Jntu Kakinada Ecm Syllabus

2007-2008
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

KAKINADA.
B.TECH. ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
I Year
COURSE STRUCTURE
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CODE SUBJECT T P/D C

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English 2+1* - 4
Mathematics – I 3 +1* - 6
Mathematical Methods 3+1 * - 6
Applied Physics 2+1* - 4
C Programming and Data Structures 3+1* - 6
Network Analysis 2+1* - 4
Electronic Devices and Circuits 3+1* - 6
Engineering Drawing - 3 4
Computer Programming Lab - 3 4
IT Workshop - 3 4
Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab - 3 4
English Language Communication skills Lab - 3 4
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TOTAL 25 15 56
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1
KAKINADA.
ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
II Year I Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE
______________________________________________________________________________________
CODE SUBJECT T P C
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Mathematics – III 4+1* - 4

Probability Theory and Stochastic Processes 4+1 * - 4
Environmental Studies 4+1 * - 4
Electrical Technology 4+1* - 4
Switching Theory and Logic Design 4+1* - 4
Advanced Data Structures 4+1* - 4
Advanced Data Structures Lab. - 3 2
Electrical Technology Lab - 3 2
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TOTAL 30 6 28
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II Year II Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE
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CODE SUBJECT T P C
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Principles of Communications 4+1* - 4
Control Systems 4+1* - 4
Computer Organization 4+1* - 4
Signals and Systems 4+1* - 4
Pulse and Digital Circuits 4+1* - 4
Object Oriented Programming 4+1* - 4
Pulse and Digital Circuits Lab - 3 2
Object Oriented Programming Lab - 3 2
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TOTAL 30 6 28
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2
KAKINADA
III Year I Semester

COURSE STRUCTURE
_____________________________________________________________________________________
CODE SUBJECT T P C
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis 4+1* - 4
Digital Signal Processing 4+1* - 4
Microprocessors and Interfacing 4+1* - 4
Linear and Digital IC Applications 4+1* - 4
Computer Graphics 4+1* - 4
Operating Systems 4+1* - 4
IC Applications Lab - 3 2
Advanced English Communication Skills Lab - 3 2
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TOTAL 30 6 28
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III Year II Semester

COURSE STRUCTURE
_____________________________________________________________________________________
CODE SUBJECT T P C
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Management Science 4+1* - 4

Computer Networks 4+1* - 4
Embedded and Real Time Systems 4+1* - 4
Digital Image Processing 4+1* - 4
Software Engineering 4+1* - 4
Design and Analysis of Algorithms 4+1* - 4
Microprocessors and Interfacing Lab - 3 2
Computer Networks and Operating Systems Lab - 3 2
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TOTAL 30 6 28
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3
KAKINADA.
IV Year I Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE
____________________________________________________________________________________
CODE SUBJECT T P C
____________________________________________________________________________________
VLSI Design 4+1* - 4
UNIX Programming 4+1* - 4
Database Management Systems 4+1* - 4
Automata and Compiler Design 4+1* - 4
Elective – I 4+1* - 4
EM waves and Transmission Lines
Artificial Intelligence
Cellular and Mobile Communications
Elective – II 4+1* - 4
DSP Processors and Architectures
Neural Networks
Mobile Computing
Digital Signal Processing Lab - 3 2
Electronic Computer Aided Design Lab - 3 2
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TOTAL 30 6 28
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IV Year II Semester
COURSE STRUCTURE
____________________________________________________________________________________
CODE SUBJECT T P C
____________________________________________________________________________________
Advanced Computer Architecture 4+1* - 4
Elective – III 4+1* - 4
Client Server Computing
Wireless Communications and Networks
Information Security
Elective – IV 4+1* - 4
Digital Design Through Verilog
Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation
Data Warehousing and Data Mining
Industry Oriented Mini Project - - 2

Seminar - - 2
Project Work - - 10
Comprehensive Viva - - 2
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TOTAL 15 3 28
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4
KAKINADA
I Year B.Tech ECM T P C
2+1* 0 4
ENGLISH
1. INTRODUCTION :
In view of the growing importance of English as a tool for global communication and the consequent
emphasis on training students to acquire communicative competence, the syllabus has been designed to
develop linguistic and communicative competence of Engineering students. The prescribed books and the
exercises are meant to serve broadly as students’ handbooks.
In the English classes, the focus should be on the skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking and for
this the teachers should use the text prescribed for detailed study. For example, the students should be
encouraged to read the texts/selected paragraphs silently. The teachers can ask comprehension questions
to stimulate discussion and based on the discussions students can be made to write short
paragraphs/essays etc.
The text for non-detailed study is for extensive reading/reading for pleasure by the students. Hence, it is
suggested that they read it on their own with topics selected for discussion in the class. The time should be
utilized for working out the exercises given after each section , as also for supplementing the exercises with
authentic materials of a similar kind for example, from newspaper articles, advertisements, promotional
material etc.. However, the stress in this syllabus is on skill development and practice of language skills.
2. OBJECTIVES:
a. To improve the language proficiency of the students in English with emphasis on LSRW skills.
b. To equip the students to study academic subjects with greater facility through the theoretical and practical
components of the English syllabus.
c. To develop the study skills and communication skills in formal and informal situations.
3. SYLLABUS :
Listening Skills:
Objectives
1. To enable students to develop their listening skill so that they may appreciate its role in the LSRW skills
approach to language and improve their pronunciation
2. To equip students with necessary training in listening so that can comprehend the speech of people of
different backgrounds and regions
Students should be given practice in listening to the sounds of the language to be able to recognise them, to
distinguish between them to mark stress and recognise and use the right intonation in sentences.
• Listening for general content
• Listening to fill up information
• Intensive listening
• Listening for specific information
Speaking Skills :
Objectives
1. To make students aware of the role of speaking in English and its contribution to their success.
2. To enable students to express themselves fluently and appropriately in social and professional
contexts.
• Oral practice
• Describing objects/situations/people
• Role play – Individual/Group activities (Using exercises from all the nine units of the prescribed text:
Learning English : A Communicative Approach.)
• Just A Minute(JAM) Sessions.
Reading Skills:
Objectives
1. To develop an awareness in the students about the significance of silent reading and
comprehension.
5
2. To develop the ability of students to guess the meanings of words from context and grasp the
overall message of the text, draw inferences etc.
• Skimming the text

• Understanding the gist of an argument
• Identifying the topic sentence
• Inferring lexical and contextual meaning
• Understanding discourse features
• Recognizing coherence/sequencing of sentences
NOTE : The students will be trained in reading skills using the prescribed text for detailed study.
They will be examined in reading and answering questions using ‘unseen’ passages which
may be taken from the non-detailed text or other authentic texts, such as
magazines/newspaper articles.
Writing Skills :
Objectives
1. To develop an awareness in the students about writing as an exact and formal skill
2. To equip them with the components of different forms of writing, beginning with the lower order ones.
• Writing sentences
• Use of appropriate vocabulary
• Paragraph writing
• Coherence and cohesiveness
• Narration / description
• Note Making
• Formal and informal letter writing
• Editing a passage
4. TEXTBOOKS PRESCRIBED:
In order to improve the proficiency of the student in the acquisition of the four skills mentioned above, the
following texts and course content, divided into Eight Units, are prescribed:
For Detailed study

1. LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, KAKINADA: Orient Longman, 2006. (Six
Selected Lessons)
For Non-detailed study
2. WINGS OF FIRE: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, Abridged version with Exercises,
Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2004.
A. STUDY MATERIAL:
Unit –I
1. Astronomy from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005.
2. Chapters 1-4 from Wings of Fire: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, an abridged version with
Exercises, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2004
Unit –II
3. Information Technology from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman,
2005.
4. Chapters 5-8 from Wings of Fire: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, an abridged version with
Exercises, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2004
Unit –III
5. Humour from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005.
6. Chapters 9-12 from Wings of Fire: An Autobiography – APJ Abdul Kalam, an abridged version
with Exercises., Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2004
Unit –IV
7. Environment from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005.
with Exercises, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2004
6
Unit –V
9. Inspiration from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005.
with Exercises, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd.,2004.
Unit – VI
11. Human Interest from LEARNING ENGLISH: A Communicative Approach, Orient Longman, 2005.
with Exercises, Universities Press (India) Pvt. Ltd., 2004.
* Exercises from the lessons not prescribed shall also be used for classroom tasks.
Unit – VII
Exercises on
Reading and Writing Skills
Reading Comprehension
Situational dialogues
Letter writing
Essay writing
Unit – VIII
Practice Exercises on Remedial Grammar covering
Common errors in English, Subject-Verb agreement, Use of Articles and Prepositions,
Tense and aspect
Vocabulary development covering
Synonyms & Antonyms, one-word substitutes, prefixes & suffixes, Idioms & phrases, words often
confused.
REFERENCES :
1. Strengthen Your English, Bhaskaran & Horsburgh, Oxford University Press
2. Basic Communication Skills for Technology, Andrea J Rutherfoord, Pearson Education Asia.
3. Murphy’s English Grammar with CD, Murphy, Cambridge University Press
4. English Skills for Technical Students by Orient Longman
5. Everyday Dialogues in English by Robert J. Dixson, Prentice-Hall of India Ltd., 2006.
6. English For Technical Communication, Vol. 1 & 2, by K. R. Lakshmi Narayanan, Sci tech.
Publications.
7. A Hand book of English for Engineers & Technologists by Dr. P. Eliah, B. S.
Publications.
8. Developing Communication Skills by Krishna Mohan & Meera Benerji (Macmillan)
9. Speaking and Writing for Effective Business Communication, Francis Soundararaj, MacMillan India
Ltd., 2007.
10. The Oxford Guide to Writing and Speaking, John Seely, Oxford
7
KAKINADA
3+1* 0 6
MATHEMATICS – I
UNIT – I
Differential equations of first order and first degree – exact, linear and Bernoulli. Applications to Newton’s Law
of cooling, Law of natural growth and decay, orthogonal trajectories.
UNIT – II
Non-homogeneous linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients with RHS
term of the type e ax , Sin ax, cos ax, polynomials in x, e ax V(x), xV(x), method of variation of parameters.
UNIT – III
Rolle’s Theorem – Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem – Cauchy’s mean value Theorem – Generalized Mean
Value theorem (all theorems without proof) Functions of several variables – Functional dependence- Jacobian-
Maxima and Minima of functions of two variables with constraints and without constraints
UNIT – IV
Radius, Centre and Circle of Curvature – Evolutes and Envelopes Curve tracing – Cartesian , polar and
Parametric curves.
UNIT – V
Applications of integration to lengths, volumes and surface areas in Cartesian and polar coordinates multiple
integrals - double and triple integrals – change of variables – change of order of integration.
UNIT – VI
Sequences – series – Convergences and divergence – Ratio test – Comparison test – Integral test – Cauchy’s
root test – Raabe’s test – Absolute and conditional convergence
UNIT – VII
Vector Calculus: Gradient- Divergence- Curl and their related properties of sums- products- Laplacian and
second order operators. Vector Integration - Line integral – work done – Potential function – area- surface and
volume integrals Vector integral theorems: Green’s theorem-Stoke’s and Gauss’s Divergence Theorem (With
out proof). Verification of Green’s - Stoke’s and Gauss’s Theorems.
UNIT – VIII
Laplace transform of standard functions – Inverse transform – first shifting Theorem, Transforms of derivatives
and integrals – Unit step function – second shifting theorem – Dirac’s delta function – Convolution theorem –
Periodic function - Differentiation and integration of transforms-Application of Laplace transforms to ordinary
differential equations Partial fractions-Heaviside’s Partial fraction expansion theorem.
Text Books:
1. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Vol-1 T. K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others, S.
Chand & Company.
2. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, C. Sankaraiah, V. G. S. Book Links.
3. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Shahnaz Bathul, Right Publishers.
4. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, P. Nageshwara Rao, Y. Narasimhulu & N. Prabhakar Rao,
Deepthi Publications.
References:
1. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, B. V. Raman, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Irvin Kreyszig, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
3. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Thamson Book Collection.
8
KAKINADA
3+1* 0 6
MATHEMATICAL METHODS
UNIT – I
Matrices and Linear systems of equations: Elementary row transformations-Rank-Echelon form, Normal form –
Solution of Linear Systems – Direct Methods- LU Decomposition- LU Decomposition from Gauss Elimination –
Solution of Tridiagonal Systems-Solution of Linear Systems
UNIT – II
Eigen values, eigen vectors – properties – Cayley-Hamilton Theorem - Inverse and powers of a matrix by
Cayley-Hamilton theorem – Diagonolization of matrix. Calculation of powers of matrix – Modal and spectral
matrices.
UNIT – III
Real matrices – Symmetric, skew - symmetric, orthogonal, Linear Transformation – Orthogonal
Transformation. Complex matrices: Hermitian, Skew-Hermitian and Unitary – Eigen values and eigen vectors
of complex matrices and their properties. Quadratic forms- Reduction of quadratic form to canonical form –
Rank - Positive, negative definite - semi definite - index - signature - Sylvester law.
UNIT – IV
. Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: Introduction – The Bisection Method – The Method of
False Position – The Iteration Method – Newton-Raphson Method.
Interpolation: Introduction- Errors in Polynomial Interpolation – Finite differences- Forward Differences-

Backward differences –Central differences – Symbolic relations and separation of symbols-Differences of a
polynomial-Newton’s formulae for interpolation – Central difference interpolation Formulae – Gauss Central
Difference Formulae –Interpolation with unevenly spaced points-Lagrange’s Interpolation formula.
UNIT – V
Curve fitting: Fitting a straight line –Second degree curve-exponentional curve-power curve by method of least
squares. Numerical Differentiation and Integration– Trapezoidal rule – Simpson’s 1/3 Rule –Simpson’s 3/8
Rule.
UNIT – VI
Numerical solution of Ordinary Differential equations: Solution by Taylor’s series-Picard’s Method of
successive Approximations-Euler’s Method-Runge-Kutta Methods –Predictor-Corrector Methods- Adams-
Moulton Method –Milne’s Method.
UNIT – VII
Fourier Series: Determination of Fourier coefficients – Fourier series – even and odd functions – Fourier series
in an arbitrary interval – even and odd periodic continuation – Half-range Fourier sine and cosine expansions.
Fourier integral theorem (only statement)– Fourier sine and cosine integrals. Fourier transform – Fourier sine
and cosine transforms – properties – inverse transforms – Finite Fourier transforms.
UNIT – VIII
Formation of partial differential equations by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary functions –
solutions of first order linear (Lagrange) equation and nonlinear (standard type) equations. Method of
separation of variables. z-transform – inverse z-transform - properties – Damping rule – Shifting rule – Initial
and final value theorems. Convolution theorem – Solution of difference equation by z-transforms.
Text Books:
1. Mathematical Methods, T. K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others, S. Chand & Company.
2. Mathematical Methods, C. Sankaraiah, V. G. S. Book Links.
3. A text book of Mathematical Methods, V. Ravindranath, A. Vijayalaxmi, Himalaya Publishers.
4. A text book of Mathematical Methods, Shahnaz Bathul, Right Publisshers.
References:
3. Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation, M. K. Jain, S. R. K. Iyengar & R. K.
Jain, New Age International Publishers.
4. Elementary Numerical Analysis, Aitkinson & Han, Wiely India, 3rd Edition, 2006
9
KAKINADA
2+1* 0 4
APPLIED PHYSICS
UNIT I
BONDING IN SOLIDS : Introduction - Types of bonding in solids - Estimation of cohesive energy – Madelung
constant.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION: Introduction -Space lattice - Basis - Unit cell - Lattice
parameter - Bravais lattices – Crystal systems - Structure and packing fractions of Simple cubic - Body
centered cubic – Face centered cubic crystals - Directions and planes in crystals – Miller indices - Separation
between successive [h k l] planes - Diffraction of X-rays by crystal planes - Bragg’s law - Laue method -
Powder method.
UNIT II
PRINCIPLES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS: Waves and particles - Planck’s quantum theory – de Broglie
hypothesis – Matter waves - Davisson and Germer experiment – G. P. Thomson experiment – Heisenberg
uncertainty principle - Schrödinger’s time independent wave equation - Physical significance of the wave
function - Particle in one dimensional potential box.
UNIT III
ELECTRON THEORY OF METALS: Classical free electron theory - Mean free path - Relaxation time and drift
velocity - Quantum free electron theory - Fermi-Dirac distribution (analytical) and its dependence on
temparature – Fermi energy – Electron scattering and resistance.
BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS: Bloch theorem - Kronig-Penney model (qualitative treatment) - Origin of energy
band formation in solids – Classification of materials into conductors, semi conductors & insulators - Concept
of effective mass of an electron.
UNIT IV
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES: Introduction - Dielectric constant - Electronic, ionic and orientational
polarizations - Internal fields in solids – Clausius - Mossotti equation – Dielectrics in alternating fields –
Frequency dependence of the polarizability - Ferro and Piezo electricity.
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES : Permeability - Magnetization - Origin of magnetic moment – Classification of

magnetic materials - Dia, para and ferro magnetism - Hysteresis curve - Soft and hard magnetic materials.
UNIT V
SEMICONDUCTORS : Introduction - Intrinsic semiconductor and carrier concentration – Equation for

conductivity - Extrinsic semiconductor and carrier concentration - Drift and diffusion - Einstein’s equation - Hall
effect – Direct & indirect band gap semiconductors.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: General properties - Meissner effect - Penetration depth - Type I and Type II
superconductors - Flux quantization – DC and AC Josephson effect –BCS Theory - Applications of
superconductors.
UNIT VI
LASERS: Introduction - Characteristics of Lasers - Spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation -

Einstein’s coefficients - Population inversion - Ruby laser - Helium-Neon Laser – CO2 laser -Semiconductor
Laser – Applications of lasers.
UNIT VII
FIBER OPTICS AND HOLOGRAPHY: Introduction - Principle of optical fiber - Acceptance angle and
acceptance cone - Numerical aperture – Types of optical fibers and refractive index profiles – Attenuation in
optical fibers - Application of optical fibers – Basic principles of holography – Construction and reconstruction
of image on hologram – Applications of holography.
10
UNIT VIII
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY OF NANOMATERIALS: Introduction to Nano materials - Basic principles of
Nanoscience & Technology – Fabrication of nano materials – Physical & chemical properties of nanomaterials
– Carbon nanotubes – Applications of nanotechnology.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Applied Physics 2nd edition by Dr. P. Appala Naidu & Dr. M. Chandra Shekar, V.G.S. Book links.
2. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittel ; Wiley Eastern Ltd.
3. Nanotechnology by Mark Ratner and Daniel Ratner; Pearson Education.
REFERENCES:
1. Materials Science and Engineering by V. Raghavan; Prentice-Hall India.
2. Materials Science by M. Arumugam; Anuradha Agencies.
3. Solid State Physics by N.W. Ashcroft & N. David Merwin; Thomson Learning.
4. Materials Science by M.S.Vijaya & G. Rangarajan; Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Solid State Physics by P.K. Palanisamy; Scitech Publications (India) Pvt. Ltd.
6. Nano Materials by A.K. Bandyopadhyay, New Age International Publishers.
7. Applied Physics by P.K.Mittal; I.K. International.
8. Applied Physics by K. Vijay Kumar & T. Sreekanth; S. Chand & Company Ltd.
11
KAKINADA
3+1* 0 6
C PROGRAMMING AND DATA STRUCTURES
UNIT - I
Algorithm / pseudo code, flowchart, program development steps, structure of C program, A Simple C
program, identifiers, basic data types and sizes, Constants, variables, arithmetic, relational and logical
operators, increment and decrement operators, conditional operator, bit-wise operators, assignment operators,
expressions, type conversions, conditional expressions, precedence and order of evaluation.
Input-output statements, statements and blocks, if and switch statements, loops- while, do-while and for
statements, break, continue, goto and labels, programming examples.
UNIT - II
Designing structured programs, Functions, basics, parameter passing, storage classes- extern, auto, register,
static, scope rules, block structure, user defined functions, standard library functions, recursive functions,
header files, C preprocessor, example c programs.
UNIT - III
Arrays- concepts, declaration, definition, accessing elements, storing elements, arrays and functions, two-
dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, applications of arrays. pointers- concepts, initialization of pointer
variables, pointers and function arguments, address arithmetic, Character pointers and functions, pointers to
pointers, pointers and multidimensional arrays, dynamic memory managements functions, command line
arguments, c program examples.
UNIT - IV
Derived types- structures- declaration, definition and initialization of structures, accessing structures, nested
structures, arrays of structures, structures and functions, pointers to structures, self referential structures,
unions, typedef, bitfields, C program examples.
UNIT - V
Input and output – concept of a file, text files and binary files, streams, standard I/o, Formatted I/o, file I/o
operations, error handling, C program examples.
UNIT - VI
Searching – Linear and binary search methods, sorting – Bubble sort, selection sort, Insertion sort, Quick sort,
merge sort.
UNIT – VII
Introduction to data structures, singly linked lists, doubly linked lists, circular list, representing stacks and
queues in C using arrays and linked lists, infix to post fix conversion, postfix expression evaluation.
UNIT - VIII
Trees- Binary tress, terminology, representation, traversals, graphs- terminology, representation, graph
traversals (dfs & bfs)
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Computer science, A structured programming approach using C, B.A. Forouzan and R.F. Gilberg,
Third edition, Thomson.
2. DataStructures Using C – A.S.Tanenbaum, Y. Langsam, and M.J. Augenstein, PHI/Pearson
education.
REFERENCES :
1. C& Data structures – P. Padmanabham, B.S. Publications.
2. The C Programming Language, B.W. Kernighan, Dennis M.Ritchie,
PHI/Pearson Education
3. C Programming with problem solving, J.A. Jones & K. Harrow,
dreamtech Press
4. Programming in C – Stephen G. Kochan, III Edition, Pearson Eductaion.
5. Data Structures and Program Design in C, R.Kruse, C.L. Tondo, BP Leung, Shashi M, Second
Edition, Pearson Education.
12
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
KAKINADA
2+1* 0 4
NETWORK ANALYSIS
UNIT – I Introduction to Electrical Circuits

Circuit Concept – R-L-C parameters – Voltage and Current sources – Independent and dependent sources-
Source transformation – Voltage – Current relationship for passive elements – Kirchoff’s laws – network
reduction techniques – series, parallel, series parallel, star-to-delta or delta-to-star transformation.
UNIT – IIA.C Circuits - I

R.M.S and Average values and form factor for different periodic wave forms, Steady state analysis of R, L and
C (in series, parallel and series parallel combinations) with sinusoidal excitation – Concept of self and mutual
inductances – co-efficient of coupling series circuit analysis with mutual inductance.
UNIT – III A.C Circuits - II

Resonance – series, parallel circuits, concept of band width and Q factor.
Three phase circuits: Phase sequence – Star and delta connection – Relation between line and phase
voltages and currents in balanced systems – Calculations of active and reactive power.
UNIT – IV Network topology

Definitions – Graph – Tree, Basic cutset and Basic Tieset matrices for planar networks – Loop and Nodal
methods of analysis of Networks with independent and dependent voltage and current sources - Duality &
Dual networks.
UNIT – V Network Theorems

Tellegens, Superposition, Reciprocity, Thevinin’s, Norton’s, Max Power Transfer
theorem. Milliman’s Theorem – Statement and proofs problem solving using dependent and independent
sources for d.c and a.c excitation.
UNIT – VI Two-port networks

Z,Y, ABCD, h-parameters – Conversion of one parameter to another parameter – condition for reciprocity and
symmetry – 2 port network connections in series, parallel and cascaded – problem solving.
UNIT – VII Transient Analysis

Transient response of R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits (Series combinations only) for d.c. and sinusoidal excitations –
Initial conditions - Solution using differential equation approach and Laplace transform methods of solutions.
UNIT – VIII Filters

L.P, H.P, B.P, B.E, Prototype filters design – M-derived filters of L.P. and H.P.- Composite filter design of L.P.
and H.P design of various symmetrical attenuators.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Network Analysis – ME Van Valkenburg, Prentice Hall of India, 3rd Edition, 2000.
2. Networks, Lines and Fields - JD Ryder, PHI, 2nd Edition, 1999.
REFERENCES :
1. Engineering Circuit Analysis – William Hayt and Jack E Kemmerly, McGraw Hill, 5th Edition, 1993.
2. Network Analysis – N.C.Jagan and C.Lakshminarayana, B.S. Publications, 2006.
3. Electric Circuits – J.Edminister and M.Nahvi – Schaum’s Outlines, TMH, 1999.
4. Electrical circuits by A.Chakarborthy, Dhanpath Rai & Co.,
13
KAKINADA
3+1* 0 6
ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS
UNIT-I
ELECTRON DYNAMICS AND CRO: Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields. Simple
problems involving electric and magnetic fields only. Electrostatic and magnetic focusing. Principles of CRT,
deflection sensitivity (Electrostatic and magnetic deflection), Parallel Electric and Magnetic fields,
Perpendicular Electric and Magnetic fields.
UNIT- II
JUNCTION DIODE CHARACTERISTICS : Review of semi conductor Physics – n and p –type semi
conductors, Mass Action Law, Continuity Equation, Hall Effect, Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors, Open-circuited p-n junction, The p-n junction Energy band diagram of PN diode, PN diode as
as a rectifier (forward bias and reverse bias), The current components in p-n diode, Law of junction, Diode
equation, Volt-ampere characteristics of p-n diode, Temperature dependence of VI characteristic, Transition
and Diffusion capacitances, Step graded junction, Breakdown Mechanisms in Semi Conductor (Avalanche and
Zener breakdown) Diodes, Zener diode characteristics, Characteristics of Tunnel Diode with the help of energy
band diagrams, Varactar Diode, LED, LCD. And photo diode
UNIT- III
RECTIFIERS, FILTERS AND REGULATORS : Half wave rectifier, ripple factor, full wave rectifier, Harmonic
components in a rectifier circuit, Inductor filter, Capacitor filter, L- section filter, Π- section filter, Multiple L-
section and Multiple Πsection filter, and comparison of various filter circuits in terms of ripple factors, Simple
circuit of a regulator using zener diode, Series and Shunt voltage regulators
UNIT- IV
TRANSISTOR and FET CHARACTERISTICS : Junction transistor, Transistor current components, Transistor
as an amplifier, Transistor construction, Detailed study of currents in a transistor, Transistor alpha, Input and
Output characteristics of transistor in Common Base, Common Emitter, and Common collector configurations,
Relation between Alpha and Beta, typical transistor junction voltage values, JFET characteristics (Qualitative
and Quantitative discussion), Small signal model of JFET, MOSFET characterisitics (Enhancement and
depletion mode), Symbols of MOSFET, Comparison of Transistors, Introduction to SCR and UJT.
UNIT-V
BIASING AND STABILISATION : BJT biasing, DC equivalent model, criteria for fixing operating point, Fixed
bias, Collector to base bias, Self bias techniques for stabilization, Stabilization factors, (S, S ', S'’),
Compensation techniques, (Compensation against variation in VBE, Ico,) Thermal run away, Thermal stability,
UNIT- VI
AMPLIFIERS : Small signal low frequency transistor amplifier circuits: h-parameter representation of a
transistor, Analysis of single stage transistor amplifier using h-parameters: voltage gain, current gain, Input
impedance and Output impedance. Comparison of transistor configurations in terms of AI , Ri , Av , Ro,
UNIT- VII
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS : Concept of feedback, Classification of feedback amplifiers, General
characteristics of negative feedback amplifiers, Effect of Feedback on input and output characteristics, Voltage
series, voltage shunt, current series, and current shunt feedback amplifiers with discrete components and their
analysis
UNIT-VIII
OSCILLATORS : Condition for oscillations. RC-phase shift oscillators with Transistor and FET, Hartley and
Colpitts oscillators, Wein bridge oscillator, Crystal oscillators, Frequency and amplitude stability of oscillators,
TEXT BOOKS :
14
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits – J.Millman, C.C.Halkias, and Satyabratha Jit Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd Ed.,
2007.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits – R.L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Pearson/Prentice Hall,9th
Edition,2006.
REFERENCES :
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits – T.F. Bogart Jr., J.S.Beasley and G.Rico, Pearson Education, 6th
edition, 2004.
2. Principles of Electronic Circuits – S.G.Burns and P.R.Bond, Galgotia Publications, 2nd Edn.., 1998.
3. Microelectronics – Millman and Grabel, Tata McGraw Hill, 1988.
4. Electronic Devices and Circuits – Dr. K. Lal Kishore, B.S. Publications, 2nd Edition, 2005.
5. Electronic Devices and Circuits- Prof GS N Raju I K International Publishing House Pvt .Ltd 2006
15
KAKINADA
0 3 4
ENGINEERING DRAWING
UNIT – I
Introduction to engineering graphics – construction of ellipse, parabola and hyperbola – cylindrical curves.
UNIT – II
Orthographic projections of points, lines and planes – axis inclined to one planes and inclined to both the
planes.
UNIT – III
Orthographic projections of solids :
Cylinder, cone, prism, pyramid and sphere positions and axis inclined to both the planes.
UNIT – IV
Isomeric projections of lines, planes and simple solids
UNIT – V
Conversion of orthographic views into isometric views and vice-versa.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Engineering drawings By N.D.Bhatt
2 Engineering graphics By K.L. Narayana & P.Kannayya
REFERENCES:-
1. Engineering drawing and graphics: Venugopal/ New age
2. Engineering drawing : Johle / TMH
16
KAKINADA
0 3 4
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB
Objectives:
• To make the student learn a programming language.
• To teach the student to write programs in C solve the problems
• To Introduce the student to simple linear and non linear data structures such as lists, stacks, queues,
trees and graphs.
Recommended Systems/Software Requirements:
• Intel based desktop PC

