. Removable gland plate to be provided for each cable entry.
Cable support arrangement to be provided inside cable alley so that cables are
neatly arranged and xed. From each outgoing switch, insulated strip/ conductor
of suitable size to be provided up to suitable terminal block, which will receive
incoming/ outgoing cable termination. It is desirable that cables are not terminated
directly to switchgear, but terminated through proper terminal blocks.
(v) Specication of Cable Terminal Block
Terminal block of reputed make shall be used. The housing material shall be
polyamide having unbreakable and re-retardant characteristic. All the metal parts
shall be made up of copper alloy including the screws. Mounting shall be Din or
G-rail type. Screws shall be self captive type. No protection cover is required, and
the block should be touch proof.
(vi) Bus bars/ Supports/ Clearances
The bus bar system may comprise of a system of main/ auxiliary bus bars run in
bus bar alleys.
For bus bar material, ratings, current density, insulation, supports, bus bar
clearances and joints see para 7.2 (iii).
(vii) Earthing
2 Nos. 20 x 3 mm copper strip for LT panel upto 400 Amp. capacity or 2 Nos.
20 x 5 mm copper strip for LT panel of higher capacity shall be xed all around the
panel connected to 2 Nos. earth bus copper strips connected to incoming earth
conductors.
(Typical Cubicle Panel is explained in Fig. 8)
(viii) Commissioning
After erection, the LT panel will be commissioned after:
(a) Tightening of all nuts and bolts.
(b) Closing any left out holes to ensure the entire panel is insect proof.
(c) Megger testing.
(d) Earth testing.
7.1.2 Specication of Prewired DB
As a general practice only prewired MCB/HRC type DBs shall be used, on account
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of their superior technical features, compared to conventional DBs, which dont allow
for proper wiring space and wiring termination. Rewirable fuse type DBs shall not be
used.
Prewired DBs shall have following features:
(i) Recess/ Surface type with integral loose wire box.
(ii) Phase/ neutral/ earth terminal blocks for termination of incoming & outgoing wires.
(iii) Din Channel for mounting MCBs.
(iv) Arrangement for mounting incomer MCB/ RCCB/ RCBO/ MCCB as required.
(v) Copper Bus bar.
(vi) Earthing terminals.
(vii) Wiring from MCBs to phase terminal block.
(viii) Interconnection between terminal block/ incoming switch/ bus bar/ neutral terminal
block/ earth terminal connector with specied size of FRLS preinsulated copper
conductor cable duly tted with copper lugs/ thimbles.
(ix) Terminal blocks should be suitable for termination of conductor/ cable of required
size but minimum rated cross section of the terminal blocks should be 6 sq. mm.
(x) Terminal block shall be made of ame retardant polymide material.
(xi) Colour terminal blocks and FRLS wires for easy identication of RYB Phases,
Neutral and Earth.
(xii) Prewired DB shall be provided with a detachable cassette for safe removal of
MCBs, RCCBs. Terminal connectors from the DB without loosening the internal
cable connections of phase and neutral circuits. (This is an optional feature.)
(xiii) The prewired DB shall have peelable poly layer on the cover for protection from
cement, plaster, paints etc. during the construction period.
(xiv) Detachable plate with Knock out holes shall be provided at the top/ bottom of
board. Complete board shall be factory fabricated and pre-wired in factory ready
for installation at site. The box and cover shall be fabricated from 1.6mm sheet
steel, properly pre-treated, phosphatized with powder coated nish.
Where specied it shall be of double door construction provided with hinged cover
in the front. (See Fig. 9)
Note: Prewired DB will be factory manufactured by reputed manufacturer of MCB
DBs.
7.2 Rising Mains
(i) Application
(a) The rising mains are essentially used in electrical distribution system in
building 2 storied and above. These are only for indoor applications. For
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vertical power distribution, this is a preferred method, compared to rising
cable system and is more reliable and safe from point of view of re hazard.
(b) Tap-off arrangements shall be provided on the rising mains with tap-off boxes.
(c) The rising main shall comprise of sheet metal enclosure, bus bars, tap-off
points, tap-off boxes, end feed units, re barriers, expansion joints, thrust
pads, end covers and xing brackets etc.
(d) The rising main shall conform to IS 8623 and IEC 439 and shall be suitable
for 415 V, 3 phase, 50 Hz supply and insulation of rising mains shall be
capable of withstanding the voltage of 660 volt AC. Degree of IP protection
and short circuit rating shall be specied.
(ii) Enclosure
The enclosure shall be made from sheet steel of 1.6 mm thickness.
(iii) Bus bars
(a) Rating
Bus bars shall be made of wrought aluminium or aluminium alloy, or electric
grade copper, conforming to relevant Indian Standard, as specied. The
ratings of the bus bars shall be 100A, 200A, 300A, 400A, 500A, 600A, or
800A as specied.
(b) Current Density
Bus bars shall be of sufcient cross-section so that a current density of 130A/
sq.cm (800A/sq.inch) is not exceeded at nominal current rating for aluminium
bus bars, and 160A/sq.cm (1000A/sq.inch) for copper bus bars. The minimum
sizes of sections of bus bars are given in Table VI.
(c) Cross Section of Bus Bars
The cross section of the neutral bus bar shall be the same as that of the
phase bus bar for bus bars of capacities upto 200A; for higher capacities,
the neutral bus bar must not be less than half the cross-section of that of the
phase bus bar.
(d) Insulation
Each bus bar shall be suitably insulated with PVC sleeves/ tapes.
The insulation of the rising mains shall be capable of withstanding the voltage
of 660 V of AC.
(e) Bus Bar Supports
Bus bar support insulators shall be class F insulators made of non-
hygroscopic, non-combustible, track resistant and high strength FRP/ SMC/
DMC material, and shall be of suitable size and spacing to with-stand the
dynamic stresses due to short circuit currents. The spacing between two
insulators should be provided by the manufacturers according to the design
approved by CPRI for their bus bar supports.
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(f) Bus Bar Clearances
(i) The minimum clearance to be maintained for enclosed indoor air insulated
bus bars for medium voltage applications shall be as follows:
Between Min. Clearances
Phase to earth 26 mm
Phase to phase 32 mm
Note: For strip connection from bus bars to switchgear, the above
clearances dont apply.
(ii) (a) Bus bar joints shall be thoroughly cleaned and a suitable oxidizing
grease shall be applied before making the joint.
(b) High tensile bolts, plain and spring washers shall be provided to ensure
good contact at the joints.
(c) The overlap of the bus bars at the joints shall be not less than the area
of the cross section of the bus bars.
(g) Bus Bar Marking
Bus bars and main connections shall be marked by color or letter as per Table VII.
(iv) Expansion Joint
Expansion joint made of aluminium/copper strips shall be provided wherever
necessary, to take care of expansion and contraction of the bus bars under normal
operating conditions. This shall be invariably provided whenever the length of the
rising mains exceeds 15 m.
(v) Thrust Pads
(a) The bus bars shall be provided with thrust pads so that the expansion of the
conductors is upwards only.
(b) The bus bar clamps and insulators shall be designed to withstand the forces
due to short circuit current. They shall also permit free vertical movement of
the bus bars during expansion and contraction.
(vi) Mounting
(i) Incoming cable will be connected to the rising main through an end feed
unit, consisting of switch fuse unit with HRC fuse/ MCCB/ ACB of required
capacity and cable end box.
(ii) Tap-off boxes at specied intervals and height shall be provided on rising
main to tap power. The box shall consist of set of HRC fuses or MCCB/
Switch fuse unit, so that power from rising main can be switched ON/OFF
and provided with suitable overload/ short circuit protection.
(iii) Distribution boards/ switch boards will not be mounted on rising main. Such
boards will be separately erected on oor/ wall and connected to tap-off box
with suitable copper conductor cable (See Fig. 10).
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(vii) Construction Features
(a) The rising mains shall be manufactured in convenient sections to facilitate
easy transportation and installation. The sections shall be connected to form
a vertical run at site. Each section shall be provided with suitable wall straps
at convenient intervals for xing to the wall.
(b) The enclosure shall be sturdy so as to withstand the internal and external
forces resulting from the various operating conditions.
(c) The front covers shall be detachable. Neoprene gaskets shall be provided
between the covers and the side channels.
(d) The enclosure shall have a degree of protection not less than IP 42.
(e) The rising main shall be designed for temperature rise not exceeding 40
degree C over ambient temperature of 45 degree C.
(f) Built-in reproof barriers having 2 hr. re rating shall be provided to restrict
the spread of re through the rising mains from one section to the adjacent
section.
(g) Necessary provisions for ventilation shall be made at suitable intervals.
These shall be complete with welded non-ferrous metallic mesh to prevent
entry of vermin.
(h) Two numbers of copper earth strips of 20 x 3 mm (for Rising Main upto 400
Amp.) and 20 x 5 mm (for Rising main above 400 Amp. and upto 800 Amp.)
shall be provided along side the rising mains enclosure, and shall be bolted
to each section of the rising mains.
(viii) Installation of Rising Mains
(i) Rising mains shall be installed on walls, to which the foundation bolts shall
be suitably grouted (in a shaft of adequate size for rising main and oor
distribution panel). The foundation bolts shall be provided by the contractor
without extra payment.
(ii) (a) No structural member in the building shall be damaged/ altered, without
prior approval from the competent authority through the Engineer-in-
charge.
(b) Structural provisions like openings, cutouts, if any, provided by the
department for the work, shall be used. Where these require
modications, or where fresh provisions are required to be made, such
contingent works shall be carried out by the contractor at his cost.
(c) All such openings in oors provided by the Department shall be closed
by the contractor after installing the cables/ conduits/ rising mains
etc. as the case may be, by any suitable means as approved by the
Engineer-in-charge without any extra payment.
(d) All chases required in connection with the electrical works shall be
provided and lled by the contractor at his own cost to the original
architectural nish of the buildings.
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(ix) Commissioning
Before connecting mains supply after installation, pre-commissioning checks
comprising megger test, checking the tightness of connections, body earth
connection etc. shall be carried out and recorded.
7.3 Bus Trunking
7.3.1 Application
These are generally provided for interconnections between the transformers of 400
KVA and above and DG sets 300 KVA and above and their switch board panels, and
also for interconnections between large switch board panels where specied, thereby
avoiding use of large sizes of cables for such interconnections.
7.3.2 Materials
7.3.2.1 Enclosure
Sheet steel of minimum 2 mm thickness shall be used for fabricating the enclosure.
7.3.2.2 Bus Bars and Supports
Bus bars and their supports shall comply with clauses 7.2 (iii) of these specications.
The current rating shall be as specied in individual cases.
7.3.3 Construction
7.3.3.1 Enclosure
(i) The enclosure shall be of bolted type, box type, welded type or any other type
as per the manufacturers standard practice, and shall be made out from sheet
steel of minimum 2 mm thickness. The front cover only shall be detachable. The
section of the bus duct shall be rectangular. The enclosure shall be sturdy so as
to withstand the internal and external forces resulting from the various operating
conditions.
(ii) The bus trunking enclosure shall be fabricated in convenient sections for easy
transportation and installation. The sections shall be connected to form horizontal
and vertical runs as required at site. The enclosure shall be provided with anged
ends with drilling arrangements to suit the anges at the switchgear and transformer
terminals. All anges shall be provided with gaskets, nuts, bolts, washers etc.
(iii) The entire bus trunking enclosure shall be designed for dust and vermin proof
construction. The enclosure for outdoor installation shall be additionally in
weatherproof construction. The enclosure shall have a degree of protection not less
than IP 42 for indoor application, and IP 54 for outdoor application in accordance with
IS 2147.
(iv) Bus trunking, if required to be installed outdoors, shall be provided with a metallic
protecting canopy of adequate size above the bus trunking, fabricated as part of
the enclosure.
(v) Neoprene gaskets shall be provided to satisfy the operating conditions imposed by
temperature, weather etc. and durability.
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(vi) Provisions for ventilation shall be made as per clause 7.2 (vii) (g) of these
specications.
(vii) Two numbers of Copper earth strips of appropriate size shall be provided alongside
the bus trunking enclosure and shall be bolted with each section of the bus trunking
(See Table VIII).
7.3.3.2 Expansion Joint/ Flexible Termination
(i) Flexible connections shall be provided by braided or multi-leafed conductors for
terminations at transformer bushing and switchgear.
(ii) Expansion joints shall be provided as per clause 7.2 (iv) of these specications.
7.3.4 Installation
(i) Each section of the enclosure shall be suspended from the ceiling slab with suitable
MS suspenders and support angles/ channels. The runs shall be neat and the
route shall be as directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
(ii) The bus trunking shall be supported such that its weight does not come on the
terminations.
(iii) Danger notice boards shall be provided on the bus trunking enclosure at suitable
intervals in every room through which it passes.
(iv) The earthing strips shall be properly terminated to the earth bars at both ends.
(v) Pre-commissioning checks shall be conducted.
7.4 Overhead Bus Bar System
7.4.1 Application
The overhead bus bar system is generally used for distribution of power to a number of
distributed power loads, such as motors, as in a workshop. This system has an in-built
exibility for meeting additional loads without much change in the distribution system.
These specications cover indoor application only.
7.4.2 Materials
7.4.2.1 Enclosure
Sheet metal used for fabrication of side channels shall be 1.6 mm thick and the top and
bottom covers 1.2 mm thick.
7.4.2.2 Bus Bars and Supports
(i) The bus bars shall comply with clause 7.2 (iii) of these specications. The bus bars
shall however be rated for 200A, 300A or 400A as specied. Each bus bar shall be
individually insulated by means of PVC sleeves.
(ii) The bus bar supports shall comply with clause 7.2 (iii)(e) of these specications.
66
7.4.3 Construction
(i) The enclosure shall be sturdy to withstand the internal and external forces
resulting from the various operating conditions. The enclosure shall have a degree
of protection not less than IP 42 in accordance with IS 2147.
(ii) The top and bottom cover plates shall be detachable, and shall complete with
gaskets to make the enclosure totally dust and vermin proof.
(iii) The enclosure shall be fabricated in convenient sections for easy transportation
and installation. The bus sections shall be jointed together with anges and tie
bolts. Each section of the enclosure shall be suspended from the ceiling slab with
suitable and rigid MS suspenders and brackets as required. Detachable blank
sheet steel covers shall be provided for enclosing the free ends of the bus bar run.
(iv) Two numbers of Copper earth strips of appropriate size shall be provided for the
complete run of bus bar enclosure and shall be bolted to each section of the bus
bar enclosure. Suitable provision should be made to enable earth connection to
the plug-in box, when plugged in.
7.4.4 Plug-in Boxes
(i) Each section of the bus bar enclosure shall have plug-in points spaced at intervals
of approximately 600 mm for the insertion of plug-in boxes.
(ii) The plug-in boxes shall be fabricated as compact sheet steel boxes with hinged
doors and shall house the fuse holders/ MCCB/ MCB. The fuse holders/ MCCB/
MCB shall be solidly connected to high conductivity copper clip-on contacts and
reinforced by spring steel strips. These clip-on contacts shall plug-in directly on to
the bus bars at the plug-in points.
(iii) Two earth points shall be located at the ends of the plug-in boxes. While inserting
these boxes into the plug-in points, the earth points shall engage rst in the special
earth bushes provided on the underside of the bus bar enclosure before the main
contacts are made. While withdrawing these boxes, the earth contact is maintained
even after the main contacts are isolated.
(iv) The plug-in boxes after insertion into the plug-in points shall be fastened by wing
nuts.
(v) Each plug-in box shall be tted with a brass compression gland suitable for the size
of the cable specied. It should be possible to provide this gland in any position,
i.e. left hand side, right hand side or lower side of the plug-in box.
(vi) The unused plug-in points shall be blanked with detachable sheet steel covers.
7.4.5 Installation
(i) The bus sections shall be jointed together with anges and tie bolts. Each
section of the enclosure shall be suspended from the ceiling slab with
suitable MS suspenders and support angles/ channels as required.
(ii) Bus trunking shall be suspended at a uniform height of about 2.4 m above oor
level. The layout shall be got approved from the Engineer-in-charge before erection.
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The runs shall be straight, except at points of changes in direction.
(iii) A connector assembly shall be supplied loose with each section of the enclosure
for coupling two sections, and it shall comprise a rubber locating ring, bus bar
insulating tube and a connector insulating tube.
7.4.6 Earthing
The Copper earth strips of the bus duct shall be connected to the earth bus/ earth
terminal(s) of the switchboard controlling the bus ducts, by appropriate protective
conductors, notwithstanding the connection by the armouring of the feeder cable.
7.4.7 Danger Notice Board
These shall be provided on the enclosure at suitable intervals and not exceeding
5 m.
7.4.8 Pre-commissioning checks shall be conducted.
TABLE VI
Aluminium/ Copper Bus Bar Sections
[Clause 7.2 (iii)(b)]
Current Ratings Recommended Rectangular Cross-section
in amps. upto Aluminium Copper
No. of Strips/ Size in No. of Strips/ Size in
Phase mm Phase mm
100 1 20 x 5 1 20 x 3
200 1 30 x 5 1 25 x 5
300 1 50 x 5 1 40 x 5
400 1 50 x 6 1 50 x 5
500 1 75 x 6 1 60 x 5
600 1 80 x 6
800 1 100 x 6
1000 1 100 x 10
1200 1 125 x 10
1600 2 100 x 10
2000 2 125 x 10
2500 3 125 x 10
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Note:
(i) In larger bus bars of sizes above 1000 amps, the sections can be accepted in
other rectangular cross-sections and numbers also, provided the total cross-
sectional area offered is not less than the total cross-sectional area shown in
the above table against the respective bus bar rating.
(ii) With aluminium bus bars, only aluminium wire/ solid bar connections shall be
made for incoming/ outgoing mountings on the switchboards.
(iii) With copper bus bars, only copper wire/ solid bar connections shall be made
for incoming/ outgoing mountings on the switchboards.
TABLE VII
[Clause 7.2 (iii)(g)]
(i) Marking for A.C. Bus Bars & Main Connections
Bus Bar and Main Connections Colour Letter/Symbol
(i) Three Phase Red, Yellow, Blue R.Y.B.
Two Phase Red, Blue R.B.
Single Phase Red R
(ii) Neutral connection Black N
(iii) Connection to earth Green E
(iv) Phase variable (such as connections Grey Gy.
to reversible motors)
(ii) For D.C. Bus Bars and Main Connections
Bus Bar and Main Connections Colour Letter/Symbol
(i) Positive Red R, or plus
(ii) Negative Blue B, or minus
(iii) Neutral connection Black N
(iv) Connection to earth Green E
(v) Equalizer Yellow Y
(vi) Phase variable (such as connections Grey Gy
to reversible motors)
Note: In the wiring diagram, positive and negative should be indicated by + and - respectively.
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TABLE VIII
[Clause 7.3.3.1(vii)]
A: Earth Continuity Strip for Protective Earthing of Sub-Station Equipment
S.No. Type of Installation
1. Indoor sub-station with HT panel,
Transformer capacity up to 1600
KVA, LT panel, Generating set.
2. Indoor sub-station with HT panel,
Transformer capacity above 1600
KVA, LT panel, and Generating set.
3. HT Outdoor sub-station
4. LT Indoor sub-station with generator
5. LT switch room having Main LT
Switch Board
S.No. Type of Installation
1. Bus trunking up to 2500 Amp
capacity
2. Bus trunking above 2500 Amp
capacity
3. Bus trunking for connecting
generating set and LT panel
4. Rising main up to 400 Amp capacity
5. Rising main above 400 Amp and
up to 800 Amp capacity
Earth
Electrode
Copper Plate
Copper Plate
Copper Plate
Copper Plate
Copper Plate
Material of
Main
Conductor
Copper/
Aluminium
Copper/
Aluminium
Copper/
Aluminium
Copper/
Aluminium
Copper/
Aluminium
Earth Strip from Earth Electrode
to Earth Bus and Loop Earthing
of Equipment
25 x 5 mm Copper Strip
Earth Strip
2 Nos. 25 x 5 mm copper strip
B: Earth Continuity Strip for Bus Trunking and Rising Main
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C: Neutral Earthing of Transformers and Generators
S.No. Equipment
1. Transformer of capacity up to 1600
KVA
2. Transformer of capacity above 1600
KVA
3. Generating set of all capacity
Earth
Electrode
Copper plate
Copper plate
Copper plate
Earth Strip from Earth Station
to Neutral
25 x 5 mm Copper strip
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CHAPTER 8
EARTHING
8.0 Scope
This chapter covers the essential requirements of earthing system components and
their installation. This shall be read with Appendix F, which lays down criteria for their
design. For details not covered in these specications IS code of Practice on Earthing
(IS 3043 : 1987) shall be referred to.
8.1 Application
(i) The electrical distribution system in the Department is with earthed neutral (i.e.
neutral earthed at the transformer / generator end). In addition to the neutral
earthing, provision is made for earthing the metallic body of equipments and non-
current carrying metallic components in the sub-station, as well as in the internal/
external electrical installations.
(ii) Earthing system is also required for lightning protection, computer installations and
hospital operation theaters, etc. for functional reasons.
(iii) Earthing requirements are laid down in Indian Electricity Rules, 1956, as amended
from time to time, and in the Regulations of the Electricity Supply Authority
concerned. These shall be complied with.
(iv) Application for Internal E.I.
(a) Every sub-main will have earth continuity conductor to run along with
sub-main wiring. In case of 3-phase sub-main wiring two earth continuity
conductors shall be provided.
(b) Every circuit will have its earth continuity conductor to run alongwith circuit
wiring. In case of 3-phase circuit two earth continuity conductors shall be
provided.
(c) Looping of earth is allowed only in case of point wiring.
(d) When 2/3 power outlets are looped to one circuit, earth looping of these
outlets is permissible.
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8.2 Types of Electrodes & Material
8.2.1 Earth Electrodes
8.2.1.1 Types
The type of earth electrode shall be any of the following, as specied. (For selection
criteria in designs, Appendix F may be referred to).
(a) Pipe earth electrode.
(b) Plate earth electrode.
(c) Strip or conductor earth electrode.
8.2.1.2 Electrode Materials and Dimensions
(i) The materials and minimum sizes of earth electrodes shall be as per Table IX
(revised).
(ii) GI pipe electrodes shall be cut tapered at the bottom, and provided with holes of
12 mm dia, drilled not less than 7.5 cm from each other upto 2 m of length from the
bottom.
(iii) The length of the buried strip or conductor earth electrode shall be not less than
15 m. This length shall suitably be increased if necessary, on the basis of the
information available about soil resistance, so that the required earth resistance
is obtained. Prior approval of the Engineer-in-charge shall be taken for any such
increase in length.
(iv) All hardware items used for connecting the earthing conductor with the electrode
shall be of GI in the case of GI pipe and GI plate earth electrodes, and forged
tinned brass in case of copper plate electrodes.
8.2.2. Earthing Conductor & Sizes
(i) The earthing conductor (protective conductor from earth electrode up to the main
earthing terminal/earth bus, as the case may be) shall be of the same material as
the electrode, viz. GI or copper, and in the form of wire or strip as specied.
(ii) The size of earthing conductor shall be specied, but this shall not be less than the
following (For calculating the size of the earthing conductor in design, Appendix F
para 3.5.1).
(a) 4 mm dia. (8 SWG) copper wire,
(b) 25 mm x 4 mm in the case of GI strip, or
(c) 20 mm x 3 mm in the case of copper strip.
(iii) Earthing conductor larger than the following sectional areas need not be used,
(a) 150 sq.mm. in case of GI, or
(b) 100 sq.mm. in case of copper.
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8.2.3 Earth Continuity / Loop Earthing Conductor & Sizes
(i) The material and size of protective conductors shall be as specied below (for
criteria in design of these Appendix F may be referred to):
Size of phase Size of protective conductor of the same
conductor material as phase conductor
Upto 4 sq.mm. Same size as that of phase conductor
Above 4 sq.mm. up to 16 sq.mm. Same size as that of phase conductor
Above 16 sq.mm. up to 35 sq.mm. 16 sq.mm.
Above 35 sq.mm. Half of the phase conductor
8.3 Location for Earth Electrodes
(i) Normally an earth electrode shall not be located closer than 1.5 m from any
building. Care shall be taken to see that the excavation for earth electrode does
not affect the foundation of the building; in such cases, electrodes may be located
further away from the building, with the prior approval of the Engineer-in-charge.
(ii) The location of the earth electrode will be such that the soil has a reasonable
chance of remaining moist as far as possible. Entrances, pavements and roadways,
should be avoided for locating earth electrodes.
8.4 Installation
8.4.1 Electrodes
8.4.1.1 Various Types of Electrodes
(i) (a) Pipe electrode shall be buried in the ground vertically with its top at not less
than 20 cm below the ground level. The installation shall be carried out as
shown in Fig. 11 (revised).
(b) In locations where the full length of pipe electrode is not possible to be
installed due to meeting a water table, hard soil or rock, the electrode may be
of reduced length, provided the required earth resistance result is achieved
with or without additional electrodes, or any alternative method of earthing
may be adopted, with the prior approval of the Engineer-in-charge. Pipe
electrodes may also be installed in horizontal formation in such exceptional
cases.
(ii) Plate electrode shall be buried in ground with its faces vertical, and its top not less
than 3.0 m below the ground level. The installation shall be carried out as shown
in Fig. 12 (revised).
(iii) When more than one electrode (plate/pipe) is to be installed, a separation of not
less than 2 m shall be maintained between two adjacent electrodes.
(iv) (a) The strip or conductor electrode shall be buried in trench not less than 0.5 m
deep.
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(b) If conditions necessitate the use of more than one strip or conductor electrode,
they shall be laid as widely distributed as possible, in a single straight trench
where feasible, or preferably in a number of trenches radiating from one
point.
(c) If the electrode cannot be laid in a straight length, it may be laid in a zigzag
manner with a deviation upto 45 degrees from the axis of the strip. It can also
be laid in the form of an arc with curvature more than 1 m or a polygon.
8.4.1.2 Articial Treatment of Soil
When articial treatment of soil is to be resorted to, the same shall be specied in
the schedule of work. The electrode shall be surrounded by charcoal / coke and salt
as indicated in Fig. 11 and 12. In such cases, excavation for earth electrode shall be
increased as per the dimensions indicated in these gures.
8.4.1.3 Watering Arrangement
(i) In the case of plate earth electrodes, a watering pipe 20 mm dia. Medium class
pipe shall be provided and attached to the electrodes as shown in Fig. 11 and 12.
A funnel with mesh shall be provided on the top of this pipe for watering the earth.
(ii) In the case of pipe electrodes, a 40 mm x 20 mm reducer shall be used for xing
the funnel with mesh.
(iii) The watering funnel attachment shall be housed in a masonry enclosure of size
not less than 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm.
(iv) A cast iron / MS frame with MS cover, 6 mm thick, and having locking arrangement
shall be suitably embedded in the masonry enclosure.
8.4.2 Earthing Conductor (Main Earthing Lead)
(i) In the case of plate earth electrode, the earthing conductor shall be securely
terminated on to the plate with two bolts, nuts, check nuts and washers.
(ii) In the case of pipe earth electrode, wire type earthing conductor shall be secured
as indicated in Fig. 11 using a through bolt, nuts and washers and terminating
socket.
(iii) A double C-clamp arrangement shall be provided for terminating tape type earthing
conductor with GI watering pipe coupled to the pipe earth electrode. Galvanized
C shaped strips, bolts, washers, nuts and check nuts of adequate size shall be
used for the purpose.
(iv) The earthing conductor from the electrode up to the building shall be protected
from mechanical injury by a medium class, 15 mm dia. GI pipe in the case of wire,
and by 40 mm dia, medium class GI pipe in the case of strip. The protection pipe
in ground shall be buried at least 30 cm deep (to be increased to 60 cm in case of
road crossing and pavements). The portion within the building shall be recessed in
walls and oors to adequate depth in due co-ordination with the building work.
(v) The earthing conductor shall be securely connected at the other end to the earth
stud/earth bar provided on the switch board by:
75
(a) Soldered or preferably crimped lug, bolt, nut and washer in the case of wire,
and
(b) Bolt, nut and washer in case of strip conductor.
In the case of sub-stations or alternators, the termination shall be made on the
earthing terminal of the neutral point on the equipment and/or the earth bus, as the
case may be.
8.4.3 Loop Earthing/ Earth Continuity Conductor
(i) Earth terminal of every switchboard in the distribution system shall be bonded to
the earth bar/ terminal of the upstream switch board by protective conductor(s).
(ii) Two protective conductors shall be provided for a switchboard carrying a 3-phase
switchgear thereon.
(iii) Loop earthing of individual units will not be however necessary in the case of
cubicle type switchboards.
(iv) The earth connector in every distribution board (DB) shall be securely connected
to the earth stud/ earth bar of the corresponding switch board by a protective
conductor.
(v) The earth pin of socket outlets as well as metallic body of fan regulators shall be
connected to the earth stud in switch boxes by protective conductor. Where the
switch boxes are of non-metallic type, these shall be looped at the socket earth
terminals, or at an independent screwed connector inside the switch box. Twisted
earth connections shall not be accepted in any case.
8.5 Earth Resistance
(i) The earth resistance at each electrode shall be measured. No earth electrode shall
have a greater ohmic resistance than 5 ohms as measured by an approved earth
testing apparatus. In rocky soil the resistance may be up to 8 ohms.
(ii) Where the above stated earth resistance is not achieved, necessary improvement
shall be made by additional provisions, such as additional electrode(s), different
type of electrode, or articial chemical treatment of soil etc., as may be directed by
the Engineer-in-charge.
8.6 Marking
(i) Earth bars/terminals at all switch boards shall be marked permanently, either as
E or as