• ANSI C Compiler with Supporting Editors
Week l.
a) Write a C program to find the sum of individual digits of a positive integer.
b) A Fibonacci Sequence is defined as follows: the first and second terms in the sequence are 0 and 1.
Subsequent terms are found by adding the preceding two terms in the sequence. Write a C program to
generate the first n terms of the sequence.
c) Write a C program to generate all the prime numbers between 1 and n, where n is a value supplied by the
user.
Week 2.
a) Write a C program to calculate the following Sum:
Sum=1-x2/2! +x4/4!-x6/6!+x8/8!-x10/10!
b) Write a C program toe find the roots of a quadratic equation.
Week 3
a) Write C programs that use both recursive and non-recursive functions
i) To find the factorial of a given integer.
ii) To find the GCD (greatest common divisor) of two given integers.
iii) To solve Towers of Hanoi problem.
Week 4
a) The total distance travelled by vehicle in ‘t’ seconds is given by distance = ut+1/2at2 where ‘u’ and ‘a’ are
2
the initial velocity (m/sec.) and acceleration (m/sec ). Write C program to find the distance travelled at regular
intervals of time given the values of ‘u’ and ‘a’. The program should provide the flexibility to the user to select
his own time intervals and repeat the calculations for different values of ‘u’ and ‘a’.
b) Write a C program, which takes two integer operands and one operator form the user, performs the
operation and then prints the result. (Consider the operators +,-,*, /, % and use Switch Statement)
Week 5
a) Write a C program to find both the larges and smallest number in a list of integers.
b) Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following:
i) Addition of Two Matrices
ii) Multiplication of Two Matrices
Week 6
a) Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations:
i) To insert a sub-string in to given main string from a given position.
ii) To delete n Characters from a given position in a given string.
b) Write a C program to determine if the given string is a palindrome or not
Week 7
a) Write a C program that displays the position or index in the string S where the string T begins, or – 1 if S
doesn’t contain T.
b) Write a C program to count the lines, words and characters in a given text.
17
Week 8
a) Write a C program to generate Pascal’s triangle.
b) Write a C program to construct a pyramid of numbers.
Week 9
Write a C program to read in two numbers, x and n, and then compute the sum of this geometric progression:
1+x+x2+x3+………….+xn
For example: if n is 3 and x is 5, then the program computes 1+5+25+125.
Print x, n, the sum
Perform error checking. For example, the formula does not make sense for negative exponents – if n is less
than 0. Have your program print an error message if n<0, then go back and read in the next pair of numbers of
without computing the sum. Are any values of x also illegal ? If so, test for them too.
Week 10
a) 2’s complement of a number is obtained by scanning it from right to left and complementing all the bits after
the first appearance of a 1. Thus 2’s complement of 11100 is 00100. Write a C program to find the 2’s
complement of a binary number.
b) Write a C program to convert a Roman numeral to its decimal equivalent.
Week 11
Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations:
i) Reading a complex number
ii) Writing a complex number
iii) Addition of two complex numbers
iv) Multiplication of two complex numbers
(Note: represent complex number using a structure.)
Week 12
a) Write a C program which copies one file to another.
b) Write a C program to reverse the first n characters in a file.
(Note: The file name and n are specified on the command line.)
Week 13
Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations on singly linked list.:
i) Creation ii) Insertion iii) Deletion iv) Traversal
Week 14
Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following operations on doubly linked list.:
i) Creation ii) Insertion iii) Deletion iv) Traversal in both ways
Week 15
Write C programs that implement stack (its operations) using
i) Arrays ii) Pointers
Week 16
Write C programs that implement Queue (its operations) using
i) Arrays ii) Pointers
Week 17
Write a C program that uses Stack operations to perform the following:
i) Converting infix expression into postfix expression
ii) Evaluating the postfix expression
Week 18
Write a C program that uses functions to perform the following:
i) Creating a Binary Tree of integers
ii) Traversing the above binary tree in preorder, inorder and postorder.
18
Week 19
Write C programs that use both recursive and non recursive functions to perform the following searching
operations for a Key value in a given list of integers :
i) Linear search ii) Binary search
Week 20
Write C programs that implement the following sorting methods to sort a given list of integers in ascending
order:
i) Bubble sort ii) Quick sort
Week 21
Write C programs that implement the following sorting methods to sort a given list of integers in ascending
order:
i) Insertion sort ii) Merge sort
Week 22
Write C programs to implement the Lagrange interpolation and Newton- Gregory forward interpolation.
Week 23
Write C programs to implement the linear regression and polynomial regression algorithms.
Week 24
Write C programs to implement Trapezoidal and Simpson methods.
Text Books
1. C programming and Data Structures, P. Padmanabham, Third Edition, BS Publications
2. Data Structures: A pseudo code approach with C, second edition R.F. Gilberg and B.A. Forouzan
3. Programming in C, P.Dey & M. Ghosh, Oxford Univ.Press.
4. C and Data Structures, E Balaguruswamy, TMH publications.
19
KAKINADA
0 3 4
IT WORKSHOP
Objectives :
The IT Workshop for engineers is a 6 training lab course spread over 90 hours. The modules include training
on PC Hardware, Internet & World Wide Web and Productivity tools including Word, Excel, Power Point and
Publisher.
PC Hardware introduces the students to a personal computer and its basic peripherals, the process of
assembling a personal computer, installation of system software like MS Windows , Linux and the required
device drivers. In addition hardware and software level troubleshooting process, tips and tricks would be
covered.
Internet & World Wide Web module introduces the different ways of hooking the PC on to the internet from
home and workplace and effectively usage of the internet. Usage of web browsers, email, newsgroups and
discussion forums would be covered. In addition, awareness of cyber hygiene, i.e., protecting the personal
computer from getting infected with the viruses, worms and other cyber attacks would be introduced.
Productivity tools module would enable the students in crafting professional word documents, excel spread
sheets, power point presentations and personal web sites using the Microsoft suite of office tools and LaTeX.
PC Hardware
Week 1 – Task 1 : Identify the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its functions. Draw the
block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral and submit to your instructor.
Week 2 – Task 2 : Every student should disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition. Lab
instructors should verify the work and follow it up with a Viva. Also students need to go through the video
which shows the process of assembling a PC. A video would be given as part of the course content.
Week 3 – Task 3 : Every student should individually install MS windows on the personal computer. Lab
instructor should verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva.
Week 4 – Task 4 : Every student should install Linux on the computer. This computer should have windows
installed. The system should be configured as dual boot with both windows and Linux. Lab instructors should
verify the installation and follow it up with a Viva
Week 5 – Task 5 : Several mini tasks would be that covers Basic commands in Linux and Basic system
administration in Linux which includes: Basic Linux commands in bash, Create hard and symbolic links, Text
processing, Using wildcards
Week 6 – Task 6 : Hardware Troubleshooting : Students have to be given a PC which does not boot due to
improper assembly or defective peripherals. They should identify the problem and fix it to get the computer
back to working condition. The work done should be verified by the instructor and followed up with a Viva
Week 7 – Task 7 : Software Troubleshooting : Students have to be given a malfunctioning CPU due to
system software problems. They should identify the problem and fix it to get the computer back to working
condition. The work done should be verified by the instructor and followed up with a Viva.
Week 8 – Task 8 : The test consists of various systems with Hardware / Software related troubles, Formatted
disks without operating systems.
Internet & World Wide Web

Week 9 - Task 1 : Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp : Students should get connected to their Local
Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally students
should demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there is no internet connectivity
preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate the WWW on the LAN.
Week 10 - Task 2 : Web Browsers, Surfing the Web : Students customize their web browsers with the LAN
proxy settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like Macromedia Flash and
JRE for applets should be configured.
20
Week 11 - Task 3 : Search Engines & Netiquette : Students should know what search engines are and how
to use the search engines. A few topics would be given to the students for which they need to search on
Google. This should be demonstrated to the instructors.
Week 12 - Task 4 : Cyber Hygiene : Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet and
would be asked to configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to first install an anti virus
software, configure their personal firewall and windows update on their computer. Then they need to
customize their browsers to block pop ups, block active x downloads to avoid viruses and/or worms.
Week 13 Module Test A test which simulates all of the above tasks would be crafted and given to the
students.
LaTeX and Word

Week 14 – Word Orientation : The mentor needs to give an overview of LaTeX and Microsoft/ equivalent
(FOSS) tool word : Importance of LaTeX and MS/ equivalent (FOSS) tool Word as word Processors, Details of
the four tasks and features that would be covered in each, Using LaTeX and word – Accessing, overview of
toolbars, saving files, Using help and resources, rulers, format painter in word.
Task 1 : Using LaTeX and word to create project certificate. Features to be covered:-Formatting Fonts in
word, Drop Cap in word, Applying Text effects, Using Character Spacing, Borders and Colors, Inserting
Header and Footer, Using Date and Time option in both LaTeX and Word.
Week 15 - Task 2 : Creating project abstract Features to be covered:-Formatting Styles, Inserting table,
Bullets and Numbering, Changing Text Direction, Cell alignment, Footnote, Hyperlink, Symbols, Spell Check ,
Track Changes.
Week 16 - Task 3 : Creating a Newsletter : Features to be covered:- Table of Content, Newspaper columns,
Images from files and clipart, Drawing toolbar and Word Art, Formatting Images, Textboxes and Paragraphs
Week 17 - Task 4 : Creating a Feedback form - Features to be covered- Forms, Text Fields, Inserting
objects, Mail Merge in Word.
Week 18 - LaTeX and Word Module Test - Replicate the given document inclusive of all features
Excel
Week 19 - Excel Orientation : The mentor needs to tell the importance of MS/ equivalent (FOSS) tool Excel
as a Spreadsheet tool, give the details of the four tasks and features that would be covered in each. Using
Excel –
Accessing, overview of toolbars, saving excel files, Using help and resources
Task 1 : Creating a Scheduler - Features to be covered:- Gridlines, Format Cells, Summation, auto fill,
Formatting Text
Week 20 - Task 2 : Calculating GPA - .Features to be covered:- Cell Referencing, Formulae in excel –
average, std.deviation, Charts, Renaming and Inserting worksheets, Hyper linking, Count function,
LOOKUP/VLOOKUP
Week 21 - Task 3 : Performance Analysis - Features to be covered:- Split cells, freeze panes, group and
outline, Sorting, Boolean and logical operators, Conditional formatting
Week 22 - Task 4 : Cricket Score Card - Features to be covered:-Pivot Tables, Interactive Buttons, Importing
Data, Data Protection, Data Validation
Week 23 – Excel Module Test - Replicate the given document inclusive of all features
LaTeX and MS/equivalent (FOSS) tool Power Point

Week 24 - Task1 : Students will be working on basic power point utilities and tools which help them create
basic power point presentation. Topic covered during this week includes :- PPT Orientation, Slide Layouts,
Inserting Text, Word Art, Formatting Text, Bullets and Numbering, Auto Shapes, Lines and Arrows in both
LaTeX and Powerpoint.
Week 25 - Task 2 : Second week helps students in making their presentations interactive.Topic covered
during this week includes : Hyperlinks, Inserting –Images, Clip Art, Audio, Video, Objects, Tables and Charts
21
Week 26 - Task 3 : Concentrating on the in and out of Microsoft power point and presentations in LaTeX.
Helps them learn best practices in designing and preparing power point presentation. Topic covered during
this week includes :- Master Layouts (slide, template, and notes), Types of views (basic, presentation, slide
slotter, notes etc), Inserting – Background, textures, Design Templates, Hidden slides.
Week 27 - Task 4 : Entire week concentrates on presentation part of LaTeX and power point. Topic covered
during this week includes -Using Auto content wizard, Slide Transition, Custom Animation, Auto Rehearsing
Week 28 - Task 5 : Power point test would be conducted. Students will be given model power point
presentation which needs to be replicated (exactly how it’s asked).
Publisher
Week 29 : Help students in preparing their personal website using Microsoft/ equivalent (FOSS) tool publisher.
Topic covered during this week includes - Publisher Orientation, Using Templates, Layouts, Inserting text
objects, Editing text objects, Inserting Tables, Working with menu objects, Inserting pages, Hyper linking,
Renaming, deleting, modifying pages, Hosting website.
REFERENCES :
1. Comdex Information Technology course tool kit Vikas Gupta, WILEY Dreamtech
2. The Complete Computer upgrade and repair book,3rd edition Cheryl A Schmidt, WILEY Dreamtech
3. Introduction to Information Technology, ITL Education Solutions limited, Pearson Education.
4. PC Hardware and A+Handbook – Kate J. Chase PHI (Microsoft)
5. LaTeX Companion – Leslie Lamport, PHI/Pearson.
6. All LaTeX and others related material is available at
(a) www.sssolutions.in and
(b) www.sontisoftsolutions.org
22
KAKINADA
0 3 4
ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS LAB
PART A : (Only for viva voce Examination)

ELECTRONIC WORKSHOP PRACTICE ( in 6 lab sessions) :
1. Identification, Specifications, Testing of R, L, C Components (Colour Codes), Potentiometers, Switches
(SPDT, DPDT, and DIP), Coils, Gang Condensers, Relays, Bread Boards.
2. Identification, Specifications and Testing of Active Devices, Diodes, BJTs, Lowpower JFETs, MOSFETs,
Power Transistors, LEDs, LCDs, Optoelectronic Devices, SCR, UJT, DIACs, TRIACs, Linear and Digital ICs.
3. Soldering practice – Simple Circuits using active and passive components.
4. Single layer and Multi layer PCBs (Identification and Utility).
5. Study and operation of
• Multimeters (Analog and Digital)
• Function Generator
• Regulated Power Supplies
1. Study and Operation of CRO.
PART B : (For Laboratory examination – Minimum of 16 experiments)

1. PN Junction diode characteristics A. Forward bias B. Reverse bias.
2. Zener diode characteristics
3. Transistor CB characteristics (Input and Output)
4. Transistor CE characteristics (Input and Output)
5. Rectifier without filters (Full wave & Half wave)
6. Rectifier with filters (Full wave & Half wave)
7. FET characteristics
8. Measurement of h parameters of transistor in CB, CE, CC configurations
9. CE Amplifier
10. CC Amplifier (Emitter Follower).
11. Single stage R-C coupled Amplifier.
12. FET amplifier (Common Source)
13. Wien Bridge Oscillator
14. RC Phase Shift Oscillator
15. Feed back amplifier (Current Series).
16. Feed back amplifier (Voltage Series).
17. Hartley Oscillator.
18. Colpitts Oscillator.
19. SCR characteristics.
PART C:
Equipment required for Laboratories:
1. Regulated Power supplies (RPS) - 0-30v
2. CROs - 0-20M Hz.
3. Function Generators - 0-1 M Hz.
4. Multimeters
5. Decade Resitance Boxes/Rheostats
6. Decade Capacitance Boxes
7. Micro Ammeters (Analog or Digital) - 0-20 µA, 0-50µA, 0-100µA, 0-200µA
8. Voltmeters (Analog or Digital) - 0-50V, 0-100V, 0-250V
9. Electronic Components - Resistors, Capacitors, BJTs, LCDs, SCRs, UJTs,
FETs, LEDs,
MOSFETs,diodes(ge&sitype),transistors(npn & pnp type)
23
KAKINADA
0 3 4
ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB
The Language Lab focuses on the production and practice of sounds of language and familiarises the
students with the use of English in everyday situations and contexts.
Objectives:
1. To expose the students to a variety of self-instructional, learner-friendly modes of language
learning.
2. To help the students cultivate the habit of reading passages from the computer monitor, thus
providing them with the required facility to face computer-based competitive exams such
GRE, TOEFL, GMAT etc.
3. To enable them to learn better pronunciation through stress on word accent, intonation, and
rhythm.
4. To train them to use language effectively to face interviews, group discussions, public
speaking.
5. To initiate them into greater use of the computer in resume preparation, report writing, format-
making etc.
SYLLABUS :
The following course content is prescribed for the English Language Laboratory sessions:
1. Introduction to the Sounds of English- Vowels, Diphthongs & Consonants.
2. Introduction to Stress and Intonation.
3. Situational Dialogues / Role Play.
4. Oral Presentations- Prepared and Extempore.
5. ‘Just A Minute’ Sessions (JAM).
6. Describing Objects / Situations / People.
7. Information Transfer
8. Debate
9. Telephoning Skills.
10. Giving Directions.
Minimum Requirement:
The English Language Lab shall have two parts:
i) The Computer aided Language Lab for 60 students with 60 systems, one master console, LAN
facility and English language software for self- study by learners.
ii) The Communication Skills Lab with movable chairs and audio-visual aids with a P.A System, a
T. V., a digital stereo –audio & video system and camcorder etc.
System Requirement ( Hardware component):
Computer network with Lan with minimum 60 multimedia systems with the following specifications:
i) P – IV Processor
a) Speed – 2.8 GHZ
b) RAM – 512 MB Minimum
c) Hard Disk – 80 GB
ii) Headphones of High quality
Suggested Software:
• Cambridge Advanced Learners’ English Dictionary with CD.
• The Rosetta Stone English Library
• Clarity Pronunciation Power – Part I
• Mastering English in Vocabulary, Grammar, Spellings, Composition
• Dorling Kindersley series of Grammar, Punctuation, Composition etc.
• Language in Use, Foundation Books Pvt Ltd with CD.
• Oxford Advanced Learner’s Compass, 7th Edition
• Learning to Speak English - 4 CDs
• Microsoft Encarta with CD
• Murphy’s English Grammar, Cambridge with CD
 English in Mind, Herbert Puchta and Jeff Stranks with Meredith Levy, Cambridge
Books Suggested for English Language Lab Library (to be located within the lab in addition to the CDs
of the text book which are loaded on the systems):
1. Spoken English (CIEFL) in 3 volumes with 6 cassettes, OUP.
24
2. English Pronouncing Dictionary Daniel Jones Current Edition with CD.
3. Spoken English- R. K. Bansal and J. B. Harrison, Orient Longman 2006 Edn.
4. English Language Communication : A Reader cum Lab Manual Dr A Ramakrishna Rao, Dr G
Natanam & Prof SA Sankaranarayanan, Anuradha Publications, Chennai
5. Speaking English Effectively by Krishna Mohan & NP Singh (Macmillan)
6. A Practical Course in English Pronunciation, (with two Audio cassettes) by J. Sethi, Kamlesh
Sadanand & D.V. Jindal, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
7. A text book of English Phonetics for Indian Students by T.Balasubramanian (Macmillan)
8. English Skills for Technical Students, WBSCTE with British Council, OL
DISTRIBUTION AND WEIGHTAGE OF MARKS

English Language Laboratory Practical Paper:
1. The practical examinations for the English Language Laboratory shall be conducted as per the University
norms prescribed for the core engineering practical sessions.
2. For the Language lab sessions, there shall be a continuous evaluation during the year for 25 sessional
marks and 50 year-end Examination marks. Of the 25 marks, 15 marks shall be awarded for day-to-day
work and 10 marks to be awarded by conducting Internal Lab Test(s). The year- end Examination shall be
conducted by the teacher concerned with the help of another member of the staff of the same department of
the same institution.
25
KAKINADA
II Year B.Tech ECM I-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
MATHEMATICS – III
UNIT – I
Special functions: Gamma and Beta Functions – Their properties – evaluation of improper integrals. Bessel
functions – properties – Recurrence relations – Orthogonality. Legendre polynomials – Properties – Rodrigue’s
formula – Recurrence relations – Orthogonality.
UNIT-II
Functions of a complex variable – Continuity – Differentiability – Analyticity – Properties – Cauchy-Riemann
equations in Cartesian and polar coordinates. Harmonic and conjugate harmonic functions – Milne –
Thompson method.
UNIT-III
Elementary functions: Exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic functions and their properties – General power Z
C (c is complex), principal value.
UNIT-IV
Complex integration: Line integral – evaluation along a path and by indefinite integration – Cauchy’s integral
theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula – Generalized integral formula.
UNIT-V
Complex power series: Radius of convergence – Expansion in Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series and Laurent
series. Singular point –Isolated singular point – pole of order m – essential singularity.
UNIT-VI
Residue – Evaluation of residue by formula and by Laurent series - Residue theorem.