(ii) Main earthing terminal shall be marked SAFETY EARTH DO NOT DISCONNECT.
76
8.7 Use of Residual Current Devices (RCDs)
An extract on selection and application of RCDs (also known as RCCBs) from IS
12640: 1988 is given at Appendix G. Provision of RCD shall be specied in individual
cases keeping in view the type, use, importance, system of earthing and nature of
electrical installations to be protected by the RCCBs, requirements of the local electric
supply company, etc. The sensitivity shall be 30 mA, 100 mA, 300 mA, or 500 mA, as
specied.
TABLE IX (Revised)
Materials and Sizes of Earth Electrodes
[Clause 8.2.1.2(i)]
Type of Electrodes Material Size
Pipe GI medium class 40 mm dia
4.50 m long
(without any joint)
Plate (i) GI 60 cm x 60 cm x 6 mm thick
(ii) Copper 60 cm x 60 cm x 3 mm thick
Strip (i) GI 100 sq. mm section
(ii) Copper 40 sq. mm section
Conductor (i) Copper 4 mm dia (8 SWG)
Note : Galvanisation of GI items shall conform to Class IV of IS 4736 : 1986.
77
CHAPTER 9
PROTECTION OF BUILDING AGAINST LIGHTNING
9.0 Scope
This chapter covers the detailed requirements of installation of lightning conductor
system for protection of buildings against lightning. The principles of this type of
protection are outlined in Appendix H to these specications. For details not covered
in these specications, reference may be made to IS 2309 : 1989.
9.1 Application
This system shall be provided where specied. The decision whether or not to provide
this system should be taken by the competent authority considering all relevant factors
as per Appendix H.
9.2 Principal Components
The principal components of a lightning protective system are :-
(a) Air terminations,
(b) Down conductors,
(c) J oint and bonds,
(d) Testing joints,
(e) Earth terminations, and
(f) Earth electrodes.
9.3 Materials
9.3.1 The materials of air terminations, down conductors, earth termination etc. of the
protective system shall be reliably resistant to corrosion, or be adequately protected
against corrosion. The material shall be one of the following, as specied.
(a) Copper: Solid or at copper strip of at least 98% conductivity conforming to
relevant I.S. Specications shall be used.
(b) Copper Clad Steel: Copper clad steel with copper covering permanently and
effectively welded to the steel core shall be used. The proportion of copper and
steel shall be such that the conductance of the material is not less than 30% of
conductance of the solid copper of the same total cross-sectional area.
78
(c) Galvanized Steel: Steel thoroughly protected against corrosion by a zinc coating
shall be used.
(d) Aluminium: Aluminium, 99% pure, and with sufcient mechanical strength, and
protected against corrosion shall be used.
9.3.2 Aluminium should not be used underground, or in direct contact with walls .
9.3.3 All air terminations shall be of GI and all down conductors shall be of GI or
aluminium, except where the atmospheric conditions necessitate the use of copper or
copper clad steel for air terminations and down conductors.
9.3.4 The recommended shape and minimum sizes of conductors for use above and below
ground are given in Tables X and XI respectively.
9.4 Layout
9.4.1 The system design and layout shall be done in accordance with IS 2309 : 1989 and
specied in the tender documents. The work shall be carried out accordingly satisfying
at the same time, the requirements of clauses 8.4.2 to 8.4.3.
9.4.2 Air Terminations
(i) Air termination networks may consist of vertical or horizontal conductors, or
combinations of both. For the purpose of lightning protection, the vertical and
horizontal conductors are considered equivalent and the use of pointed air
terminations, or vertical nial is, therefore, not regarded as essential.
(ii) A vertical air termination, where provided, need not have more than one point, and
shall project at least 30 cm, above the object, salient point or network on which it
is xed.
(iii) For a at roof, horizontal air termination along the outer perimeter of the roof shall
be used. For a roof of larger area a network of parallel horizontal conductors shall
be installed. No part of the roof should be more than 9 m from the nearest horizontal
protective conductor.
(iv) Horizontal air terminations should be carried along the contours such as ridges,
parapets and edges of at roofs, and, where necessary, over at surfaces, in such
a way as to join each air termination to the rest, and should themselves form a
closed network.
(v) All metallic projections including reinforcement, on or above the main surface of
the roof which are connected to the general mass of the earth, should be bonded
and form a part of the air termination network.
(vi) If portions of a structure vary considerably in height, any necessary air terminations
or air termination network for the lower portions should be bonded to the down
conductors of the taller portions, in addition to their own down conductors.
9.4.3 Down Conductors
(i) The number and spacing of down conductors shall be as specied, or as directed
by the Engineer-in-charge.
79
(ii) Routing
(a) A down conductor should follow the most direct path possible between the
air terminal network and the earth termination network. Where more than one
down conductor is used, the conductors should be arranged as evenly as
practicable around the outside walls of the structures.
(b) The walls of light wells may be used for xing down conductors, but lift shafts
should not be used for this purpose.
(c) Metal pipes leading rainwater from the roof to the ground may be connected
to the down conductors, but cannot replace them, such connections should
have disconnecting joints.
(d) In deciding on the routing of the down conductor, its accessibility for inspection,
testing and maintenance should be taken into consideration.
(iii) Provision when External Route is Not Available
(a) Where the provision of external routes for down conductors is impracticable,
for example, in buildings of cantilever construction from the rst oor upwards,
down conductors should not follow the outside contours of the building. To do
so would create a hazard to persons standing under the over hang. In such
cases, the down conductors may be housed in an air space provided by a
non-metallic and non-combustible internal duct and taken straight down to
the ground.
(b) Any suitable covered recess, not smaller than 76 mm x 13 mm, or any suitable
vertical service duct running the full height of the building may be used for
this purpose, provided it does not contain an unarmoured or a non-metal
sheathed cable.
(c) In cases where an unrestricted duct is used, seals at each oor level may be
required for re protection. As far as possible, access to the interior of the
duct should be available.
9.4.4. The lightning protective system should be so installed that it does not spoil the
architectural or aesthetic beauty of the building.
9.5 Installation
9.5.1 General
(i) The entire lightning protective system should be mechanically strong to withstand
the mechanical forces produced in the event of a lightning strike.
(ii) Conductors shall be securely attached to the building, or other object to be
protected by fasteners, which shall be substantial in construction, not subject to
breakage, and shall be of galvanized steel or other suitable materials, with suitable
precautions to avoid corrosion.
(iii) The lightning conductors shall be secured not more than 1.2 m apart for horizontal
run, and 1 m for vertical run.
80
9.5.2 Air Terminations
All air terminals shall be effectively secured against overturning either by attachment
to the object to be protected, or by means of substantial bracings and xings which
shall be permanently and rigidly attached to the building. The method and nature of the
xings should be simple, solid and permanent, due attention being given to the climatic
conditions and possible corrosion.
9.5.3 Down Conductors
(i) The down conductor system must, where practicable, be directly routed from
the air termination to the earth termination network, and as far as possible, be
symmetrically placed around the outside walls of the structure starting from the
corners. In all cases consideration to side ashing must always be given.
(ii) (a) Practical reasons may not sometimes allow the most direct route to be
followed. While sharp bends, such as arise at the end of roof are inescapable
(and hence permissible), re-entrant loops in a conductor can produce high
inductive voltage drops so that the lightning discharge may jump across the
open side of a loop. As a rough guide, this risk may arise when the length of
the conductor forming the loop exceeds 8 times the width of the open side of
the loop.
(b) When large re-entrant loops as dened above cannot be avoided, such as in
the case of some cornices or parapets, the conductors should be arranged in
such a way that the distance across the open side of a loop complies with the
requirement indicated above. Alternatively, such cornices or parapets should
be provided with holes through which the conductor can pass freely.
(iii) Bonding to Prevent Side Flashing
Any metal in, or forming a part of the structure, or any building services having
metallic parts which are in contact with the general mass of the earth, should
be either isolated from, or bonded to the down conductor. This also applies to
all exposed large metal items having any dimension greater than 2 m whether
connected to the earth or not.
9.5.4 Joints and Bonds
9.5.4.1 Joints
(i) A lightning protective system should have as few joints as possible.
(ii) J oints should be mechanically and electrically effective, for example, clamped,
screwed, bolted, crimped, riveted or welded.
(iii) With overlapping joints, the length of the overlap should not be less than 20 mm for
all types of conductors.
(iv) Contact surfaces should rst be cleaned, and then inhibited from oxidation with a
suitable non-corrosive compound.
(v) J oints of dissimilar metals should be protected against corrosion or erosion from
the elements, or the environment and should present an adequate contact area.
81
9.5.4.2 Bonds
(i) Bonds have to join a variety of metallic parts of different shapes and composition,
and cannot therefore be of a standard form.
(ii) There is the constant problem of corrosion and careful attention must be given to
the metals involved, i.e. the metal from which the bond is made, and those of the
items being bonded.
(iii) The bond must be mechanically and electrically effective, and protected from
corrosion in, and erosion by the operating environment.
(iv) External metal on, or forming part of a structure, may have to discharge the full
lightning current, and its bond to the lightning protective system should have a
cross-sectional area not less than that employed for the main conductors.
(v) Structures supporting overhead electric supply, telephone and other lines must
not be bonded to a lightning protective system without the permission of the
appropriate authority.
(vi) Gas pipe in no case shall be bonded to the lightning protective earth termination
system.
9.5.5 Test Joints
Each down conductor should be provided with a test joint in such a position that, while
not inviting unauthorized interference, it is convenient for use when testing.
9.5.6 Earth Termination Network
(i) An earth station comprising one or more earth electrodes as required, should be
connected to each down conductor. This shall be specied.
(ii) Each of the earth stations should have a resistance not exceeding the
product given by 10 ohms multiplied by the number of earth electrodes to
be provided therein. The whole of the lightning protective system, including
any ring earth, should have a combined resistance to earth not exceeding
10 ohms without taking account of any bonding [as per 9.5.3 (iii)].
(iii) If the value obtained for the whole of the lightning protection system exceeds 10
ohms, a reduction can be achieved by extending or adding to the electrodes, or
by interconnecting the individual earth terminations of the down conductors by
a conductor installed below ground, sometimes referred to as a ring conductor.
Buried ring conductors laid in this manner are considered to be an integral part of
the earth termination network, and should be taken into account when assessing
the overall value of resistance to earth of the installation.
(iv) A reduction of the resistance to the earth to a value below 10 ohms has the
advantage of further reducing the potential gradient around the earth electrode
when discharging lightning current. It also further reduces the risk of side ashing
to metal in, or of structure.
(v) Earth electrodes should be capable of being isolated and a reference earth point
should be provided for testing purposes.
82
TABLE X
Shapes and Minimum Sizes of Conductors for Use Above Ground
[Clause 9.3.4]
TABLE XI
Shapes and Minimum Sizes of Conductors for Use Below Ground
[Clause 9.3.4]
SI. No. Material and Shape Minimum Size
1. Round copper wire or copper clad steel wire 6 mm diameter
2. Stranded copper wire 50 sq. mm or (7/3.00 mm dia)
3. Copper strip 20 mm x 3 mm
4. Galvanized iron strip 20 mm x 3 mm
5. Round aluminium wire 8 mm diameter
6. Aluminium strip 25 mm x 3 mm
SI. No. Material and Shape Minimum Size
1. Round copper wire or copper clad steel wire 8 mm diameter
2. Copper strip 32 mm x 6 mm
3. Round galvanized iron wire 10 mm x 6 mm
4. Galvanized iron strip 32 mm x 6 mm
83
CHAPTER 10
SAFETY PROCEDURE
10.1 While the Indian Electricity Rules 1956, as amended upto date, are to be followed in
their entirety, particular attention is drawn to the various clauses indicated in Appendix
C. Any installation or portion of installation, which does not comply with these rules,
should be got rectied immediately.
10.2 The detailed instructions on safety procedures given in B.I.S. Code No. 5216 : 1982
Code of Safety Procedures and Practices in Electrical Works shall be strictly followed.
10.3 (a) Schematic Diagram
It shall be responsibility of the J E (E)/AE (E) to ensure that for each building, a
comprehensive schematic diagram is prepared starting from the main board upto
the nal DBs. All such boards are to be duly marked and numbered.
Similarly, for each campus consisting of sub-station/ sub-stations and a number
of buildings, a comprehensive power distribution schematic diagram for the entire
campus shall be prepared.
Based on additions/ alterations such diagrams should be updated from time to
time.
(b) Keep Premises Clean
Premises like sub-stations, switch rooms, pump house, generating rooms etc.
shall be kept clean. Such premises should not be used to store broken furniture,
dismantled materials, waste material, packing boxes etc.
(c) Keep all Electrical Shafts Clean and Locked
Such shafts should not be used for dumping oor malba etc.
(d) Protected Premises
All premises like sub-station, pump house etc. to be maintained as protected area,
admission allowed to authorized persons only.
(e) Also, the frontage of such areas shall be kept free and parking etc. in front shall not
be allowed.
10.4 No inammable materials shall be stored in places other than the rooms specially
constructed for this purpose in accordance with the provisions of Indian Explosives
Act.
84
10.5 Rubber or insulating mats should be provided in front of the main switchboards or any
other control equipments of medium voltage and above.
10.6 Protective and safety equipments such as rubber gauntlets or gloves, earthing rods,
linemens belt, portable articial respiration apparatus etc. should be provided in each
sub-station, service center/enquiry ofce and important installations. Where electric
welding or such other nature of work is undertaken, goggles shall also be provided.
10.7 Necessary number of caution boards such as Man on Line, Dont switch on should
be readily available in each sub-station, enquiry ofce and important installations.
10.8 Standard rst aid boxes containing materials as prescribed by the St. J ohn Ambulance
Brigade or Indian Red Cross should be provided in each sub-station, enquiry ofce
and important installations and should be readily available.
10.9 Periodical examination of the rst aid facilities and protective and safety equipments
provided at the various installations shall be undertaken for their adequacy and
effectiveness and a proper record shall be maintained.
10.10 Charts (one in English and another one in the regional language) displaying methods
of giving articial respiration to a recipient of electrical shock should be prominently
displayed at appropriate places.
10.11 A chart containing the names, addresses and telephone numbers of nearest authorized
medical practitioners, hospitals, re brigade and also of the ofcers in executive charge
shall be displayed prominently along with the First Aid Box.
10.12 Executive Engineers should take immediate steps to train supervisory and authorized
persons of the Engineering staff viz. A.Es, J .Es, Head Electricians, Foremen,
Electricians and Wiremen in the First Aid Practices, including various methods of
articial respiration with the help of local authorities such as Fire Brigade, St. J ohn
Ambulance Brigade, Indian Red Cross or other recognized institutions equipped to
impart such training, as prompt rendering of articial respiration can save life at times
of electric shock.
10.13 All new recruits should be given such First Aid Training immediately after appointment.
10.14 All supervisory and authorized persons of the Engineering staff should be deputed for
refresher course in First Aid Training after every two years.
10.15 Details of preventive maintenance to be undertaken shall be in accordance with the
chapter 14 of these specications. All preventive maintenance works shall be pre-
planned as far as possible and names of persons who are assigned to this work should
be entered in a logbook.
10.16 Electrical wiring and control switches should be periodically inspected and any
defective wiring, broken parts of switches which will expose live parts, should be
replaced immediately to make the installations safe for the user.
10.17 Reports indicating details of preventive maintenance works done should be kept in a
register by each J unior Engineer (E) and should bear signatures of Assistant Engineer
and Executive Engineer by way of checks.
85
10.18 No work shall be undertaken on live installations, or on installations, which could be
energized unless another person is present to immediately isolate the electric supply
in case of any accident and to render rst aid, if necessary.
10.19 No work of live L.T. switch board in the sub-stations should be handled by a person
below the rank of a Wireman and such a work should preferably be done in the
presence of the J unior Engineer (E) in charge of the work.
10.20 When working on or near live installations, suitably insulated tools should be used, and
special care should be taken to see that those tools accidentally do not drop on live
terminals causing shock or dead short.
10.21 The electrical switchgears and distribution boards should be clearly marked to indicate
the areas being controlled by them.
10.22 Before starting any work on the existing installation, it should be ensured that the
electric supply to that portion in which the work is undertaken is preferably cut off.
Precautions like displaying Men at Work caution boards on the controlling switches,
removing fuse carrier from these switches, and these fuse carriers being kept with the
person working on the installation, etc. should be taken against accidental energisation.
Permit to Work should be obtained from the J unior Engineer-in-charge. No work on
H.T. main should be undertaken unless it is made dead and discharged to earth with an
earthing lead of appropriate size. The discharge operation shall be repeated several
times and the installation connected to earth positively before any work is started.
10.23 Before energizing on an installation after the work is completed, it should be ensured
that all tools have been removed and accounted, no person is present inside any
enclosure of the switch board etc., any earthing connection made for doing the work
has been removed, Permit to Work is received back duly signed by the person to
whom it was issued in token of having completed the work and the installation being
ready for re-energising and Men at Work caution boards removed.
10.24 In case of electrical accidents and shock, the electrical installation on which the
accident occurred should be switched off immediately and the affected person should
be immediately removed from the live installation by pulling him with the help of his
coat, shirt, wooden rod, broom handle or with any other dry cloth or paper. He should
be removed from the place of accident to a nearby safe place and articial respiration
continuously given as contained in B.I.S. Code and Standard prescribed by St. J ohn
Ambulance Brigade or Fire Brigade.
10.25 While articial respiration on the affected person is started immediately, help of Fire
Brigade and Medical Practitioner should be called for and articial respiration should
be continued uninterrupted until such help arrives.
10.26 These instructions should be explained in Hindi/local language to those staff that does
not understand English.
10.27 Executive Engineers should take particular care to ensure that these instructions are
imparted to the existing staff and as well as to the new entrants.
86
CHAPTER 11
FIRE HAZARDS
11.1 The main pre-requisites of a re hazard free building are: -
(a) Installation based on sound design and use of quality materials and equipments.
(b) Good house keeping.
(c) Proper maintenance based on skilled personnel, proper supervision and preventive
maintenance.
(d) Periodic inspection from re hazard point of view by a qualied engineer.
11.2 Following instructions should be followed. Besides, based on the requirement of a
particular building, other instructions may be issued for avoidance of possible re
hazard.
(i) No over loading of main board, DB, submain, wiring.
(ii) No loose wiring.
(iii) One socket outlet to feed one appliance only and do not use multiple outlets.
(iv) The AE (E) in charge will have an annual inspection of the building and list out
deciencies and report to the EE who will take necessary remedial action.
(v) Only MCB type DBs to be provided, so that overload, short circuit currents are
interrupted immediately. Rewirable type fuses not to be used.
(vi) Change old/ outlived wiring, switchboard, and appliance.
(vii) Extension to wiring/ EI only after proper design and capacity of augmentation of
the existing installation (Para 1.18).
(viii) Record Room No power outlet / switches should be provided inside the room.
Use ameproof electrical ttings. In case it is a must to provide switches / outlets
in a record room, they should be ameproof.
(ix) Fire Protection
(a) The building should have a comprehensive re protection system in conformity
with CFOs requirement, backed by proper manning and maintenance.
(b) Important building will have a re control room, for monitoring and control of
re safety of the building.
87
(c) Local re extinguishers for various electrical Switchgears Locations, Lift
Machine Room, Electrical Sub-station, Generating Rooms, Pump Houses
etc.
(d) Get CFOs annual inspection of the building done.
(e) Organize re drill periodically, at least once in six months.
(x) Maintenance
Maintenance by qualied/ licensed (as applicable) personnel. When maintenance
is done by contract system, only properly prequalied and skilled contractors to be
deployed. Such contract should have preventive maintenance items.
(xi) Only quality and genuine material should be used.
(xii) When repairs are needed, act immediately, dont postpone repairs.
(xiii) Keep telephone/ address details of Fire Station/ Police/ Hospital/ Departmental
Ofcials/Client Department Ofcials, both Ofce and Residence (in case of
emergency).
(xiv) All switch rooms/ electrical shafts to be kept clean and duly locked. All locks will
have common key, with keys available to all authorized personnel.
(xv) Keep appliances OFF after ofce hours. Instruction to be issued, so that all
switches and appliances are OFF after ofce hours.
88
CHAPTER 12
ENERGY CONSERVATION
Energy is very costly. Guidelines for energy conservation:
12.1 Lighting and Controls
12.1.1 Lighting Design
Lighting design to be done in such a way that it achieves the required visual comfort
at working plane and is energy efcient. Visual comfort can be dened in terms of lux
level at the working plane and energy efciency can be dened in terms of lighting
power density (Watt/m
2
). The recommended lux levels and lighting power densities
have been specied in Chapter 2 Section 2.9.
Wherever possible, a combination of task lighting and general lighting shall be provided
to get desired lighting levels. In addition to general lighting, local task luminaires shall
be provided for adequate lighting level and quality in the task areas.
For general lighting, lux levels required for circulation and other non-critical applications
should be maintained.
12.1.2 Efcient Lamp Selection
Selection of lamp is the most important criterion for lighting design. The lamp selection
should be on the basis of efcacy and good colour rendering index (CRI).
Lamps used for general lighting scheme should comply to the following:
Point Light Source All the point light sources installed in the building for general
lighting should be CFL or LED based with minimum lamp efcacy of 50 lm/W.
Linear Light Source All the linear light sources installed in the building for general
lighting should be T-5 or at least 5 Star BEE rated TFLs.
Table 9 lists the Wattage, luminous ux, efcacy and CRI of different types of lamps.
Incandescent lamps should not be used at all.
New high frequency electronic ballasts should be used instead of traditional magnetic
ballasts.
89
12.2 Lighting Controls
12.2.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff
Interior lighting systems in buildings larger than 500 m
2
(5000 ft
2
) shall be equipped
with an automatic control device. Within these buildings, all ofce areas less than
30 m
2
(300 ft
2
) enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, all meeting and conference
rooms, all school classrooms, and all storage spaces shall be equipped with occupancy
sensors.
For other spaces, this automatic control device shall function on either :
A scheduled basis at specic programmed times. An independent program
schedule shall be provided for areas of no more than 2500 m
2
(25000 ft
2
) and not
more than one oor,
Or
Occupancy sensor that shall turn the lighting off within 3 minutes of an occupant
leaving the space. Light xtures controlled by occupancy sensors shall have a wall
mounted, manual switch capable to turning off lights when the space is occupied.
Exception to above: Lighting systems designed for 24-hour use.
12.2.2 Space Control
Each space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions shall have at least one control device
to independently control the general lighting within the space. Each control device shall
be activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant.
The maximum coverage area for each control device is given in the table below:
Space Area and Lighting Control
Sl. No. Space Area (m
2
) Maximum Coverage Area for each
Control Device (m
2
)
1 <1000 250
2 >1000 1000
Each control device shall be capable of overriding the required shut off control for no
more than 2 hours. It should be readily accessible and located such that the occupant
can see the control.
Exception to above: The required control device may be remotely installed if required
for reasons of safety or security. A remotely located device shall have a pilot light
indicator as part of or next to the control device and shall be clearly labeled to identify
the controlled lighting.
12.2.3 Day-lighting Controls
Luminaires in day lighted areas greater than 25 m
2
(250 ft
2
) shall be equipped with
either a manual or automatic lighting control device that is capable of reducing lighting
output of the luminaires in the day lighted areas by at least 50% and controls only the
luminaires located entirely within the day lighted area.
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12.2.4 Exterior Lighting Control
Lighting for exterior applications shall be controlled by a photo sensor or astronomical
time switch that is capable of automatically turning off the exterior lighting when daylight
is available or the lighting is not required.
12.2.5 Lighting Control Devices
Following is a description of different types of control devices available for controlling
the lighting:
Timers: These are the simplest type of controls and are most popular. Some areas in
buildings may require lighting for specic durations like security lighting, landscape
lighting or building oodlighting. Timers allow this type of control by switching on and
off as per preset times. These can have one setting (same time) for the whole year or
several (seasonal/ weekly/daily) settings to take care of the changing sunset times.
Photocell Lighting Control: These measure the amount of natural light available and
suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications. When available light falls below a
specied level, a control unit switches the lights on (or adjusts a driver to provide more
light). Photocells can be programmed so that lights do not ip on and off on partially
cloudy days.
Occupancy Sensors : These devices also known as motion detectors turn lights
off and on in response to human presence. Once sensitivity and coverage area is
established, sensors are selected from two predominant technology types.
Passive Infrared Sensors : These detect the motion or heat between vertical and
horizontal detection zones. This technology requires a direct line of sight and is more
sensitive to lateral motion, but it requires layer motion as distance from the sensor
increases. The coverage pattern and eld of view can also be precisely controlled. It
typically nds its best application in smaller spaces with a direct line of sight, such as
restrooms.
Ultrasonic Sensors : These detect movement by sensing disturbances in high-frequency
ultrasonic patterns. Because this technology emits ultrasonic waves that are reected
around the room surfaces, it does not require a direct line of sight. It is more sensitive
to motion towards and away from the sensor and its sensitivity decreases relative to
its distances from the sensor. It also does not have a denable coverage pattern or
eld of view. These characteristics make it suitable for use in layer-enclosed areas
that may have cabinets, shelving, partitions, or other obstructions. If necessary, these
technologies can also be combined into one product to improve detection and reduce
the likelihood of triggering a false on or off mode.
12.3 Efcient Motors
Motors shall comply with the following:
All permanently wired poly-phase motors of 0.375 kW or more serving the building
and expected to operate more than 1500 hours per year and all permanently wired
polyphase motors of 50 kW or more serving the building and expected to operate
more than 500 hours per year shall have a minimum acceptable nominal full load
motor efciency not less than IS 12615 for Energy Efcient motors.
Motors of horsepower differing from those listed in the table shall have efciency
greater than that of the listed kW motor. See Table 14.
91
Motor horsepower ratings shall not exceed 20% of the calculated maximum load.
Motor nameplates shall list the nominal full load motor efciencies and the full load
power factor.
Motor users should insist on proper rewinding practices for rewound motors. If
the proper rewinding practices cannot be assured, the damaged motor should
be replaced with a new, efcient one rather than suffer the signicant efciency
penalty associated with typical rewind practices.
Certicates shall be obtained and kept on record indicating the motor efciency.
Whenever a motor is rewound, appropriate measures shall be taken so that the
core characteristics of the motor is not lost due to thermal and mechanical stress
during removal of damaged parts. After rewinding, a new efciency test shall be
performed and similar records shall be maintained.
Motors should be installed with soft start energy savers and Variable Speed drives
based on the application required.
12.4 Metering
Services exceeding 1000 KVA shall have permanently installed electrical metering
to record demand (kVA), energy (kWh), and total power factor. The metering shall
also display current (in each phase and the neutral), voltage (between phases
and between each phase and neutral), and total harmonic distortion (THD) as a
percentage of total current.
Services not exceeding 100 kVA but over 65 kVA shall have permanently installed
electric metering to record demand (kW), energy (kWh), and total power factor (or
kVARh).
Services not exceeding 65 kVA shall have permanently installed electrical metering
to record energy (kWh).
Electrical meters shall be installed to measure the energy units generated on site
through DG/ GG sets.
Separate electrical sub-meters shall be installed to measure energy consumption
by HVAC plant, AHU fans and indoor lighting.
BTU meters* shall be installed for each chiller at the entry and leaving points to
measure the cooling generated by chillers.
BTU meter* shall be installed on the chilled water loop to measure the buildings
total cooling demand.
*BTU Meter: BTU is the acronym for British Thermal Unit, which is a traditional unit of
energy. BTU meters are used for thermometric billing as they measure heat in terms
of BTU. These meters are used for measuring energy consumption of heating and
cooling systems. By installing BTU meters at individual chillers, cooling generated
by individual chillers can be measured and by installing the BTU meter on the chilled
water loop, buildings total cooling demand can be measured.
92
CHAPTER 13
MAINTENANCE
13.1 Organized maintenance based on preventive maintenance is essential to ensure:
(i) Un-interrupted service
(ii) No break-down
(iii) Safety, no mishaps
(iv) Economic operation
(v) Lower energy bills
(vi) Long useful life.
13.2 Therefore, due importance is to be given for maintenance.
13.3 General Guidelines
13.3.1 Persons engaged in maintenance works should be competent for the type of work
involved and should possess necessary license.
13.3.2 Safety procedures as indicated in Chapter 10 should be duly followed.
13.3.3 (a) In any building, additions and alterations are bound to occur at any time. When
such additions/ alterations are to be undertaken, it is very important to check in
advance the likely loading of the distribution system and to strengthen the system
as necessary before allowing the extra load to be connected, so as to avoid
overloading of any part of the system. Even phase balancing may need to be
redone so as to keep the neutral current low. To enable compliance to this safety
aspect, the detailed distribution schematic diagram indicating also the wire/cable
sizes, current rating of switchgear/ fuses, loading on individual circuit etc. should
be available at site. This may be kept up even in a register form, with different
pages for different oors/ wings, for ready reference at any time. This should be
supplemented with detailed inventory.
(b) These should be updated, as and when additions/ alterations are carried out so
that the data may be fully relied upon, for further references. In fact, if any major
additions alterations/ rewiring is carried out, proper record should be kept in the
history book for the installation.
(c) It is necessary that those responsible for the site maintenance should have a clear
knowledge about the distribution system.
93
13.3.4 The number of items to be maintained in a building may be many like ttings, fans,
DBs, earth sets etc. In order to achieve compliance to the prescribed periodicities
for the various activities on them as per this schedule, each of these items may be
divided into convenient numbers, to carry out the respective activities in sub periods,
in a cyclic (sequential) order. For example, if DBs are to be checked every month, and
there are 50 DBs in a building, these may be checked at the rate of 2 or 3 DBs every
day in a sequential order (programmed in advance) so that all DBs are checked in a
month.
13.3.5 Maintenance activities carried out as per this schedule should be noted in the
Maintenance Register. When tests are carried out, the test results should be recorded
with appropriate identication references (For Example: SDB7; Earth pit No.4; R/M-
Wing A etc.)
13.3.6 (a) The voltage of supply, total load current and PF should be noted in logbook every day,
preferably during peak loading time of the day. (In the case of isolated/ unattended
buildings where it is not feasible to log daily, the period may be increased to weekly
or fortnightly as feasible).
(b) If any instrument is not provided, provide the same now. If any of the instruments
is defective, get it repaired early.
13.3.7 Inspection of electrical installations is intended primarily from re safety considerations.
Following points need to be observed as part of inspection, and corrective action
as necessary should be taken immediately, including coordination with the client
departments concerned, as may be required.
(i) Check that there is no sign of heating up, burning smell, decolouration or sparking
at any of the boards (SDBs as well as main boards), and Rising Mains. These may
occur due to overloading or loose terminations. Highly unbalanced loading may
cause heavy neutral currents and consequent heating of neutral conductors and
terminals.
(ii) No temporary wiring exists anywhere in the building.
(iii) There is no joint in cords connecting the WTAC units/ voltage regulators/ofce
equipment like photocopier, PC etc.
(iv) No bare wiring exists over the ooring without mechanical protection by a metallic
conduit / channel.
(v) There is no misuse of socket outlets, such as connecting power load to light socket,
connection of multiple loads to one socket, use of heaters in record room, library
etc. In such cases of additional demands of outlets, these should be provided
early, after taking approval of the competent authority.
(vi) All DBs should be only of MCB type and all sockets for WTAC units should be of
industrial type controlled by MCB.
(vii) The shafts/ spaces for electrical services are not misused, for storage or for
dumping rubbish.
(viii) The spaces in front of DBs and sockets are free (without any storage of les/
papers etc.)
94
(ix) No additions/ alterations are done by the user departments to the electrical
installations by themselves.
13.3.8 (a) A record of loading upto DB level (in each phase in case of 3 phase DBs) should
be maintained, after measurements using a clip on ammeter. Such measurement
should be done, as far as possible during peak season (summer and winter), when
the loads are likely to be the highest.
(b) The PF should be maintained above 0.8 (or any higher value xed by the licensee
without penalty). Examine the adequacy of capacitors (if any) accordingly.
(c) Note down from the electricity bills, details of maximum demand, energy & PF
to examine the trend of loading, penal charges if any being paid etc. (Even if the
bills are paid directly by client Depts.) review of contract demand, strengthening of
system, PF correction requirements etc. should be done with this review.
13.3.9 (a) While cleaning ttings and fans, the xing/ suspending arrangements should also
be checked and attended to as necessary. Care should be taken that the alignment
is not disturbed.
(b) (i) In the case of ceiling fans, remove the blades, and wash the same with
detergent, without causing any deformation of blade angle. Check the shackle
and replace if damaged. Check that down rod is fully screwed upto the last
thread on both ends and that threads are not loose. If so required, replace
with new down rod of the same size, thickness and length of threading (not
less than 20 mm). Check split pins and replace if any strain deformation or
damage is observed. If any other system of suspension had been adopted,
check the soundness of the same and tighten as necessary. Fix fan blades
tightly to the body. Operate the fan at different speeds; the run should be
without wobbling/ noise.
(ii) As per specications, lubrication needs to be done as necessary. In such
cases, the fan needs to be brought down, after removing the blades. The
old grease should be replaced with a fresh one, after cleaning the bearing.
If damaged, the bearing should be replaced. When reinstalling the fan, the
suspension bolts should be well tightened.
13.3.10 (a) Insulation test should be done during monsoon season, as per clause 16.2 of
CPWD General Specications for Electrical Works Part I Internal, 2013.
(b) Earth continuity test and earth electrode resistance test should be conducted
during summer season, as per clauses 16.4 and 16.5 of the above specications.
(c) Record the test results giving identication references. If results are not satisfactory
in any part of the installation, reason should be checked and corrective action be
taken immediately.
95
CHAPTER 14
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
14.1 Cleanliness is the mother of preventive maintenance. Keep areas clean.
14.2 Have schematic diagram for each installation.
14.3 No loose wiring.
14.4 No overloading.
14.5 Preventive maintenance of switchboards, DBs every six months.
14.6 For multi-storied building go for fuseless switchgear like ACBs, MCCBs, and MCBs, as
a precaution against re on account of short circuit.
14.7 Prepare preventive maintenance schedule for each installation.
14.8 Proper manning/ supervision of installation.
14.9 Maintenance of logs records and history sheet of events and breakdowns. Ensure
working of all measuring and indicating instruments.
14.10 Take safety measures.
14.11 Annual inspection to ensure system adequacy, safety, efciency and take remedial
measures.
14.12 Replacement of old/outlived equipments.
14.13 Six monthly survey report of dismantled materials.
14.14 Display important telephone numbers.
14.15 Entrust repairs and maintenance to only skilled personnel and rms.
14.16 No short circuit to problem like patchy repairs.
14.17 Compound Lighting
Annual painting of poles. 3 monthly cleaning of ttings. Weekly check of working of all
ttings. This ensures a bright and safe premises during night.
14.18 For proper maintenance of electrical installations, the following items of work shall be
carried out regularly as per periodicity stated below and a proper record of such work
shall be maintained.
(a) Earth testing - Once in a year
(b) Insulation test - Once in a year
96
(c) Cleaning of E.I.
(i) Residential Buildings - Once in a year
(ii) Non-residential Buildings - Once in a year
(d) Painting of E.I.
(i) Residential Buildings - Once in 3 years
(ii) Ofce Buildings - Once in 2 years.
(iii) Important Public Buildings - Once in a year
(iv) Spray painting of ceiling fans - Once in 5 years.
(e) Painting of outdoor metallic items - Once in a year
like MS poles, feeder pillars etc
(f) Oiling and greasing of fans - As and when required
(g) Checking of regulators, replacement - Once in a year.
of carbon brushes etc.
(h) Polarity test - Once in 5 years.

97
CHAPTER 15
PAINTING
15.0 Scope
This chapter covers the requirements of painting work in internal electrical installations,
carried out manually by brush. This does not cover spray-painting work of factory
made items.
15.1 Painting Work in General
15.1.1 Paints
Paints, oils, varnishes etc. of approved make in original tin to the satisfaction of the
Engineer-in-charge shall only be used.
15.1.2 Preparation of the Surface
The surface shall be thoroughly cleaned and made free from dust or foreign matter
before painting is started. The proposed surface may be inspected by the Engineer-in-
charge before the paint is applied.
15.1.3 Application
(i) Paint shall be applied with brush. The paint shall be spread as smooth and even
as possible. Particular care shall be paid to rivets, nuts, bolts and overlapping.
Before drawing out in smaller containers, it shall be continuously stirred with a
smooth stick, while painting work is taken up.
(ii) Primer coat of anti-corrosive paint shall be given in the case of steel work, after
preparing the surface. In all cases of painting work, nishing shall be with 2 coats
of paint in approved shade.
(iii) Each coat shall be allowed to dry out sufciently before a subsequent coat is
applied.
15.1.4 Precautions
All furniture, xtures, glazing, oors etc. shall be protected by suitable covering. All
stains, smears, splashing, dropping etc. shall be removed. While painting of wiring etc.
it shall be ensured that the painting of wall and ceiling etc. is not spoiled in any way.
15.1.5 Repainting
(i) Painting on old surface in indoor situations will not include primer coat except
where specially mentioned in the tender documents. However, where rust has
formed on iron and steel surfaces, the spots will be painted with one anti-rust
primer coat, after preparing the surface.
98
(ii) In cases of repainting, the old paint shall be removed by rst scrapping, or by
applying a suitable solvent, and thereafter a fresh coat of the paint shall be applied.
15.2 Painting of Conduits and Accessories
(i) Requirement of painting of metallic conduits before installation on surface shall be
met as per clause 4.3.2 (i).
(ii) Requirement of painting of metallic boxes shall be as per clauses 4.2.3 (i) and
4.3.1 (iv).
(iii) After installation in surface or recess, all accessible surface of metallic conduit
pipes and ttings, switch boxes and regulator boxes etc. shall be painted with two
coats of enamel paint of approved shade.
15.3 Repainting of Ceiling Fan by Spray Painting
The spray painting of ceiling fan shall be done as per following procedure:
(i) Clean the surface free from all foreign and harmful materials as dirt, moisture,
greasy dirt, salts, rust etc. by means of any suitable detergent as required and dry
the surface.
(ii) Rub down lightly with waterproof emery paper, if required in case surface is rusty
and wipe off the surface using a piece of clean and dry soft cloth.
(iii) Apply one coat of nishing enamel conforming to IS 2932 : 1974 uniformly by
spraying and allow it to dry.
99
CHAPTER 16
TESTING OF INSTALLATION
16.0 Scope
This chapter describes the details of tests to be conducted in the completed internal
electrical installations, before commissioning.
16.1 General
16.1.1 Tests
On completion of installation, the following tests shall be carried out:-
(1) Insulation resistance test.
(2) Polarity test of switch.
(3) Earth continuity test.
(4) Earth electrode resistance test.
16.1.2 Witnessing of Tests
Testing shall be carried out for the completed installations, in the presence of and to
the satisfaction of the Engineer-in-charge by the contractor. All test results shall be
recorded and submitted to the Department.
16.1.3 Test Instruments
All necessary test instruments for the tests shall be arranged by the contractor if so
required by the Engineer-in-charge.
16.2 Insulation Resistance
16.2.1 The insulation resistance shall be measured by applying between earth and the whole
system of conductors, or any section thereof with all fuses in place, and all switches
closed, and except in earthed concentric wiring, all lamps in position, or both poles
of the installation otherwise electrically connected together, a direct current pressure
of not less than twice the working pressure, provided it need not exceed 500 volts
for medium voltage circuits. Where the supply is derived from a three wire D.C., or a
polyphase A.C. system, the neutral pole of which is connected to earth either directly
or through added resistance, the working pressure shall be deemed to be that which
is maintained between the phase conductor and the neutral.
100
16.2.2 The insulation resistance shall also be measured between all the conductors connected
to one pole, or phase conductor of the supply, and all the conductors connected to the
neutral, or to the other pole, or phase conductors of the supply with all the lamps in
position and switches in off position, and its value shall be not less than that specied
in sub-clause 16.2.3.
16.2.3 The insulation resistance in mega ohms measured as above shall not be less than
12.5 mega ohms for the wiring with PVC insulated cables, subject to a minimum of 1
mega ohm.
16.2.4 Where a whole installation is being tested, a lower value than that given by the formula,
subject to a minimum of 1 mega ohm, is acceptable.
16.2.5 A preliminary and similar test may be made before the lamps etc. are installed, and in
this event the insulation resistance to earth should not be less than 25 mega ohms for
the wiring with PVC insulted cables, subject to a minimum of 2 mega ohms.
16.2.6 The term outlet includes every point along with every switch, except that a switch
combined with a socket outlet, appliance or lighting tting is regarded as one outlet.
16.2.7 Control rheostats, heating and power appliances and electric signs may, if required, be
disconnected from the circuit during the test, but in that event the insulation resistance
between the case or frame work, and all live parts of each rheostat, appliance and
electric sign, shall be not less than that specied in the relevant Indian Standard
Specications, or where there is no such specication, shall be not less than one mega
ohm.
16.3 Polarity Test of Switch
16.3.1 In a two wire installation, a test shall be made to verify that all the switches in every
circuit have been tted in the same conductor throughout, and such conductor shall
be labeled or marked for connection to the phase conductor, or to the non-earthed
conductors of the supply.
16.3.2 In a three wire or a four wire installation, a test shall be made to verify that every
non-linked single pole switch is tted in a conductor which is labeled, or marked for
connection to one of the phase conductors of the supply.
16.3.3 The installation shall be connected to the supply for testing. The terminals of all
switches shall be tested by a test lamp, one lead of which is connected to the earth.
Glowing of test lamp to its full brilliance, when the switch is in on position irrespective
of appliance in position or not, shall indicate that the switch is connected to the right
polarity.
16.4 Testing of Earth Continuity Path
The earth continuity conductor, including metal conduits and metallic envelopes of
cables in all cases, shall be tested for electric continuity. The electrical resistance of
the same along with the earthing lead, but excluding any added resistance, or earth
leakage circuit breaker, measured from the connection with the earth electrode to any
point in the earth continuity conductor in the completed installation shall not exceed
one ohm.
101
16.5 Measurement of Earth Electrode Resistance
16.5.1 Two auxiliary earth electrodes, besides the test electrode, are placed at suitable
distance from the test electrode (see Fig. 13). A measured current is passed between
the electrode A to be tested and an auxiliary current electrode C, and the potential
difference between the electrode A and auxiliary potential B is measured. The
resistance of the test electrode A is then given by:

Where,
R - Resistance of the test electrode in ohms,
V - Reading of the voltmeter in volts,
I - Reading of the ammeter in amps.
16.5.2 (i) Stray currents owing in the soil may produce serious errors in the measurement
of earth resistance. To eliminate this, hand driven generator is used.
(ii) If the frequency of the supply of hand driven generator coincides with the frequency
of stray current, there will be wandering of instrument pointer. An increase or
decrease of generator speed will cause this to disappear.
16.5.3 At the time of test, the test electrode shall be separated from the earthing system.
16.5.4 The auxiliary electrodes shall be of 13 mm diameter mild steel rod driven upto 1 m into
the ground.
16.5.5 All the three electrodes shall be so placed that they are independent of the resistance
area of each other. If the test electrode is in the form of a rod, pipe or plate, the
auxiliary current electrode C shall be placed at least 30 m away from it, and the
auxiliary potential electrode B shall be placed mid-way between them.
16.5.6 Unless three consecutive readings of test electrode resistance agree, the test shall be
repeated by increasing the distance between electrodes A and C upto 50 m, and each
time placing the electrode B midway between them.
16.5.7 On these principles, Megger Earth Tester, containing a direct reading ohm-meter, a
hand driven generator and auxiliary electrodes are manufactured for direct reading of
earth resistance of electrodes.
16.6 Test Certicate
On completion of an electrical installation (or an extension to an installation), a certicate
shall be furnished by the contractor, countersigned by the certied supervisor under
whose direct supervision the installation was carried out. This certicate shall be in the
prescribed form as given in Appendix E in addition to the test certicate required by
the local Electric Supply Authorities.

V
I
R =
102
APPENDIX A
TERMINOLOGY
[Clause 1.3.1]
This appendix indicates some of the commonly used and important terms, relevant for the Internal
EI works. For complete list of terms, relevant IS may be referred to.
1. Exposed Conductive Part A conductive part of electrical equipment, which can be
touched and which is not normally live, but which may become the earth potential.
2. Extraneous Conductive Part A conductive part not forming part of the electrical
installation and liable to introduce a potential, generally the earth potential.
3. Direct Contact Contact of persons or livestock with live parts, which may result in
electrical shock.
4. Indirect Contract Contact of persons or livestock with exposed conductive parts made
live by a fault and which may result in electric shock.
5. Live Part A conductor or conductive part intended to be energized in normal use,
including a neutral conductor but by convention, not a PEN conductor.
6. Touch Voltage The potential difference between a grounded metallic structure and a
point on the earth surface separated by a distance equal to the normal maximum horizontal
reach of approximately 1 metre.
7. Danger Danger to health or danger to life or limb from shock, burn or injury from
mechanical movement to persons (and livestock where present), or from re attendant
upon the use of electrical energy.
8. Earth The conductive mass of the earth, whose electric potential at any point is
conventionally taken as zero.
9. Earth Electrode A conductor or group of conductors in intimate contact with and
providing an electrical connection to earth.
10. Earth Fault Loop Impedance The impedance of the earth fault current loop (phase to
earth loop), starting and ending at the point of earth fault.
11. Earth Leakage Current A current that ows to earth, or to extraneous conductive parts,
in a circuit, which is electrically sound.
12. Earth Conductor A protective conductor connecting the main earth terminal (or
equipotential bonding conductor of an installation when there is no earth bus) to an earth
electrode or to other means of earthing.
13. Equipotential Bonding Electrical connections putting various exposed conductive parts
and extraneous conductive parts at a substantially equal potential.
Note: In a building installation, equipotential bonding conductors shall interconnect the
following conductive parts:
103
(a) Protective conductor
(b) Earth continuity conductor, and
(c) Risers of air-conditioning systems and heating system (if any).
14. Main Earthing Terminal The terminal or bar which is the equipotential bonding conductor
of protective conductors, and conductors for functional earthing, if any, to the means of
earthing.
15. Protective Conductor A conductor used for some measures of protection against
shock, and intended for connecting together any of the following parts:
(a) Exposed conductive parts,
(b) Extraneous conductive parts
(c) The main earthing terminal, and
(d) The earthed point of the source, or an articial neutral.
16. Residual Current The algebraic sum of the instantaneous values of current owing
through all the live conductors of a circuit at a point of the electrical installation.
17. Residual Current Device (RCD) A mechanical switching device, or an association of
devices intended to cause the opening of the contacts when the residual current attains a
given value under the specied conditions.
18. Residual Operating Current Residual current, which causes the residual current device
to operate under specied conditions.
19. Simultaneously Accessible Parts Conductors or conductive parts which can be
touched simultaneously by a person or, where applicable, by livestock.
Note: In the context of protection against direct contact, a live part may be accessible with:
(a) Another live part, or
(b) An exposed conductive part, or
(c) An extraneous conductive part, or
(d) A protective conductor
20. Switch, Linked A switch, the contacts of which are so arranged as to make or break all
the poles simultaneously, or in a denite sequence.
21. Switchboard An assembly of switchgear with or without instruments, but the term does
not apply to a group of local switches in a nal circuit.
Note: This is as per BIS. In these specications, this term is used for the mounting frame
in particular. With the mountings, it is termed as a switchboard panel.
22. Switchgear An assembly of main and auxiliary switching apparatus for operation,
regulation, protection, or other control of electrical installations.
Note: For more comprehensive denitions of the terms in 2.103 to 2.106, See IS 1885
(Part 17) : 1979.
104
APPENDIX B
CONVENTIONAL SIGNS & SYMBOLS FOR
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
[Clause 1.3.2]
General wiring
Wiring on the surface
Wiring under the surface
WIRING IN CONDUIT
Conduit on surface
Consealed conduit
Wiring going upwards
Wiring going downwards
Wiring passing vertically
FUSE BOARDS
LIGHTING CIRCUIT FUSE-BOARDS
Main fuse-board without switches
Main fuse-board with switches
Distribution fuse-board without switches
Distribution fuse-board with switches
POWER CIRCUIT FUSE-BOARDS
Main fuse-board without switches
Main fuse-board with switches
Distribution fuse-board without switches
Distribution fuse-board with switches
SWITCHES & SWITCH OUTLETS
ONE WAY SWITCH
Single pole
Two pole
Three pole
Single pole pull switch
Multi-position switch (for different degrees of lighting)
Two-way switch
lntermediate switch
Period limiting switch
105
Time switch
Pendant Switch
Push button
Luminous push button
Restricted access push button
SOCKET OUTLETS
Socket-outlet, 5A
Socket-outlet, 15A
Combined switch & socket-outlet, 5A
Combined switch & socket-outlet, 15A
Interlocking switch & socket-outlet, 5A
Interlocking switch & socket-outlet, 15A
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS
Lamp or outlet for lamp
Group of three 40W lamps
Lamp mounted on a wall
Lamp mounted on a ceiling
Counter-weight lamp xture
Chain lamp xture
Road lamp xture
Lamp xture with built-in-switch
Lamp fed from variable voltage supply
Emergency lamp
Panic lamp
Bulk head lamp
Water-tight lighting tting
Batten lamp holder
Projector
Spot light
Flood light
Flourescent lamp
Group of three 40 W ourescent lamps
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
General
W.T.
B.H.
3 x 40 W
106
BELLS, BUZZERS
Bell push
Bell
Buzzer
FIRE ALARM
Fire alarm push
Automatic contact
Bell connected to re alarm
Fire alarm indicator
(At N insert number of ways)

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
Amplier
Control board
Microphone outlet
Loudspeaker outlet
RADIO RECEPTION OUTLETS
Receiver outlet
Aerial
FIXED APPARATUS OUTLETS
Ceiling fan
Bracket fan
Exhaust fan
Fan regulator
EARTHING
Earth point
107
APPENDIX C
IMPORTANT CLAUSES OF INDIAN ELECTRICITY RULES, 1956
[Clause 1.21]
The following clauses of Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 shall in particular be taken care of in
the execution of Internal EI works:-
Clause No. Subject
3 Authorization.
29 Construction, installation, protection, operation maintenance of electric supply
lines and apparatus.
31 Cutout on consumers premises.
32 Identication of earthed and earthed neutral conductors and position of switches
and cutouts therein.
33 Earthed terminal on consumers premises.
36 Handling of electric supply lines and apparatus.
41 Distinction of circuits of different voltages.
42 Accidental charges.
43 Provisions applicable to protective equipment.
44 Instructions for restoration of persons suffering from electric shock.
44A Intimation of Accident.
45 Precautions to be adopted by consumers, owners, occupiers, electrical contractors,
electrical workmen and suppliers.
46 Periodical inspections and testing of consumers installation.
48 Precautions against leakage before connection.
50 Supply and use of energy.
50A Additional provisions for supply and use of energy in multistoried building (more
than 15 meters in height).
51 Provisions applicable to medium, high or extra-high voltage installations.
54 Declared voltage of supply to consumer.
55 Declared frequency of supply to consumer.
56 Sealing of meters and cutouts.
108
58 Point of commencement of supply.
59 Precautions against failures of supply; Notice of failures.
61 Connection with earth.
61A Earth leakage protective device.
64 Use of energy at high and extra-high voltage.
64A Additional provisions for use of energy at high and extra high voltage.
67 Connection with earth.
68 General conditions as to transformation and control of energy.
All clauses (74-93) under Chapter VIII on Overhead Lines.
137 Mode of entry.
138 Penalty for breaking seal.
138A Penalty for breach of rule 44A.
139 Penalty for breach of Rule 45.
140 Penalty for breach of Rule 82.
140A Penalty for breach of Rules 77, 79 or 80.
141 Penalty for breach of Rules.

Clause No. Subject
109
APPENDIX D
IMPORTANT INDIAN STANDARDS
[Clause 1.22.4]
CODES OF PRACTICE GUIDE
Sl.No. Standard Title Reafrm Date Amdt.
(1) IS 732:1989
(2) IS 4648:1968
(3) IS 8061:1976
(4) IS 8884:1978
(5) IS 5578:1984/
IEC 60391 (1972)
(6) IS 11353:1985/
IEC 60445 (1973)
(7) IS 13234:1991/
IEC 60909: 1988
(8) IS 7752 (Part 1):
1975
(9) IS 3646 (Part 1):
1992
(10) IS 3646 (Part 2):
1966
(11) IS 3646 (Part 3):
1968
(12) IS 4347:1967
(13) IS 6665:1972
(14) IS 2672:1966
(15) IS 10118
(Part 1):1982
(16) IS 10118
(Part 2):1982
(17) IS 10118
(Part 3):1982
Code of practice for electrical wiring installations (third
revision)
Guide for electrical layout in residential buildings
Code of practice for design, installation and maintenance
of service lines upto and including 650 V
Code of practice for the installation of electric bells and
call systems
Guide for marking of insulated conductors (rst revision)
Guide for uniform system of marking and identication of
conductors and apparatus terminals
Guide for short circuit current calculations in three-phase
ac systems (superseding IS 5728)
Guide for improvement of power factor in consumer
installation: Part 1 Low and medium supply voltages
Code of practice for interior illumination: Part 1 General
requirements and recommendations for working interiors
(rst revision)
Code of practice for interior illumination: Part 2 Schedule
of illumination and glare index
Code of practice for interior illumination: Part 3 Calculation
of coefcients of utilization by the BZ method
Code of practice for hospital lighting
Code of practice for industrial lighting
Code of practice for library lighting
Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance
of switchgear and controlgear : Part 1 General
of Switchgear and controlgear : Part 2 Selection
of switchgear and controlgear : Part 3 Installation
March 2010
August 2012
March 2011
August 2012
March 2011
J uly 2012
August 2012
March 2011
March 2008
March 2008
March 2008
May 2010
May 2010
May 2010
March 2011
March 2011
March 2011
110
of switchgear and controlgear : Part 4 Maintenance
Application guide for voltage transformers (rst revision)
Application guide for current transformers (rst revision)
Application guide for capacitor voltage transformers (rst
revision)
Code of practice for protection of buildings and allied
structures against lightning (second revision)
Code of practice for earthing
Recommendations on safety procedures and practices in
electrical work: Part 1 General (rst revision)
Recommendations on safety procedures and practices in
electrical work: Part 2 Life saving techniques (rst revision)
Electric table type fans and regulators (third revision)
Electric pedestal type fans and regulators (rst revision)
Electric ceiling type fans and regulators (third revision)
Air circulator type electric fans and regulators
Propeller type ac ventilating fans (rst revision)
Draft Standard issued in wide circulation
Electric axial ow fans (rst revision)
Roof extractor units (rst revision)
Hot air fans (rst revision)
Industrial cooling fans (man coolers) (rst revision)
Centrifugal fans (rst revision)
Electronic type fan regulators
General and safety requirements for fans and regulators
for household and similar purposes
(18) IS 10118
(Part 4):1982
(19) IS 4146:1983
(20) IS 4201:1983
(21) IS 5547:1983
(22) IS 2309:1989
(23) IS 3043:1987
(24) IS 5216
(Part 1):1982
(25) IS 5216
(Part 2):1982
(1) IS 555:1979
(2) IS 1169:1967
(3) IS 374:1979
(4) IS 2997:1964
(5) IEC: 60665 (1981)
IS 2312:1967
(6) IS 3588:1987
(7) IS 3963:1987
(8) IS 4283:1981
(9) IS 6272:1987
(10) IS 4894:1987
(11) IS 11037:1984
(12) IS 12155:1987
March 2011
September 2011
September 2011
September 2011
March 2010 1
March 2011 2
March 2010
March 2010
J uly 2010
Mar 2009
September 2010
J uly 2010
J uly 2010
August 2009
August 2009
August 2009
August 2009
August 2009
August 2010
ELECTRIC FANS
2
6
6
8
8
1
3
3
2
3
3
111
General requirements for switchgear and controlgear for
voltages not exceeding 1000 volts ac or 1200 volts dc
(rst revision) [superseded by IS 13947 (Part 1):1993]
Control switches (switching devices for control and
auxiliary circuits including contactor relays) for voltages
upto and including 1000 V ac & 1200 V dc: Part 1 General
requirements [superseded by IS 13947 (Part 5/Section 1)]
upto and including 1000 V ac and 1200 V dc: Part 2 Push-
buttons and related control switches [Superseded by
IS 13947 (Part 5/Section1)]
upto and including 1000 V ac and 1200 V dc : Part 3
Rotary control switches [superseded by IS 13947 (Part 5/
Section 1)]
Composite units of air-break switches and rewirable type
fuses for voltages not exceeding 650 volt ac - Specication
(rst revision)
Air-break switches, air break disconnectors, air-break
switch disconnectors and fuse-combination units for
voltages not exceeding 1000 V ac or 1200 V dc: Part 1
General requirements (revised) [superseded by IS 13947
(Part 3): 1993]
Enclosed Distribution Fuse Boards and Cut Outs for
voltages not exceeding 1000 V A.C. or 1200 V D.C.
Circuit-breakers for over current protection for household
and similar installations (second revision)
Miniature circuit breaker boards for voltage upto and
including 1 000 Volt ac
Residual current operated circuit-breakers for household
and simililar uses : Part 1 circuit-breakers without integral
over current protection (RCCBs) (First Revision)
Residual current operated circuit-breakers for household
and similar uses: Part 2 circuit breakers with integral over
current protection (RCBOs) (First Revision)
Contactors for voltages not exceeding 1000 V ac or 1200
V dc (rst revision) [superseded by IS 13947 (Part 4/
Section 1)]
Specication for control transformers for switchgear and
controlgear for voltages not exceeding 1000 Volt AC
(1) IS 4237:1982
(2) IS 6875 (Part 1):
1973
(3) IS 6875 (Part 2):
1973
(4) IS 6875 (Part 3):
1980
(5) IS 10027:2000
(6) IS 4064 (Part 1):
1978
(7) IS 2675:1983
(8) IS 8828:1996
(9) IS 13032:1991
(10) IS 12640
(Part 1): 2008
(11) IS 12640 (Part 2):
2008
(12) IS 2959:1985
(13) IS 12021:1987
1
2
March 2010
March 2011
March 2011
March 2010
LOW VOLTAGE SWITCH GEAR AND CONTROL GEAR
112
POWER CABLE
(14) IS 5039:1983
(15) IS 8623 (Part 1):
1993/
IEC 60439-1 (1985)
(16) IS 8623 (Part
2):1993/
IEC 60439-2 (1987)
(17) IS 8544 (Part 1):
1977
(18) IS 8544 (Part 2):
1977
(19) IS 8544 (Part 3/
Sec 1): 1979
(20) IS 8544 (Part 4):
1979
(1) IS 694:1990/
IEC 60227-
1 to 5 (1979)
(2) IS 694: 2010
(3) IS 1554 (Part 1):
1988/
IEC 60502 (1983)
(4) IS 3961 (Part 1):
1967
(5) IS 4288:1988
(6) IS 4289 (Part 1):
1984/
IEC 60245-5
Distribution pillars for voltages not exceeding 1000 volts
(rst revision)
Specication for low voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies: Part 1 Requirements for type-tested and
partially type tested assemblies (rst revision).
Specication for low voltage switchgear and controlgear
assemblies: Part 2 Particular requirements for busbar
trunking systems (busways)-(rst revision)
Motor starters for voltages not exceeding 1000 V: Part
Direction line ac starters [superseded by IS 13947 (Part
4/Section 1): 1993]
Motor starters for voltages not exceeding 1000 V : Part
2 Star-delta starters [superseded by IS 13947 (Part 4/
Section 1): 1993]
Motor starters for voltages not exceeding 1000 V : Part 3
Rheostatic motor starters, Section 1 General requirements
[superseded by IS 13947 (Part 4/Section 1): 1993]
Motor starters for voltages not exceeding 1000 V: Part 4
Reduced voltage ac starters: two step auto-transformer
starters [superseded by IS 13947 (Part 4/Section 1):
1993]
PVC Insulated cables for working voltages upto and
including 1100 V
Polyvinyl chloride insulated sheathed and unsheathed
cables with rigid and exible conductor for rated voltages
upto and including 450/750 V :
Part 1 General requirements (fourth revision)
PVC insulated (heavy duty) electric cables:
Part 2 For working voltages upto and including 1100 V
(Third revision)
Recommended current ratings for cables:
Part 1 Paper insulated lead sheathed cables
PVC insulated (heavy duty) electric cables with solid
aluminium conductors for voltages upto and including
1100 V (second revision) (withdrawn)
Flexible cables for lifts and other exible connections:
Part 1 Elastomer insulated cables (rst revision)
March 2011
March 2008
March 2008
February 2010
November 2011
2
2
2
2
5
1
113
ELECTRIC WIRING ACCESSORIES
(1) IS 9537 (Part 1):
1980/
IEC 60614-1 (1978)
(2) IS 9537 (Part 2):
1981
(3) IS 3480:1966
(4) IS 2667:1988
(5) IS 3837:1976
(6) IS 9537 (Part 4):
1983
(7) IS 9537 (Part 5):
2000/
IEC 60614-2-3
(1990)
(8) IS 3419:1989
(9) IS 14772:2000/
IEC 60670-1
(1989)
(10) IS 2412:1975
(11) IS 371:1999
(12) IS 3854:1997/
IEC 60669-1
(1998)
(13) IS 4615:1968
(14) IS 4160:2005/
IEC 60884-2-6
(1997)
(15) IS 1293:2005/
IEC 60884-1
(2002)
Conduits for electrical installations: Part 1 General
Requirements
Conduits for electrical installations: Part 2 Rigid steel
conduits (superseding IS:1653)
Flexible steel conduits for electrical wiring
Fittings for rigid steel conduits for electrical wiring (rst
revision) [Superseded by IS 14768 (Part 2): 2003]
Accessories for rigid steel conduits for electrical wiring
(rst revision)
Conduits for electrical installations: Part 4 Pliable self-
recovering conduits of insulating materials
Conduits for a electrical installations: Part 5 Pliable
conduits of insulating material
[Superseding IS 6946]
Fittings for rigid non-metallic conduits (second revision)
Enclosures for accessories for household and similar
xed electrical installations
[Superseding IS 5133 (Part 1 and 2)]
Link clips for electrical wiring (rst revision)
Ceiling roses (third revision)
Switches for domestic and similar purposes (second
revision)
Switch-socket outlets (non-interlocking type) (Withdrawn)
Interlocking switch socket outlets - Specication (rst
revision)
Plugs and socket outlets of rated voltage upto and
including 250 volts and rated current upto and including
16 amperes - Specication (third revision)
November 2010
May 2012
May 2012
February 2008
May 2012
May 2012
J une 2010