Evaluation of integrals of the type
∞ c + 2π
(a) Improper real integrals
∫
−∞
f ( x)dx (b)
∫
c
f (cos θ , sin θ )dθ
∞
(c)
∫−∞
e imx f ( x)dx (d) Integrals by identation.
UNIT-VII
Argument principle – Rouche’s theorem – determination of number of zeros of complex polynomials -

Maximum Modulus principle - Fundamental theorem of Algebra, Liouville’s Theorem.
UNIT-VIII
Conformal mapping: Transformation by e z , lnz, z2, z n (n positive integer), Sin z, cos z, z + a/z.
Translation, rotation, inversion and bilinear transformation – fixed point – cross ratio – properties – invariance
of circles and cross ratio – determination of bilinear transformation mapping 3 given points .
TEXT BOOKS:
1. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Vol-III T. K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others, S.
Chand & Company.
2. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, C. Sankaraiah, V. G. S. Book Links.
3. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Shahnaz Bathul, Prentice Hall of India.
4. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, P. Nageshwara Rao, Y. Narasimhulu & N. Prabhakar Rao,
Deepthi Publications.
REFERENCES:
3. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Thamson Book Collection.
26
KAKINADA.
4+1* 0 4
PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
UNIT I
PROBABILITY : Probability introduced through Sets and Relative Frequency: Experiments and Sample
Spaces, Discrete and Continuous Sample Spaces, Events, Probability Definitions and Axioms, Mathematical
Model of Experiments, Probability as a Relative Frequency, Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, Total
Probability, Bayes’ Theorem, Independent Events:
UNIT II
THE RANDOM VARIABLE : Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for a Function to be a Random
Variable, Discrete and Continuous, Mixed Random Variable, Distribution and Density functions, Properties,
Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Conditional Distribution, Methods of defining
Conditioning Event, Conditional Density, Properties.
UNIT III
OPERATION ON ONE RANDOM VARIABLE – EXPECTATIONS : Introduction, Expected Value of a Random
Variable, Function of a Random Variable, Moments about the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and Skew,
Chebychev’s Inequality, Characteristic Function, Moment Generating Function, Transformations of a Random
Variable: Monotonic Transformations for a Continuous Random Variable, Nonmonotonic Transformations of
Continuous Random Variable, Transformation of a Discrete Random Variable.
UNIT IV
MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES : Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Properties of Joint
Distribution, Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density – Point Conditioning,
Conditional Distribution and Density – Interval conditioning, Statistical Independence, Sum of Two Random
Variables, Sum of Several Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem, (Proof not expected). Unequal
Distribution, Equal Distributions.
UNIT V
OPERATIONS ON MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES : Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables:
Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, Jointly Gaussian
Random Variables: Two Random Variables case, N Random Variable case, Properties, Transformations of
Multiple Random Variables, Linear Transformations of Gaussian Random Variables.
UNIT VI
RANDOM PROCESSES – TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS : The Random Process Concept, Classification
of Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, concept of
Stationarity and Statistical Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second- Order and Wide-Sense
Stationarity, (N-Order) and Strict-Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic Processes,
Correlation-Ergodic Processes, Autocorrelation Function and Its Properties, Cross-Correlation Function and Its
Properties, Covariance Functions, Gaussian Random Processes, Poisson Random Process.
UNIT VII
RANDOM PROCESSES – SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS : The Power Spectrum: Properties, Relationship
between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, The Cross-Power Density Spectrum, Properties,
Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function.
UNIT VIII
LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM INPUTS : Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System
Response – Convolution, Mean and Mean-squared Value of System Response, autocorrelation Function of
Response, Cross-Correlation Functions of Input and Output, Spectral Characteristics of System Response:
Power Density Spectrum of Response, Cross-Power Density Spectrums of Input and Output, Band pass,
Band-Limited and Narrowband Processes, Properties, Modeling of Noise Sources: Resistive (Thermal) Noise
Source, Arbitrary Noise Sources, Effective Noise Temperature, Average Noise Figures, Average Noise Figure
of cascaded networks.
27
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles - Peyton Z. Peebles, TMH, 4th Edition, 2001.
2. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes – Athanasios Papoulis and S. Unnikrishna Pillai,
PHI, 4th Edition, 2002.
REFERENCES :
1. Communication Systems Analog & Digital – R.P. Singh and S.D. Sapre, TMH, 1995.
2. Probability and Random Processes with Application to Signal Processing – Henry Stark and John W.
Woods, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition.
3. Probability Methods of Signal and System Analysis. George R. Cooper, Clave D. MC Gillem,
Oxford, 3rd Edition, 1999.
4. Statistical Theory of Communication - S.P. Eugene Xavier, New Age Publications, 2003.
5. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, B.S. Publications, 2003.
28
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
UNIT - I
Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and Importance – Need for Public
Awareness.
UNIT - II
Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources – Natural resources and associated problems
– Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation, deforestation, case studies – Timber extraction – Mining,
dams and other effects on forest and tribal people – Water resources – Use and over utilization of surface and
ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems - Mineral resources: Use
and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. - Food
resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern
agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. - Energy resources: Growing
energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of alternate energy sources. Case studies.
Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and
desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for
sustainable lifestyles.
UNIT - III
Ecosystems : Concept of an ecosystem. - Structure and function of an ecosystem. - Producers, consumers
and decomposers. - Energy flow in the ecosystem - Ecological succession. - Food chains, food webs and
ological pyramids. - Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following
ecosystem:
a. Forest ecosystem
b. Grassland ecosystem
c. Desert ecosystem
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
UNIT - IV
Biodiversity and its conservation : Introduction - Definition: genetic, species andecosystem diversity. - Bio-
geographical classification of India - Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical,
aesthetic and option values - . Biodiversity at global, National and local levels. - . India as a mega-diversity
nation - Hot-sports of biodiversity - Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife
conflicts. - Endangered and endemic species of India – Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ
conservation of biodiversity.
UNIT - V
Environmental Pollution : Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of :
a. Air pollution
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards
Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and
industrial wastes. - Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. - Pollution case
studies. - Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
UNIT - VI
Social Issues and the Environment : From Unsustainable to Sustainable development -Urban problems
related to energy -Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management -Resettlement and
rehabilitation of people; its
problems and concerns. Case Studies -Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. -Climate change,
global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies. -Wasteland
reclamation. –Consumerism and waste products. -Environment Protection Act. -Air (Prevention and Control of
29
Pollution) Act. -Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act -Wildlife Protection Act -Forest Conservation
Act -Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. -Public awareness.
UNIT - VII
Human Population and the Environment : Population growth, variation among nations. Population explosion
- Family Welfare Programme. -Environment and human health. -Human Rights. -Value Education. -HIV/AIDS.
-Women and Child
Welfare. -Role of information Technology in Environment and human health. –Case Studies.
UNIT - VIII
Field work : Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River /forest grassland/hill/mountain -Visit
to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/industrial/ Agricultural Study of common plants, insects, birds. -Study of
simple cosystemspond,
river, hill slopes, etc.
TEXT BOOK:
1 Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses by Erach Bharucha for University
Grants Commission.
2 Environmental Studies by R. Rajagopalan, Oxford University Press.
REFERENCE:
1 Textbook of Environmental Sciences and Technology by M. Anji Reddy, BS Publication.
30
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY
UNIT I
DC MACHINES : Principle of operation of DC Machines- EMF equation – Types of generators –
Magnetization and load characteristics of DC generators
UNIT II
D.C. MOTORS : DC Motors – Types of DC Motors – Characteristics of DC motors – 3-point starters for
DC shunt motor – Losses and efficiency – Swinburne’s test – Speed control of DC shunt motor – Flux and
Armature voltage control methods.
UNIT III
TRANSFORMERS : Principle of operation of single phase transformer – types – Constructional features
– Phasor diagram on No Load and Load – Equivalent circuit
UNIT IV
PERFORMANCE OF TRANSFORMERS : Losses and Efficiency of transformer and Regulation – OC
and SC tests – Predetermination of efficiency and regulation (Simple Problems).
UNIT V
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR : Principle of operation of three-phase induction motors –Slip ring
and Squirrel cage motors – Slip-Torque characteristics – Efficiency calculation – Starting methods.
UNIT VI
ALTERNATORS : Alternators – Constructional features – Principle of operation – Types - EMF Equation
– Distribution and Coil span factors – Predetermination of regulation by Synchronous Impedance Method
– OC and SC tests.
UNIT VII
SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS : Principle of operation - Shaded pole motors – Capacitor
motors, AC servomotor, AC tachometers, Synchros, Stepper Motors – Characteristics.
UNIT VIII
ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS : Basic Principles of indicating instruments – Moving Coil and Moving
iron Instruments (Ammeters and Voltmeters).
TEXT BOOKS
1. Introduction to Electrical Engineering – M.S Naidu and S. Kamakshaiah, TMH Publ.
2. Basic Electrical Engineering - T.K. Nagasarkar and M.S.Sukhija, Oxford University Press, 2005
REFERENCES :
1. Principles of Electrical Engineering - V.K Mehta, S.Chand Publications.
2. Theory and Problems of basic electrical engineering - I.J. Nagarath amd D.P Kothari, PHI
Publications
3. Essentials of Electrical and Computer Engineering - David V. Kerns, JR. J. David Irwin
31
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN
UNIT I
NUMBER SYSTEMS & CODES : Philosophy of number systems – complement representation of negative
numbers-binary arithmetic-binary codes-error detecting & error correcting codes –hamming codes.
UNIT II
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND SWITCHING FUNCTIONS : Fundamental postulates of Boolean Algebra - Basic
theorems and properties - switching functions–Canonical and Standard forms-Algebraic simplification digital
logic gates, properties of XOR gates –universal gates-Multilevel NAND/NOR realizations.
UNIT III
MINIMIZATION OF SWITCHING FUNCTIONS : Map method, Prime implicants, Don’t care combinations,
Minimal SOP and POS forms, Tabular Method, Prime –Implicant chart, simplification rules.
UNIT IV
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN
Design using conventional logic gates, Encoder, Decoder, Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer, Modular design using
IC chips, MUX Realization of switching functions Parity bit generator, Code-converters, Hazards and hazard
free realizations.
UNIT V
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES, THRESHOLD LOGIC : Basic PLD’s-ROM, PROM, PLA, PLD
Realization of Switching functions using PLD’s. Capabilities and limitations of Threshold gate, Synthesis of
Threshold functions, Multigate Synthesis.
UNIT VI
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS - I : Classification of sequential circuits (Synchronous, Asynchronous, Pulse mode,
Level mode with examples) Basic flip-flops-Triggering and excitation tables. Steps in synchronous sequential
circuit design. Design of modulo-N Ring & Shift counters, Serial binary adder,sequence detector.
UNIT VII
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS - II : Finite state machine-capabilities and limitations, Mealy and Moore models-
minimization of completely specified and incompletely specified sequential machines, Partition techniques and
Merger chart methods-concept of minimal cover table.
UNIT VIII
ALGOROTHIMIC STATE MACHINES : Salient features of the ASM chart-Simple examples-System design
using data path and control subsystems-control implementations-examples of Weighing machine and Binary
multiplier.
TEXTBOOKS :
1. Switching & Finite Automata theory – Zvi Kohavi, TMH,2nd Edition.
2. Digital Design – Morris Mano, PHI, 3rd Edition, 2006.
REFERENCES :
1. An Engineering Approach To Digital Design – Fletcher, PHI. Digital Logic – Application and Design –
John M. Yarbrough, Thomson.
2. Fundamentals of Logic Design – Charles H. Roth, Thomson Publications, 5th Edition, 2004.
3. Digital Logic Applications and Design – John M. Yarbrough, Thomson Publications, 2006.
32
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES
Unit I :
C++ Class Overview- Class Definition, Objects, Class Members, Access Control, Class Scope, Constructors
and destructors, parameter passing methods, Inline functions, static class members, this pointer, friend
functions, dynamic memory allocation and deallocation (new and delete), exception handling.
Unit II :
Function Over Loading, Operator Overloading, Generic Programming- Function and class templates,
Inheritance basics, base and derived classes, inheritance types, base class access control, runtime
polymorphism using virtual functions, abstract classes, streams I/O.
Unit III :
Algorithms, performance analysis- time complexity and space complexity. Review of basic data structures- The
list ADT, Stack ADT, Queue ADT, Implementation using template classes in C++.
Unit IV :
Dictionaries, linear list representation, skip list representation, operations insertion, deletion and searching,
hash table representation, hash functions, collision resolution-separate chaining, open addressing-linear
probing, quadratic probing, double hashing, rehashing, extendible hashing, comparison of hashing and skip
lists.
Unit V :
Priority Queues – Definition, ADT, Realizing a Priority Queue using Heaps, Definition, insertion, Deletion,
External Sorting- Model for external sorting, Multiway merge, Polyphase merge.
Unit VI :
Search Trees (Part1):-
Binary Search Trees, Definition, ADT, Implementation, Operations- Searching, Insertion and Deletion, AVL
Trees, Definition, Height of an AVL Tree, Operations – Insertion, Deletion and Searching
Unit VII :
Search trees (prt II) : Introduction to Red –Black and Splay Trees, B-Trees, B-Tree of order m, height of a B-
Tree, insertion, deletion and searching, Comparison of Search Trees
Unit VIII :
Pattern matching and Tries : Pattern matching algorithms-Brute force, the Boyer –Moore algorithm, the
Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm, Standard Tries, Compressed Tries, Suffix tries.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Data structures, Algorithms and Applications in C++, S.Sahni, University Press (India) Pvt.Ltd, 2nd edition,
Universities Press Orient Longman Pvt. Ltd.
2. Data structures and Algorithms in C++, Michael T.Goodrich, R.Tamassia and .Mount, Wiley student edition,
John Wiley and Sons.
REFERENCES :
1. Data structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, Mark Allen Weiss, Pearson Education. Ltd., Second Edition.
2. Data structures and algorithms in C++, 3rd Edition, Adam Drozdek, Thomson
3. Data structures using C and C++, Langsam, Augenstein and Tanenbaum, PHI.
4. Problem solving with C++, The OOP, Fourth edition, W.Savitch, Pearson education.
33
KAKINADA
0 3 2
ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES (C++) LAB
Objectives:
• To make the student learn a object oriented way of solving problems.
• To make the student write ADTS for all data structures.
• Intel based desktop PC with minimum of 166 MHZ or faster processor with atleast 64 MB RAM and
100 MB free disk space
• C++ compiler and STL Recommended
Week1 :
C++ programs to implement the following using an array.
a) Stack ADT b) Queue ADT
Week2 :
Write C++ programs to implement the following using a singly linked list.
a) Stack ADT b) Queue ADT
Week3 :
Write C++ programs to implement the deque (double ended queue) ADT using a doubly linked list and an
array.
Week 4 :
Write a C++ program to perform the following operations:
a) Insert an element into a binary search tree.
b) Delete an element from a binary search tree.
c) Search for a key element in a binary search tree.
Week5 :
.Write C++ programs that use non-recursive functions to traverse the given
binary tree in
a. Preorder b) inorder and c) postorder.
Week6 :
Write C++ programs for the implementation of bfs and dfs for a given graph.
Week7 :
Write C++ programs for implementing the following sorting methods:
a) Merge sort b) Heap sort
Week8 :
Write a C++ program to perform the following operations
a) Insertion into a B-tree b) Deletion from a B-tree
Week9 :
.Write a C++ program to perform the following operations
a) Insertion into an AVL-tree b) Deletion from an AVL-tree
Week10 :
Write a C++ program to implement all the functions of a dictionary (ADT)
using hashing.
Week11 :
Write a C++ program for implementing Knuth-Morris- Pratt pattern matching
algorithm.
34
Week12 :
Write a C++ program for implementing Boyer – Moore Patten matching
algorithm
(Note: Use Class Templates in the above Programs)
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, Third Edition, Adam Drozdek, Thomson.
2.Data Structures using C++, D.S. Malik, Thomson
35
KAKINADA
0 3 2
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB
PART – A
1. Serial and Parallel Resonance – Timing, Resonant frequency, Bandwidth and Q-factor determination for
RLC network.
2. Time response of first order RC/RL network for periodic non-sinusoidal inputs – time constant and steady
state error determination.
3. Two port network parameters – Z-Y Parameters, chain matrix and analytical verification.
4. Verification of Superposition and Reciprocity theorems.
5. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem. Verification on DC, verification on AC with Resistive and
Reactive loads.
6. Experimental determination of Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent circuits and verification by direct test.
PART – B
1. Magnetization characteristics of D.C. Shunt generator. Determination of critical field resistance.
2. Swinburne’s Test on DC shunt machine (Predetermination of efficiency of a given DC Shunt machine
working as motor and generator).
3. Brake test on DC shunt motor. Determination of performance characteristics.
4. OC & SC tests on Single-phase transformer (Predetermination of efficiency and regulation at given power
factors and determination of equivalent circuit).
5. Brake test on 3-phase Induction motor (performance characteristics).
6. Regulation of alternator by synchronous impedance method.
Note: Any TEN of the above experiments are to be conducted
36
KAKINADA
II Year B.Tech ECM II-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATIONS
UNIT-I
Introduction : Block diagram of Electrical communication system, Radio communication : Types of
communications, Analog, pulse, and digital, Types of signals, Fourier Transform for various signals,
Fourier Spectrum, Power spectral density, Autocorrelation, correlation, convolution.
UNIT-II
Amplitude Modulation : Need for modulation, Types of Amplitude modulation, AM, DSB SC, SSB SC,
Power and BW requirements, generation of AM, DSB SC, SSB SC, Demodulation of AM : Diode
detector, Product demodulation for DSB SC & SSB SC.
UNIT-III
Angle Modulation : Frequency & Phase modulations, advantages of FM over AM, Bandwidth
consideration, Narrow band and Wide band FM, Comparison of FM & PM.
UNIT-IV
Pulse Modulations : Sampling, Nyquist rate of sampling, Sampling theorem for Band limited signals,
PAM, regeneration of base band signal, PWM and PPM, Time Divison Multiplexing, Frequency Divison
Multiplexing, Asynchronous Multiplexing.
UNIT-V
Digital Communication : Advantages, Block diagram of PCM, Quantization, effect of quantization,
quantization error, Base band digital signal, DM, ADM, ADPCM and comparison.
UNIT-VI
Digital Modulation : ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, QPSK demodulation, coherent and incoherent reception,
Modems.
UNIT-VII
Information Theory : Concept of information, rate of information and entropy, Source coding for optimum
rate of information, Coding efficiency, Shanon-Fano and Huffman coding.
UNIT-VIII
Error control coding : Introduction, Error detection and correction codes, block codes, convolution
codes.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Communication Systems Analog and Digital – R.P. Singh, SD Sapre, TMH, 20th reprint, 2004.
2. Principle of Communications, Taub & Schilling, TMH, 2003.
REFERENCES :
1. Electronic Communication Systems – Kennedy & Davis, TMH, 4th edition, 2004.
2. Communication Systems Engineering – John. G. Proakis, Masoud and Salehi, 2nd Ed. PHI/
Pearson.
37
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
CONTROL SYSTEMS
Objective :
In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students the principles and applications of control systems in every
day life. The basic concepts of block diagram reduction, time domain analysis solutions to time invariant
systems and also deals with the different aspects of stability analysis of systems in frequency domain and time
domain.
UNIT – I INTRODUCTION
Concepts of Control Systems- Open Loop and closed loop control systems and their differences- Different
examples of control systems- Classification of control systems, Feed-Back Characteristics, Effects of
feedback.
Mathematical models – Differential equations, Impulse Response and transfer functions - Translational and
Rotational mechanical systems
UNIT II TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION

Transfer Function of DC Servo motor - AC Servo motor- Synchro transmitter and Receiver, Block diagram
representation of systems considering electrical systems as examples -Block diagram algebra –
Representation by Signal flow graph - Reduction using Mason’s gain formula.
UNIT-III TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Standard test signals - Time response of first order systems – Characteristic Equation of Feedback control
systems, Transient response of second order systems - Time domain specifications – Steady state response -
Steady state errors and error constants – Effects of proportional derivative, proportional integral systems.
UNIT – IV STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN

The concept of stability – Routh’s stability criterion – qualitative stability and conditional stability – limitations of
Routh’s stability
Root Locus Technique:
The root locus concept - construction of root loci-effects of adding poles and zeros to G(s)H(s) on the root loci.
UNIT – V FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS

Introduction, Frequency domain specifications-Bode diagrams-Determination of Frequency domain
specifications and transfer function from the Bode Diagram-Phase margin and Gain margin-Stability Analysis
from Bode Plots.
UNIT – VI STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN

Polar Plots-Nyquist Plots-Stability Analysis.
UNIT – VII CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES

Compensation techniques – Lag, Lead, Lead-Lag Controllers design in frequency Domain, PID Controllers.
UNIT – VIII State Space Analysis of Continuous Systems

Concepts of state, state variables and state model, derivation of state models from block diagrams,
Diagonalization- Solving the Time invariant state Equations- State Transition Matrix and it’s Properties –
Concepts of Controllability and Observability
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Automatic Control Systems 8th edition– by B. C. Kuo 2003– John wiley and son’s.,
2. Control Systems Engineering – by I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age International
(P) Limited, Publishers, 2nd edition.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Modern Control Engineering – by Katsuhiko Ogata – Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd edition, 1998.
2. Control Systems by N.K.Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, 3rd Edition, 1998.
3. Control Systems Engg. by NISE 3rd Edition – John wiley
4. “ Modelling & Control Of Dynamic Systems” by Narciso F. Macia George J. Thaler, Thomson
Publishers.
38
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
UNIT I :
BASIC STRUCTURE OF COMPUTERS : Computer Types, Functional unit, Basic OPERATIONAL concepts,
Bus structures, Software, Performance, multiprocessors and multi computers. Data Representation. Fixed
Point Representation. Floating – Point Representation. Error Detection codes.
UNIT II :
REGISTER TRANSFER LANGUAGE AND MICROOPERATIONS : Register Transfer language.Register
Transfer Bus and memory transfers, Arithmetic Mircrooperatiaons, logic micro operations, shift micro
operations, Arithmetic logic shift unit. Instruction codes. Computer Registers Computer instructions
– Instruction cycle.
Memory – Reference Instructions. Input – Output and Interrupt. STACK organization. Instruction formats.
Addressing modes. DATA Transfer and manipulation. Program control. Reduced Instruction set computer.
UNIT III :
MICRO PROGRAMMED CONTROL : Control memory, Address sequencing, microprogram example, design
of control unit Hard wired control. Microprogrammed control
UNIT IV :
COMPUTER ARITHMETIC : Addition and subtraction, multiplication Algorithms, Division Algorithms, Floating
– point Arithmetic operations. Decimal Arithmetic unit Decimal Arithmetic operations.
UNIT V :
THE MEMORY SYSTEM : Basic concepts semiconductor RAM memories. Read-only memories Cache
memories performance considerations, Virtual memories secondary storage. Introduction to RAID.
UNIT-VI
INPUT-OUTPUT ORGANIZATION : Peripheral Devices, Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous data transfer
Modes of Transfer, Priority Interrupt Direct memory Access, Input –Output Processor (IOP) Serial
communication; Introduction to peripheral component, Interconnect (PCI) bus. Introduction to
standard serial communication protocols like RS232, USB, IEEE1394.
UNIT VII :
PIPELINE AND VECTOR PROCESSING : Parallel Processing, Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction
Pipeline, RISC Pipeline Vector Processing, Array Processors.
UNIT VIII :
MULTI PROCESSORS : Characteristics or Multiprocessors, Interconnection Structures, Interprocessor
Arbitration. InterProcessor Communication and Synchronization Cache Coherance. Shared Memory
Multiprocessors.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Computer Organization – Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic, SafeaZaky, Vth Edition, McGraw Hill.
2. Computer Systems Architecture – M.Moris Mano, IIIrd Edition, Pearson/PHI
REFERENCES :
1. Computer Organization and Architecture – William Stallings Sixth Edition, Pearson/PHI
2. Structured Computer Organization – Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition PHI/Pearson
3. Fundamentals or Computer Organization and Design, - Sivaraama Dandamudi Springer Int. Edition.
4. Computer Architecture a quantitative approach, John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson, Fourth Edition
Elsevier
5.Computer Architecture: Fundamentals and principles of Computer Design, Joseph D. Dumas II, BS
Publication.
39
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
UNIT I
SIGNAL ANALYSIS : Analogy between vectors and signals, Orthogonal signal space, Signal approximation
using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, Closed or complete set of orthogonal functions, Orthogonality
in complex functions, Exponential and sinusoidal signals, Concepts of Impulse function, Unit step function,
Signum function.
UNIT II
FOURIER SERIES REPRESENTATION OF PERIODIC SIGNALS : Representation of Fourier
series, Continuous time periodic signals, properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet’s conditions, Trigonometric
Fourier series and Exponential Fourier series, Complex Fourier spectrum
UNIT III
FOURIER TRANSFORMS : Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of arbitrary
signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, properties of Fourier
transforms, Fourier transforms involving impulse function and Signum function. Introduction to Hilbert
Transform.
UNIT IV
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS : Linear system, impulse response,
Response of a linear system, Linear time invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system,
Transfer function of a LTI system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission
through a system, Signal bandwidth, system bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics,
Causality and Poly-Wiener criterion for physical realization, relationship between bandwidth and rise time.
UNIT V
CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS : Concept of convolution in time domain and
frequency domain, Graphical representation of convolution, Convolution property of Fourier transforms.
Cross correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of correlation function, Energy density
spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation between auto correlation function and
energy/power spectral density function.Relation between convolution and correlation, Detection of periodic
signals in the presence of noise by correlation, Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.
UNIT VI
SAMPLING : Sampling theorem – Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse
sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under
sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass sampling.
UNIT VII
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS :Review of Laplace transforms, Partial fraction expansion, Inverse Laplace
transform, Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, constraints on ROC for
various classes of signals, Properties of L.T’s relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a signal. Laplace
transform of certain signals using waveform synthesis.
UNIT VIII
Z–TRANSFORMS : Fundamental difference between continuous and discrete time signals, discrete time
signal representation using complex exponential and sinusoidal components, Periodicity of discrete time
usingcomplex exponential signal, Concept of Z- Transform of a discrete sequence. Distinction between
Laplace, Fourier and Z transforms. Region of convergence in Z-Transform, constraints on ROC for various
classes of signals, Inverse Z-transform, properties of Z-transforms.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.
2. Signals and Systems - A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn.
REFERENCES :
1. Signals & Systems - Simon Haykin and Van Veen,Wiley, 2nd Edition.
2. Network Analysis - M.E. Van Valkenburg, PHI Publications, 3rd Edn., 2000.
3. Signals & Systems Analysis Using Transformation Methods & MAT Lab - Robert:, TMH, 2003.
4. Signals, Systems and Transforms - C. L. Philips, J.M.Parr and Eve A.Riskin, Pearson education.,
3rd Edition, 2004.
40
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS
UNIT I
LINEAR WAVESHAPING
High pass, low pass RC circuits, their response for sinusoidal, step, pulse, square and ramp inputs. RC
network as differentiator and integrator, attenuators, its applications in CRO probe, RL and RLC circuits and
their response for step input, Ringing circuit.
UNIT II
NON-LINEAR WAVE SHAPING
Diode clippers, Transistor clippers, clipping at two independent levels, Transfer characteristics of clippers,
Emitter coupled clipper, Comparators, applications of voltage comparators, clamping operation, clamping
circuits using diode with different inputs, Clamping circuit theorem, practical clamping circuits, effect of diode
characteristics on clamping voltage, Transfer characteristics of clampers.
UNIT III
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES
Diode as a switch, piecewise linear diode characteristics, Transistor as a switch, Break down voltage
consideration of transistor, saturation parameters of Transistor and their variation with temperature, Design of
transistor switch, transistor-switching times.
UNIT IV
MULTIVIBRATORS
Analysis and Design of Bistable, Monostable, Astable Multivibrators and Schmitt trigger using transistors.
UNIT V
TIME BASE GENERATORS
General features of a time base signal, methods of generating time base waveform, Miller and Bootstrap time
base generators – basic principles, Transistor miller time base generator, Transistor Bootstrap time base
generator, Current time base generators.
UNIT VI
SYNCHRONIZATION AND FREQUENCY DIVISION
Principles of Synchronization, Frequency division in sweep circuit, Astable relaxation circuits, Monostable
relaxation circuits, Synchronization of a sweep circuit with symmetrical signals, Sine wave frequency division
with a sweep circuit.
UNIT VII
SAMPLING GATES
Basic operating principles of sampling gates, Unidirectional and Bi-directional sampling gates, Reduction of
pedestal in gate circuits, Applications of sampling gates.
UNIT VIII
REALIZATION OF LOGIC GATES USING DIODES & TRANSISTORS
AND, OR gates using Diodes, Resistor, Transistor Logic, Diode Transistor Logic.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms J. Millman and H. Taub, McGraw-Hill, 1991.
2. Solid State Pulse circuits - David A. Bell, PHI, 4th Edn.., 2002 .
REFERENCES
1. Pulse and Digital Circuits – A. Anand Kumar, PHI.
2. Wave Generation and Shaping L. Strauss.
3. Pulse, Digital Circuits and Computer Fundamentals - R.Venkataraman.
41
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
UNIT I :
Object oriented thinking :- Need for oop paradigm, A way of viewing world – Agents, responsibility,
messages, methods, classes and instances, class hierarchies (Inheritance), method binding, overriding and
exceptions, summary of oop concepts, coping with complexity, abstraction mechanisms.
UNIT II :
Java Basics History of Java, Java buzzwords, datatypes, variables, scope and life time of variables, arrays,
operators, expressions, control statements, type conversion and costing, simple java program, classes and
objects – concepts of classes, objects, constructors, methods, access control, this keyword, garbage
collection, overloading methods and constructors, parameter passing, recursion, string handling.
UNIT III :
Inheritance – Hierarchical abstractions, Base class object, subclass, subtype, substitutability, forms of
inheritance- specialization, specification, construction, extension, limitation, combination, benefits of
inheritance, costs of inheritance. Member access rules, super uses, using final with inheritance,
polymorphism- method overriding, abstract classes.
UNIT IV :
Packages and Interfaces : Defining, Creating and Accessing a Package, Understanding CLASSPATH,
importing packages, differences between classes and interfaces, defining an interface, implementing interface,
applying interfaces, variables in interface and extending interfaces.
Exploring packages – Java.io, java.util.
UNIT V :
Exception handling and multithreading - Concepts of exception handling, benefits of exception handling,
Termination or resumptive models, exception hierarchy, usage of try, catch, throw, throws and finally, built in
exceptions, creating own exception sub classes. Differences between multi threading and multitasking, thread
life cycle, creating threads, synchronizing threads, daemon threads, thread groups.
UNITVI :
Event Handling : Events, Event sources, Event classes, Event Listeners, Delegation event model, handling
mouse and keyboard events, Adapter classes, inner classes.The AWT class hierarchy, user interface
components- labels, button, canvas, scrollbars, text components, check box, check box groups, choices, lists
panels – scrollpane, dialogs, menubar, graphics, layout manager – layout manager types – boarder, grid, flow,
card and grib bag.
UNIT VII :
Applets – Concepts of Applets, differences between applets and applications, life cycle of an applet, types of
applets, creating applets, passing parameters to applets.
Swing – Introduction, limitations of AWT, MVC architecture, components, containers, exploring swing-
JApplet, JFrame and JComponent, Icons and Labels, text fields, buttons – The JButton class, Check boxes,
Radio buttons, Combo boxes, Tabbed Panes, Scroll Panes, Trees, and Tables.
UNIT VIII :
Networking – Basics of network programming, addresses, ports, sockets, simple client server program,
multiple clients, Java .net package
Packages – java.util,
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Java; the complete reference, 7th editon, Herbert schildt, TMH.
2. Understanding OOP with Java, updated edition, T. Budd, pearson eduction.
42
REFERENCES :
1. An Introduction to programming and OOP design using Java, J.Nino and F.A. Hosch, John wiley &
sons.
2. An Introduction to OOP, second edition, T. Budd, pearson education.
3. Introduction to Java programming 6th edition, Y. Daniel Liang, pearson education.
4. An introduction to Java programming and object oriented application development, R.A. Johnson-
Thomson.
5. Core Java 2, Vol 1, Fundamentals, Cay.S.Horstmann and Gary
Cornell, seventh Edition, Pearson Education.
6 .Core Java 2, Vol 2, Advanced Features, Cay.S.Horstmann and Gary
Cornell, Seventh Edition, Pearson Education
7. Object Oriented Programming through Java, P. Radha Krishna,
University Press.
43
KAKINADA
0 3 2
PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS LAB
Minimum Twelve experiments to be conducted:

1. Linear wave shaping.
2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers.
3. Non Linear wave shaping – Clampers.
4. Transistor as a switch.
5. Study of Logic Gates & Some applications.
6. Study of Flip-Flops & some applications.
7. Sampling Gates.
8. Astable Multivibrator.
9. Monostable Multivibrator.
10. Bistable Multivibrator.
11. Schmitt Trigger.
12. UJT Relaxation Oscillator.
13. Bootstrap sweep circuit.