May 2012
May 2010
May 2012
March 2010
J uly 2012
J une 2010
J une 2010
(1)
(2)
(1)
(1)
(2)
(4)
(6)
(5)
114
ELECTRICAL LAMPS AND THEIR AUXILIARIES
LIGHT FITTINGS AND LUMINAIRES
(1) IS 418:2004/
IEC 60064 (1993)
(2) IS 2418 (Part 1):
1977/
IEC 81 (1974)
(3) IS 9900 (Part 1):
1981 /
IEC 188 (1974)
(4) IS 9974 (Part 1):
1981/
IEC 662 (1980)
(5) IS 1258:2005/
IEC 61184 (1997)
(6) IS 3323:1980/
IEC 60400 (1972)
(7) IS 3324:1982/
IEC 400 (1972)
(8) IS 2215:2006/
IEC 60155 (1993)
(9) IS 1534 (Part 1):
1977 /
IEC 82 (1973)
(10) IS 1569:1976/
IEC 566
(11) IS 6616:1982/
IEC 262 (1969)
(1) IS 1913 (Part 1):
1978
(2) *IS 10322 (Part
1) :1982 /
IEC 598 - 1(1979)
(3) IS 10322 (Part 2):
1982 /
IEC 598 - 1(1979)
Tungsten lament lamps for domestic and similar general
lighting purposes (fourth revision)
Tubular uorescent lamps for general lighting service:
Part 1 Requirements and tests (rst revision)
High pressure mercury vapour lamps: Part 1 Requirements
and test
[Superseding IS 2183 and IS 7023]
High pressure sodium vapour lamps :
Part 1 General requirements and tests
Bayonet lamp holders (fourth revision)
Bi-pin lamp holders for tubular uorescent lamps
(rst revision)
Holders for starters for tubular uorescent lamps
(rst revision)
Starters for uorescent lamps (third revision)
Ballasts for uorescent lamps: Part 1 For switch start
circuits (second revision)
Capacitors for use in tubular uorescent
Ballasts for high pressure mercury vapour Lamps
(rst revision)
General and safety requirements for luminaires: Part 1
Tubular uorescent lamps (second revision)
Luminaires: Part 1 General requirements
Luminaires: Part 2 Constructional Requirements
March 2009
December 2010
October 2012
October 2012
J une 2010
October 2012
J une 2008
J un 2010
J uly 2011
J uly 2011
J uly 2011
May 2010
May 2010
(4)
(8)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(1)
(5)
(1)
(1)
115
(4) IS 10322 (Part 5/
Sec. 2):2012
(5) IS 10322 (Part 5/
Sec. 3):2012/
IEC 60598-2-3
(1979)
(6) IS 10322 (Part 5/
Sec 4):1987/
IEC 60598-2-4
(1979)
(7) IS 10322 (Part 5/
Sec 5):1987/
IEC 60598-2-5
(8) IS 3287:1965
(9) IS 1777:1978
(10) IS 2206 (Part 1):
1984
(11) IS 3528:1966
(12) IS 3553:1966
(13) IS 8030:1976/
IEC 162 (1972)
(14) IS 7537:1974
(15) IS 9583:1981/
IEC 598-2-22
(1980)
Luminaires: Part 5 Particular requirements, Sec 2
Recessed luminaires (First Revision)
Luminaires: Part 5 Particular requirements, Sec 3
Luminaires for road and street lighting (First revision)
Luminaires: Part 5 Particular requirements, Section 4
Portable general purpose
Luminaires: Part 5 Particular requirements, Section 5
Flood lights [superseding IS 1947]
Industrial lighting ttings with plastic reectors
Industrial luminaires with metal reectors (rst revision)
Flameproof electric lighting ttings: Part 1 Well-glass and
bulkhead types (rst revision)
Waterproof electric lighting ttings
Watertight electric lighting ttings
Luminaires for hospitals
Road trafc signals
Emergency lighting units
March 2012
March 2012
May 2010
May 2010
May 2010
May 2010
March 2008
March 2008
March 2008
1
(1)
ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
(1) IS 302 (Part 1):
2008/
IEC 60335-1
(2006)
(2) IS 2268:1994
(3) IS 3412:1994
Safety of household and similar electrical appliances:
Part 1 General requirements (sixth revision)
Electric call bells and buzzers for indoor use (second
revision)
Electric water boilers (second revision)
March 2009
March 2009
(1)
116
ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS
(1) IS 6236:1971/
IEC 60258 (1968)
(2) IS 1248(Part 1):
2003/
IEC 600 51-1 (1997)
(3) IS 1248(Part 2):
2003/
IEC 600 51-2 (1984)
(4) IS 1248(Part 3):
2003/
IEC 600 51-3 (1984)
(5) IS 1248(Part 4):
2003/
IEC 600 51-4 (1984)
(6) IS 1248 (Part 5):
2003/
IEC 600 51-5 (1984)
(7) IS 722(Part 1):
1998

(8) IS 722 (Part 2):
1977
(9) IS 722 (Part 3):
1988
(10) IS 722 (Part 5):
1980
(11) IS 722 (Part 7/Sec
1): 1987
(12) IS 722 (Part 8):
1972
(13) IS 722 (Part 9):
1972
(14) IS 8530: 1977
IEC 60211:1966
(15) *IS 2992:1987
Direct recording electrical measuring Instruments
Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring
instruments and their accessories: Part 1 General
requirements (fourth revision)
instruments and their accessories: Part 2 Ammeters and
voltmeters (third revision)
instruments and their accessories: Part 3 Wattmeters and
varmeters (third revision)
instruments and their accessories: Part 4 Frequency
meters (third revision)
instruments and their accessories: Part 5 Phase meters,
power factor meters and synchroscope (third revision)
AC electricity meters : General requirement and tests
AC electricity meters: Part 2 Single-phase whole-current
watt-hour meters, Class 2 (rst revision)
AC electricity meters: Part 3 Three-phase whole current
and transformer operated and single-phase transformer
operated watt-hour meters, class 2 (second revision)
AC electricity meters: Part 5 Volt-ampere hour meters for
restricted power factor range, class 3.5 (rst revision)
AC electricity meters: Part 7 Volt-ampere hour meters for
full power factor range, Section 1 General requirements
(rst revision)
AC electricity meters: Part 8 Single-phase 2-wire whole
current watt-hour meter (class 1.0)
AC electricity meters: Part 9 Three-phase whole current
and transformer operated watt-hour meters and single-
phase two-wire transformer operated watt-hour meters
(class 1.0)
Maximum demand indicators (class 1)
Insulation resistance testers, hand operated (magneto
generator type) (second revision)
J anuary 2010
Sep 2008
Aug 2008
Aug 2012
Aug 2008
Aug 2008
J an 2010
117
INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS
FUSES
MISCELLANEOUS
(1) IS 2705 (Part 1):
1992/
IEC 60185 (1966)
(2) IS 2705 (Part 2):
1992/
IEC 60185 (1966)
(3) IS 2705 (Part 3):
1992/
IEC 60185 (1966)
(4) IS 2705 (Part 4):
1992/
IEC 60185 (1966)
(5) IS 6949:1973
(1) IS 9224 (Part 1):
1979
(2) IS 9224 (Part 2):
1979
(3) IS 2086:1993
(4) IS 9926:1981
(5) IS 8187:1976/
IEC 269-3 (1973)
(1) IS 2551:1982
(2) IS 2448 (Part 1):
1963
Current transformers: Part 1 General requirements
(second revision)
Current transformers: Part 2 Measuring current
transformers (second revision)
Current transformers: Part 3 Protective current
transformers (second revision)
Current transformers: Part 4 Protective current
transformers for special purpose applications (second
revision)
Summation current transformers
Low voltage fuses: Part 1 General requirements
[superseded by IS 13703 (Part 1):1993]
Low voltage fuses: Part 2 Supplementary requirements
for fuses for industrial applications (superseding IS 2208)
[superseded by IS 13703 (part 2/Section 1):1993]
Carriers and bases used in rewirable type electric fuses
for voltages upto 650 V (third revision) [Superseding IS
8724]
Fuse wires used in rewirable type electric fuses upto 650
volts
D-type fuses
Danger notice plates (rst revision)
Adhesive insulating tapes for electrical purposes: Part 1
Tapes with cotton textile substrates
Aug 2012
Aug 2012
Aug 2012
Aug 2012
Sep 2011
Mar 2009
Mar 2011
Mar 2010
Oct 2010
(1)
(1)
(5)
118
ELECTROTECHNICAL VOCABULARY
SAFETY
CODES OF PRACTICE GUIDE Date Amdt
(1) IS 1885 (Part 1):
1961
(2) IS 1885 (Part 9):
1992/
IEC 60050
(446):1983
(3) IS 1885 (Part 11):
1966
(4) IS 1885 (Part 16/
Sec 1):1968
(5) IS 1885 (Part 16/
Sec. 2):1968
(6) IS 1885 (Part 16/
Sec. 3):1967
(7) IS 1885 (Part 17):
1979
(8) IS 1885 (Part
32):1993/
IEC 60050 (461):
1984
(1) IS 4770:1991
(2) IS 5424:1969
Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 1 Fundamental
Denitions
Electrotechnical Vocabulary: Part 9 Electrical relays
(second revision)
Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 11 Electrical
Measurements
Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 16 Lighting, Section 1
General aspects
General illumination, lighting ttings and lighting for trafc
and signaling
Lamps and auxiliary apparatus
Electrotechnical vocabulary: Part 17 Switchgear and
controlgear (rst revision)
Electrotechnical Vocabulary: Part 32 Electric cables
(rst revision)
Rubber Gloves for electrical purposes
Rubber mats for electrical purpose (Superseded by IS
15652:2006)
J ul 2012
J ul 2012
J ul 2012
J ul 2012
J ul 2012
J ul 2012
J ul 2012
Mar 2009
April 2011
(2)
(2)
119
APPENDIX E
FORM OF COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
[Clauses 1.26]
I/We certify that the installation detailed below has been installed by me/us and tested and
that to the best of my/our knowledge and belief it complies with Indian Electricity Rules, 1956, as
well as the C.P.W.D. General Specications of Electrical Works 2013.
Electrical installation at .................................................................................................................
Voltage and system of supply .........................................................................................................
I. Particulars of work:
(a) Internal Electrical Installation
No. Total Type or system
Load of wiring
(i) Light point
(ii) Fan point
(iii) Plug Point
(a) 3 pin 5 Amp.
(b) 3 pin 15 Amp.
(b) Others Description HP/KW Type of
Starting
(a) Motors:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b) Other plants:
(c) If the work involves installation of overhead line and/or underground cable.
(d) (i) Type & description of overhead line.
(ii) Total length and no. of spans.
(iii) No. of street lights and its description.
(e) (i) Total length of underground cable & its size.
120
(ii) No. of joints: End joint :
Tee joint:
St. through joint:
II. Earthing
(i) Description of earthing electrode.
(ii) No. of earth electrodes.
(iii) Size of main earth lead.
III. Test results:
(a) Insulation resistance
(i) Insulation resistance of the whole system of
Conductors to earth Mega ohms
(ii) Insulation between the phase conductor and neutral
Between Phase R and neutral Mega ohms
Between Phase Y and neutral Mega ohms
Between Phase B and neutral Mega ohms
(iii) Insulation resistance between the phase conductors in case of polyphase
supply.
Between Phase R and Phase Y Mega ohms
Between Phase Y and Phase B Mega ohms
Between Phase B and Phase R Mega ohms
(b) Polarity test
Polarity of linked single pole branch switches.
(c) Earth continuity test
Maximum resistance between any point in the earth continuity conductor including
metal conduits and main earthing lead Ohms
(d) Earth electrode resistance
Resistance of each earth electrode
(i) Ohms
(ii) Ohms
(iii) Ohms
(iv) Ohms
(e) Lighting protective system
Resistance of the whole of lightning protective system to earth before any bonding is
effected with earth electrode and metal in/on the structure Ohms.
Signature and name of Signature and Name of the
Junior Engineer (E) / AE (E) Contractor

121
APPENDIX F
EARTHING
[Clause 8.0]
F.1 General
This Appendix indicates details useful in the design of earthing as applicable to the
installations generally encountered in the Department. For complete details, IS 3043:
1987 shall be referred to. This Appendix shall supplement the requirements laid down in
Chapter 8 of these specications.
F.2 Earthing Requirements
F.2.1 Statutory Requirement
(i) All medium voltage equipments shall be earthed by two separate and distinct
connections with earth. In the case of high and extra high voltages, the neutral
points shall be earthed by not less than two separate and distinct connections
with earth, each having its own electrode at the generating station or sub-
station, and may be earthed at any other point, provided no interference is
caused by such earthing. If necessary, the neutral may be earthed through
suitable impedance.
(ii) Necessary protective device shall be provided against earth leakage.
F.2.2 Supply System Requirement
System Earthing is provided to preserve the security of the supply system. This
is done by limiting the potential of live conductors with reference to earth, to such
values as consistent with the level of insulation applied. Earthing the neutral
point of the transformer ensures reasonable potential to earth, including at the
time when the HV supply is impressed on the transformer. Earthing also ensures
efcient operation of protective gear in the case of earth faults. Earthing may not
give protection against faults that are not essentially earth faults. For example, if
a phase conductor on an overhead spur line breaks, and the part remote from the
supply falls to the ground, it is unlikely that any protective gear relying on earthing,
other than current balance protection at the sub-station, will operate, since the
earth fault current circuit includes the impedance of the load that would be high
relative to the rest of the circuit.
F.2.3 Installation Protection Requirement
Equipment Earthing is provided to ensure that the exposed conductive parts in
the installation do not become dangerous by attaining a high touch potential under
conditions of faults. It should also carry the earth fault currents, till clearance by
protective devices, without creating a re hazard.
F.2.4 Special Requirements
F.2.4.1 Static Earthing is provided to prevent building up of static charges,
by connections to earth at appropriate locations. Example, operation
122
theaters in hospitals. (For details, please refer to IS 7689 : 1974 and the
National Electrical Code).
F.2.4.2 Clean Earth may be needed for some of the data processing equipments.
These are to be independent of any other earthing in the building. (For
details, please refer to IS 10422 : 1982 and IS 3043 : 1987).
F.2.4.3 Earthing is essentially required in protection of buildings against
lightning. (For details, please refer to Chapter 9 and Appendix I of these
Specications).
F.3 Types of System Earthing
F.3.1 The various types of system earthing in practice are indicated below, out of
which TN-S and T-TN-S systems are generally applicable to installations in the
Department.
F.3.1.1 TN-S System
Neutral is earthed at source. In addition to the phase and neutral
conductors, an independent protective earth (PE) conductor connected
to the source earth is also run with the supply line. All the exposed
conductive parts of an installation are connected to this PE conductor
via the main earthing terminal of the installation. Independent earth
electrode is also necessary within the consumer premises at the main
earthing terminal.
F.3.1.2 TN-C System
Neutral is earthed at source. No separate PE conductor is run with the
supply line, nor in the internal installations, since neutral and PE are on
a common conductor. All exposed conductive parts of an installation as
well as the neutral line are connected to this PE & N conductor. (A CNE
cable is used for wiring such installations). Additional earth electrode has
to be provided for this conductor locally for 3 phase consumers.
F.3.1.3 TN-C-S System (Also called Protective Multiple Earthing PME system)
Supply is as per TN-C system. The arrangement in the installations is
as per TN-S system, i.e. The PE and N are combined in one conductor
at supply line. This is earthed at source as well as at frequent intervals.
There will be independent protective conductor in the installation.
Consumer also normally provides earth electrode terminating on to main
earth electrode in his installation, and this is in turn linked to the PE & N
conductor from supply line.
All the exposed conductive parts in the installation are connected to the
PE & N conductor, through protective conductors and this main earthing
terminal link.
F.3.1.4 T-TN-S System (for 6, 6.6 or 11 KV bulk supply)
No earth is provided with HV supply line, which is terminated in delta
connected transformer primary. Neutral of the transformer (star
123
connected) secondary is earthed. Independent earth electrodes and
bus are provided for the body earthing. Protective conductors are run
throughout the LT distribution from the same for equipotential bonding.
F.3.1.5 TT System
Neutral is earthed only at source and no PE conductor is given with supply
line. All the exposed conductive parts of the installation are connected to
an earth electrode at consumer end, which is independent of the source
earth, electrically.
F.3.1.6 IT System
The source has either no earth or is earthed through high impedance.
All the exposed conductive parts of the installation are connected to an
earth electrode, which is independent of the source earth, electrically.
F.3.2 Concept of Protection Against Indirect Contact
F.3.2.1 The most commonly and successfully used method of protection against
indirect contact is by Earthed Equipotential bonding and automatic
disconnection of supply details of which are elaborated in IS 732 : 1989
and IS 3043 : 1987. All the exposed conductive parts are connected
through protective (loop earthing) conductors to the main earthing terminal.
All the extraneous conductive parts, which are simultaneously accessible
with the exposed conductive parts, are also bonded to the main earthing
terminal through main bonding conductor so that there is no dangerous
potential between the exposed and the extraneous conductive parts. The
earth fault loop impedance (EFLI) and the characteristics of the tripping
devices are coordinated such that the faulty circuit is automatically
disconnected before there is a persistent touch voltage at the exposed
conductive part over a period of time, causing a shock hazard. If the
disconnecting time is not satisfactory due to large EFLI, supplementary
bonding between the exposed and the extraneous conductive parts is
provided. Alternatively, use of RCDs becomes very relevant in most such
situations. (See Appendix H for information on selection of RCDs). For
more details, IS 3043 : 1987 may be referred to.
Note: Decision regarding the providing of RCD (RCCB) shall be taken
in individual cases keeping in view the type, use, importance, system of
earthing and nature of electrical installations to be protected by the RCD,
requirements of the local Electric Supply Companies etc.
F.3.2.2 Earthing (comprising the electrode, earthing conductor, main earthing
terminal etc.) and protective conductors in an installation are thus vital
components in this system of protection against shock hazards. The
concept is indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 14 & Fig. 15 indicates the
method of ensuring the same, as envisaged in these specications.
F.3.2.3 Rule 61A of I.E. Rules, 1956 calls for protective devices against earth
leakages for certain loads. This should be complied with.
124
F.3.2.4 The following exposed conductive parts are exempted from bonding to
earth:
(i) Overhead line insulator, wall brackets or another metal connected
to them, provided they are out of arms reach.
(ii) Inaccessible steel reinforcement in RCC poles.
(iii) Exposed conductive parts that cannot be gripped or contacted by a
major surface of the human body provided a protective conductor
connection couldnt be readily made, or reliably maintained.
(iv) Fixing screws of non-metallic parts provided there is no risk of them
contacting live parts.
(v) Short lengths of conduits or similar items which are not accessible.
(vi) Metal enclosure for mechanical protection of double insulated
equipments.
F.3.3 Selection of Type of Electrodes
Following are general guidelines for the selection of the type of electrodes.
Type of electrode Application
GI pipe Internal electrical installations like Distribution Board
and Meter Boards (in residential quarters), feeder
pillars and poles etc.
GI plate (i) For Fire ghting pumps and water supply pumps.
(ii) Lightning conductors.
Copper plate Neutral earthing of transformers/ generating sets.
Strip/ Conductor Locations where it is not possible to use other types.
F.3.4 Number of Earth Electrodes
(i) In all cases, relevant provisions of Rules 33, 61 and 67 of the Indian Electricity
Rules, 1956 as amended, shall be complied with.
(ii) Non-current carrying metal parts of all apparatus utilizing power supply at
voltage exceeding 250 volts shall be earthed by two separate and distinct
connections to the earth bus, or to two separate and distinct earthing sets.
(iii) The number of earthing electrodes for sub-stations and generating sets shall
be as under:-
For neutral earthing of each transformer - 2 sets
For body earthing of all the transformers, - 2 sets
HT/LT Panels and other electrical equipments
in the Sub-station/ power house
125
For neutral earthing of each generating set - 2 sets
For body earthing of all the generating sets, - 2 sets
LT panels and other electrical equipments in
the generator room
Where the generator and sub-station equipments are located together in
the same building, the body earthing can be common for all the electrical
equipments in the building.
(iv) Separate earth electrodes shall be provided for lightning arrester/ lightning
conductors.
F.3.5 Size of Protective Conductor
F.3.5.1 The cross section of a protective conductor may be calculated by either
of the following 2 methods, the second one being used for designs in
general, and the rst one for checking purposes.
(i) S
Where, S = Cross sectional area of protective conductor in
sq.mm.
I = Earth fault (Leakage) current in Amp.
t = Total tripping time of the device in sec. (not exceeding
5 sec)
K = Factor dependent on the material of the protective
conductor insulation if any thereon, and initial and
nal temperatures.
U
o
I = where, U
o
= Nominal phase voltage to earth.
Z
s

Z
s
= Earth fault loop impedance, (considering
its 5 seconds value).
Note 1 : Values of Z
s
are available in Tables in IEE Wiring
Regulations, U, K, dependent on tripping devices.
Alternatively, this can be calculated.
Note 2 : Values of K for different materials are given in IS 3043 for
various parameters.
(ii) The minimum cross section of a protective condutor shall be as per
the following:
Size of phase Size of protective conductor of the same
conductor material as phase conductor
S upto 16 sq.mm. S sq.mm.
S = 16 to 35 sq.mm. 16 sq.mm.
S > 35 sq.mm S/2 sq.mm.
I
2
t
K
126
Note: If the material of the protective conductor is different from that of
the phase conductor, the size as per the above should be multiplied by
K1/K2 where K1 is the K factor for phase conductor material, and K2
is K factor for the protective conductor material. As a rough guide, the
following values can be taken.
K1/K2 for
Copper
= 1.20 to 1.24
Aluminium (Insulated)
Copper
= 2.17 to 2.25
Steel wire (Insulated)
Copper
= 2.31 to 2.45
Steel (Conduits/Trunking)
F.3.5.2 The minimum acceptable size of a protective conductor shall be 2.5
sq.mm. if protected mechanically, and 4 sq.mm. if otherwise.
F.3.6 Size of Earthing Conductor
F.3.6.1 The earthing conductors shall comply with the provisions of clause F.3.5
above, except that the minimum cross sectional area shall be 16 sq.mm.
(Copper or steel) when protected against corrosion, and 25 sq.mm.
copper, or 50 sq.mm. steel when not protected against corrosion.
F.3.6.2 For determining the size of earthing conductor for sub-stations and
generating sets, IS 3043 : 1987 may be referred to.
F.3.7 Size of Bonding Conductor
The main bonding conductor should be half the size of the earthing conductor,
subject to a minimum of 6 sq.mm. and maximum of 25 sq.mm. copper, or equivalent
sizes for other materials. This is applicable for TN-S and TN-C-S system only.
F.3.8 Details for Contract Purposes
While this Appendix provides information on design considerations, the sizes of the
conductors, types of electrodes etc. shall be as laid down in the tender documents
of individual works, and as directed by the Engineer-in-charge.

127
APPENDIX G
GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION AND APPLICATION
OF RCCBs (RCDs)
[Clause 8.7 & F.3.2.1]
G.0 General
G.0.1 IS 732 : 1989 recognizes two forms of shock hazard, Indirect contact and Direct
contact. The objective is to achieve safety to personnel and property through the
best possible means in the most economic manner.
G.0.2 The most commonly used protective measure against indirect contact is termed
main equi-potential bonding and automatic disconnection of supply. Irrespective
of the type of protective device used, the aim is to prevent dangerous touch
voltages persisting on accessible conductive parts which become live under
earth fault conditions. Use of RCCBs is only one of the means that would provide
automatic disconnection of supply in the event of shock hazard. The use of RCCB
is not considered, as a sole means of protection and it does not obviate the need
to apply other protective measures. Some broad guidelines are provided in this
Appendix on these issues.
G.1 Residual Current Operated Circuit Breaker (RCCB)
G.1.1 In general, every circuit is provided with a means of over current protection. If the
earth fault loop impedance is low enough to cause these devices to operate within
the specied times, such devices can be relied upon to give the requisite automatic
disconnection of supply. Where the earth fault loop impedance is too large, efforts
are required to make it low enough. Guidelines are available in IS 3043 : 1987.
When protection against indirect contact is decided to be provided by RCCB,
IS 732 : 1989 prescribes that the product of its rated residual current (rated tripping
current) in amperes and the earth loop impedance in ohms should not exceed the
value 50.
G.1.2 Fault voltage operated circuit breakers voltage operated ELCB are not preferred
devices against shock protection. This Appendix covers only truly current-operated
devices. These are of different types. The following are the two main types:
(a) Residual current devices not dependent on line voltage, and
(b) Residual current devices dependent on line voltage.
G.2 Choice of RCCBs
G.2.0 Where RCCBs are required to be used for affording shock protection; there are
several broad parameters that are required to be carefully chosen. These are
described in the following clauses.
G.2.1 Location
RCCB can be used as a protective measure to the entire installation, or part, or
to an item of equipment. This is determined by the security of supply desired in
128
certain parts of the same installation when RCCB operates. Where only one RCCB
is being employed to protect the entire installation, it is necessary that it is located
at the main distribution board, at the origin of the installation.
G.2.2 Type of RCCB
RCCBs are suitable in general for various applications. However, devices suitable
for household applications are to be veried for additional requirements as given
in this Appendix. RCCB that has its automatic opening intentionally delayed may
be preferred under certain circumstances. Portable RCCBs may be necessary
especially in situations where portable/mobile equipment pose a shock hazard
against which other suitable means of protection are not available. Portable RCCBs
are required to be tested (using the test button) each time they are used.
G.2.3 Rated Current
The IS restricts the rated current of the device to an order of magnitude of
125 A. Use of RCCB in circuits of higher rated currents is not envisaged for the
time being.
G.2.4 Rated Tripping Current
(i) The preferred rated currents of RCCBs are 10, 30, 100 and 300 mA. RCCBs
having minimum operating currents of 30 mA are intended to give protection
against indirect contact. RCCB having minimum operating currents of
30 mA and below are generally referred to as having high sensitivity and can
give protection against direct contact in case of failure of other protective
measures. It is essential that an RCCB is not used as a sole means for
protection against direct contact.
(ii) It is emphasized that the value of leakage current that can ow before the
RCCB has operated can be higher than the rated tripping current, the actual
value being determined by the impedance of the circuit on which the fault
occurs. The rated tripping current is a value assigned by the manufacturer
at which the RCCB opens under specied conditions. While the speed of
operation will not be signicantly affected by the value of leakage current,
RCCB can open at any value between 50 to 100 percent of the rated tripping
current.
(iii) The RCCB should be so chosen as to have the lowest suitable tripping
current. Lower the tripping current, the greater is the degree of protection
afforded. Nevertheless, it would introduce the possibility of nuisance tripping
and may also become unnecessarily expensive. The minimum operating
current will, therefore, have to be above any standing leakage that may be
unavoidable in the installation.
G.2.4.1 Discrimination
When more than one RCCB is required to be used by grading the
sensitivities, it is possible to achieve discrimination amongst RCCB in
the same circuit. Discrimination may also be achieved by selectively
employing devices having their tripping times intentionally delayed.
129
G.2.4.2 Type of System Earthing
The choice of right sensitivity of RCCB would also be determined by the
type of earthing system adopted in the installation. The vectoral sum of
leakage currents of equipment supplied by an installation or part of an
installation by an RCCB shall be less than one half of the rated residual
operating current of the device and it may be necessary to sub-divide
the earthing arrangement for this reason. Reference is also invited to
IS 3043 : 1987 Code of practice for earthing, which gives guidelines on
the use of RCCB for different types of system earthing.
G.2.5 Breaking Capacity
(i) When using RCCBs, it is necessary to assess the prospective current value
in the location where it is likely to be installed and ensure that where higher
withstanding or breaking capacities are desirable, suitable back-up protection
is available in the system. This could be by means of a fuse or another circuit
breaker (MCB), which is in series with the RCCB. The over current/ short
circuit protective device is then said to provide back-up protection for the
RCCB. Alternately, RCCBs with integral over current/short circuit protection
could be employed.
(ii) In practice, the functions of RCCB and that of the over current/ short circuit
protective device in series may tend to overlap and under certain conditions
both may attempt to clear the fault. This may occur, for example, when a
severe earth fault produces a current of similar magnitude to that under short
circuit conditions, or when an earth fault and short circuit occur simultaneously.
Another possible cause is the inherent out of balance in the primary windings
of the balance transformer causing the RCCB to trip. Care is, therefore,
necessary to be exercised in ensuring that RCCB is coordinated with over
current devices.
G.2.6 Neutral Grounding or Failure
Use of RCCBs assumes adequate care in wiring and earthing design. Use of
RCCB is not a sole means of affording shock protection. Attention should be given
to bonding and choosing the right cross-sectional area of the conductors, specially
the protective conductor. Different types of RCCBs in different circuits may react
differently to the presence of a neutral to earth fault on the load side. Such a fault
together with the earthing of the supply at the neutral point will constitute a shunt
across the neutral winding on the RCCB transformer. Consequently a part of the
neutral load current will be shunted away and this may result in the device tripping.
On the other hand, the shunting may result in reduced sensitivity and prevent its
tripping in general. Therefore, care should be taken to avoid neutral to ground
fault when RCCBs are in use. In the event of the neutral failure on the supply side,
the RCCB should either open automatically, or is of such a design that it remains
functional.
G.3 Guidelines for Specic Occupancies or Locations
G.3.1 Household and Similar Installations
The rated tripping current of RCCBs for use in household and similar installation
shall not exceed 30 mA. Use of devices with intentional time delay is not
recommended.
130
G.3.2 Locations containing Bath Tub/Shower Basin and Swimming Pools
Where socket outlets and other appliances are to be protected by RCCB, the rated
tripping current shall not exceed 30 mA.
G.3.3 Where individual socket outlets are required to be protected by RCCB, the rated
tripping current shall not exceed 30 mA.
G.3.4 Industrial Installations
For industrial installations, use of RCCB would be dependent upon already available
devices capable of offering protection against harmful earth leakages. For example,
use of a separate RCCB may not be necessary for installations equipped with
protective devices with inbuilt releases initiating trip signals due to harmful earth
leakages. Similarly, individual or group of motors otherwise adequately protected
need not be provided additional protection through RCCBs.
G.3.5 Data Processing Installations/ Industrial Control/ Telecommunication
Equipment
Radio frequency interference suppression lters tted to these equipments may
produce high earth leakages. Failure of the protective earth connection may cause
a dangerous touch voltage. Use of RCCBs under such circumstances should be
carefully considered owing to their frequent tripping, besides capacitor charging
currents at switching on shall have to be considered. Under such circumstances,
where leakages exceed 10 mA, one of the three measures given below may be
necessary:
(a) Use of high integrity protective earth circuits by robust or duplicate conductors,
(b) Earth continuity monitoring, or provision for automatic disconnection when
earth continuity fails, or
(c) Use of double wound transformers to enable localization of path of leakage
and minimize the possibility of breakages.
G.3.6 The presence of generating sets within an installation may change the conditions
of application of RCCB. The contribution to the prospective short circuit current by
the generating set should be taken into account.
G.3.7 Medical Establishment and Electrical Installations in Hazardous Locations
The use of RCCB and their selection in such installations has to be carefully
considered. Reference is invited to SP 30:1985, National Electrical Code.
131
APPENDIX H
PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTION OF BUILDING
AGAINST LIGHTNING
[Clause 9.0]
H.1 This Appendix shall supplement the requirements in Chapter 9 of these specications.
H.2 Introduction
H.2.1 Protection of special structures, such as those exceeding 30 m in height, structures
with roofs of high inammability, buildings with explosive or highly inammable
contents, fences, trees and structures near trees, structures supporting overhead
electricity supply, telephone and other lines, structures with radio and television
aerials, tents, metal scaffolding and similar structures, tall metal masts, tower
cranes and revolving and travelling structures, farm buildings in areas of high
lightning incidence, sports stadium, raised motorways, bridges, dwelling houses,
etc. shall be strictly done in accordance with IS 2309 : 1989. These are not covered
in these specications.
H.2.2 These specications are conned only to all other structures, and which have
no inherent explosive risks. The need for protection in such structures may be
self-evident, for example:
(a) Where large numbers of people congregate,
(b) Where essential public services are concerned,
(c) Where much lightning strokes are prevalent,
(d) Where there are very tall or isolated structures,
(e) Where there are structures of historic or cultural importance, etc.
However, there can be cases for which a decision is not so easy to make. Various
factors affecting the risk of being struck, and the consequential effects of a lightning
stroke in these cases are discussed below.
H.3 Need for Protection
H.3.1 Estimation of Exposure Risk
(i) The probability of a structure, or a building being struck by lightning in one
year is the product of the lightning ash density, and the effective collection
area of the structure.
(ii) The lightning ash density, N
g
, is the number of ashes to ground per sq.km.
per year. The annual thunderstorm days for certain selected cities are given
in Appendix I. These are to be translated in terms of estimated average
annual density N
g
. The table below indicates the relationship between the
thunderstorm days per year and lightning ashes per square kilometer per
year.
132
Thunderstorm Lightning ashes per sq.km. per year.
Days/year
Mean Limits
5 0.2 0.10 0.5
10 0.5 0.15 1
20 1.1 0.30 3
30 1.9 0.60 5
40 2.8 0.80 8
50 3.7 1.20 10
60 4.7 1.80 12
80 6.9 3.00 17
100 9.2 4.00 20
(iii) The effective collection area of a structure is the area on the plan of the
structure extended in all directions to take account of its height. The edge
of the effective collection area is displaced from the edge of the structure
by an amount equal to the height of the structure at that point. Hence, for a
simple rectangular building of length L, width W, and height H meters, the
collection area has length (L + 2H) meters, and width (W+2H) meters, with
four rounded corners formed by quarter circles of radius, H meters.
This gives a collection area, A
c
(in sq.m) of:
A
c
= (L x W) + 2 (L x H) + 2 (W x H) + (22/7) x H
2
(1)
(iv) The probable number of strikes (risk) to the structure per year is:
P = Ac x N
g
x 10
6
(2)
(v) It must rst be decided whether this risk P is acceptable, or, whether some
measure of protection is necessary.
H.3.2 Suggested Acceptable Risk
The acceptable risk gure has been taken as 10
-5
, i.e. 1 in 100,000 per year.
H.3.3 Overall Assessment of Risk
The weighting factors for evaluating the overall assessment of risk are given in
Tables 1A to 1E in Appendix J. It must be seen whether the value of P [see (2) under
H.3.1 (iv)] multiplied by the appropriate weighting factors exceeds the acceptable
risk of P = 10
-5
per year.
133
H.3.4 Weighting Factor
In Tables 1A to 1E in Appendix J, the weighting factor values are given, denoting
a relative degree of importance or risk in each case. The tables are mostly
self-explanatory. The term consequential effect in Table 1C is intended to cover not
only material risks to goods and property, but also such aspects as the disruption of
essential services of all kinds, particularly in hospitals, where if a lightning strikes,
re or panic can naturally result.
H.3.5 Interpretation of Overall Risk Factor
The risk factor given herein is to be taken as giving guidance on what might, in some
cases, be a difcult problem. If the result obtained is considerably less than 10
-5
(1 in 100,000), then in the absence of other overriding considerations, protection
does not appear necessary. If the result is greater than 10
-5
, say for example 10
-4

(1 in 10,000) then sound reasons would be needed to support a decision not to
give protection.
H.3.6 Anomalies
(i) Structures are so varied that any method of assessment may lead to
anomalies, and those who have to decide on protection must exercise
judgement. For example, a steel-framed building may be found to have a
low risk factor but, as the addition of an air termination and earthing system
will greatly improve protection, the cost of providing this may be considered
worth-while.
(ii) A low risk factor may result for chimneys made of brick or concrete. However
where chimneys are free standing, or where they project more than 4.5
m above the adjoining structure, they will require protection regardless
of the factor. Such chimneys are, therefore, not covered by the method
of assessment. Similarly, structures containing explosives or ammable
substance are also not covered.
H.3.7 Sample Calculation of Need for Protection
A sample calculation for a hospital building is given in Appendix K for guidance.
H.4 Principle of Protection
(i) The principle for protection of buildings against lightning is to provide a conducting
path between earth and the atmosphere above the building through which the
lightning discharge may enter the earth without causing damage to the building.
If adequately earthed metal parts of proper proportions are provided and spread
properly on and around the building, damage can be largely prevented.
(ii) The required conditions of protection are generally met by placing all the air
terminals, whether in the form of vertical nials or horizontal conductors, on
the upper most part of the building or its projections, with lightning conductors
connecting the air terminals with each other and to the earth.
H.5 Zone of Protection
H.5.1 General
The zone of protection is the volume within which a lightning conductor gives
protection against a direct lightning stroke by directing the stroke to itself. For a
vertical conductor rising from ground level, the zone is described as a cone with
134
its apex at the tip of the conductor and its base on the ground. For a horizontal
conductor, the zone is dened as the volume generated by a cone with its apex on
the horizontal conductor from end to end.
H.5.2 Protective Angle
(i) This cannot be precisely stated, since it depends upon the severity of the
stroke and the presence within the protective zone of conducting objects
providing independent paths to the earth. All that can be stated is that the
protection afforded by a lightning conductor increases as the assumed
protective angle decreases.
(ii) (a) However, for the practical purpose of providing an acceptable degree
of protection for an ordinary structure, the protective angle of any
single component part of an air termination network, namely, either one
vertical, or one horizontal conductor is considered to be 45 degrees.
(b) Between three or more vertical conductors, spaced at a distance not
exceeding twice their height, the equivalent protective angle may, as an
exception, be taken as 60 degrees to the vertical.
(iii) Protective angles of zones of protection for some forms of air termination are
illustrated in IS 2309 : 1989.
H.5.3 Structures of Exceptional Vulnerability
For structures of exceptional vulnerability by reason of explosive or highly
inammable contents, every possible protection may need to be provided, even
against the rare occurrence of a lightning discharge striking within the protected
zone. For this reason, a reduced zone of protection and other special measures
should be taken as detailed in IS 2309 : 1989.
H.6 Components
H.6.1 Air Terminations
(i) Air termination networks may consist of vertical or horizontal conductors, or
combinations of both.
(ii) For the purpose of lightning protection, the vertical and horizontal conductors
are considered equivalent and the use of pointed air terminations, or vertical
nial is, therefore, not regarded as essential.
H.6.2 Down Conductors
(i) General
The function of a down conductor is to provide a low impedance path from the
air termination to the earth electrode so that lightning current can be safely
conducted to the earth. In practice, depending upon the form of a building, it
is often necessary to have many down conductors in parallel, some or all of
which may be a part of the building structure itself.
135
(ii) Recommended Number
The position and spacing of down conductors on large structures are often
governed by architectural convenience. However, recommendations for their
number are given below:
(i) A structure having a base area not exceeding 100 sq.m. need have
only one down conductor, except when built on a bare rock, or where
access for testing is difcult.
(ii) For a structure having a base area exceeding 100 sq.m. the number of
down conductors should be at least the smaller of the following:
(a) One plus an additional one for each 300 sq.m., or a part thereof,
in excess of the rst 100 sq.m.
(b) One for each 30 m of the perimeter of the structure protected.
(iii) Tall structures presenting inspection difculties
For tall structures, where testing and inspection could be difcult, at
least two down conductors will be required for such tests.
H.7 Illustrations
The IS 2309 : 1989 shows several arrangements for air terminations, down conductors,
voltage gradient along ground surface near to masts, towers, columns and single down
conductors, re-entrant loops, typical joints, earth termination, bonding to building services,
xing of lightning conductors, test points, typical forms of vertical air terminations, etc.
which may be referred to.
136
APPENDIX I
AVERAGE NUMBER OF THUNDERSTORM DAYS IN THE YEAR
[Clause H.3.1(ii)]
1. Chloht 7
2. Skarou 5
3. Gulmarg 53
4. Srinagar 54
5. Dras 3
6. Kargil 2
7. Leh 3
8. Jammu 2
9. Dharamsala 13
10. Amritsar 49
11. Pathankot 4
12. Mahoi 46
13. Ludhiana 12
14. Shimla 40
15. Patiala 26
16. Ambala 9
17. Hissar 27
18. Delhi 30
19. Bikaner 10
20. Phalodi 14
21. Sikar 17
22. Barmer 12
23. Jodhpur 23
24. Ajmer 26
25. Jaipur 39
26. Kankroli 36
27. Mount Abu 4
28. Udaipur 34
Sl. Name of Place Annual
No. Thunerstorm
Days
No. Thunerstorm
Days
29. Neemuch 23
30. Kota 27
31. Jhalawar 40
32. Mussorie 61
33. Roorkee 76
34. Moradabad 36
35. Mukteshwar 53
36. Meerut
37. Bareilly 34
38. Aligarh 30
39. Agra 24
40. Mainpuri 23
41. Bharaich 31
42. Gonda 22
43. Lucknow 10
44. Kanpur 26
45. Fetehpur 24
46. Jhansi 20
47. Allahabad 51
48. Varanasi 51
49. Azamgarh 1
50. Gorakhpur 11
51. Kathmandu 74
52. Motihari 38
53. Darbhanga 10
54. Patna 33
55. Gaya 38
56. Daltonganj 73
137
No. Thunerstorm
Days
No. Thunerstorm
Days
57. Hazari Bagh 73
58. Ranchi 34
59. Chaibassa 74
60. Jamshedpur 66
61. Purnea 52
62. Sabour 76
63. Dumka 63
64. Darjeeling 20
65. Jalpaiguri 68
66. Malda 50
67. Asansol 71
68. Burdwan 33
69. Kharagpur 76
70. Kolkata 70
71. Sagar Island 41
72. Dhubri 8
73. Tezpur 27
74. Dibrugarh 70
75. Sibsagar 103
76. Shillong 75
77. Cheerapunji 49
78. Silchar 33
79. Kohnia 34
80. Imphal 49
81. Deesa 7
82. Dwarka 5
83. Jamnagar 6
84. Rajkot 12
85. Ahmedabad 11
86. Dohad 17
87. Porbandar 3
88. Verawal 3
89. Bhavnagar 1
90. Vadodara 8
91. Surat 4
92. Gwalior 53
93. Guna 33
94. Nowgong 59
95. Satna 41
96. Sagar 36
97. Bhopal 44
98. Jabalpur 50
99. Umaria 37
100. Ambikapur 29
101. Indore 34
102. Hoshangabad 37
103. Panchmarhi 30
104. Seoni 51
105. Penda Dam 56
106. Raipur 34
107. Chindara 27
108. Kanker 37
109. Jagdalpur 38
110. Balasore 81
111. Chandbali 75
112. Angul 81
113. Bhubaneshwar 46
114. Puri 33
115. Gopalpur 34
116. Sambalpur 67
117. Jharsuguda 85
118. Titlagarh 24
119. Rajgangpur 1
120. Damamu 4
121. Nasik 17
122. Malegaon 13
123. Akola 20
124. Khraoti 32
138
No. Thunerstorm
Days
No. Thunerstorm
Days
125. Nagpur 45
126. Gonda 10
127. Aurangabad 36
128. Mumbai 18
129. Alibag 12
130. Ahmednagar 10
131. Parbhani 32
132. Pune 22
133. Mahabaleshwar 14
134. Ratnagiri 6
135. Sholapur 23
136. Miraj 25
137. Vengurla 39
138. Nizamabad 36
139. Hanamkonda 43
140. Hyderabad 28
141. Khamma 26
142. Kalingapatnam 26
143. Vishakapatnam 20
144. Rentichintala 47
145. Machhilipatnam 20
146. Ongole 25
147. Kurnool 29
148 Anantapur 27
149. Nellore 18
150. Bidar 16
151. Gulbarga 34
152. Bijapur 9
153. Belgaum 31
154. Raichur 17
155. Gadag 21
156. Bellari 22
157. Karwar 27
158. Honawar 5
159. Chikalthana 24
160. Mangalore 36
161. Hassan 76
162 Bangalore 45
163. Mysore 44
164. Hozhmoode 39
165. Palghat 35
166. Cochin 63
167 Alleppy 57
168. Trivandrum 48
169. Vellore 25
170. Madras 47
171. Ootacamund 24
172. Salem 65
173. Cuddalore 37
174. Coimbatore 40
175. Tiruchirapalli 41
176. Nagapattinam 15
177. Kodaikanal 82
178. Madurai 39
179. Pamban 5
180. Tuticorin 14
181. Kanyakumari 60
182. Port Blair 62
183. Car Nicobar I 10
184. Minicoy 20
139
APPENDIX J
WEIGHTING FACTORS FOR OVERALL ASSESSMENT OF
RISK FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTIVE SYSTEM
[Clause H.3.4]
Table 1A
Weighting Factor A (Use of Structure)
Use to which structure is put Value of A
Houses and other buildings of comparable size 0.3
Houses and other buildings of comparable size with outside aerial 0.7
Factories, workshops, and laboratories 1.0
Ofce Blocks, hotels, blocks of ats and other residential buildings other
than those included below 1.2
Places of assembly, for example, churches, halls, theaters, museums,
exhibitions, departmental stores, post ofces, stations, airports, and
stadium structures. 1.3
Schools, hospitals, childrens and other homes 1.7
Type of construction Value of B
Steel framed encased with any roof other than metal* 0.2
Reinforced concrete with any roof other than metal 0.4
Steel framed encased or reinforced concrete with metal roof. 0.8
Brick, plain concrete or masonry with any roof other than metal or thatch 1.0
Timber framed or clad with any roof other than metal or thatch 1.4
Brick, plain concrete, masonry, timber framed but with metal roong 1.7
Any building with a thatched roof 2.0
Table 1B
Weighting Factor B (Type of Construction)
* A structure of exposed metal, which is continuous down to ground level, is excluded from
these tables, as it requires no lightning protection beyond adequate earthing arrangement.
140
Contents or Consequential Effects Value of C
Ordinary domestic or ofce buildings, factories and workshops not containing
valuable or specially susceptible contents 0.3
Industrial and agricultural buildings with specially susceptible* contents 0.8
Power stations, gas works, telephone exchange, radio stations 1.0
Industrial key plants, ancient monuments and historic buildings, museums, art
galleries or other buildings with specially valuable contents 1.3
Schools, hospitals, childrens and other places of assembly 1.7
Degree of Isolation Value of D
Structure located in a large area of structures or trees of the same or greater
height, for example, in a large town or forest 0.4
Structure located in an area with few other structures or trees of similar height 1.0
Structure completely isolated or exceeding at least twice the height of
surrounding structures or trees. 2.0
Type of Country Value of E
Flat country at any level 0.3
Hill country 1.0
Mountain country between 300 m and 900 m 1.3
Mountain country above 900 m 1.7
Table 1C
Weighting Factor C (Contents or Consequential Effects)
Table 1D
Weighting Factor D (Degree of Isolation)
Table 1E
Weighting Factor E (Type of Country)
* This means specially valuable plant or materials vulnerable to re or the results of re.
141
APPENDIX K
SAMPLE CALCULATION OF NEED FOR PROTECTION
WITH A LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
[Clause H.3.7]
A hospital building is 10 m high and covers an area of 70 m x 12 m. The hospital is located in at
country and is isolated from other structures. The construction is of brick and concrete with a non-
metallic roof. Is lightning protection needed?
(a) Flashes/sq.km/year Let us say, for the protection of the hospital a value for N
g
is 0.7.
(b) Collection area Using equation (1) in H.3.1 (iii)
A
c
= (70 x 12) + 2 (70 x 10) + 2 (12 x 10) + (22/7 x 100)
= 840 + 1400 + 240 + 314
= 2794 sq.m.
(c) Probability of being struck Using equation (2) in H.3.1 (iv) :
P = A
c
x N
g
x 10
-6
times per year
= 2794 x 0.7 x 10
-6
= 2.0 x 10
-3
approximately.
(d) Applying the weighting factors
A = 1.7
B = 0.8
C = 1.7
D = 2.0
E = 0.3
The overall multiplying factor = A x B x C x D x E
= 1.7
Therefore, the overall risk factor = 2.0 x 1.7 x 10
-3
= 3.4 x 10
-3
Conclusion: Protection is necessary.
142
TABLE 1
Chart showing the Distance upto which Different Sizes of UG Aluminium
Conductor Cables can be used for Different Peak Load Current Ratings for
8 Volts Drop when Laid in Ground (PVC Insulated, PVC Sheathed, 3 core
or 4 core) when Cable Grading is 1.1 KV
(Maximum Conductor Temperature - 70 deg C)
S.No. Current Distance in mtrs for the following cable sizes in sqmm
Amp 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185 240 300
1 5 165 260 415 725 895 1300 1925 2360 3065 3555 4300 5770 6460
2 10 80 130 205 360 450 650 960 1180 1530 1775 2150 2885 3230
3 15 55 85 140 240 300 430 640 785 1020 1185 1430 1920 2155
4 20 40 65 100 180 225 325 480 590 765 890 1075 1440 1615
5 25 30 50 80 145 180 260 385 470 610 710 860 1150 1290
6 30 25 40 70 120 150 215 320 390 570 590 715 960 1075
7 40 20 30 50 90 110 160 240 295 380 445 535 720 805
8 50 25 40 70 90 130 190 235 305 355 430 575 645
9 60 35 60 75 110 160 195 255 295 355 480 535
10 70 30 50 65 90 135 165 215 255 305 410 460
11 80 45 55 80 120 145 190 220 265 360 405
12 90 40 50 70 105 130 170 195 235 320 360
13 100 35 45 65 95 115 150 175 215 290 320
14 110 40 60 85 105 140 160 195 260 290
15 120 35 55 80 95 125 145 180 240 270
16 130 50 75 90 115 135 165 220 250
17 140 45 70 80 110 125 150 205 230
18 150 65 75 100 115 140 190 215
19 160 60 70 95 110 130 180 200
20 170 55 70 90 105 125 170 190
21 180 50 65 85 100 120 160 180
22 190 60 80 90 110 150 170
23 200 60 75 90 105 145 160
24 225 65 80 95 125 145
25 250 70 85 115 130
26 275 80 105 115
27 300 70 95 105
Note 1 : PVC Insulated electrical cable for voltage grade upto 1.1 KV is based on 8 volts drop.
1 This table is based on current and resistance as given in M/s lncabs table for cables (April 1964. Table
No.17 and 33)
2 The distances are given in meters and after rounding.
3 The condition of installation of cable is ground temp.15 degree C.
Note 2 : For Temperature Correction please see as detailed below:
1 When the voltage drop and length is constant then to nd the size of cable for following current ratings of
the chart to obtain the calculated load current by the following factors and then see the size according to
that ratings which was multiplied by the temperature factor.
Ground Temp: 20 Degree C 25 Degree C 30 Degree C 35 Degree C
Rating Factors: 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8
143
TABLE 2
Current Rating (in Ground) for XLPE Insulated 1.1 KV Grade Cables
Nominal
Area of the
Conductor
Aluminium Conductor Copper Conductor
Single Core Single Core Multi Core Multi Core Unity
mm
2
PVC XLPE PVC XLPE PVC XLPE PVC XLPE
10 51 55 46 50 65 71 60 65
16 66 74 60 68 85 95 77 87
25 86 98 76 90 110 125 99 115
35 100 118 92 108 130 150 120 138
50 120 137 110 126 155 175 145 161
70 140 172 135 158 190 220 175 202
95 175 204 165 187 220 260 210 239
120 195 234 185 215 250 301 240 276
150 220 262 210 240 280 336 270 308
185 240 298 235 273 305 381 300 350
240 270 344 275 316 345 441 345 405
300 295 387 305 355 375 496 385 455
400 325 458 335 420 400 586 425 538
500 345 495 - - 425 635 - -
630 390 555 - - 470 710 - -
800 440 625 - - - - -
1000 490 685 - - - - - -
RATING FACTORS FOR VARIATION IN AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE
Air Temperature (
O
C) 40 45 50
Rating Factor (XLPE) 1.00 0.94 0.88
Rating Factor (PVC) 1.00 0.90 0.81
144
TABLE 3
Permissible Maximum Short Circuit Current Ratings for XLPE Cables
Conductor Area Short Circuit Ratings for One Second Duration
Copper Conductors Aluminium Conductors
Sq.mm. A B
16 2570 1730
25 3970 2670
35 5500 3690
50 7800 5220
70 10850 7400
95 14600 9740
120 18400 12200
150 23000 15200
185 28200 18700
240 36400 24200
300 45300 30100
400 60200 39900
500 74800 49800
630 92700 62000
800 78800
1000 97800
Initial Conductor Temperature 90 Deg. C
Final Conductor Temperature 250 Deg. C
For durations other than one second the short circuit current may be calculated from the following
formula:
Where I
sc
Short circuit current during time t, amperes.
I Short circuit current during the time one second as given in above table.
t Short circuit current duration, seconds.
Note : For large currents the force between the conductors must be considered especially when
single core cable are used.
I
sc
=
I
t
145
TABLE 4
Tripping Characteristics of MCBs
Based on the tripping characteristics, MCBs are available in B and C curve to suit different types
of applications.
B Curve: For protection of electric circuits with equipment that does not cause surge current
(lighting and socket outlet circuits)
Short circuit release is set to 3 - 5 I
n
C Curve: For protection of electric circuits with equipment that cause surge current (inductive
and motor circuits)
n
D Curve: For protection of electric circuits which cause high in rush current when they are
switched ON, typically 15 times the normal running current (Transformers, Heavy Start Motors,
2 Pole Motors)
n
146
TABLE 5
Duty Category of Switches
Utilization Category Typical Applications
AC20/DC20 Connecting and disconnecting under no-load.
Assumes all switching operations are carried out by other
applicable devices before this device is operated.
AC21/DC21 Switching of resistive loads including moderate overloads.
Suitable for purely resistive type loads.
Device can switch 150% of its rated current under fault conditions.
AC22/DC22 Switching of mixed resistive/ inductive loads, including moderate
overloads
Suitable for mixed resistive/inductive loads. Device can switch
300% of its rated current under fault conditions.
AC23/DC23 Switching of highly inductive loads.
Devices complying with AC23/DC23 are provided mainly as
backup to other means of switching. Eg. Contacts. In the event
of failure of functional devices, an AC23/DC23 type device can
safely interrupt a stalled motor current. Where devices are the
only means of controlling individual motors, they should comply
with the requirements of Appendix A of the standard.
147
TABLE 6
Class of Insulation (For Electric Motors)
Type Max. Operating Temp. Materials Used
Y 90C Cotton, silk, paper, and similar organic material
and combination of such material which are not
(impregnated) nor immersed in oil.
A 105
0
C Above materials impregnated with Varnish or enamel
or oil immersed.
E 120C Comprise inorganic materials such as mica, glass
B 130C
bre asbestos or combination of these materials in built
up form with binding cement.
F 155C Class B materials when built up with suitable cement
or binder.
H 180C Consists of materials or combination of materials such
as mica, glass bre Silicon lastomer with suitable
winding, impregnating or coating substances as silicon
resins.
C Above 180C Materials such as mica Porcelain, glass quartz and
asbestos with or without an inorganic binder.
148
TABLE 7
Fire Protection
Class of Fire
Class A : Fires involving Paper, Wood, Textile, Packing materials and the like.
Class B : Fires involving Oil, Petrol, Solvent, Grease, Paints, Celluloid and the like.
Class C : Fires involving Electrical Hazards, Motor Vehicle Gaseous substance under
pressure.
Class D : Fires involving Chemicals, Metal and active like.
Class E : Fires involving Electrical equipment, Delicate machinery and the like.
Mode of Fire Protection
1. Sand/ Water buckets 7. Fire Dampers in AC Ducts
2. Dry/ Wet Hydrant risers 8. Fire Doors with fusible link
3. Heat/ Smoke Detectors 9. Pressurization Plant
4. Automatic/ Manual Fire Alaram 10. Public Address System
5. Sprinklers 11. Fire Escapes/ External Stairs
6. Lightning Conductors
Coverage (Floor) Area
1. Water/ Sand Bucket 100 sq.mt. 4. Sprinklers 6 sq.mt.
2. Extinguishers (9 lts) 600 sq.mt. 5. Heat Detectors 16 sq.mt.
3. Hydrant Riser (Outlet 6. Smoke Detectors 50 sq.mt.
100 mm dia 100 sq.mt. (For a ceiling height of
with landing valve and 3 mts. and clean environment)
rst aid hose reel) 930 sq.mt.
Choice of Extinguishers
Type of Extinguishers Suitable for Class of Fire
1. Soda Acid Type Class - A
2. Foam Type Class - B
3. Dry Chemical Powder Type Class - B, C, D & E
4. Carbon-di-oxide Type Class - B, C & E
5. Water Carbon-di-oxide Type Class - A
6. Carbo-Tetra-Chloride Type Class - C
Water Requirement for the Fire Fighting
Q = 3000 P Q = Fire demand in Liters/Minutes
P = Population in Thousands
Note: The above rate must be maintained at a minimum pressure of 1 to 1.5 kg / cm
2
for at least
four hours.
149
TABLE 8
Degrees of Protection
Degrees of Protection to DIN 40 050 and to IEC 144
The degree of protection is specied in
accordance with DIN 40 050 and with
Publications of the International Electro-
technical Commission (IEC) by means of the
letters IP (International Protection) and two
characteristic numerals.
First characteristic numeral
Degree of protection against contact with live
parts and the ingress of foreign bodies
The rst numeral indicates the degree of
protection against contact with live parts and
the ingress of foreign bodies; the second
numeral indicates the degree of protection
against water.
Second characteristic numeral
Degree of protection against water
First
Chara-
cteristic
Numeral
Second
Chara-
cteristic
Numeral
Degree of Protection Degree of Protection
0 No protection of persons against
contact with live or moving parts
inside the enclosure.
No protection of equipment against
ingress of solid foreign bodies.
1 Protection against accidental or
inadvertent contact with live or
moving parts inside the enclosure
body large surface of the human
body as, for example, a hand, but no
protection against deliberate access
to such parts.
Protection against ingress of large
solid foreign bodies of diameters
greater than 50 mm.
2 Protection against contact with live
or moving parts inside the enclosure
by ngers.
Protection against ingress of medium
size solid foreign bodies of diameters
greater than 12 mm.
0 No protection
1 Protection against drops of
condensate.
Drops of condensate falling vertically
on the enclosure shall have no
harmful effect
2 Protection against drops of other
liquids.
Drops of falling liquid shall have no
harmful effect when the enclosure is
tilted at any angle up to 15
o
from the
vertical.
150
First
Chara-
cteristic
Numeral
Second
Chara-
cteristic
Numeral
by tools, wires or such objects of
thickness greater than 2.5 mm.
Protection against ingress of small
greater than 2.5 mm.
by tools, wires or such objects of
thickness greater than 1 mm.
Protection against ingress of small
greater than 1 mm.
5 Complete protection against contact
with live or moving parts inside the
enclosure.
Protection against harmful deposits
of dust. The ingress of dust is not
totally prevented, but dust cannot
enter in an amount sufcient to
interfere with the satisfactory
operation of the equipment enclosed.
6 Complete protection against contact
with live or moving parts inside the
enclosure.
Protection against ingress of dust.
3 Protection against rain:
Water falling as rain at an angle
equal to or less than 60
o
with respect
to the vertical shall have no harmful
effect.
4 Protection against splashing liquid:
Liquid splashed from any direction
shall have no harmful effect
5 Protection against water-jets:
Water projected by a nozzle
from any direction under stated
conditions shall have no harmful
effect.
6 Protection against conditions on
ships decks (deck water tight
equipment}:
Water due to heavy seas shall
not enter the enclosures under
prescribed conditions
1
.
7 Protection against immersion in
water:
It must not be possible for water to
enter the enclosure under stated
conditions of pressure and time
1
.
8 Protection against indenite
immersion in water under specied
pressure:
It must not be possible for water to
enter the enclosure
1
.
1. For certain types of equipment there must be no ingress of water. Where required this is stated in a
supplementary page for the equipment concerned.
Degree of Protection Degree of Protection
151
TABLE 9
Selection of Lamps
Lamp type Range Luminous Efcacy Average Color Rendering
ux (lm/W) Life (hr) (Ra)
CFL 18W-36W 1200-2900 60-80 15000 75-85
Fluorescent
T5 28W-54W 2900-4850 90-104 24000 80-90
T8 18W-36W 750-3250 50-90 20000 80-85
T12 20W-40W 950-2450 48-61 12000 50-75
Halogen 50W 1200 24 2000 75-90
Metal halide 70W-250W 5300-25000 76-100 12000 70-90
High pressure 70W-1000W 5600-130000 80-130 20000 20-65
sodium vapor
Low pressure 55W-135W 8100-32000 100-230 20000 20-65
sodium vapor
Induction lamp 70W-150W 6500-12000 80-95 100000 65-90
LED 3W-120W 750-14000 80-100 80000 65-90
152
TABLE 10
Capacitor Selection Chart
Present Required Power Factor
Power Factor
0.85 0.90 0.95 0.98 Unity
0.50 1.112 1.248 1.403 1.529 1.732
0.55 0.899 1.035 1.190 1.316 1.519
0.60 0.714 0.849 1.005 1.131 1.334
0.65 0.549 0.685 0.840 0.966 1.169
0.70 0.400 0.536 0.691 0.811 1.020
0.75 0.262 0.398 0.553 0.673 0.882
0.80 0.130 0.266 0.421 0.541 0.750
0.85 - 0.136 0.291 0.417 0.620
0.90 - - 0.155 0.281 0.484
0.95 - - - 0.126 0.329
Required KVAR = KW x Multiplying factor.
153
TABLE 11
Recommended Values of Illumination as per BIS: 3646 (Part-II)
Recommended Illuminance Levels
Types of Interior or Activity Range of Service
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
1. AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE
1.1 Inspection of farm products where Colour is
important
Other important tasks
1.2 Farm workshops
1.2.1 General
1.2.2 Workbench or machine
1.3 Milk premises
1.4 Sick Animal Pets, Calf Nurseries
1.5 Other Firm and Horticulture Building
2. COAL MINING (SURFACE BUILDING)
2.1 Coal preparation plant
2.1.1 Walkways, Floors, under converters
2.1.2 Wagon loading, bunkers
2.1.3 Elevators, Chute transfer pits,
washbox area
2.1.4 Drum lters, screen, rotating shafts
2.1.5 Picking belts
2.2 Lamp Rooms
2.2.1 Repair section
2.2.2 Other areas
2.3 Weight cabins, fan houses
2.4 Winding houses
3. ELECTRICITY GENERATION TRANSMISSION
AND DISTRIBUTION
3.1 General plant
3.1.1 Turbine houses (operating oor)
3.1.2 Boiler and turbine house basements
3.1.3 Boiler house, platforms, areas around
Burners
300-500-750 1
200-300-500 2
50-100-150 3
200-300-500 2
50-100-150 3
30-50-100 3
20-30-50 3
30-50-100 3
30-50-100 3
50-100-150 3
100-150-200 3
150-200-300 3
200-300-500 2
100-150-200 3
100-150-200 3
100-150-200 3
150-200-300 2
50-100-150 3
50-100-150 3
Local lighting may be
appropriate
appropriate
Local or portable
lighting may be
appropriate
Directional & colour
properties of lighting
may be important for
easy recognition of
coal & rock
154
3.1.4 Switch rooms, meter/rooms, oil plant
rooms, HV substations (indoor)
3.1.5 Control room
3.1.6 Relay and telecommunication rooms
3.1.7 Diesel generator & compressor rooms
3.1.8 Pump houses, water treatment plant
Houses
3.1.9 Battery rooms, charges, rectiers
3.1.10 Precipitator chambers, platforms, etc.
3.1.11 Cable tunnels & basements, Circulating
Water culverts & screen chamber
3.2 Coal Plant
3.2.1 Conveyors, gantries, junction towers,
Unloading hoppers, ash handling plants,
Setting pits, dust hoppers
3.2.2 Other areas where operators may be
Attendance
3.3 Nuclear Plants
Gas circulation bays, reactor area, boiler
platform, reactor charges and discharge face
4. METAL MANUFACTURE
4.1 Iron Making
4.1.1 Sinter Plant
Plant Floor
Mixer drum, fan house, screen houses,
coolers, transfer stations
4.1.2 Furnaces, cupola
General
Control Platforms
Conveyor galleries, walkways
4.2 Steel Making
4.2.1 Electric Melting Shops
4.2.2 Basic Oxygen Steel Making Plants
4.2.2.1 General
4.2.2.2 Converter Floor, teeming bay
4.2.2.3 Control Platforms
4.2.2.4 Scrap bays
100-150-200 2
200-300-500 1
200-300-500 2
100-150-200 3
100-150-200 3
50-100-150 3
50-100-150 3
30-50-100 3
50-100-150 3
100-150-200 3
100-150-200 2
150-200-300 3
100-150-200 3
100-150-200 3
200-300-500 2
30-50-100 3
150-200-300 3
100-150-200 3
150-200-300 3
200-300-500 2
100-150-200 3
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
Localized lighting of
control display & the
control desks may be
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
155
4.3 Metal forming and treatment
4.3.1 Ingot stripping, soaking pits, annealing
and heat treatment bays, acid recovery
plant. Pickling and cleaning bays,
roughing mills, cold mills, nishing mills,
tinning and galvanizing lines, cut up and
rewind line
4.3.2 General
4.3.3 Control Platforms
4.3.4 Wire mills, product nishing, steel
inspection and treatment
4.3.5 Plate/strip inspection
4.3.6 Inspection of tin plate, stainless steel,
etc.