1. RPS - 0 – 30 V
2. CRO - 0 – 20 M Hz.
3. Function Generators - 0 – 1 M Hz
4. Components
5. Multi Meters
44
KAKINADA
0 3 2
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING LAB
Objectives:
• To make the student learn a object oriented way of solving problems.
• To teach the student to write programs in Java to solve the problems
• Intel based desktop PC with minimum of 166 MHZ or faster processor with atleast 64 MB RAM and
100 MB free disk space
• JDK Kit. Recommended
Week1 :
a) Write a Java program that prints all real solutions to the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0. Read in a, b, c
and use the quadratic formula. If the discriminant b2 -4ac is negative, display a message stating that there are
no real solutions.
b) The Fibonacci sequence is defined by the following rule:
The fist two values in the sequence are 1 and 1. Every subsequent value is the sum of the two values
preceding it. Write a Java program that uses both recursive and non recursive functions to print the nth value
in the Fibonacci sequence.
Week 2 :
a) Write a Java program that prompts the user for an integer and then prints out all prime numbers up to that
integer.
b) Write a Java program to multiply two given matrices.
c) Write a Java Program that reads a line of integers, and then displays each integer, and the sum of all the
integers (Use StringTokenizer class of java.util)
Week 3 :
a) Write a Java program that checks whether a given string is a palindrome or not. Ex: MADAM is a
palindrome.
b) Write a Java program for sorting a given list of names in ascending order.
c) Write a Java program to make frequency count of words in a given text.
Week 4 :
a) Write a Java program that reads a file name from the user, then displays information about whether the file
exists, whether the file is readable, whether the file is writable, the type of file and the length of the file in bytes.
b) Write a Java program that reads a file and displays the file on the screen, with a line number before each
line.
c) Write a Java program that displays the number of characters, lines and words in a text file.
Week 5 :
a) Write a Java program that:
i) Implements stack ADT.
ii) Converts infix expression into Postfix form
iii) Evaluates the postfix expression
Week 6 :
a) Develop an applet that displays a simple message.
b) Develop an applet that receives an integer in one text field, and computes its factorial Value and returns it
in another text field, when the button named “Compute” is clicked.
Week 7 :
Write a Java program that works as a simple calculator. Use a grid layout to arrange buttons for the digits and
for the +, -,*, % operations. Add a text field to display the result.
Week 8 :
45
a) Write a Java program for handling mouse events.
Week 9 :
a) Write a Java program that creates three threads. First thread displays “Good Morning” every one second,
the second thread displays “Hello” every two seconds and the third thread displays “Welcome” every three
seconds.
b) Write a Java program that correctly implements producer consumer problem using the concept of inter
thread communication.
Week 10 :
Write a program that creates a user interface to perform integer divisions. The user enters two numbers in the
textfields, Num1 and Num2. The division of Num1 and Num2 is displayed in the Result field when the Divide
button is clicked. If Num1 or Num2 were not an integer, the program would throw a NumberFormatException.
If Num2 were Zero, the program would throw an ArithmeticException Display the exception in a message
dialog box.
Week 11 :
Write a Java program that implements a simple client/server application. The client sends data to a server. The
server receives the data, uses it to produce a result, and then sends the result back to the client. The client
displays the result on the console. For ex: The data sent from the client is the radius of a circle, and the result
produced by the server is the area of the circle. (Use java.net)
Week 12 :
a) Write a java program that simulates a traffic light. The program lets the user select one of three lights: red,
yellow, or green. When a radio button is selected, the light is turned on, and only one light can be on at a time
No light is on when the program starts.
b) Write a Java program that allows the user to draw lines, rectangles and ovals.
Week 13 :
a) Write a java program to create an abstract class named Shape that contains an empty method named
numberOfSides ( ).Provide three classes named Trapezoid, Triangle and Hexagon such that each one of the
classes extends the class Shape. Each one of the classes contains only the method numberOfSides ( ) that
shows the number of sides in the given geometrical figures.
b) Suppose that a table named Table.txt is stored in a text file. The first line in the file is the header, and the
remaining lines correspond to rows in the table. The elements are seperated by commas. Write a java program
to display the table using JTable component.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Java How to Program, Sixth Edition, H.M.Dietel and P.J.Dietel, Pearson
Education/PHI
2. Introduction to Java programming, Sixth edition, Y.Daniel Liang, Pearson Education
3. Big Java, 2nd edition, Cay Horstmann, Wiley Student Edition, Wiley India Private Limited.
46
KAKINADA
III Year B.Tech ECM I-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
Unit I
Introduction to Managerial Economics:
Definition, Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics–Demand Analysis: Demand Determinants,