4.4 Foundries
4.4.1 Automatic plant
4.4.1.1 Without manual operation
4.4.1.2 With occasional manual
operation
4.4.1.3 With continuous manual
operation
4.4.1.4 Control room
4.4.1.5 Control Platforms
4.4.2 Non-automatic Plants
4.4.2.1 Charging oor, Pouring,
Shaking Out, Cleaning, Grinding
Felting
4.4.2.2 Rough moulding, rough core
making
4.4.2.3 Fine moulding, ne core
making
4.4.2.4 Inspection
4.5 Forges (severe vibration is likely to occur)
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Inspection
5. CERAMICS
5.1 Concrete Products
Mixing, Casting, Cleaning
150-200-300 3
100-150-200 3
200-300-500 2
200-300-500 3
300-500-500 2

30-50-100 3
100-150-200 3
150-200-300 3
200-300-500 1
200-300-500 2
200-300-500 3
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 2
200-300-500 2
300-500-750 2
150-200-300 3
appropriate
Special lighting to
reveal faults in the
specular surface of
the material will be
required
control display & the
control desks may be
appropriate
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
156
Local Lighting may be
appropriate
appropriate
5.2 Potteries
5.2.1 Grinding, moulding, pressing, cleaning,
Trimming, glazing, ring
5.2.2 Enameling, colouring
5.3 Glass works
5.3.1 Furnace rooms, bending, annealing
5.3.2 Mixing rooms, forming, cutting, grinding,
Polishing, toughening
5.3.3 Beveling, decorative cutting, etching,
silvering
5.3.4 Inspection
6. CHEMICALS
6.1 Petroleum, chemical and petrochemical works
6.1.1 Exterior walkways, Platforms, stairs &
ladders
6.1.2 Exterior pump and valve areas
6.1.3 Pump and compressor houses
6.1.4 Process plant with remote control
6.1.5 Process plant requiring occasional
Manual interventions
6.1.6 Permanently occupied work stations in
Process plant
6.1.7 Control rooms for process plant
6.2 Pharmaceutical manufacturer and ne
chemicals manufacturer
6.2.1 Pharmaceutical Manufacturer
Grinding, granulating, mixing, drying,
tableting, sterilizing, washing,
preparation of solutions, lling capping,
wrapping, hardening
6.2.2 Fine chemical manufacture
6.2.2.1 Exterior walkways, platform,
stairs and ladders
6.2.2.2 Process plant
6.2.2.3 Fine chemical nishing
6.2.2.4 Inspection
6.3 Soap Manufacture
6.3.1 General Area
6.3.2 Automatic Processes
6.3.3 Control panels

6.3.4 Machines
6.4 Paint Works
6.4.1 General
200-300-500 3
500-750-1000 1
100-150-200 3
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 2
30-50-100 3
50-100-150 3
100-150-200 3
30-50-100 3
50-100-150 3
150-200-300 3
200-300-500 1
300-500-750 2
30-50-100 3
50-100-150 3
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 1
200-300-500 2
100-200-300 2
200-300-500 1
200-300-500 2
200-300-500 2
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
157
6.4.2 Automatic Processes
6.4.3 Control Panels
6.4.4 Special Batch mixing
6.4.5 Colour Matching
7. MECHNICAL ENGINEERING
7.1 Structural Steel Fabrication
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Marking off
7.2 Sheet Metal Works
7.2.1 Pressing, punching, shearing, stamping,
spinning, folding
7.2.2 Bench work, scribing, inspection
7.3 Machine and tool shops
7.3.1 Rough bench and machine work
7.3.2 Medium bench and machine work
7.3.3 Fine bench and machine work
7.3.4 Gauge rooms
7.4 Die Sinking Shops
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Fine Works
7.5 Welding and soldering shops
7.5.1 Gas and arc welding, rough spot welding
7.5.2 Medium soldering, brazing, spot welding
7.5.3 Fine soldering, ne spot welding
7.6 Assembly Shops
7.6.1 Rough work, for example, frame and
heavy machine assembly
7.6.2 Medium work, for example, ofce
machinery assembly
7.6.3 Fine work, for example, ofce machinery
assembly
7.6.4 Very ne work, for example, instrument
assembly
7.6.5 Minute work for example, watch making
7.7 Inspection and Testing Shops
7.7.1 Coarse Work, for example, using go/
on go gauge, inspection of large sub-
assembly
150-200-300 2
200-300-500 2
500-750-1000 2
750-1000-1500 1
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 3
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
750-1000-1500 1
300-500-750 2
1000-1500-2000 1
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 3
750-1000-1500 2
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 1
750-1000-1500 1
1000-1500-2000 1
300-500-750 2
appropriate
Optical aids may be
required
Flexible local lighting
is desirable
appropriate
The lighting of vertical
surface may be
important
appropriate
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
Local lighting and
optical aids are
desirable
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
158
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
Local lighting and
optical aids are
desirable
Local lighting and
optical aids are
desirable
Special light to reveal
fault in the surface
of the material be
required
appropriate
Local light may be
appropriate. Optical
aids may be used
appropriate. Optical
aids may be used
appropriate
appropriate
7.7.2 Medium work for example, inspection of
painted surfaces
7.7.3 Fine work, for example, using calibrated
scales, inspection of precision
mechanism
7.7.4 Very ne work, for example, inspection
of small intricate parts
7.7.5 Minute work, for example, inspection of
very small instruments
7.8 Points shops and Spray Booths
7.8.1 Dipping, rough spraying
7.8.2 Preparation, ordinary painting, spraying
& nishing
7.8.3 Fine painting, Spraying and nishing
7.8.4 Inspection, retouching and matching
7.9 Plating shops
7.9.1 Vats and baths
7.9.2 Bufng, polishing, burnishing
7.9.3 Final bufng and polishing
7.9.4 Inspection
8. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGG.
8.1 Electrical Equipment manufacture
8.1.1 Manufacture of cables & insulated
wires, winding, varnishing & immersion
of coils, assembly of large machines,
simple assembly work
8.1.2 Medium assembly, for example
Telephones, small motors
8.1.3 Assembly of precision components,
for eg. telecommunication equipment,
adjustment, inspection and calibration
8.1.4 Assembly of high precision parts
8.2 Electronic Equipment Manufacture
8.2.1 Printed Circuit Board
8.2.1.1 Silk Screening
8.2.1.2 Hand insertion of components,
soldering
500-750-1000 1
750-1000-1500 1
1000-1500-2000 1
2000 1
200-300-500 3
200-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
750-1000-1500 2
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2

200-300-500 3
300-500-750 3
750-1000-1500 1
1000-1500-2000 1
300-500-750 1
500-750-1000 1
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
159
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
8.2.1.3 Inspection
8.2.1.4 Assembly of wiring harness,
clearing harness, testing and
calibration
8.2.1.5 Chassis assembly
8.2.2 Inspection and testing
8.2.2.1 Soak test
8.2.2.2 Safety and functional tests
9. FOOD, DRINKS AND TOBACCO
9.1 Slaughter houses
9.1.1 General
9.1.2 Inspection
9.2 Canning, Preserving and Freezing
9.2.1 Grading and sorting of raw materials
9.2.2 Preparation
9.2.3 Canned and bottled goods
9.2.3.1 Retorts
9.2.3.2 Automatic processes
9.2.3.3 Labeling and packaging
9.2.4 Frozen labeling
9.2.4.1 Process area
9.2.4.2 Packaging and storage
9.3 Bottling, Brewing & Distilling
9.3.1 Keg washing and handling, bottle
washing
9.3.2 Keg inspection
9.3.3 Bottle inspection
9.3.4 Process area
9.3.5 Bottle lling
9.4 Edible oils and Fats Processing
9.4.1 Rening and Blending
9.4.2 Production
9.5 Mills-milling, Filtering and Packing
750-1000-1500 1
500-750-1000 1
750-1000-1500 1
150-200-300 2
200-300-500 2
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
300-500-750 3
200-300-500 3
150-200-300 3
200-300-500 3
200-300-500 3
200-300-500 3
150-200-300 3
200-300-500 3

200-300-500 3
500-750-1000 3
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
200-300-500 3
A large, low luminance
luminaire overhead
ensures specular
reection conditions
which are helpful for
inspection of printed
circuit
appropriate
appropriate
Lamps of colour
rendering ground 1A or
1B will be req. if colour
judgments is required
Special lighting will be
reuqired
160
9.6 Bakeries
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 Hand decorating, icing
9.7 Chocolate and Confectionery Manufacturer
9.7.1 General
9.7.2 Automatic processes
9.7.3 Hand decoration, inspection, wrapping
and packing
9.8 Tobacco Processing
9.8.1 Material preparation, making and
packing
9.8.1 Hand processes
10. TEXTILES
10.1 Fibre preparation
10.1.1 Bale breaking, washing
10.1.2 Stock dyeing, tinting
10.2 Yarn manufacture
10.2.1 Spinning, roving, winding, etc.
10.2.2 Heading (drawing in)
10.3 Fabric Production
10.3.1 Knitting
10.3.2 Weaving
10.3.2.1 Jute and hemp
10.3.2.2 Heavy woolens
10.3.2.3 Medium worsteds, ne
woolens, cottons
10.3.2.4 Fine worsteds, ne linens,
synthetics
10.3.2.5 Mending
10.3.2.6 Inspection
10.4 Fabric Finishing
10.4.1 Dyeing
10.4.2 Calendering, Chemical treatment, etc.
10.4.3 Inspection
10.4.3.1 Grey cloth
10.4.3.2 Final
10.5 Carpet Manufacturer
10.5.1 Winding, beaming
10.5.2 Setting pattern, tufting cropping,
Trimming, Fringing, latexing and latex
drying
10.5.3 Designing, weaving, mending
200-300-500 2
300-500-750 2
200-300-500 3
150-200-300 3
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
200-300-500 3
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
750-1000-750 2
300-500-750 2
200-300-750 2
300-500-750 1
500-500-750 1
750-1000-750 1
1000-1500-2000 1
1000-1500-2000 1
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
750-1000-1500 1
1000-1500-2000 1
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
If accurate colour
judgements are
req. lamps of colour
rendering group of 1A
or 1B are used
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
161
10.5.4 Inspection
10.5.4.1 General
10.5.4.2 Piece dyeing
11. LEATHER INDUSTRY
11.1 Leather Manufacture
11.1.1 Cleaning, tanning and stretching, vats,
cutting, eshing, stufng
11.1.2 Finishing, scarng
11.2 Leather Working
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Pressing, glazing
11.2.3 Cutting, splitting, scarng, sewing
11.2.4 Grading, matching
12. CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR
12.1 Clothing Manufacture
12.1.1 Preparation of cloth
12.1.2 Cutting
12.1.3 Matching
12.1.4 Sewing
12.1.5 Pressing
12.1.6 Inspection
12.1.7 Hand tailoring
12.2 Hosiery and Knitwear Manufacture
12.2.1 Flat bed knitting machines
12.2.2 Circular knitting machines
12.2.3 Lock stitch and over locking machine
12.2.4 Linking or running on
12.2.5 Mending, hand nishing
12.2.6 Inspection
12.3 Glove Manufacture
12.3.1 Sorting & grading
12.3.2 Pressing, knitting, cutting
12.3.3 Sewing
12.3.4 Inspection
12.4 Hat Manufacture
12.4.1 Stiffening, braiding, rening, forming,
sizing, pounding, ironing
750-1000-1500 1
1
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2

2
200-300-500 2
500-750-1000 1
500-750-1000 1
750-1000-1500 1
300-500-750 2
1000-1500-2000 1
1000-1500-2000 1
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
750-1000-1500 1
750-1000-1500 1
1000-1500-3000
1000-1500-2000 2
500-750-1000 1
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
1000-1500-2000
200-300-500 2
appropriate
appropriate
Directional lighting
may be useful
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
appropriate
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
162
12.4.2 Cleaning, anging, nishing
12.4.3 Sewing
12.4.4 Inspection
12.5 Boot and Shoe Manufacture
12.5.1 Leather and Synthetics
12.5.2 Sorting and Grading
12.5.3 Clicking closing
12.5.4 Preparatory Operations
12.5.5 Cutting tables and pressure

12.5.6 Bottom stock preparation, lasting,
Bottoming nishing, show rooms
12.5.7 Rubber
12.5.7.1 Washing, compounding,
coating, drying, varnishing,
vulcanizing
12.5.7.2 Lining, making and nishing
13. TIMBER AND FURNITURE
13.1 Sawmills
13.1.1 General
13.1.2 Head saw
13.1.3 Grading
13.2 Woodwork Shops
13.2.1 Rough sawing, bench work
13.2.2 Sizing, planning, sanding, medium
machining and bench work
13.2.3 Fine bench & machine work, ne
sanding, nishing
13.3 Furniture manufacture
13.3.1 Raw material stores
13.3.2 Finished goods stores
13.3.3 Wood matching and assembly, rough
sawing, cutting
13.3.4 Machining, sanding and assembly,
polishing
13.3.5 Tool rooms
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
1000-1500-2000
750-1000-1500 1
750-1000-1500 2
750-1000-2000 2
1000-1500-2000 1
750-1000-1500 1
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
150-200-300 3
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
50-100-150 3
100-150-200 3
200-300-500 2
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 2
appropriate
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
appropriate
Localized lighting may
be appropriate
be appropriate
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
163
13.3.6 Spray booths
13.3.6.1 Colour nishing
13.3.6.2 Clear nishing
13.3.7 Cabinet making
13.3.7.1 Vaneer sorting and grading
13.3.7.2 Marquetry, pressing, patching
and tting
13.3.7.3 Final inspection
13.4 Upholstery Manufacture
13.4.1 Cloth inspection
13.4.2 Filling, covering
13.4.3 Slipping, cutting, sewing
13.4.4 Mattress making
13.4.5 Assembly
13.4.6 Tape edging
14. PAPER AND PRINTING
14.1 Paper Mills
14.1.1 Pulp mills, preparation plants
14.1.2 Paper and board making
14.1.2.1 General
14.1.2.2 Automatic process
14.1.2.3 Inspection, sorting
14.1.3 Paper converting process
14.1.3.1 General
14.1.3.2 Associated printed
14.2 Printed works
14.2.1 Type foundries
14.2.1.1 Matrix making, dressing type,
hand and machine coating
14.2.1.2 Front assembly, sorting
14.2.2 Composing room
14.2.2.1 Hand composing, impostition
and distribution
14.2.2.2 Hot metal keyboard
14.2.2.3 Hot metal casting
14.2.2.4 Photo composing keyboard or
setters
14.2.2.5 Paste up
14.2.2.6 Illuminated tables-general
lighting
14.2.2.7 Proof precess
14.2.2.8 Proof reading
14.2.3 Graphic reproduction
14.2.3.1 General
300-500-750 2
200-300-500 2
750-1000-1500 1
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 1
1000-1500-2000 1
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
300-500-750 2
750-1000-1500 2
200-300-500 3
200-300-500 3
150-200-300 3
300-500-750 1
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
200-300-500 3
500-750-1000 2
500-750-1000 1
500-750-1000 2
200-300-500
300-500-750 1
500-750-1000 1
200-300-500
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 1
300-500-750 2
required
required
appropriate
Supplementary lighting
may be necessary for
maintenance work
Dimming may be
required
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
164
14.2.3.2 Precision proong, retouching,
etching
14.2.3.3 Colour reproduction and
inspection
14.2.4 Printing Machine Room
14.2.4.1 Presses
14.2.4.2 Pre-make ready
14.2.4.3 Printed sheet inspection
14.2.5 Binding
14.2.5.1 Folding, pasting, punching and
stitching
14.2.5.2 Cutting, assembling,
embossing
15. PLASTIC AND RUBBER
15.1 Plastic Product
15.1.1 Automatic plant
15.1.1.1 Without manual control
15.1.1.2 With occasional manual
control
15.1.1.3 With continuous manual
control
15.1.1.4 Control rooms
15.1.1.5 Control platforms
15.1.2 Non-automatic plant
15.1.2.1 Mixing, calendering, extrusion,
injection, compression
and blow moulding, sheet
fabrication
15.1.2.2 Trimming, cutting, polishing
15.1.2.3 Printing, inspection
15.2 Rubber products
15.2.1 Stock preparation - plastisizing, milling
15.2.2 Calendering, fabric preparation, stock-
cutting
15.2.3 Extruding, moulding
15.2.4 Inspection
16. DISTRIBUTION AND STORAGE
16.1 Work stores
16.1.1 Unpacking, sorting
16.1.2 Large item storage
750-1000-1500 1
750-1000-1500 1
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 2
750-1000-1500 1
300-500-750 2
500-750-1000 2
30-50-100 3
50-100-150 3
200-300-500 3
200-300-500 1
200-300-500 2
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
750-1000-1500 1
150-200-300 3
300-500-750 3
300-500-750 2
750-1000-1500
100-150-200 3
150-200-300 3
50-100-150 3
appropriate
appropriate
Avoid glare to drivers of
vehicles approaching
the loading bay
the loading bay
the loading bay
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
165
16.1.3 Small item rack storage
16.1.4 Issue counter, records, storemans desk
16.2 Warehouses and bulk stores
16.2.1 Storage of goods where identication
requires only limited preparation of
details
16.2.2 Storage of goods where identication
requires perception of detail
16.2.3 Automatic high bay rack stores
16.2.3.1 Gangway
16.2.3.2 Control station
16.2.3.3 Packing and dispatch
16.2.3.4 Loading bays
16.3 Cold stores
16.3.1 General
16.3.2 Breakdown, make-up and dispatch
16.3.3 Loading bays
17. COMMERCE
17.1 Ofces
17.1.1 General ofces
17.1.2 Deep plan General ofces
17.1.3 Computer work station
17.1.4 Conference Rooms, Executive ofces
17.1.5 Computer and data preparation
Rooms
17.1.6 Filling rooms
17.2 Drawing Ofces
17.2.1 General
17.2.2 Drawing Board
17.2.3 Computer aided design and drafting
17.2.4 Print rooms
17.3 Banks and building societies
17.3.1 Counter, ofce area
17.3.2 Public area
18. SERVICES
18.1 Garages
18.1.1 Interior parking areas
18.1.2 General repairs, servicing, washing,
polishing
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 2
50-100-150 3
100-150-200 3
20
150-200-300 3
200-300-500 3
100-150-200 3
200-300-500 3
200-300-500 3
100-150-200 3
300-500-750 1
500-750-1000 1
300-500-750 1
300-500-750 1
300-500-750 1
200-300-500 1
300-500-750 1
500-750-1000 1

200-300-500 1
300-500-750 1
200-300-500 1
20-30-50
200-300-500 3
the loading bay
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
the loading bay
the loading bay
Special lighting is
required
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
166
18.1.3 Workbench
18.1.4 Spray Booths
18.1.5 External apron
18.1.5.1 General
18.1.5.2 Pump area (retail detials)
18.2 Appliance servicing
18.2.1 Workshop
18.2.1.1 General
18.2.1.2 Workbench
18.2.1.3 Counter
18.2.1.4 Stores
18.3 Laundries
18.3.1 Commercial laundries
18.3.2 Receiving, sorting, washing, drying,
ironing, dispatch, dry-cleaning, bulk
machine work
18.3.3 Head ironing, pressing, mending,
spotting, inspection
18.3.4 Launderettes
18.4 Sewage Treatment Works
18.4.1 Walkways
18.4.2 Process areas
19. RETAILING
19.1 Small Shops with Counters
19.2 Small Self Service shops with island displays
19.3 Super Markets, Hyper-Markets
19.3.1 General
19.3.2 Checkout
19.3.3 Showroom for large objects, for e.g.
cars, furniture
19.3.4 Shopping precincts and arcades
20. PLACES OF PUBLIC ASSEMBLY
20.1 Public rooms, Village halls, Worship halls
20.2 Concert Halls, Cinemas and theatres
20.2.1 Foyer
20.2.2 Booking Ofce
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 1
1
30-50-100
200-300-500
200-300-500 2
300-500-700 2
200-300-500 2
200-300-500 3
200-300-500 3
300-500-750 3
200-300-500 3
30-50-100 3
50-100-150 3
300-500-750 1
300-500-750 1
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 1
100-150-200 2
200-300-500 1
150-200-300
200-300-500
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
Care should be taken
to avoid glare to drivers
& neighbouring residents
See retailing
be appropriate
be appropriate
The service
illuminance should
be provided on the
horizontal plane of the
counter. Where wall
displays are used, a
similar illuminance on
the walls is desirable
Local or localized
lighting may be
appropriate
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
167
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
20.2.3 Auditorium
20.2.4 Dressing Rooms
20.2.5 Projection Rooms
20.3 Churches
20.3.1 Body of church
20.3.2 Pulpit, Lectern
20.3.3 Choir Stalls
20.3.4 Alter, communion table, cancel
20.3.5 Vestries
20.3.6 Organ
20.4 Hospitals
20.4.1 Anaesthetic Rooms
20.4.1.1 General
20.4.1.2 Local
20.4.2 Consulting Area
20.4.2.1 General
20.4.2.2 Examiantion
20.4.3 Corridors
20.4.3.1 General
20.4.4 Ward corridors
20.4.4.1 Day, screened from bays
20.4.4.2 Day, open to natural light
20.4.4.3 Morning/evening
20.4.4.4 Night
20.4.5 Cubicles
20.4.5.1 General
20.4.5.2 Treatment
20.4.6 Examination
20.4.6.1 General
20.4.6.2 Local inspection
20.4.7 Intensive therapy
20.4.7.1 Bed head
20.4.7.2 Circulation between bed
ends
20.4.7.3 Observation
20.4.7.4 Local observation
20.4.7.5 Staff base (day)
20.4.7.6 Staff base (night)
20.4.8 Laboratories
20.4.8.1 General
20.4.8.2 Examination
20.4.9 Nurses stations
20.4.9.1 Morning/day/evening
50-100-150
200-300-500
100-150-200
100-150-200 2
200-300-500 2
200-300-500 2
100-150-200 2
100-150-200 2
200-300-500
200-300-500
750-1000-1500
200-300-500
750-1000-1500
100-150-200
150-200-300
150-200-300
100-150-200
5-10
200-300-500
750-1000-1500
200-300-500
750-1000-1500
30-50
50-100-150
200-300-500
750-1000-1500
200-300-500
30
200-300-500
300-500-750
200-300-500
Dimming facilities will
be necessary. Special
lightning of the aisles
is desirable
Special mirror lighting
for make up may be
required
Use local lighting
Local lighting may
appropriate
Additional lighting to
provide emphasis is
desirable
168
Special operating
lights are used
be appropriate
The lighting should be
designed to create
appropriate atmos-
phere
20.4.9.2 Night desks
20.4.9.3 Night, medical trolleys
20.4.10 Operating theatres
20.4.10.1 General
20.4.10.2 Local
20.4.11 Pathology Department
20.4.11.1 General
20.4.11.3 Pharmacies
20.4.11.4 Reception/inquiry
20.4.11.5 Recovery rooms
20.4.12 Ward circulation
20.4.12.1 Day
20.4.12.2 Morning/evening
20.4.12.3 Night
20.4.13 Ward bed head
20.4.13.1 Morning/Evening
20.4.13.2 Reading
20.4.14 Night
20.4.14.1 Adult
20.4.14.2 Pediatric
20.4.14.3 Psychiatric
20.4.14.4 Watch
20.4.15 X-ray Areas
20.4.15.1 General
20.4.15.2 Diagnostic
20.4.15.3 Operative
20.4.15.4 Process dark room
20.4.16 Surgeries
20.4.16.1 General
20.4.16.2 Waiting rooms
20.4.17 Dental Surgeries
20.4.17.1 Chair
20.4.17.2 Laboratories
20.4.18 Consulting rooms
20.4.18.1 General
20.4.18.2 Desk
20.4.18.4 Ophthalmic wall & near-
vision charts
20.5 Hotels
20.5.1 Entrance Halls
20.5.2 Reception, cashiers and porters
Desks
20.5.3 Bars, coffee base, dinning rooms,
grill, rooms, restaurants, lounges
20.5.4 Cloak room
30
50-100-150
300-500-750
10000 to 50000
200-300-500
300-500-750
200-300-500
200-300-500
200-300-500
50-100-150
50-100-150
3-5
30-50
100-150-200
0.1-1
1-5
5
150-200-300
150-200-300
200-300-500
50
200-300-500
100-150-200
Special lighting
300-500-750
200-300-500
300-500-750
300-500-750
300-500-750
50-100-150
200-300-500
50-200
50-100-150 3
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
169
20.5.5 Bed room
20.5.6 Bathroom
20.5.7 Food preparation and stores, cellars,
lifts and corridors
20.6 Libraries
20.6.1 Lending libraries
20.6.1.1 General
20.6.1.2 Counters

20.6.1.3 Bookshelves
20.6.1.4 Reading rooms
20.6.1.5 Reading tables
20.6.2 Catalogues
20.6.2.1 Card
20.6.2.2 Microche/visual display
units
20.6.3 Reference libraries
20.6.3.1 General
20.6.3.2 Counters

20.6.3.3 Bookshelves
20.6.3.4 Study tables, carrels
20.6.3.5 Map room
20.6.4 Display and exhibition
20.6.4.1 Exhibits insensitive to
light
20.6.4.2 Exhibit sensitive to light,
for e.g. pictures, prints,
rare books in archieves
20.6.5 Library workrooms
20.6.5.1 Book repair and binding
20.6.5.2 Catalogue and sorting
20.6.5.3 Remote book stores
30-50-100
50-100-150

200-300-500 1
300-500-750 1
100-150-200 2
200-300-500 1
200-300-500 1
100-150-200 2
100-150-200 2
200-300-500 1
300-500-750 1
100-150-200 2
300-500-750 1
200-300-500 1
200-300-500
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 2
100-150-200 3
Supplementary local
lighting at the bed
head, writing table
should be provided
Supplementary local
lighting near the mirror
is desirable
See General building
areas
be appropriate
The service
illuminance should be
provided on the
vertical surface at the
bottom of the book
shelves
be appropriate
be appropriate
The service
illuminance should be
provided on the
vertical surface at the
foot of the book shelves
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
170
20.7 Museums and Art Galleries
20.7.1 Exhibits insensitive to light
20.7.2 Light sensitive exhibits, for e.g. oil
and temper paints, undyed leather,
bone, ivory, wood etc.
20.7.3 Extremely light sensitive exhibits, for
e.g. textiles, water colours, prints and
drawing, skins, botanical specimens,
etc.
20.7.4 Conservation studies and workshops
20.8 Sports Facilities
20.8.1 Multi-purpose sports hall
21. EDUCATION
21.1 Assembly Halls
21.1.1 General
21.1.2 Platform and stage
21.2 Teaching Spaces
21.2.1 General
21.3 Lecture Theatres
21.3.1 General
21.3.2 Demonstration benches
21.4 Seminar Rooms
21.5 Art Rooms
21.6 Needlework Rooms
21.7 Laboratories
21.8 Libraries
21.9 Music rooms
21.10 Sport halls
21.11 Workshops
22. TRANSPORT
22.1 Airports
22.1.1 Ticket counters, checking, desks
and information desks
200-300-500
150
50
300-500-750 1
300-750
200-300-500 3