Law of Demand and its exceptions.
Unit II
Elasticity of Demand: Definition, Types, Measurement and Significance of Elasticity of Demand. Demand
Forecasting, Factors governing demand forecasting, methods of demand forecasting (survey
methods, statistical methods, expert opinion method, test marketing, controlled experiments,
judgmental approach to demand forecasting)
Unit III
Theory of Production and Cost Analysis: Production Function – Isoquants and Isocosts, MRTS, Least Cost
Combination of Inputs, Cobb-Douglas Production function, Laws of Returns, Internal and External
Economies of Scale.
Cost Analysis: Cost concepts, Opportunity cost, Fixed vs. Variable costs, Explicit costs Vs.
Implicit costs, Out of pocket costs vs. Imputed costs. Break-even Analysis (BEA)-Determination of
Break-Even Point (simple problems)- Managerial Significance and limitations of BEA.
Unit IV
Introduction to Markets & Pricing Policies:
Market structures: Types of competition, Features of Perfect competition, Monopoly and
Monopolistic Competition. Price-Output Determination in case of Perfect Competition and
Monopoly.
Objectives and Policies of Pricing- Methods of Pricing: Cost Plus Pricing, Marginal Cost
Pricing, Sealed Bid Pricing, Going Rate Pricing, Limit Pricing, Market Skimming Pricing,
Penetration Pricing, Two-Part Pricing, Block Pricing, Bundling Pricing, Peak Load Pricing, Cross
Subsidization.
Unit V
Business & New Economic Environment: Characteristic features of Business, Features and evaluation of
Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Joint Stock Company, Public Enterprises and their types,
Changing Business Environment in Post-liberalization scenario.
Unit VI
Capital and Capital Budgeting: Capital and its significance, Types of Capital, Estimation of Fixed and
Working capital requirements, Methods and sources of raising finance.
Nature and scope of capital budgeting, features of capital budgeting proposals, Methods of Capital
Budgeting: Payback Method, Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) and Net Present Value Method
(simple problems)
Unit VII
Introduction to Financial Accounting: Double-Entry Book Keeping, Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance- Final
Accounts (Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet with simple adjustments).
Unit VIII
Financial Analysis through ratios: Computation, Analysis and Interpretation of Liquidity Ratios (Current
Ratio and quick ratio), Activity Ratios (Inventory turnover ratio and Debtor Turnover ratio),
Capital structure Ratios (Debt- Equity ratio, Interest Coverage ratio), and Profitability ratios
(Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit ratio, Operating Ratio, P/E Ratio and EPS).
TEXT BOOKS:
47
1. Aryasri: Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, 2/e, TMH, 2005.
2. Varshney & Maheswari: Managerial Economics, Sultan Chand, 2003.
REFERENCES:
1. Ambrish Gupta, Financial Accounting for Management, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
2. H. Craig Peterson & W. Cris Lewis, Managerial Economics, PHI, 4th Ed.
3. Suma Damodaran, Managerial Economics, Oxford University Press.
4. Lipsey & Chrystel, Economics, Oxford University Press.
5. S. A. Siddiqui & A. S. Siddiqui, Managerial Economics & Financial Analysis, New age International Space
Publications.
6. Domnick Salvatore: Managerial Economics In a Global Economy, 4th Edition, Thomson.
7. Narayanaswamy: Financial Accounting—A Managerial Perspective, PHI.
8. Raghunatha Reddy & Narasimhachary: Managerial Economics& Financial Analysis, Scitech.
9. S.N.Maheswari & S.K. Maheswari, Financial Accounting, Vikas.
10. Truet and Truet: Managerial Economics:Analysis, Problems and Cases, Wiley.
11. Dwivedi:Managerial Economics, 6th Ed., Vikas.
48
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing: Discrete time signals & sequences, linear shift
invariant systems, stability, and causality. Linear constant coefficient difference equations. Frequency domain
representation of discrete time signals and systems.
UNIT II
DISCRETE FOURIER SERIES: Properties of discrete Fourier series, DFS representation of periodic
sequences, Discrete Fourier transforms: Properties of DFT, linear convolution of sequences using DFT,
Computation of DFT. Relation between Z-transform and DFS
UNIT III
FAST FOURIER TRANSFORMS: Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) - Radix-2 decimation in time and decimation
in frequency FFT Algorithms, Inverse FFT, and FFT for composite N
UNIT IV
REALIZATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS: Review of Z-transforms, Applications of Z – transforms, solution of
difference equations of digital filters, Block diagram representation of linear constant-coefficient difference
equations, Basic structures of IIR systems, Transposed forms, Basic structures of FIR systems, System
function,
UNIT V
IIR DIGITAL FILTERS: Analog filter approximations – Butter worth and Chebyshev, Design of IIR Digital filters
from analog filters, Design Examples: Analog-Digital transformations
UNIT VI
FIR DIGITAL FILTERS : Characteristics of FIR Digital Filters, frequency response. Design of FIR Digital Filters
using Window Techniques, Frequency Sampling technique, Comparison of IIR & FIR filters.
UNIT VII
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: Decimation, interpolation, sampling rate conversion,
Implementation of sampling rate conversion.
UNIT VIII
INTRODUCTION TO DSP PROCESSORS: Introduction to programmable DSPs: Multiplier and Multiplier
Accumulator (MAC), Modified Bus Structures and Memory Access schemes in DSPs Multiple access memory,
multiport memory, VLSI Architecture, Pipelining, Special addressing modes, On-Chip Peripherals.
Architecture of TMS 320C5X- Introduction, Bus Structure, Central Arithmetic Logic Unit, Auxiliary Registrar,
Index Registrar, Auxiliary Registger Compare Register, Block Move Address Register, Parallel Logic Unit,
Memory mapped registers, program controller, Some flags in the status registers, On- chip registers, On-chip
peripherals
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms, and Applications: John G. Proakis, Dimitris G.
Manolakis,
Pearson Education / PHI, 2007.
2. Discrete Time Signal Processing – A.V.Oppenheim and R.W. Schaffer, PHI
3. Digital Signal Processors – Architecture, Programming and Applications,, B.Venkataramani, M.
Bhaskar, TATA McGraw Hill, 2002
Reference Books:
1. Digital Signal Processing: Andreas Antoniou, TATA McGraw Hill , 2006
2. Digital Signal Processing: MH Hayes, Schaum’s Outlines, TATA Mc-Graw Hill, 2007.
3. DSP Primer - C. Britton Rorabaugh, Tata McGraw Hill, 2005.
4. Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing using Matlab – Robert J. Schilling, Sandra L. Harris,
Thomson, 2007.
5. Digital Signal Processing – Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer, PHI Ed., 2006
49
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
MICROPROCESSORS AND INTERFACING
UNIT-I
An over view of 8085, Architecture of 8086 Microprocessor. Special functions of General purpose registers.
8086 flag register and function of 8086 Flags.
UNIT-II
Addressing modes of 8086. Instruction set of 8086. Assembler directives, simple programs, procedures,
and macros.
UNIT-III
Assembly language programs involving logical, Branch & Call instructions, sorting, evaluation of arithmetic
expressions, string manipulation.
UNIT-IV
Pin diagram of 8086-Minimum mode and maximum mode of operation. Timing diagram. Memory interfacing
to 8086 (Static RAM & EPROM). Need for DMA. DMA data transfer Method. Interfacing with 8237/8257.
UNIT-V
8255 PPI – various modes of operation and interfacing to 8086. Interfacing Keyboard, Displays, Stepper
Motor and actuators. D/A and A/D converter interfacing.
UNIT-VI
Interrupt structure of 8086. Vector interrupt table. Interrupt service routines. Introduction to DOS and
BIOS interrupts. 8259 PIC Architecture and interfacing cascading of interrupt controller and its importance.
UNIT-VII
Serial data transfer schemes. Asynchronous and Synchronous data transfer schemes. 8251 USART
architecture and interfacing. TTL to RS 232C and RS232C to TTL conversion. Sample program of serial
data transfer. Introduction to High-speed serial communications standards, USB.
UNIT-VIII
8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Register set of 8051, Modes of timer operation, Serial port operation,
Interrupt structure of 8051, Memory and I/O interfacing of 8051.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Advanced microprocessor and Peripherals - A.K.Ray and K.M.Bhurchandi, TMH, 2000.
2. Microprocessors and interfacing - Douglas V. Hall, TMH, 2nd Edition, 1999.
REFERENCES :
1. Micro computer systems, The 8086/8088 Family Architecture, Programming and Design - Y.Liu
and G.A. Gibson, PHI, 2nd edition.
2. Microprocessors 8086/ 8088 - Avatar singh and Triebel, PHI.
3. Assembly Language Techniques for the IBM PC - Alan R, Miller, BPB (for DOS and BIOS
interrupts only)
4. Micro Controllers - Rajkamal, Pearson Education, 2005.
5. Design with PIC Micro Controllers – John B. Peatman, 2005.
6. 8051 Micro Controllers and Embedded Systems – Dr. Rajiv Kapadia, Jaico Publishers.
7. 8086 Micro Processor - Kenneth J. Ayala, Penram International/ Thomson, 1995.
8. 8051 Microcontroller - Kenneth J. Ayala, Penram International/ Thomson, 3rd Edition, 2005.
50
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
LINEAR AND DIGITAL IC APPLICATIONS
UNIT I
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS : Classification, chip size and circuit complexity, basic information of Opamp,
ideal and practical Op-amp, internal circuits, Op-amp characteristics, DC and AC characteristics,
741 op-amp and its features, modes of operation-inverting, non-inverting, differential.
UNIT II
OP-AMP APPLICATIONS : Basic application of Op-amp, instrumentation amplifier, ac amplifier, V to
I and I to V converters, sample & hold circuits, multipliers and dividers, Differentiators and Integrators,
Comparators, Schmitt trigger, Multivibrators, introduction to voltage regulators, features of 723.
UNIT III
ACTIVE FILTERS & OSCILLATORS : Introduction, 1st order LPF, HPF filters. Band pass, Band
reject and all pass filters. Oscillator types and principle of operation – RC, Wien and quadrature type,
waveform generators – triangular, sawtooth, square wave and VCO.
UNIT IV
TIMERS & PHASE LOCKED LOOPS : Introduction to 555 timer, functional diagram, monostable and
astable operations and applications, Schmitt Trigger. PLL - introduction, block schematic, principles and
description of individual blocks of 565.
UNIT V
D-A AND A- D CONVERTERS : Introduction, basic DAC techniques, weighted resistor DAC, R-2R
ladder DAC, inverted R-2R DAC, and IC 1408 DAC, Different types of ADCs - parallel comparator type
ADC, counter type ADC, successive approximation ADC and dual slope ADC. DAC and ADC specifications.
UNIT VI
Classification of Integrated circuits, comparison of various logic families, standard TTL NAND Gate-
Analysis& characteristics, TTL open collector O/Ps, Tristate TTL, MOS & CMOS open drain and tristate
outputs, CMOS transmission gate, IC interfacing- TTL driving CMOS & CMOS driving TTL .
UNIT VII
Design using TTL-74XX & CMOS 40XX series, code converters, decoders, Demultiplexers, decoders &
drives for LED & LCD display. Encoder, priority Encoder, multiplexers & their applications, priority
generators/checker circuits. Digital arithmetic circuits-parallel binary adder/subtractor circuits using 2’s,
Complement system. Digital comparator circuits.
UNIT VIII
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS : Flip-flops & their conversions. Design of synchronous counters. Decade
counter, shift registers & applications, familiarities with commonly available 74XX & CMOS 40XX series
of IC counters.
Memories : ROM architecture, types & applications, RAM architecture, Static & Dynamic RAMs,
synchronous DRAMs.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Linear Integrated Circuits –D. Roy Chowdhury, New Age International (p) Ltd, 2nd Ed., 2003.
3. Op-Amps & Linear ICs – Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, PHI, 1987.
REFERENCES :
1. Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated Circuits – R.F. Coughlin & Fredrick F. Driscoll, PHI, 1977.
2. Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated Circuits: Theory & Applications –Denton J. Daibey, TMH.
3. Design with Operational Amplifiers&Analog Integrated Circuits-Sergio Franco,McGraw Hill,3rd Ed.,2002.
4. Digital Fundamentals – Floyd and Jain, Pearson Education,8th Edition, 2005.
51
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
UNIT I :
Introduction, Application areas of Computer Graphics, overview of graphics systems, video-display devices,
raster-scan systems, random scan systems, graphics monitors and work stations and input devices
(p.nos 22-90 of text book-1).
UNIT II :
Output primitives : Points and lines, line drawing algorithms, mid-point circle and ellipse algorithms.Filled
area primitives: Scan line polygon fill algorithm, boundary-fill and flood-fill algorithms (p.nos 103-123,137-
145,147-150,164-171 of text book-1, p.nos. 72-99 of text book-2).
UNIT III :
2-D geometrical transforms : Translation, scaling, rotation, reflection and shear transformations, matrix
representations and homogeneous coordinates, composite transforms, transformations between coordinate
systems. (p.nos 204-227 of text book-1).
UNIT IV :
2-D viewing : The viewing pipeline, viewing coordinate reference frame, window to view-port coordinate
transformation, viewing functions, Cohen-Sutherland and Cyrus-beck line clipping algorithms, Sutherland –
Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm(p.nos 237-249,257-261 of text book -1, p.nos. 111-126 of text book-2).
UNIT V :
3-D object representation : Polygon surfaces, quadric surfaces, spline representation, Hermite curve, Bezier
curve and B-Spline curves, Bezier and B-Spline surfaces. Basic illumination models, polygon rendering
methods. (p.nos 324-331,340-342, 347-364, 516-531, 542-546 of text book-1, p.nos 473-529,721-739 of text
book-2).
UNIT VI :
3-D Geometric transformations : Translation, rotation, scaling, reflection and shear transformations,
composite transformations.
3-D viewing : Viewing pipeline, viewing coordinates, view volume and general projection transforms and
clipping (p.nos 427-443, 452-481 of text book -1).
UNIT VII :
Visible surface detection methods : Classification, back-face detection, depth-buffer, scan-line, depth
sorting, BSP-tree methods, area sub-division and octree methods(p.nos 489-505 of text book -1, Chapter 15 of
of text book-2).
UNIT VIII :
Computer animation : Design of animation sequence, general computer animation functions, raster
animation, computer animation languages, key frame systems, motion specifications. ( p.nos 604-616 of text
book -1, chapter 21 of text book-2).
TEXT BOOKS :
1. “Computer Graphics C version”, Donald Hearn and M.Pauline Baker, Pearson Education.
2. “Computer Graphics Principles & practice”, second edition in C, Foley, VanDam, Feiner and Hughes,
Pearson Education.
REFERENCES :
1. “Computer Graphics”, second Edition, Donald Hearn and M.Pauline Baker, PHI/Pearson Education.
2. “Computer Graphics Second edition”, Zhigand xiang, Roy Plastock, Schaum’s outlines, Tata Mc- Graw hill
edition.
3. Procedural elements for Computer Graphics, David F Rogers, Tata Mc Graw hill, 2nd edition.
4. “Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics”, Neuman and Sproul, TMH.
5. Principles of Computer Graphics, Shalini Govil, Pai, 2005, Springer.
6. Computer Graphics, Steven Harrington, TMH
52
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
OPERATING SYSTEMS
UNIT I :
Computer System and Operating System Overview: Overview of computer operating systems operating
systems functions protection and security distributed systems special purpose systems operating systems
structures and systems calls operating systems generation
UNIT II :
Process Management – Process concepts threads, scheduling-criteria algorithms, their evaluation,
Thread scheduling, case studies UNIX, Linux, Windows
UNIT III :
Concurrency : Process synchronization, the critical- section problem, Peterson’s Solution, synchronization
Hardware, semaphores, classic problems of synchronization, monitors, Synchronization examples, atomic
transactions. Case studies UNIX, Linux, Windows
UNIT IV :
Memory Management : Swapping, contiguous memory allocation, paging, structure of the page table ,
segmentation, virtual memory, demand paging, page-Replacement, algorithms, case studies UNIX, Linux,
Windows
UNIT V :
Principles of deadlock – system model, deadlock characterization, deadlock prevention, detection and
avoidance, recovery form deadlock,
I/O systems, Hardware, application interface, kernel I/O subsystem, Transforming I/O requests Hardware
operation, STREAMS, performance.
UNIT VI :
File system Interface- the concept of a file, Access Methods, Directory structure, File system mounting, file
sharing, protection.
File System implementation- File system structure, file system implementation, directory implementation,
directory implementation, allocation methods, free-space management, efficiency and performance, case
studies. UNIX, Linux, Windows
UNIT VII :
Mass-storage structure overview of Mass-storage structure, Disk structure, disk attachment disk scheduling,
swap-space management, RAID structure, stable-storage implementation, Tertiary storage structure.
UNIT VIII :
Protection : Protection, Goals of Protection, Principles of Protection, Domain of protection Access Matrix,
Implementation of Access Matrix, Access control, Revocation of Access Rights, Capability- Based systems,
Language – Based Protection,
Security- The Security problem, program threats, system and network threats cryptography as a security tool,
user authentication, implementing security defenses, firewalling to protect systems and networks, computer –
security classifications, case studies UNIX, Linux, Windows
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Operating System Concepts- Abraham Silberchatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne 7th Edition, John Wiley.
2. Operating systems- A Concept based Approach-D.M.Dhamdhere, 2nd Edition, TMH
REFERENCES :
1. Operating Systems’ – Internal and Design Principles Stallings, Fifth
Edition–2005, Pearson education/PHI
2. Operating System A Design Approach-Crowley, TMH.
3. Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S Tanenbaum 2nd edition
Pearson/PHI.
53
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
KAKINADA
0 3 2
IC APPLICATIONS LAB
1. 741 OPAMP Characteristics
2. Adder, Integrator and differentiator using 741 OPAMP
3. Function Generator using 741 OP AMP
4. IC 555 Timer –Astable Operation
5. IC 555 Timer – Monostable Operation
6. Study of Logic Gates
7. Study of Flip-Flops using Ics
8. Half Adder, Full Adder and Subtractor
9. Counters and Shift Registers & 7490 Counter
10. BCD to 7 Segment decoder using IC 7447
11. Voltage Regulator using IC 723
12. D/A Converter
13. A/D Converter
14. Multiplexer and Demultiplexer
54
KAKINADA
0 3 2
ADVANCED ENGLISH COMMUNICATION SKILLS LAB
1. Introduction
The introduction of the English Language Lab is considered essential at 3 rd year level. At this stage the
students need to prepare themselves for their careers which may require them to listen to, read, speak and
write in English both for their professional and interpersonal communication in the globalised context.
The proposed course should be an integrated theory and lab course to enable students to use ‘good’ English
and perform the following:
• Gather ideas and information, to organise ideas relevantly and coherently.
• Engage in debates.
• Participate in group discussions.
• Face interviews.
• Write project/research reports/technical reports.
• Make oral presentations.
• Write formal letters.
• Transfer information from non-verbal to verbal texts and vice versa.
• To take part in social and professional communication.
2. Objectives:
This Lab focuses on using computer-aided multimedia instruction for language development to meet the
following targets:
• To improve the students’ fluency in English, through a well-developed vocabulary and enable them to
listen to English spoken at normal conversational speed by educated English speakers and respond
appropriately in different socio-cultural and professional contexts.
• Further, they would be required to communicate their ideas relevantly and coherently in writing.
3. Syllabus:
The following course content is prescribed for the Advanced Communication Skills Lab:
 Functional English - starting a conversation – responding appropriately and relevantly – using the
right body language – role play in different situations.
 Vocabulary building – synonyms and antonyms, word roots, one-word substitutes, prefixes and
suffixes, study of word origin, analogy, idioms and phrases.
 Group Discussion – dynamics of group discussion , intervention, summarizing, modulation of voice,
body language, relevance, fluency and coherence.
 Interview Skills – concept and process, pre-interview planning, opening strategies, answering
strategies, interview through tele and video-conferencing.
 Resume’ writing – structure and presentation, planning, defining the career objective, projecting ones
strengths and skill-sets, summary, formats and styles, letter-writing.
 Reading comprehension – reading for facts, guessing meanings from context, scanning, skimming,
inferring meaning, critical reading.
 Technical Report writing – Types of formats and styles, subject matter – organization, clarity,
coherence and style, planning, data-collection, tools, analysis.
4. Minimum Requirement:
The English Language Lab shall have two parts:
i) The Computer aided Language Lab for 60 students with 60 systems, one master console, LAN
facility and English language software for self- study by learners.
ii) The Communication Skills Lab with movable chairs and audio-visual aids with a P.A System, a
T. V., a digital stereo –audio & video system and camcorder etc.
System Requirement ( Hardware component):
Computer network with Lan with minimum 60 multimedia systems with the following specifications:
iii) P – IV Processor
a) Speed – 2.8 GHZ
b) RAM – 512 MB Minimum
c) Hard Disk – 80 GB
iv) Headphones of High quality
55
5. Suggested Software:
The software consisting of the prescribed topics elaborated above should be procured and used.
Suggested Software:
• Clarity Pronunciation Power – part II
• Oxford Advanced Learner’s Compass, 7th Edition
• DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice.
• Lingua TOEFL CBT Insider, by Dreamtech
• TOEFL & GRE( KAPLAN, AARCO & BARRONS, USA, Cracking GRE by CLIFFS)
• The following software from ‘train2success.com’
 Preparing for being Interviewed,
 Positive Thinking,
 Interviewing Skills,
 Telephone Skills,
 Time Management
 Team Building,
 Decision making
• English in Mind, Herbert Puchta and Jeff Stranks with Meredith Levy, Cambridge
6. Books Recommended:
1. Effective Technical Communication, M. Ashraf Rizvi, Tata Mc. Graw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
2. A Course in English communication by Madhavi Apte, Prentice-Hall of India, 2007.
3. Communication Skills by Leena Sen, Prentice-Hall of India, 2005.
4. Academic Writing- A Practical guide for students by Stephen Bailey, Rontledge Falmer, London
& New York, 2004.
5. English Language Communication : A Reader cum Lab Manual Dr A Ramakrishna Rao, Dr G
Natanam & Prof SA Sankaranarayanan, Anuradha Publications, Chennai
6. Body Language- Your Success Mantra by Dr. Shalini Verma, S. Chand, 2006.
7. DELTA’s key to the Next Generation TOEFL Test: Advanced Skill Practice, New Age
International (P) Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.
8. Books on TOEFL/GRE/GMAT/CAT by Barron’s/cup
9. IELTS series with CDs by Cambridge University Press.
10. Technical Report Writing Today by Daniel G. Riordan & Steven E. Pauley, Biztantra Publishers,
2005.
11. Basic Communication Skills for Technology by Andra J. Rutherford, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2007.
12. Communication Skills for Engineers by Sunita Mishra & C. Muralikrishna, Pearson Education,
2007.
13. Objective English by Edgar Thorpe & Showick Thorpe, 2nd edition, Pearson Education, 2007.
14. Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test by Jolene Gear & Robert Gear, 4th Edition.
15. Technical Communication by Meenakshi Raman & Sangeeta Sharma, Oxford University Press.
DISTRIBUTION AND WEIGHTAGE OF MARKS:
Advanced Communication Skills Lab Practicals:
1. The practical examinations for the English Language Laboratory practice shall be conducted as per the
University norms prescribed for the core engineering practical sessions.
2. For the English Language lab sessions, there shall be a continuous evaluation during the year for 25
sessional marks and 50 End Examination marks. Of the 25 marks, 15 marks shall be awarded for day-to-day
work and 10 marks to be awarded by conducting Internal Lab Test(s). The End Examination shall be
conducted by the teacher concerned with the help of another member of the staff of the same department of
the same institution.
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KAKINADA
III Year B.Tech ECM II-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
Unit I: Introduction to Management: Concepts of Management and organization- Nature and Importance of
Management, Functions of Management, Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory, Fayol’s
Principles of Management, Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs, Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and
Theory Y, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, Systems Approach to Management,
Leadership Styles, Social responsibilities of Management.
Unit II: Designing Organisational Structures: Basic concepts related to Organisation - Departmentation and
Decentralisation, Types of mechanistic and organic structures of organisation (Line organization,
Line and staff organization, functional organization, Committee organization, matrix organization,
Virtual Organisation, Cellular Organisation, team structure, boundaryless organization, inverted
pyramid structure, lean and flat organization structure) and their merits, demerits and suitability.
Unit III: Operations Management: Principles and Types of Plant Layout-Methods of production (Job, batch
and Mass Production), Work Study -Basic procedure involved in Method Study and Work
Measurement-Statistical Quality Control: X chart, R chart, c chart, p chart, (simple Problems),
Acceptance Sampling, Deming’s contribution to quality.
Unit IV: A) Materials Management: Objectives, Need for Inventory control, EOQ, ABC Analysis, Purchase
Procedure, Stores Management and Stores Records - Supply Chain Management
B) Marketing: Functions of Marketing, Marketing Mix, Marketing Strategies based on Product
Life Cycle., Channels of distribution.
Unit V: Human Resources Management (HRM): Concepts of HRM, HRD and Personnel Management and
Industrial Relations (PMIR), HRM vs. PMIR, Basic functions of HR Manager: Manpower
planning, Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development, Placement, Wage and Salary
Administration, Promotion, Transfer, Separation, Performance Appraisal, Grievance Handling
and Welfare Administration, Job Evaluation and Merit Rating.
Unit VI: Project Management (PERT/CPM): Network Analysis, Programme Evaluation and Review
Technique (PERT), Critical Path Method (CPM), Identifying critical path, Probability of
Completing the project within given time, Project Cost Analysis, Project Crashing. (simple
problems)
Unit VII: Strategic Management: Mission, Goals, Objectives, Policy, Strategy, Programmes, Elements of
Corporate Planning Process, Environmental Scanning, SWOT Analysis, Steps in Strategy
Formulation and Implementation, Generic Strategy alternatives.
Unit VIII: Contemporary Management Practices: Basic concepts of Just-In-Time (JIT) System, Total Quality
Management (TQM), Six sigma and Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Levels, Value Chain
Analysis,Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Performance Management, Business Process
outsourcing (BPO), Business Process Re-engineering and Bench Marking, Balanced Score
Card.
Text Book:
1. Aryasri: Management Science, TMH, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Kotler Philip & Keller Kevin Lane: Marketing Mangement 12/e, PHI, 2007
2. Koontz & Weihrich: Essentials of Management, 6/e, TMH, 2007
3. Thomas N.Duening & John M.Ivancevich Management—Principles and Guidelines, Biztantra,2007.
4. Kanishka Bedi, Production and Operations Management, Oxford University Press, 2007.
57
5. Memoria & S.V.Ganker, Personnel Management, Himalaya, 25/e, 2007
6. Schermerhorn: Management, Wiley, 2007.
7. Parnell: Strategic Management, Biztantra,20073.
8. L.S.Srinath: PERT/CPM,Affiliated East-West Press, 2007.
Pre-requisites: Managerial Economics
Objective: To familiarize with the process of management and to provide basic insights into select
contemporary management practices.
Codes/Tables: Normal Distribution Function Table need to be permitted into the