200-300-500 1
200-300-500 1
300-500-750 1
300-500-750 1
300-500-750 1
300-500-750 1
300-500-750 1
200-300-500 1
200-300-500 1
200-300-500 1
200-300-500 1
300-500-750 2
This is a maximum
illuminance to be
provided on the
principal plane of the
object
This is a maximum
illuminance to be
provided on the
principal plane of the
object
This lighting system
should be sufciently
exible to provide
lighting suitable for the
variety of sports &
activities that take place
in sports halls. Higher
illuminance of 1000-
2000 lux would be
required for television
coverage
Special lighting to
provide emphasis &
to facilitate the use of
the platform stage is
desirable
be appropriate
be appropriate
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
171
Types of interior or activity Range of service
illuminance in
lux
Quality class
of direct glare
limitation
Remarks
22.1.2 Departure lounges, other waiting
areas
22.1.3 Baggage reclaim
22.1.4 Baggage handling
22.1.5 Customers and immigration halls
22.1.6 Concourse
22.2 Railway Stations
22.2.1 Ticket ofce
22.2.2 Information Ofce
22.2.3 Parcels ofce, left
22.2.4 Luggage Ofce
22.2.4.1 General
22.2.4.2 Counter
22.2.5 Waiting rooms
22.2.6 Concourse
22.2.7 Time table
22.2.8 Ticket Barriers
22.2.9 Platforms (covered)
22.2.10 Platforms (open)
22.3 Coach Stations
22.3.1 Ticket ofces
22.3.2 Information ofces
22.3.3 Left Luggage ofce
22.3.3.1 General
22.3.3.2 Counter
22.3.4 Waiting rooms
22.3.5 Concourse
22.3.6 Time Table
22.3.7 Loading Areas
23. GENERAL BUILDING AREAS
23.1 Entrance
23.1.1 Entrance Halls, Lobbies, Waiting
Rooms
23.1.2 Inquiry desks
150-200-300 2
150-200-300 2
50-100-150 2
300-500-750 2
150-200-300 2
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 2
50-100-150 2
150-200-300 2
150-200-300 2
150-200-300 2
150-200-300 2
150-200-300 2
30-50-100 2
20
300-500-750 2
300-500-750 2
50-100-150 3
150-200-300 3
150-200-300 2
150-200-300 2
150-200-300 2
100-150-200 3
150-200-300 2
300-500-750 2
Localized lighting over
the counter may be
appropriate
the counter may be
appropriate
be appropriate
be appropriate
to light and mark the
edge of platform clearly
to light and mark the
edge of platform clearly
the counter may be
appropriate
the counter may be
appropriate
Localized lighting is
appropriate
Local lighting is
appropriate
be appropriate
172
23.1.3 Gatehouses
23.2 Circulation Areas
23.2.1 Lifts
23.2.2 Corridors, Passageway, stairs
23.2.3 Escalator, travellators
23.3 Medical and First aid Centres
23.3.1 Consulting Rooms, Treatment
Rooms
23.3.2 Rest Rooms
23.3.3 Medical Stores
23.4 Staff Rooms
23.4.1 Changing, locker and cleaner
Rooms, cloakrooms, lavatories
23.4.2 Rest Rooms
23.5 Staff Restaurant
23.5.1 Canteens, cafeterias, dining rooms
Mess rooms
23.5.2 Servery, vegetable preparation,
washing-up area
23.5.3 Food preparation and cooking
23.5.4 Food stores, cellars
23.6 Communications
23.6.1 Switchboard rooms
23.6.2 Telephone apparatus room
23.6.3 Telex room, post room
23.6.4 Reprographic room
23.7 Building Services
23.7.1 Boiler houses
23.7.1.1 General
23.7.1.2 Boiler front
23.7.1.3 Boiler control room
23.7.1.4 Control rooms
23.7.1.5 Mechanical plant room
23.7.1.6 Electrical power supply
and distribution room
23.7.1.7 Store rooms
23.8 Car Parks
23.8.1 Covered Car Parks
23.8.1.1 Floors
23.8.1.2 Ramps and Corners
23.8.1.3 Entrances and Exits
23.8.1.4 Control Booths
23.8.1.5 Outdoor Car Parks
150-200-300 2
50-100-150
50-100-150 2
100-150-200
300-500-750 1
100-150-200 1
100-150-200 2
50-100-150
100-150-200 1
150-200-300 2
200-300-500 2
300-500-750 2
100-150-200 2
200-300-500 2
100-150-200 2
300-500-750 2
200-300-500 2
50-100-150 3
100-150-200 3
200-300-500 2
200-300-500 2
100-150-200 2
100-150-200 2
50-100-150 3
5-20
30
50-100-150
150-200-300
5-20
the control display and
the control desk may
be appropriate
the control display and
the control desk may
be appropriate
Illuminance in
Lux
Quality Class
of Direct Glare
Limitation
Remarks
173
TABLE 12
Expected Useful Life of Various Electrical Equipments/ Installations Etc.
Sl. No Description of Equipment/ Installation Life in Years
(1) (2) (3)
A. Wiring of Electrical Installations
1 Conduit wiring non-coastal area 20
2 Conduit wiring coastal area 15
3 Casing and capping wiring Deleted
4 PVC wiring on batten Deleted
5 L.S. wiring Deleted
6 T.R.S. wiring Deleted
7 Cleat Wiring Deleted
8 MS Pole 20
9 GI Pole 25
B. Fans
1 Ceiling Fan AC 15
2 Ceiling Fan DC Deleted
3 Exhaust Fan AC/DC DC 6
DC may be deleted
4 Table Fan AC/DC Deleted
5 Pedestal/ Air circulated Fan Deleted
C. External Electrical Lines
1 Temporary overhead lines on wooden poles Deleted
2 Permanent overhead line on steel/ RCC poles 20
3 Underground Cable Lines 20
D. Sub-station Equipment
1 Switchgear LT/HT 20
2 Transformers 25
3 Servo voltage stabilizer 10
174
(1) (2) (3)
E. Lifts
1 Electric Lifts 15-20
2 Escalators 15-20
3 Hospital Lifts 10-15
F. Electric Motors and Pumps
1 Electric Motors single phase Deleted
2 Electric Motors three phase 15
3 Electric pumps small (3000 RPM) AC/ DC Deleted
4 Electric pumps medium (11500 RPM) AC/ DC Deleted
5 (Diesel) Engine pump upto 10 H.P. 10
6 Storm water pump 7
7 Water supply Pump (Centrifugal) 10
8 Sewage Pump 5
9 (Diesel) Engine pump above 10 H.P. 12
10 Diesel Generator upto 50 KW 12
11 Diesel Generator above 50 KW 15
Above 15 KW
may be deleted
G. Refrigerators, Coolers & Air Conditioners
1 Refrigerators 6
2 Cold storage plant with air-cooled condensing unit 8
3 Cold storage plant with water cooled condensing unit Deleted
4 Desert Coolers [1500-2000 cfm (Evaporative type)] 4
5 Water Coolers 5
6 Room coolers cheap type about 1000 cfm Deleted
7 Window type/ Split type/ Air-conditioning/ units with
air cooled condensers 7
8 Packaged type Air-conditioning units with water
cooled condensers 10
175
9 Packaged type Air-conditioning units with air
cooled condensers 8
10 DX type central air-conditioned plant with water
cooled condensers Deleted
11 Central chilled water system of air-conditioning
plant with water cooled condensers 20
12 Evaporative type air-cooling plant (upto 25,000 cfm.) 10
13 Evaporative type air-cooling plant above 25,000 cfm. Deleted
H. Mechanical Machinery
(a) Asphalt Plant
1 Hotmix Asphalt Plant (upto 10 TPH) Deleted
2 Hotmix Asphalt Plant (10 to 30 TPH) Deleted
3 Hotmix Asphalt Plant (30/45 TPH) Deleted
4 Tar/Bitumen heater 1000 - 1500 litres capacity Deleted
5 Cold Asphalt mixer 30 cft. Deleted
6 Asphalt power nishers Deleted
(b) Compaction Equipment
1 Hand Roller 1/2 tonne Deleted
2 Diesel Steel Wheel roller 8/10 tonne capacity Deleted
3 Vibratory tandom roller 4 tonne Deleted
4 Sheeps foot roller single/ double drum. Deleted
(c) Concrete Plants
1 Concrete Mixer 3/5 cft. Capacity Deleted
2 Concrete Mixer 0.28/0.20 and 0.39/0.28 cu.m. capacity Deleted
3 Electric vibrator capacity 5 HP Deleted
4 Vibrator Engine Driver , Immersion/ Screed board
type above 2 HP - 5 HP Deleted
(d) Earth Moving Machinery
1 Dozer Deleted
(1) (2) (3)
176
(1) (2) (3)
2 Earth Rammer Deleted
3 Front and Boarder 75 B.H.P. Deleted
4 Front end loader 45 B.H.P. Deleted
5 Motor Grader 60-80 BHP Deleted
6 Electric driven portable Swivel Loader Deleted
(e) Miscellaneous
1 Air-compressors 108-210 cf m Deleted
2 Mobile Crane 4 tonne capacity Deleted
3 Grass Cutter 1.52-1.8 3 m (5-6) cut mid/rear mounted Deleted
4 Centrifugal pump upto 10 HP Deleted
5 Trailer mounted Centrifugal Pump, Engine driven about
10 HP-50 HP Deleted
6 Spray painting equipment complete Deleted
7 Welding Transformers Deleted
8 Pneumatic Rock Drill Deleted
9 Pneumatic Pavement Breakers Deleted
10 Generating set upto 50 KW with trolley Deleted
11 Insulating Oil Dehydration plant upto 500 lit. Deleted
12 Core Cutting machine Deleted
13 Water Tank 910 lit. capacity trolley mounted Deleted
14 Boilers 15
15 Incinerator 15
(f) Transport
1 Tipper/Truck Deleted
2 Tractor 25-40 HP Deleted
3 Tractor above 60-80 BHP Deleted
4 Motor Car 5
5 Four wheeled trailer Deleted
177
(1) (2) (3)
(g) Fire Fighting Equipment
1 Fire Alarm System 15
2 Water based wet riser/ sprinkler system 20
Note: These are general guidelines. Proposal for replacement will be based on actual hours
of operation / conditions of use and inspection by the concerned authority. Based on
adverse working condition, it may be necessary to replace installations earlier. Similarly
replacement can be postponed if the existing condition is found to be satisfactory based
on detailed inspection done. But it is necessary to keep close watch, when useful life is
going to be over.
178
TABLE 13
List of T&P to be Held by each Junior Engineer as a Maintenance Unit
1. Earth Tester
2. Insulation Tester LT/HT
3. Tong Tester
4. Multimeter
5. Lux Meter
6. Vernier Caliper
7. Wire Gauge
8. Hand Blower / Vacuum Cleaner
9. Drill Machine
10. Chase Cutting Machine
11. Crimping tool kit
12. Self-supporting ladder - 4 ft. 3 Nos.
13. Ladder - 20 ft. 1 No.
14. Electrical wiring drawing machine
15. Cable fault locator machine
16. One set of hydraulic crimping tool kit
Note: Item No. 15 & 16 will be procured by Superintending Engineer (E) based on the requirement.
179
TABLE 14
Values of Performance Characteristics of Energy Ef cient Induction Motors
Table 1 Values of Performance Characteristic of 2 Pole Energy Efcient Induction Motors
(Clauses 1.2, 1.3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 14.1, 17.1, 17.1.1 and 17.1.2)
Rated
Output
Frame
Designation
Full
Load
Speed
Full
Load
Current
Breakaway
Torque in
Terms of Full
Load Torque
Breakaway Current
in Terms of Full
Current, Equal or
Below
Nominal Efciency
Min Max Min For eff 2 For eff 1 For eff 2 For eff 1
kW Rev/min Amp Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8 ) (9)

0.37 71 2,790 1.2 170.0 600 650 66.0 70.2
0.55 71 2,760 1.6 170.0 600 650 70.0 74.0
0.75 80 2,780 2.0 170.0 600 650 73.0 77.0
1.1 80 2,790 2.8 170.0 600 650 76.2 82.8
1.5 90S 2,800 3.7 170.0 600 650 78.5 84.1
2.2 90L 2,810 5.0 170.0 650 700 81.0 85.6
3.7 100L 2,820 8.0 160.0 650 700 84.0 87.5
5.5 132S 2,830 11.0 160.0 650 700 85.7 88.6
7.5 132S 2,840 15.0 160.0 650 700 87.0 89.5
9.3 160M 2,840 18.5 160.0 650 700 87.7 90.0
11.0 160M 2,860 21.5 160.0 650 700 88.4 90.5
15.0 160M 2,870 29.0 160.0 650 700 89.4 91.3
18.5 160L 2,880 35.0 160.0 650 700 90.0 91.8
22.0 180M 2,890 41.5 160.0 650 700 90.5 92.2
30.0 200L 2,900 54.0 160.0 650 700 91.4 92.9
37.0 200L 2,900 67.0 160.0 650 700 92.0 93.3
45.0 225M 2,955 80.0 160.0 650 700 92.5 93.7
55.0 250M 2,960 95.0 160.0 650 700 93.0 94.0
75.0 280S 2,970 130.0 160.0 650 700 93.6 94.6
90.0 280M 2,970 150.0 160.0 650 700 93.9 95.0
110.0 315S 2,980 185.0 160.0 650 700 94.0 95.0
125.0 315M 2,980 209.0 160.0 650 700 94.5 95.3
132.0* 315M 2,980 220.0 160.0 650 700 94.5 95.3
160.0* 315L 2,980 265.0 160.0 650 700 94.8 95.3
Note: Output to frame size relation is maintained in accordance with IS 1231 for all motors, except those marked
as *, wherein the frame size indicated is preferred frame size.
180
TABLE 14
(Clauses 1.2, 1.3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 14.1, 17.1, 17.1.1 and 17.1.2)
Rated
Output
Frame
Designation
Full
Load
Speed
Full
Load
Current
Breakaway
Torque in
Terms of Full
Load Torque
Breakaway Current
in Terms of Full
Current, Equal or
Below
Nominal Efciency
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8 ) (9)

0.37 71 1,330 1.4 170.0 550 600 66.0 73.0
0.55 80 1,340 1.7 170.0 550 600 70.0 78.0
0.75 80 1,360 2.2 170.0 550 600 73.0 82.5
1.1 90S 1,370 2.9 170.0 550 600 76.2 83.8
1.5 90L 1,380 3.8 170.0 550 600 78.5 85.0
2.2 100L 1,390 5.1 170.0 600 700 81.0 86.4
3.7 112M 1,410 8.1 160.0 600 700 84.0 88.3
5.5 132S 1,420 11.4 160.0 600 700 85.7 89.2
7.5 132M 1,430 15.4 160.0 600 700 87.0 90.1
9.3 160M 1,430 18.5 160.0 600 700 87.7 90.5
11.0 160M 1,440 22.0 160.0 600 700 88.4 91.0
15.0 160L 1,440 30.0 160.0 600 700 89.4 91.8
18.5 180M 1,440 36.0 160.0 600 700 90.0 92.2
22.0 180L 1,440 43.0 160.0 600 700 90.5 92.6
30.0 200L 1,450 56.0 160.0 600 700 91.4 93.2
37.0 225S 1,450 69.0 160.0 650 700 92.0 93.6
45.0 225M 1,460 84.0 160.0 600 700 92.5 93.9
55.0 250M 1,460 99.0 160.0 600 700 93.0 94.2
75.0 280S 1,470 134.0 160.0 600 700 93.6 94.7
90.0 280M 1,470 164.0 160.0 600 700 93.9 95.0
110.0 315S 1,480 204.0 160.0 600 700 94.4 95.2
181
TABLE 14
(Clauses 1.2, 1.3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 14.1, 17.1, 17.1.1 and 17.1.2)
Rated
Output
Frame
Designation
Full
Load
Speed
Full
Load
Current
Breakaway
Torque in
Terms of Full
Load Torque
Breakaway Current
in Terms of full
Current, Equal or
Below
Nominal Efciency
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8 ) (9)

0.37 80 870 1.4 160.0 550 600 65.0 69.4
0.55 80 870 1.9 160.0 550 600 68.0 72.0
0.75 90S 890 2.3 160.0 550 600 71.0 74.6
1.1 90L 900 3.2 160.0 550 600 74.0 77.3
1.5 100L 900 4.0 160.0 550 600 76.0 79.6
2.2 112M 910 5.5 150.0 600 700 79.0 82.2
3.7 132S 920 8.8 150.0 600 700 82.5 85.1
5.5 132M 920 12.7 150.0 600 700 84.5 86.8
7.5 160M 930 16.7 150.0 600 700 86.0 88.1
9.3 160L 930 20.5 140.0 600 700 87.0 89.3
11.0 160L 935 23.0 140.0 600 700 87.5 89.7
15.0 180L 940 30.5 140.0 600 700 88.5 90.5
18.5 200L 940 37.5 140.0 600 700 89.5 91.3
22.0 200L 945 44.0 140.0 600 700 90.0 91.8
30.0 225M 945 59.0 140.0 600 700 91.0 92.6
37.0 250M 950 72.0 140.0 600 700 91.5 93.0
45.0 280S 960 87.0 140.0 600 700 92.0 93.4
55.0 280M 960 107.0 140.0 600 700 92.5 93.8
75.0 315S 970 145.0 140.0 600 700 93.0 94.2
90.0 315M 970 175.0 140.0 600 700 93.3 94.5
110.0* 315M 970 214.0 140.0 600 700 93.5 94.6
132.0* 315L 980 257.0 140.0 600 700 93.8 94.9
182
TABLE 14
(Clauses 1.2, 1.3, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 14.1, 17.1, 17.1.1 and 17.1.2)
Rated
Output
Frame
Designation
Full
Load
Speed
Full
Load
Current
Breakaway
Torque in
Terms of Full
Load Torque
Breakaway Current
in Terms of full
Current, Equal or
Below
Nominal Efciency
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8 ) (9)

0.37 90S 640 1.5 150.0 550 600 62.0 66.8
0.55 90L 640 2.1 150.0 550 600 67.0 71.1
0.75 100L 650 2.7 150.0 550 600 70.0 73.8
1.1 100L 660 3.5 150.0 550 600 72.0 76.2
1.5 112M 670 4.5 150.0 550 600 74.0 77.9
2.2 132S 680 6.1 140.0 600 700 77.0 80.5
3.7 160M 690 9.8 140.0 600 700 80.0 83.0
5.5 160M 690 14.2 140.0 600 700 82.5 85.1
7.5 160L 695 19.0 140.0 600 700 84.0 86.4
9.3 180L 700 23.0 140.0 600 700 85.0 87.3
11.0 180L 700 26.0 140.0 600 700 86.0 88.1
15.0 200L 705 35.0 130.0 600 600 87.0 89.0
18.5 225S 705 45.0 130.0 600 700 88.0 89.8
22.0 225M 710 52.0 130.0 600 700 88.5 90.2
30.0 250M 710 70.0 130.0 600 700 90.0 91.5
37.0 280S 710 86.0 130.0 600 700 90.5 91.9
45.0 280M 720 99.0 130.0 600 700 91.0 92.4
55.0 315S 720 118.0 130.0 600 700 91.5 92.8
75.0 315M 730 153.0 130.0 600 700 92.3 93.5
90.0* 315L 730 182.0 130.0 600 700 92.8 93.9
110.0* 315L 730 218.0 130.0 600 700 93.3 94.3
183
Fig. 1
Road Lighting
[Clause 2.14]
Basic Lighting Arrangements
CPWD
Single Sided
Opposite
Staggered
Central
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
HEIGHT
WIDTH
WIDTH
WIDTH
WIDTH
Height =Width
Spacing =3.5 to 4 times Height
Height =0.8 times Width
184
I
N
S
I
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E

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O
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/
B
A
C
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E
W
S
E
C
.

A
T

A
A
G
L
G
L
U
G

C
A
B
L
E
S
G
L
G
L
G
L
F
i
g
.

2
G
A

D
R
G

f
o
r

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e
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Fig. 5
Typical Design of M.S. Fan Clamps
[Clause 3.16 (v)]
TYPE 1 WHERE FAN CLAMP IS TO BE FIXED DURING LAYING OF R.C.C. SLAB
TYPE 2 WHERE FAN CLAMP IS TO BE FIXED DURING LAYING OF R.C.C. BEAM
188
Fig. 6
Circular Box Type Fan Clamp
[Clause 3.16 (vi)]
All dimensions are in mm.
189
Fig. 7
Typical Cubical Panel for Meter Board
[Clause 3.20 (v)]
- All dimensions in mm.
- Individual Meter box will have locking arrangement
- Loose wire box, Cable Alley and bus bar chamber will have arrangement for sealing.
- Sizes and arrangement are suggestive. Exact size and arrangement will be decided by NIT approving authority.
CPWD
190
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Fig. 9
Pre-wired MCB Distribution Board
(Single Phase)
[Clause 7.1.2]
Schematic Line Diagram
192
Fig. 10
Schematic Diagram For Power Distribution System
[Clause 7.2]
193
Fig. 11
Method of Pipe Earthing
[Clause 8.4.1.1(i)]
NOTE :
EXCAVATION AS SHOWN AROUND THE G.I. PIPE SHALL BE ADOPTED ONLY
WHEN SALT COKE/ CHARCOAL IS TO BE USED, IN OTHER CASES USE OF
AUGER OF MIN. DIA 15 CM SHALL BE PERMITTED
194
Fig. 12 (Revised)
Method of Plate Earthing
[Clause 8.4.1.1(ii)]
6 mm Dia M.S. ROD
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN CM. (OTHER DIMENSIONS SHOWN)
Copper
195
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Fig. 14
Earthing Concept
[Clause F.3.2.2]
1, 2, 3, 4 = Protective conductors
1. = Circuit Protective conductors
2. = Main equipotential bonding conductor
3. = Earthing conductor
4. = Supplementary equipotential bonding
conductor (where required)
B = Main earthing terminal
M = Exposed conductive part
C = Extraneous conductive part
P = Main metallic water pipe
T = Earth electrode (TT & IT system)
E = Other means of earthign (TN system)
CPWD
197
Fig. 15
Typical Earthing Schematic For Internal E.I.
[Clause F.3.2.2]
198
DETAILED REFERENCES TO CLAUSES
1. GENERAL, COMMERCIAL / TECHNICAL
1.1 Scope
1.2 Related documents
1.3 Terminology
1.4 Submission of tenders
1.5 Rates
1.6 Taxes and duties
1.7 Mobilisation advance
1.8 Completeness of tender
1.9 Works to be arranged by the Deptt.
1.10 Works to be done by the contractor
1.11 Storage and custody of materials
1.12 Electric power supply and water supply
1.13 Tools for handling and erection
1.14 Payment terms
1.15 Co-ordination with other agencies
1.16 Care of buildings
1.17 Structural alterations to buildings
1.18 Addition to an installation
1.19 Work in occupied buildings
1.20 Drawings
1.21 Conformity to IE Act, IE Rules and standards.
1.22 General requirements of components
1.22.1 Quality of materials
1.22.2 Inspection of materials and equipments
1.22.3 Ratings of components
1.22.4 Conformity of standards
1.22.5 Interchangeability
1.23 Workmanship
1.23.1 Good workmanship
1.23.2 Proper supervision/skilled workmen
1.23.3 Use of quality materials
1.23.4 Fabrication in reputed workshop
1.24 Testing
199
1.25 Commissioning on completion
1.26 Completion plan and completion certicate
1.27 Guarantee
2. PLANNING OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
2.1 Planning of electrical installation
2.2 Coordination
2.3 Location and requirement of sub-station
2.3.1 Reasons for setting up of sub-station
2.3.2 Ideal location
2.3.3 Space for electric sub-station
2.3.4 Co-ordination with local supply authority
2.3.5 Provision for future growth of load
2.3.6 Space for electrical services
2.3.7 Location of switch room
2.3.8 Distribution of supply and cabling
2.3.9 System of supply
2.3.10 Stand-by systems
2.3.11 Planning for peak, non-peak loads in ofce buildings
2.4 Quality of electric supply
2.5 Standby generator set
2.6 Power factor management
2.7 UPS
2.8 Allied services
2.9 Lighting Design
2.10 False ceiling co-ordination
2.11 Functional areas like auditorium, conference hall, computer rooms, and library
2.12 Areas like Hospitals, Stadia
2.13 Outdoor lighting, high mast lighting, road lighting, security lighting, garden lighting,
illuminated fountains
2.14 Street light poles
2.15 Renewable Energy System
3. ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION AND WIRING
3.1 Introduction
3.2 System of distribution and wiring
3.3 Wiring
3.3.1 Submain & Circuit wiring
3.3.2 Measurement of submain and circuit wiring
3.3.3 Measurement of other wiring work
200
3.4 Point wiring
3.4.1 Denition
3.4.2 Scope
3.4.3 Measurement
3.4.4 Classication
3.4.4 (a) Residential building
3.4.4 (b) Non residential building
3.4.4 (c) For any other type of building
3.4.5 Point wiring for socket outlet points
3.4.6 Group control point wiring
3.4.7 Twin control light point wiring
3.4.8 Multiple controlled call bell point wiring
3.5 Wiring system
3.6 Run of wiring
3.7 Passing through walls or oors
3.8 J oints in wiring
3.9 Ratings of outlets
3.10 Capacity of circuits
3.11 Socket outlets
3.12 Cables
3.13 Flexible cable
3.14 Wiring accessories
3.14 (a) Control switches for point
3.14 (b) Switch box
3.14 (c) Switch box cover
3.14 (d) Ceiling rose
3.14 (e) Lamp holders
3.14 (f) Fittings
3.15 Attachment of ttings and accessories
3.16 Fans, regulators and clamps
3.17 Marking of switch boards
3.18 LT distribution switchgear
3.19 Location of switchboards
3.20 Guidelines for planning residential areas
3.21 Guidelines for planning ofce buildings
4. METALLIC CONDUIT WIRING SYSTEM
4.0 Scope
4.1 Application
201
4.2 Material
4.2.1 Conduits
4.2.2 Conduit accessories
4.2.3 Outlets
4.3 Installation
4.3.1 Common aspects for recessed and surface conduit work
4.3.1 (i) Conduit joints
4.3.1 (ii) Bends in conduit
4.3.1 (iii) Outlets
4.3.1 (iv) Painting after erection
4.3.2 Additional requirements for surface conduit work
4.3.2 (i) Painting before erection
4.3.2 (ii) Fixing conduit on surface
4.3.2 (iii) Fixing outlet boxes
4.3.3 Additional requirements for recessed conduit work
4.3.3 (i) Making chase
4.3.3 (ii) Fixing conduits in chase
4.3.3 (iii) Fixing conduits in RCC work
4.3.3 (iv) Fixing inspection boxes
4.3.3 (v) Fixing switch boxes and accessories
4.3.3 (vi) Fish wire
4.3.3 (vii) Bunching of cables
4.3.4 Earthing requirements
5. NON-METALLIC CONDUIT WIRING SYSTEM
5.0 Scope
5.1 Application
5.1.1 Recessed conduit
5.1.2 Flexible non-metallic conduits
5.1.3 Special precautions
5.2 Materials
5.2.1 Conduits
5.2.2 Conduit accessories
5.2.3 Outlets
5.3 Installation
5.3.1 Common aspects for both recessed and surface conduit works.
5.3.1 (i) Erection of conduits
5.3.1 (ii) Conduit joints
202
5.3.1 (iii) Bends in conduit
5.3.1 (iv) Outlets
5.3.1 (v) Painting
5.3.2 Additional requirements for surface conduit work
5.3.3 Additional requirements for recessed conduit work
5.3.3 (i) Making chase
5.3.3 (ii) Fixing conduits in chase
5.3.3 (iii) Erection in RCC work
5.3.3 (iv) Fixing inspection boxes
5.3.3 (v) Fixing switch boxes and accessories
5.3.3 (vi) Fish wire
5.3.3 (vii) Bunching of cables
5.3.4 Earthing requirements
6. TRUNKING CABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
6.0 Scope
6.1 Application
6.2 Material
6.2.1 Type of material
6.2.2 Shape
6.2.3 Quality
6.2.4 Dimensions
6.2.5 Outlet boxes
6.3 Installation
6.3.1 Attachment to wall and ceiling
6.3.2 Passing through oors or walls
6.3.3 J oints in casing and capping
6.3.4 Colour
6.3.5 Attachment of capping
6.3.6 Installation of cables
6.3.7 Earth continuity
7. M.V. PANEL, D.B., RISING MAINS, BUS TRUNKING AND OVERHEAD BUS BAR
SYSTEM.
7.0 Scope
7.1 Requirements
7.1.1 Specication of LT cubicle panel
7.1.1 (i) International Protection
7.1.1 (ii) Space and arrangement
203
7.1.1 (iii) Material and size
7.1.1 (iv) Arrangement for incoming/outgoing cable termination
7.1.1 (v) Specication of cable terminal block
7.1.1. (vi) Bus bars/supports/clearances
7.1.1 (vii) Earthing
7.1.1 (viii) Commissioning
7.1.2 Specication of Prewired DB
7.2 Rising mains
7.2 (i) Application
7.2 (ii) Enclosure
7.2 (iii) Busbars
7.2 (iii) (a) Rating
7.2 (iii) (b) Current density
7.2 (iii) (c) Cross section of bus bars
7.2 (iii) (d) Insulation
7.2 (iii) (e) Bus bar supports
7.2 (iii) (f) Bus bar clearances
7.2 (iii) (g) Bus bar marking
7.2 (iv) Expansion joint
7.2 (v) Thrust Pads
7.2 (vi) Mounting
7.2 (vii) Construction features
7.2 (viii) Installation of rising mains
7.2 (ix) Commissioning
7.3 Bus trunking
7.3.1 Application
7.3.2 Materials
7.3.2.1 Enclosure
7.3.2.2 Bus bars and supports
7.3.3 Construction
7.3.3.1 Enclosure
7.3.3.2 Expansion joint/exible termination
7.3.4 Installation
7.4 Overhead busbar system
7.4.1 Application
7.4.2 Materials
7.4.2.1 Enclosure
7.4.2.2 Bus bars and supports
204
7.4.3 Construction
7.4.4 Plug-in boxes
7.4.5 Installation
7.4.6 Earthing
7.4.7 Danger notice board
7.4.8 Pre-commissioning checks
8. EARTHING
8.0 Scope
8.1 Application
8.2 Types of electrodes and material
8.2.1 Earth electrodes
8.2.1.1 Types
8.2.1.2 Electrode materials and dimensions
8.2.2 Earthing conductor & sizes
8.2.3 Earth continuity / loop earthing conductor and sizes
8.3 Location for earth electrodes
8.4 Installation
8.4.1 Electrodes
8.4.1.1 Various types of electrodes
8.4.1.2 Articial treatment of soil
8.4.1.3 Watering arrangement
8.4.2 Earthing conductor (Main earthing lead)
8.4.3 Loop Earthing/ Earth continuity conductor
8.5 Earth Resistance
8.6 Marking
8.7 Use of Residual Current Devices (RCDs)
9. PROTECTION OF BUILDING AGAINST LIGHTNING
9.0 Scope
9.1 Application
9.2 Principal components
9.3 Materials
9.3.1 Protection against corrosion
9.3.2 Restriction about use of aluminium
9.3.3 Use of GI/ Copper/ Copper clad steel as air termination
9.3.4 Shape and size of conductors
205
9.4 Layout
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Air terminations
9.4.3 Down conductors
9.5 Installation
9.5.1 General
9.5.2 Air terminations
9.5.3 Down conductors
9.5.4 J oints and bonds
9.5.4.1 J oints
9.5.4.2 Bonds
9.5.5 Test joints
9.5.6 Earth termination network
10. SAFETY PROCEDURE
10.1 Indian Electricity Rules compliance
10.2 Safety procedures and practices
10.3 (a) Schematic diagram
10.3 (b) Keep premises clean
10.3 (c) Electrical shafts
10.3 (d) Protected premises
10.3 (e) Frontage of area
10.4 Inammable materials
10.5 Rubber or insulating mats
10.6 Protective and safety equipments
10.7 Caution boards
10.8 First aid boxes
10.9 Periodical examination of the rst aid facilities
10.10 Charts
10.11 Names, address and telephone numbers
10.12 Training of supervisory staff
10.13 New recruits
10.14 Refresher course
10.15 Preventive maintenance
10.16 Electrical wiring and control switches
10.17 Reports and registers
10.18 Live installation
10.19 Handling of live LT switch board
206
10.20 Insulated tools
10.21 Marking of switch board
10.22 Precautions
10.23 Energising an installation
10.24 Electrical accidents and shock
10.25 Articial respiration
10.26 Instructions
10.27 Imparting of instructions
11. FIRE HAZARDS
11.1 Main pre-requisites
11.2 Instructions to be followed
12. ENERGY CONSERVATION
12.1 Lighting and controls
12.1.1 Lighting design
12.1.2 Efcient lamp selection
12.2 Lighting controls
12.2.1 Automatic lighting shutoff
12.2.2 Space control
12.2.3 Day-lighting controls
12.2.4 Exterior lighting control
12.2.5 Lighting control devices
12.3 Efcient Motors
12.4 Metering
13. MAINTENANCE
13.1 Organised maintenance
13.2 Importance of maintenance
13.3 General guidelines
14. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
14.1 Cleanliness
14.2 Schematic diagram
14.3 Loose wiring
14.4 Overloading
14.5 Preventive maintenance of switch board & DBs
14.6 Multistorey building
14.7 Preventive Maintenance schedule
14.8 Manning/supervision
14.9 Maintenance of log records
207
14.10 Safety measures
14.11 Annual inspection
14.12 Replacement of outlived equipment
14.13 Survey report
14.14 Display of telephone numbers
14.15 Employment of skilled personnel
14.16 Repair
14.17 Compound lighting
14.18 Periodicity of items of work
15. PAINTING
15.0 Scope
15.1 Painting work in general
15.1.1 Paints
15.1.2 Preparation of the surface
15.1.3 Application
15.1.4 Precautions
15.1.5 Repainting
15.2 Painting of conduits and accessories
15.3 Repainting of ceiling fan by spray painting
16. TESTING OF INSTALLATION
16.0 Scope
16.1 General
16.1.1 Tests
16.1.2 Witnessing of tests
16.1.3 Test instruments
16.2 Insulation resistance
16.2.1 Method of testing
16.2.2 Measurement of insulation resistance
16.2.3 Limitation of insulation resistance
16.2.4 Minimum acceptable insulation resistance for whole installation
16.2.5 Insulation resistance to earth
16.2.6 Terminology regarding outlet
16.2.7 Insulation resistance for control rheostats and power appliances
16.3 Polarity test of switch
16.4 Testing of earth continuity path
16.5 Measurement of earth electrode resistance
16.6 Test certicate
COMPANION VOLUME OF GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR
ELECTRICAL WORKS
PART - I (INTERNAL)
SPACE FOR ELECTRICAL AND
MECHANICAL SERVICES
IN BUILDINGS
2013
PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY
OF
DIRECTOR GENERAL, CPWD, NEW DELHI
iii
FOREWORD
1. It is important to provide proper space for various E&M services at preliminary stage itself
in coordination with the architect. However, it is seen in many cases, space provided for
various E&M services are inadequate and in few cases they are in excess. Sometimes,
some services have been left out. Based on feedback received from a number of projects,
a uniform standard has been prepared.
2. The enclosed norms are intended only to serve as guidelines, and should not come in
the way of modications / improvements or different approach as required for specic
applications as per the judgement of planning engineers.
3. Suggestions / comments will be gratefully received.
4. I appreciate the efforts put in by Shri J . K. Choudhury, Chief Engineer (E) for preparation
of this Booklet.
5. This has been approved by 38th Specication Committee held on 9th/10th October, 2002
vide agenda Item 30.0.5.
C. K. VARMA
CHIEF ENGINEER (E) CSQ
iv
Page No.
1. Introduction 1
2. Sub-Station 1
3. Wet Riser and Water Supply Pump House 3
4. Lifts 4
5. Fire Control Room / Telephone Room 4
6. Air Conditioning 5
7. Shafts 6
8. Cable Entry Pipes 7
9. SDBs 7
10. False Ceiling in Corridor 7
11. False Ceiling in Rooms 7
12. Check List 7
INDEX
ANNEXURES
Annexure I Electric Sub-Station cum Fire Pump House 9
Annexure II Electric Sub-Station Building 10
Annexure III Electric Sub-Station cum AC Plant 11
Annexure IV U.G. Wet Riser Pump Room for Positive Suction 12
Annexure V Pump Room for Wet Riser cum Water Supply 13
Annexure VI Fire Fighting and Domestic Water Storage Tank 14
Annexure VII-A Dimensions of Passenger Lifts 15
Annexure VII-B Dimensions of Goods Lifts 16
Annexure VII-C Dimensions of Hospital Lifts 17
Annexure VII-D Dimensions of Service Lifts 18
Annexure VIII Electrical Rising Main / Wet Riser Shafts 19
Annexure IX Telephone / Fire Alarm Shafts 20
Annexure X Rolling Shutter 21
Annexure XI Wet Riser Shaft Door Details 22
Annexure XII Electrical / Telephone / Fire Alarm Shaft Door Details 23
Annexure Xlll Window / Ventilator Design . 24
Annexure XIV Structural Details for AC Plants 25
Annexure XV Water Requirement for Fire Protection with Wet Riser/Down
Corner System 27
Annexure XVI 12 Minimum Fire Safety Measures as per National Building Code 28
1
SPACE FOR ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL SERVICES
IN BUILDINGS
1. INTRODUCTION
E&M services generally provided in a building:
(a) Electric sub-station, power distribution system.
(b) Generating sets.
(c) Lifts.
(d) AC plant including central plant, package plant, split /window AC units.
(e) Ventilation system.
(f) U.P.S. / Voltage stabilizer.
(g) Water supply pumps.
(h) Wet riser system for re protection.
(i) Fire detection, alarm, PA system for re protection.
(j) Communication system.
(k) Computer cabling and allied works.
(l) Building security system including CCTV, access control, burglar alarm system.
(m) Building automation system.
(n) External lighting, road lighting, compound lighting, garden lighting, area lighting, high
mast lighting and other specialised lighting.
(o) Auditorium lighting, acoustics, stage lighting and sound system.
(p) Swimming pool equipments etc.
All these services require close coordination between civil, architectural and electrical
wings right from conceptual stage. Unless proper space is provided for these services,
they cant be provided at construction stage without adversely affecting the aesthetics of
the building and functional efciency of the services. Many services cant be provided at
all in absence of proper planning of space for various E&M services.
2. ELECTRICAL SUB-STATION
(a) Space for:
HT panel (both supply and CPWD).
Transformers.
L.T. panel.
Essential L.T. panel.
Power factor correction panel.
Generating sets.
P.O.L. Store / other store.
2
Supervisor room, toilet, workers rest room.
HT voltage correctors.
Voltage stabilizers.
UPS system including battery room.
Other equipments as required.
(b) Ventilation.
(c) Approach road around Sub-station.
(d) Extract of Table A & B of Appendix IV of CPWD Electrical Specication Part IV
(Sub-station) 2013
Area for Sub-Station
The minimum sub-station and transformer room area required for different capacities
are tabulated for general guidance. Actual area will however depend upon the particular
layout and site constraints.
The clear height required for Sub-station equipments shall be a minimum of 3.6 m.
TABLE 1
Sub-Station with Total transformer Total sub-station Suggested
transformer room area area required i/c minimum
capacity of required HVMV panel face width
transformers but
without generators
2*500 kVA 36.00 sqm 130.00 sqm 14.5 m
3*500 kVA 54.00 sqm 172.00 sqm 19.0 m
2*800 kVA 39.00 sqm 135.00 sqm 14.5 m
3*800 kVA 58.00 sqm 181.00 sqm 19.0 m
2*1000 kVA 39.00 sqm 149.00 sqm 14.5 m
3*1000 kVA 58.00 sqm 197.00 sqm 19.0 m
Area for Generating Sets
Additional area that is required for one generator is given below:
TABLE 2
Capacity Area
25 kW 56.00 sqm
48 kW 56.00 sqm
100 kW 65.00 sqm
150 kW 72.00 sqm
248 kW 100.00 sqm
3
The clear height required for the generating set room shall be a minimum of 3.6 m upto
100 kW capacity and 4.57 m for higher capacities.
(e) Location of Sub-station:
(i) Avoid basement due to likely ooding during rains (there is hardly any basement
sub-station/ AC plant, which is not affected by substantial damage due to ooding).
(ii) No parking in front of transformer and other equipments.
(iii) Easy approach to equipments.
(iv) Closer to the electrical load center and preferably in the ground oor.
(f) Future Expansion:
The sub-station design should take into account reasonable augmentation of
equipments in future.
(g) Security Precaution:
Sub-station is the heart of electrical system. Wherever required, security measures
like boundary wall and lockable gate may be provided so that unauthorized entry to
sub-station can be prohibited.
Annexure I, II & III for Sub-Station may be seen.
3. WET RISER & WATER SUPPLY PUMP HOUSE
Preferable to have underground pump house by the side of U.G. water reservoir to ensure
ooded suction. Water supply pump sets to be combined. Provide suitable ramp approach
1.5 m wide with suitable slope for easy access of heavy equipments and inspection
personnel.
Roof slab may be 500 mm above ground level with ventilators. Provide suitable water
proong to prevent seepage of water into pump house.
Preventive measures to be taken so that during heavy rains, rainwater does not get into
pump house.
Extract of Para 1.3.3 of CPWD Specications Part V: Wet Riser System for Fire Fighting:
Location and Requirements
(a) Under Ground Static Storage Tank and Pump House:
Following aspects shall be considered in deciding the location of the underground
static water storage tank and the wet riser pump house :
(i) Easy accessibility for re ghting operations.
(ii) Proximity of re pump house to the static tank.
(iii) Ease in bringing and removing equipments.
(iv) Pump house not being prone to ooding by rainwater, subsoil water.
(v) Protection of the pump house from any falling masonry and the like occasioned
by re.
(vi) Adequate ventilation for engine aspiration and to limit the temperature rise in
pump house on continuous operation.
(vii) Aesthetics.
4
To protect the pump house, it should preferably be located atleast 6 m away from
the building. Where this is not possible, this shall be enclosed with suitable masonry
structure as a part of the building to prevent spread of re into the pump room and
provide safe operation.
The re pump house should be located such that the suction for the pump is ooded.
Where this is not practical, the pump house may be constructed with negative suction
for pump, with suitable automatic priming arrangement. The size of the re pump
house should be 5.5 m x 8 m x 3.5 m, where engine driven re pump, electric motor
driven re pump and pressurization pump are installed.
The capacity and design of the static tank shall be in accordance with the provisions
of National Building Code Part IV - Fire Protection and the local Bylaws as applicable.
(See Appendix -II of CPWD Specication Part-V).
Annexure IV, V & VI for Pump House & Tank may be seen.
(b) External Piping and Hydrants:
External hydrants shall be located within 2 m to 15 m from the building to be protected
such that they are accessible and may not be damaged by vehicles. A spacing of
about 45 m between hydrants is generally adopted.
(c) Internal Riser and Hydrants:
Normally one wet riser is required for every 1000 sqm of covered area. However, the
maximum distance that can be served shall be 30 m from the riser.
4. LIFTS
Check Sizes As Per B.I.S.
(a) Capacity & number of lifts.
(A minimum capacity of 13 passenger lift for ofce bldg. and 8 passenger lift for
residential building). Ensure provision of goods lift.
(b) Lift well size.
(c) Pit depth.
(d) Machine room size.
(e) Over head.
(f) The oor of lift machine room shall be designed for a uniform load of 1000 kg/sqm.
(g) Lift pit to be water proofed.
(h) No structural member intrusions into lift well, like column, beam projections which
compromise lift well dimensions.
Annexure VII-a, VII-b, VIl-c, VII-d may be seen.
5. FIRE CONTROL ROOM / TELEPHONE ROOM
(a) Telephone room: 4 m x 3 m.
(b) Fire control room: 4 m x 3 m preferable location near entrance lobby.
Note: Fire control room is a statutory requirement as per national building code.
Annexure IX may be seen.
5
6. AIR CONDITIONING
(a) Air-conditioning is maintenance of specied inside conditions: temperature, relative
humidity, air changes and air quality.
Air-conditioning also includes winter heating and clean air system.
(b) Depending upon specic requirements, following systems of air-conditioning are
followed:
(i) Window type AC Units.
(ii) Split type AC Units.
(iii) Package type AC Units.
(iv) Central AC System.
(c) Their brief applications are as below:
(i) Window type Units: Suitable for individual isolated rooms. Consumes very high
amount of power. No relative humidity control. Very little control over air quality.
Suitable for area upto 100 Sqm.
(ii) Split Units: They are same as window type units, except that the compressor units
are located away from evaporator (fan) units. The noise of compressor is kept
away. Energy wasteful.
(iii) Package type: They are mini and compact central plants available up to 10-Ton
capacity. This system is suitable for areas between 100 to 1000 sqm.
(iv) Central AC Plants: They are suitable for large areas. Excellent control over
temperature, humidity, clean air, air changes, noise control, uniform distribution
and have energy efciency. A properly designed central AC system will be reliable,
effective and efcient. Hence for air-conditioning areas in excess of 1000 sqm,
central AC plant is preferred.
(d) Comparison of Systems
TABLE 3
Normal Life Energy Humidity Air
Consumption Control Changes
Index
Central AC Plant 20 Yrs 100 Yes Yes
Package Plant 10 Yrs 130 Yes Yes
Split/ Window AC Unit 7 Yrs 150 No No
The central plants are designed with suitable standby systems to give reliable service.
Properly designed buildings also will reduce ingress of heat, hence the heat load also
is reduced by as much as 25%, in case of central plant.
For example, a properly designed building with 200 ton AC load, working 8 hr/day, 250
days/ year will consume approximately 4 Lac units of electricity per year which comes
to Rs.16 Lac/year. If the same building is air-conditioned with window type AC units/
split type units, without proper insulation of the building, the energy cost is likely to be
60% more.
6
(e) The space & structural requirements for air-conditioning works vary considerably with
the systems adopted. It is therefore advisable to study individual cases and decide
accordingly in consultation with the manufacturers, if necessary. However, a general
guideline is given in Annexure XIV for the purpose of preliminary design/ drawing.
(i) Space for:
A/C plant room, cooling tower, make up water tank, air handling units, shaft for
chilled water lines.
(ii) Shaft, space, false ceiling for ducts, air tightness of doors & windows in air-
conditioned areas & AHU rooms.
(iii) Clear height of 3.4 m in corridor/ air conditioned space, as the case may be to
accommodate supply air duct and return air path.
(iv) Thermal insulation of ceiling and walls of air-conditioned area/ AHU rooms
wherever necessary.
(v) Acoustic insulation for AHU rooms.
(vi) Co-ordination of false ceiling work.
(vii) Availability of water supply for cooling towers.
(viii) Ventilation of AC plant room.
(ix) Approach road around plant room.
(x) Drainage of AHU room, fresh air opening in AHU room.
(xi) Opening for WT AC units. (Annexure Xlll).
(xii) Space for split AC condensing units and route and entry for inter-connection of
indoor & outdoor units.
7. SHAFTS
(a) Shaft Details:
(i) Electrical rising main shaft: 2.2 x 0.8 m for accommodating normal & essential
supply rising mains.
(ii) Wet riser shaft: 1.2 m * 0.8 m.
(iii) Telephone shaft: 0.6 m * 0.3 m
(iv) Fire alarm shaft: 0.6 m * 0.3 m.
(v) Computer cabling shaft: 0.6 m * 0.3 m.
Please see Annexure VIII & IX.
(b) Door for Shafts:
Door for Wet riser shaft may be provided as per Annexure XI. Provide steel door
frame & steel doors with locking arrangement for other shafts. Doors to open towards
corridor.
Please see Annexure XI & Annexure XII.
Note: No wooden doors shall be used since they pose re risk.
(c) Location of Shafts:
(i) Fire Alarm Shaft: It shall be located in the lift lobby/common area and preferably
can start from re control room.
7
(ii) Telephone Shaft: Preferable to start from telephone room.
(iii) Shaft shall be in common area and not inside any room, so that they are
accessible to service personnel even after ofce hours.
(iv) Away from water/ drainage shafts. Not to be exposed to rains etc.
8. CABLE ENTRY PIPES
Provide For:
(a) Cable entry into sub-station.
(b) Sub-station to rising main shafts.
(c) Cable entry into telephone room.
(d) Wet riser pump to wet riser shafts.
9. S.D.Bs
Shall be recessed in walls nearest to load and nitches for the same are not required.
10. FALSE CEILING IN CORRIDOR
When services like telephone/ computer/ electrical cables have to be taken in the corridor,
it is better to provide false ceiling, so that the service cables are properly covered and
dont present a shabby look. Also it helps in laying additional cables in later years.
11. FALSE CEILING IN ROOMS
Light ttings, AC diffusers, re detectors, P.A. speakers will be xed on false ceiling.
Therefore it is necessary to locate all these xtures to give a symmetrical and aesthetic
look. False ceiling materials should be of re resistance type.
12. CHECKLIST
(a) Electrical sub-station.
(b) Wet riser pump house.
Water supply pump house.
(c) Lift:
(i) Number.
(ii) Capacity.
(iii) Shaft dimensions.
(iv) M/c. Room dimensions.
(v) Pit depth.
(vI) Overhead.
(vii) No intrusion of structural members into lift shaft /pitch etc.
(viii) Water proong of lift pit.
(d) Fire control room and telephone room.
8
(e) Shafts:
(i) Electrical rising main shaft.
(ii) Wet riser shaft.
(iii) Telephone shaft.
(iv) Fire alarm shaft.
(v) Computer cabling.
(f) Doors for shafts.
(g) Location of shafts.
(h) Service-entry pipes.
(i) Central air-conditioning:
(i) AC plant room.
(ii) Cooling tower location.
(iii) AHU room.
(iv) AHU room drainage, fresh air opening.
(v) Chiller pipes shaft, chiller pipe entry into building.
(vi) False ceiling co-ordination.
(vii) Ceiling height to accommodate ducting.
(viii) Water requirement.
(ix) Routes of piping/cable.
(x) Thermal/acoustic insulation.
(xi) Airtightness of windows/ doors. It is proper to provide double glazed window
panes for insulation.
(j) Split AC Units:
(i) Location of condensing units.
(ii) Interconnection of condensing and indoor units nalisation of route.
(k) Window Type AC Units: Window frames compatible with opening for window type AC
units.
(l) Corridor false ceiling to cover service cables.
(m) False ceiling to symmetrically provide for AC diffuser, re detectors, light ttings and
P.A. speakers. False ceiling material should be re resistant.
(n) Water supply co-ordination: Drinking water, toilet water, horticulture, re ghting, air-
conditioning, assessment of water requirements, location of tanks, O.H. tanks and
pumping arrangements.
(o) Co-ordination of various service pipe/ cable routes: Coordination of water supply,
storm water, drain water, sewerage, electricity, telephone, computer, wet riser pipes,
air-conditioning cables/ pipes xing their routes, so that the service/ cable pipes are
co-ordinated and various executing agencies dont clash over routes.
9
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14
ANNEXURE VI
Typical Arrangement for Providing Combined Fire Fighting and
Domestic Water Storage Tank
Part IV : Fire Protection National Building Code
3B WITH POSITIVE SUCTION
3A WITH NEGATIVE SUCTION
FIRE PUMP
PRIME MOVER
MANHOLE
SUCTION
OVERFLOW
AND VENT
BAFFLE
FOOT VALVES
OVERFLOW
AND VENT
SLOPE SLOPE
FIRE
FIGHTING
TANK
SEPARATION WALL
G.L.
DOMESTIC WATER
SUPPLY TANK
(OTHER THAN
DRINKING WATER)
DOMESTIC WATER
SUPPLY TANK
(OTHER THAN
DRINKING WATER)
SEPARATION WALL
TO DOMESTIC
FIRE PUMP
SUCTION
SLUICE VALVE
CLEANING HOLE
WITH BOLTED COVER
BAFFLE
WALL
TOWN MAIN SUPPLY
SLUICE VALVE
PRIME
MOVER
FIRE PUMP
MANHOLE
FIRE
FIGHTING
TANK
G.L.
TOWN MAIN
SUPPLY
15
ANNEXURE VII-A
Recommended Dimensions of Passenger Lifts
Hoisting
beams/Hooks
Trap Door
Hoisting
Hook
Trap Door
Switches
EQ EQ
Machine Room Entrance
MACHINE ROOM WIDTH
H
o
i
s
t
i
n
g

B
e
a
m
s
M
A
C
H
I
N
E

R
O
O
M

D
E
P
T
H
Terrace Level
Underside
of Machine
Room Slab
OVERHEAD
E
N
T
R
A
N
C
E
TRAVEL
TOP LANDING
Sill Projection
RCC / Steel
BOTTOM LANDING
PIT DEPTH
Trap Door
5
0

m
m
2500 mm
2
0
0
0

m
m
150 mm
900 mm
150 mm E
B
A
C
D
150 mm
PLAN
ELEVATION
LOAD CAR INSIDE LIFT WELL ENTRANCE
Persons Kg. A B C D E
4 272 1100 700 1900 1300 700 (min)
6 408 1100 1000 1900 1700 700 (min)
8 544 1300 1100 1900 1900 800
10 680 1300 1350 1900 2100 800
13 884 2000 1100 2500 1900 900
16 1088 2000 1300 2500 2100 1000
20 1360 2000 1500 2500 2400 1000
All Dimensions in millimetres
Recommended dimension for Pit, Overhead and Machine Room for Passenger Lifts
SPEED IN M/S Upto .70 >.7 <=1 >1<=1.5 >1.5<=1.75 >1.75 <=2 >2<=2.5
PIT DEPTH 1350 1500 1600 2150 2200 2500
OVERHEAD 4200 4250 4800 4800 5200 5400
MACHINE ROOM DEPTH D+2000 D+2500
MACHINE ROOM WIDTH C+1000 C+1200 C+1500
Note:
1. The total headroom has been calculated on the basis of car height of 2.3 m.
2. In the case of manually operated doors, clear entrance will be reduced by the amount of projection of the landing door.
3. All dimensions given above for lifts having centre opening power operated doors with counterweight at rear, are recommended
dimensions primarily for architects and building planners. Any variations mutually agreed between manufacturer and purchaser
are permitted. However, variation in :
(i) Car inside dimension shall be within the maximum area limits specied in 5 of IS 14665 (Part 3/Sec. 1).
(ii) Entrance width on higher side is permitted.
(iii) Entrance width on lower side is permitted upto 100 mm subject to minimum of 700 mm.
4. Dimensions of pit depth and overhead may differ in practice as per individual manufacturer design depending upon load, speed
and drive. However, the pit depth and overhead shall be such as to conform to the requirements of bottom clearance and top
clearance of IS 14665 (Part 2/Sec. 1).
16
OVERHEAD
E
N
T
R
A
N
C
E
TRAVEL
PIT DEPTH
TOP LANDING
BOTTOM LANDING
MACHINE ROOM =C+2000 mm
M
A
C
H
I
N
E

R
O
O
M

=

D
+
2
5
0
0

m
m
2
0
0
0

m
m
3
0
0

m
m
2500 mm
E
A
C
ANNEXURE VII-B
Recommended Dimensions of Goods Lifts
(For Speed upto 1.5 m/s)
D B
ELEVATION
PLAN
Kg. A B C D E
500 1100 1200 1900 1500 1100
1000 1400 1800 2300 2100 1400
1500 1700 2000 2600 2300 1700
2000 1700 2500 2600 2800 1700
2500 2000 2500 2900 2800 2000
3000 2000 3000 2900 3300 2000
4000 2000 3000 3400 3300 2500
5000 2500 3600 3400 3900 2500
Note:
1. The width of the machine room shall be equal to the lift well width C subject to minimum of 2500 mm.
2. The total headroom has been calculated on the basis of car height of 2.2 m.
3. Clear entrance width E is based on vertical lifting car door and vertical biparting landing doors. For collapsible mid-bar doors the
clear entrance width will be reduced by 200 mm (maximum 1800 mm)
4. All dimensions given above are recommended dimensions primarily for architects and building planners. Any variations mutually
agreed between manufacturers and purchaser are permitted. However, variation in car inside dimensions shall be within the
maximum areas limits specied in IS 14665 (Part 3/Sec. 1).
clearance of IS 14665 (Part 2/ Sec. 1).
17
OVERHEAD
E
N
T
R
A
N
C
E
TRAVEL
PIT DEPTH
TOP LANDING
BOTTOM LANDING
MACHINE ROOM =C+1500 mm
M
A
C
H
I
N
E

R
O
O
M

=

D
+
2
5
0
0

m
m
2
0
0
0

m
m
2500 mm
ANNEXURE VII-C
Recommended Dimensions of Hospital Lifts
ELEVATION
Note:
1. The total headroom has been claculated on the basis of car height of 2.2 m.
2. In the case of manually operated doors, clear entrance will be reduced by the amount of projection of the landing door.
3. Although 15 persons capacity lift is not standard one, this is included to cover lifts of smaller capacity which can be used in
hospitals.
4. All dimensions given above are recommended dimensions primarily for architects and building planners. Any variations mutually
agreed between manufacturer and purchaser are permitted. However, variation in car inside dimensions shall be within the
maximum area limits specied in IS 14665 (Part 3/Sec. 1).
clearance of IS 14665 (Part 2/ Sec. 1).
Persons Kg. A B C D E
15 1020 1000 2400 1800 3000 800
20 1360 1300 2400 2200 3000 1200
26 1768 1600 2400 2400 3000 1200
D
B
E
A
C
PLAN
18
E
N
T
R
A
N
C
E
H H
TRAVEL
TOP LANDING
BOTTOM LANDING
(SERVICE LEVEL)
(SERVICE LEVEL)
FLOOR LEVEL
MACHINE ROOM =C+
M
A
C
H
I
N
E

R
O
O
M

(
m
i
n

1
1
5
0
)
1200 mm
4400 mm
750 mm
750 mm
E
A
C
ANNEXURE VII-D
Recommended Dimensions of Service Lifts
D
B
ELEVATION
Kg. A B H C D E
700 700 700 800 1200 900 700
800 800 800 900 1300 1000 800
900 900 900 1000 1400 1100 900
1000 1000 1000 1000 1500 1200 1000
Note:
Entrance width E is based on assumption of provision of vertical biparting doors (no car door is normally provided).
PLAN
19
Ess-LT
Panel
Non Ess-
LT Panel
40 cm * 25 cm cuts in
slab for rising
main to pass non-
ESS/ESS. R.MAIN
200 mm * 200 mm
Cut in slab
Hose
Cabinet
Door (details in Annexure XII)
Door
(details in Annexure XII)
80 cm
250 cm
5 cm
5 cm 5 cm
120 cm
5 cm
5 cm 5 cm
80 cm
ANNEXURE VIII
Electrical Rising Main and Wet Riser Shaft
ELECTRICAL RISING MAIN SHAFT
WET RISER SHAFT
one for 1000 sq.mtrs Floor Area
20
ANNEXURE IX
Telephone & Fire Control Room
FIRE ALARM SHAFT
DETAILS
TELEPHONE SHAFT
DETAILS
50 mm WIDE
CUTS IN SLAB
FIRE CONTROL ROOM
Door Door
Window Window
FIRE ALARM
SHAFT
TELEPHONE
SHAFT
TELEPHONE ROOM
600 mm
4.00 M
3.00 M
4.00 M
300 mm
600 mm
21
ANNEXURE X
Rolling Shutter for Sub-Station
VENTILATOR
GRILL
2800 to
3000 mm
300 mm
500 mm
500 mm
300 mm
22
ANNEXURE XI
Wet Riser Shaft Door Details
GLASS VISION
PANEL
HOSE REEL ETC.
LOCKING
ARRANGEMENT
STEEL SHUTTER
2000 mm
1250 mm
1200 mm
23
ANNEXURE XII
Electrical Shaft Door and Telephone Fire Alarm Shaft Door
VENTILATION LOUVER
WITH J ALI INSIDE
LOCKING ARRANGEMENT
FOLDABLE DOOR
(STEEL)
FOLDABLE DOOR HINGES
(DOOR OPENS OUTSIDE)
VENTILATION LOUVER WITH
J ALI INSIDE
LOCKING ARRANGEMENT
DOOR (STEEL)
2000 mm
2200 mm
2000 mm
600 mm
ELECTRICAL SHAFT DOOR DETAILS
TELEPHONE / FIRE ALARM SHAFT DOOR DETAILS
24
ANNEXURE XIII
Window and Ventilator Design
WINDOW DESIGN COMPATIBLE WITH INSTALLATION OF WINDOW AC UNIT
VENTILATOR DESIGN
Opening for Window
A.C. Unit
G.I./Angle Iron
Frame
Wire mesh for
ventilation
800 mm
500 mm
750 mm
500 mm
25
ANNEXURE XIV
Structural Details for Air-conditioning Plants in Ofce Buildings
(For Preliminary Drawing/Design only)
A Capacity of AC Plant (in MS ofce Building)
Basement 90 Cu Meter/ton
Ground Floor 75 Cu Meter/ton
Intermediate Floors 70 Cu Meter/ton
Top Floor 60 Cu Meter/ton
B Central Plant
(i) Size of central plant room including
weather maker
(ii) Size of central plant room excluding
weather maker
(iii) Size of weather maker room
(iv) Fresh Air opening in weather maker
room
(v) (a) Main supply and return duct
(Taken together)
(b) Supply grills (height 20 cm to
25 cm)
(c) Return grills (height 20 cm to
25 cm)
(vi) (a) Cooling tower : natural draft
(b) Cooling tower : induced draft
(vii) Cooling pond (depth 1.5 m)

(viii) Water consumption
(ix) Make up water tank
10 sqm +0.8 sqm per ton (Clear height
not less than 3.75 m below soft of beam)
5 sqm +0.5 sqm per ton
5 sqm +0.3 sqm per ton (Clear height
not less than 3 m below soft of beam)
(above 150 tons : 0.5 sqm per ton)
0.03 sqm per ton
0.10 sqm per ton
0.10 sqm per ton
0.12 sqm per ton
0.40 sqm per ton
0.15 sqm per ton
1.0 sqm per ton
20 litre per tone per hour
12 hrs./ 8 hrs. storage capacity for 24 hrs./
12 hrs. operation respectively. Bottom
level shall be 2 m above the cooling tower
sump.
26
C Window type units
Size of the opening in wall 80 cm wide * 50 cm high (see annexure XIII)
D E.T.A.C. Plant
(i) Plant room 20 sqm +0.6 sqm for every 100 cum of space
to be cooled
(ii) Fresh air shaft 0.25 sqm for 100 cum of space to be cooled
(iii) Duct (masonry) 0.05 sqm for 100 cum of space to be cooled
(iv) Duct (Metal) 0.10 sqm for 100 cum of space to be cooled
E Floor Loading (Assumed Uniformly Distributed Over Entire Area of the Room)
1. Plant room (central) 3000 kg / sqm
2. Plant room for package type unit 1200 kg / sqm
(excluding pump sets & weather
maker room)
3. Pump room & weather maker 1200 kg / sqm
room
4. Cooling tower
(a) Natural draft 300 kg / ton
(b) Masonry shell induced draft 400 kg / ton
cooling tower (usually
above 100 ton)
(c) Wooden package wooden 100 kg / ton
shell/ FRP type induced type
cooling tower (usually
above 100 tons)
27
ANNEXURE XV
Water Requirement for Fire Protection with Wet Riser/Down Corner System
As per N.B. Code
TABLE 4
Residential Buildings
U.G. Water Storage Tank Static Terrace Tank
Above 15 m upto 30 m 50,000 lts 10,000 lts
Above 30 m upto 45 m 1,00,000 lts 20,000 lts
Above 45 m 2,00,000 lts 40,000 lts
Business Building
U.G. Water Storage Tank Static Terrace Tank
(50,000 lts if covered area in
G.F. is less than 300 sq. m.)
Above 45 m 2,50,000 lts 50,000 lts
TABLE 5
28

ANNEXURE XVI
12 minimum Fire Safety Measures as per National Building Code
1. Means of acess
2. Underground / overhead water static tanks
3. Automatic Sprinklers system
4. First-aid Hose Reels
5. Fire extinguishers of ISI certication marks
6. Compartmentation
7. Automatic re detection and alarm system/ manually operated electrical re alarm system
8. Public address system
9. Illuminated exit way marking signs
10. Alternate source of electric supply
11. Fire lift with reman switch
12. Wet rise/down corner system.

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