examination Hall.
Question Paper Pattern: 5 Questions to be answered out of 8 questions.
Each question should not have more than 3 bits.
Unit VIII will have only short questions, not essay questions.
58
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
COMPUTER NETWORKS
UNIT – I
Introduction : OSI, TCP/IP and other networks models, Examples of Networks: Novell Networks ,Arpanet,
Internet, Network Topologies WAN, LAN, MAN.
UNIT - II
Physical Layer : Transmission media copper, twisted pair wireless, switching and encoding asynchronous
communications; Narrow band, broad band ISDN and ATM.
UNIT - III
Data link layer : Design issues, framing, error detection and correction, CRC, Elementary Protocol-stop and
wait, Sliding Window, Slip, Data link layer in HDLC, Internet, ATM.
UNIT - IV
Medium Access sub layer : ALOHA, MAC addresses, Carrier sense multiple access. IEEE 802.X Standard
Ethernet, wireless LANS. Bridges
UNIT - V
Network Layer : Virtual circuit and Datagram subnets-Routing algorithm shortest path routing, Flooding,
Hierarchical routing, Broad cast, Multi cast, distance vector routing.
UNIT – VI
Dynamic routing – Broadcast routing. Rotary for mobility. Congestion, Control Algorithms – General Principles
– of Congestion prevension policies. Internet working: The Network layer in the internet and in the ATM
Networks.
UNIT –VII
Transport Layer: Transport Services, Connection management, TCP and UDP protocols; ATM AAL Layer
Protocol.
UNIT – VIII
Application Layer – Network Security, Domain name system, SNMP, Electronic Mail; the World WEB, Multi
Media.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Computer Networks — Andrew S Tanenbaum, 4th Edition. Pearson Education/PHI
2. Data Communications and Networking – Behrouz A. Forouzan. Third Edition TMH.
REFERENCES :
1. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks-S.Keshav, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education
2. Understanding communications and Networks, 3rd Edition, W.A. Shay, Thomson
59
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
EMBEDDED AND REAL TIME SYSTEMS
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION : Embedded systems overview, design challenge, processor technology, IC technology,
Design Technology, Trade-offs. Single purpose processors RT-level combinational logic, sequential logic
(RT-level), custom single purpose processor design (RT-level), optimizing custom single purpose processors.
UNIT II
GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSORS : Basic architecture, operation, Pipelining, Programmer’s
view, development environment, Application Specific Instruction-Set Processors (ASIPs) – Micro
Controllers and Digital Signal Processors.
UNIT III
STATE MACHINE AND CONCURRENT PROCESS MODELS : Introduction, models Vs. languages,
finite state machines with data path model (FSMD), using state machines, program state machine model
(PSM), concurrent process model, concurrent processes, communication among processes, synchronization
among processes, implementation, data flow model, real-time systems.
UNIT IV
COMMUNICATION INTERFACE : Need for communication interfaces, RS232 / UART, RS422 /
RS485, USB, Infrared, IEEE 1394 Firewire, Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, Blue tooth.
UNIT V
EMBEDDED / RTOS CONCEPTS – I : Architecture of the Kernel, Tasks and Task scheduler, Interrupt
service routines, Semaphores, Mutex.
UNIT VI
EMBEDDED/RTOS CONCEPTS – II : Mailboxes , Message Queues, Event Registers, Pipes, Signals
UNIT VII
EMBEDDED / RTOS CONCEPTS – III : Timers, Memory Management, Priority inversion problem,
Embedded operating systems Embedded Linux, Real-time operating systems, RT Linux, Handheld operating
systems, Windows CE.
UNIT VIII
DESIGN TECHNOLOGY : Introduction, Automation, Synthesis, Parallel evolution of compilation and
synthesis, Logic Synthesis, RT synthesis, Behavioral Synthesis, Systems Synthesis and Hardware/
Software Co-Design, Verification, Hardware/Software co-simulation, Reuse of intellectual property codes.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Embedded System Design – A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction - Frank Vahid, Tony D.
Givargis, John Wiley, 2002.
2. Embedded / Real Time Systems – KVKK Prasad, Dreamtech Press, 2005.
REFERENCES :
1. Embedded Microcomputer Systems – Jonathan W. Valvano, Brooks / Cole, Thompson Learning.
2. An Embedded Software Primer – David E. Simon, Pearson Ed., 2005.
3. Introduction to Embedded Systems – Raj Kamal, TMS, 2002.
60
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
UNIT I
Digital image fundamentals - Digital Image through scanner, digital camera. Concept of gray levels. Gray
level to binary image conversion. Sampling and quantization. Relation ship between pixels. Imaging
Geometry.
UNIT II
Image Transforms 2-D FFT , Properties. Walsh transform, Hadamard Transform, Discrete cosine Transform,
Haar transform, Slant transform, Hotelling transform.
UNIT III
Image enhancement Point processing. Histogram processing. Spatial filtering.
UNIT IV
Enhancement in frequency domain, Image smoothing, Image sharpening.
UNIT V
Colour image processing : Psedo colour image processing, full colour image processing.
UNIT VI
Image Restoration Degradation model, Algebraic approach to restoration, Inverse filtering, Least mean
square filters, Constrained Least Squares Restoration, Interactive Restoration.
UNIT VII
Image segmentation Detection of discontinuities. Edge linking and boundary detection, Thresholding,
Region oriented segmentation.
UNIT VIII
Image compression Redundancies and their removal methods, Fidelity criteria, Image compression models,
Source encoder and decoder, Error free compression, Lossy compression.
TEXT BOOK :
1. Digital Image processing – R.C. Gonzalez & R.E. Woods, Addison Wesley/ Pearson education,
2nd Education, 2002.
REFERENCES :
1. Fundamentals of Digital Image processing – A.K.Jain , PHI.
2. Digital Image processing using MAT LAB – Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E Woods and Steven
L. Edition, PEA, 2004.
3. Digital Image Processing – William K. Pratt, John Wilely, 3rd Edition, 2004.
4. Fundamentals of Electronic Image Processing – Weeks Jr., SPIC/IEEE Series, PHI.
61
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
UNIT I :
Introduction to Software Engineering : The evolving role of software, Changing Nature of Software,
Software myths.
A Generic view of process : Software engineering- A layered technology, a process framework, The
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), Process patterns, process assessment, personal and team
process models.
UNIT II :
Process models : The waterfall model, Incremental process models, Evolutionary process models, The
Unified process.
Software Requirements : Functional and non-functional requirements, User requirements, System
requirements, Interface specification, the software requirements document.
UNIT III :
Requirements engineering process : Feasibility studies, Requirements elicitation and analysis,
Requirements validation, Requirements management.
System models : Context Models, Behavioral models, Data models, Object models, structured methods.
UNIT IV :
Design Engineering : Design process and Design quality, Design concepts, the design model.
Creating an architectural design : Software architecture, Data design, Architectural styles and patterns,
Architectural Design.
UNIT V :
Object-Oriented Design : Objects and object classes, An Object-Oriented design process, Design evolution.
Performing User interface design : Golden rules, User interface analysis and design, interface analysis,
interface design steps, Design evaluation.
UNIT VI :
Testing Strategies : A strategic approach to software testing, test strategies for conventional software, Black-
Box and White-Box testing, Validation testing, System testing, the art of Debugging.
Product metrics : Software Quality, Metrics for Analysis Model, Metrics for Design Model, Metrics for source
code, Metrics for testing, Metrics for maintenance.
UNIT VII :
Metrics for Process and Products : Software Measurement, Metrics for software quality.
Risk management : Reactive vs. Proactive Risk strategies, software risks, Risk identification, Risk projection,
Risk refinement, RMMM, RMMM Plan.
UNIT VIII :
Quality Management : Quality concepts, Software quality assurance, Software Reviews, Formal technical
reviews, Statistical Software quality Assurance, Software reliability, The ISO 9000 quality standards.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Software Engineering, A practitioner’s Approach- Roger S. Pressman, 6th edition.McGrawHill International
Edition.
2. Software Engineering- Sommerville, 7th edition, Pearson education.
REFERENCES :
1. Software Engineering- K.K. Agarwal & Yogesh Singh, New Age International Publishers
2. Software Engineering, an Engineering approach- James F. Peters, Witold Pedrycz, John Wiely.
3. Systems Analysis and Design- Shely Cashman Rosenblatt,Thomson Publications.
4. Software Engineering principles and practice- Waman S Jawadekar, The McGraw-Hill Companies.
62
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS
UNIT I :
Introduction: Algorithm,Psuedo code for expressing algorithms,Performance Analysis-Space complexity, Time
complexity, Asymptotic Notation- Big oh notation, Omega notation, Theta notation and Little oh
notation,Probabilistic analysis, Amortized analysis.
UNIT II :
Disjoint Sets- disjoint set operations, union and find algorithms, spanning trees, connected components and
biconnected components.
UNIT III :
Divide and conquer: General method , applications-Binary search, Quick sort, Merge sort, Strassen’s matrix
multiplication.
UNIT IV :
Greedy method: General method, applications-Job sequencing with dead lines, 0/1 knapsack problem,
Minimum cost spanning trees, Single source shortest path problem.
UNIT V :
Dynamic Programming: General method, applications-Matrix chain multiplication, Optimal binary search trees,
0/1 knapsack problem, All pairs shortest path problem,Travelling sales person problem, Reliability design.
UNIT VI :
Backtracking: General method, applications-n-queen problem, sum of subsets problem, graph coloring,
Hamiltonian cycles.
UNIT VII :
Branch and Bound: General method, applications - Travelling sales person problem,0/1 knapsack problem- LC
Branch and Bound solution, FIFO Branch and Bound solution.
UNIT VIII :
NP-Hard and NP-Complete problems: Basic concepts, non deterministic algorithms, NP - Hard and
NPComplete classes, Cook’s theorem.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms, Ellis Horowitz,Satraj Sahni and
Rajasekharam,Galgotia publications pvt. Ltd.
2. Algorithm Design: Foundations, Analysis and Internet examples,
M.T.Goodrich and R.Tomassia,John wiley and sons.
REFERENCES :
1. Introduction to Algorithms, secondedition,T.H.Cormen,C.E.Leiserson,
R.L.Rivest,and C.Stein,PHI Pvt. Ltd./ Pearson Education
2. Introduction to Design and Analysis of Algorithms A strategic approach,
R.C.T.Lee, S.S.Tseng, R.C.Chang and T.Tsai, Mc Graw Hill.
3. Data structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, Allen Weiss, Second
edition, Pearson education.
4. Design and Analysis of algorithms, Aho, Ullman and Hopcroft,Pearson
education.
5. Algorithms – Richard Johnson baugh and Marcus Schaefer, Pearson
Education
63
KAKINADA
0 3 2
MICROPROCESSORS AND INTERFACING LAB
I. Microprocessor 8086 :
1. Introduction to MASM/TASM.
2. Arithmetic operation – Multi byte Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division – Signed and
unsigned Arithmetic operation, ASCII – arithmetic operation.
3. Logic operations – Shift and rotate – Converting packed BCD to unpacked BCD, BCD to ASCII
conversion.
4. By using string operation and Instruction prefix: Move Block, Reverse string, Sorting, Inserting, Deleting,
Length of the string, String comparison.
5. DOS/BIOS programming: Reading keyboard (Buffered with and without echo) – Display characters,
Strings.
II. Interfacing :
1. 8259 – Interrupt Controller : Generate an interrupt using 8259 timer.
2. 8279 – Keyboard Display : Write a small program to display a string of characters.
3. 8255 – PPI : Write ALP to generate sinusoidal wave using PPI.
4. 8251 – USART : Write a program in ALP to establish Communication between two processors.
III. Microcontroller 8051

1. Reading and Writing on a parallel port.
2. Timer in different modes.
3. Serial communication implementation.

1. 8086 µP Kits
2. 8051 Micro Controller kits
3. Interfaces/peripheral subsystems
i) 8259 PIC
ii) 8279-KB/Display
iii) 8255 PPI
iv) 8251 USART
4. ADC Interface
5. DAC Interface
6. Traffic Controller Interface
7. Elevator Interface
64
KAKINADA
0 3 2
COMPUTER NETWORKS AND OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB
Part - A
1. Implement the data link layer framing methods such as character, character stuffing and bit
stuffing.
2. Implement on a data set of characters the three CRC polynomials – CRC 12, CRC 16 and CRC
CCIP .
3. Implement Dijkstra ‘s algorithm to compute the Shortest path thru a graph.
4. Take an example subnet graph with weights indicating delay between nodes. Now obtain Routing
table art each node using distance vector routing algorithm
5. Take an example subnet of hosts . Obtain broadcast tree for it.
6. Take a 64 bit playing text and encrypt the same using DES algorithm .
7. Write a program to break the above DES coding
8. Using RSA algorithm Encrypt a text data and Decrypt the same .
Part - B
1. Simulate the following CPU scheduling algorithms
a) Round Robin b) SJF c) FCFS d) Priority
2. Simulate all file allocation strategies
a) Sequentialb) Indexed c) Linked
3. Simulate MVT and MFT
4. Simulate all File Organization Techniques
a) Single level directory b) Two level c) Hierarchical d) DAG
5. Simulate Bankers Algorithm for Dead Lock Avoidance
6. Simulate Bankers Algorithm for Dead Lock Prevention
7. Simulate all page replacement algorithms
a) FIFO b) LRU c) LFU Etc. …
8. Simulate Paging Technique of memory management.
65
KAKINADA
IV Year B.Tech ECM I-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
VLSI DESIGN
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION : Introduction to IC Technology – MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS & BiCMOS
technologies- Oxidation, Lithography, Diffusion, Ion implantation, Metallisation, Encapsulation, Probe
testing, Integrated Resistors and Capacitors.
UNIT II
BASIC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES : Basic Electrical Properties of MOS and BiCMOS Circuits:
Ids-Vds relationships, MOS transistor threshold Voltage, gm, gds, figure of merit o; Pass transistor,
NMOS Inverter, Various pull ups, CMOS Inverter analysis and design, Bi-CMOS Inverters.
UNIT III
VLSI CIRCUIT DESIGN PROCESSES : VLSI Design Flow, MOS Layers, Stick Diagrams, Design
Rules and Layout, 2 m CMOS Design rules for wires, Contacts and Transistors Layout Diagrams for
NMOS and CMOS Inverters and Gates, Scaling of MOS circuits, Limitations of Scaling.
UNIT IV
GATE LEVEL DESIGN : Logic Gates and Other complex gates, Switch logic, Alternate gate circuits,
Basic circuit concepts, Sheet Resistance RS and its concept to MOS, Area Capacitance Units, Calculations
Delays, Driving large Capacitive Loads, Wiring Capacitances, Fan-in and fan-out, Choice of layers
UNIT V
SUBSYSTEM DESIGN : Subsystem Design, Shifters, Adders, ALUs, Multipliers, Parity generators,
Comparators, Zero/One Detectors, Counters, High Density Memory Elements.
UNIT VI
SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN : PLAs, FPGAs, CPLDs, Standard Cells,
Programmable Array Logic, Design Approach.
UNIT VII
VHDL SYNTHESIS : VHDL Synthesis, Circuit Design Flow, Circuit Synthesis, Simulation, Layout,
Design capture tools, Design Verification Tools, Test Principles.
UNIT VIII
CMOS TESTING : CMOS Testing, Need for testing, Test Principles, Design Strategies for test, Chiplevel
Test Techniques, System-level Test Techniques, Layout Design for improved Testability.
TEXTBOOKS :
1. Essentials of VLSI circuits and systems – Kamran Eshraghian, Eshraghian Dougles and A. Pucknell,
PHI, 2005 Edition.
3. Principles of CMOS VLSI Design - Weste and Eshraghian, Pearson Education, 1999.
4.
REFERENCES :
1. Chip Design for Submicron VLSI: CMOS Layout & Simulation, - John P. Uyemura, Thomson
Learning.
2. Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems - John .P. Uyemura, JohnWiley, 2003.
3. Digital Integrated Circuits - John M. Rabaey, PHI, EEE, 1997.
4. Modern VLSI Design - Wayne Wolf, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 1997.
66
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
UNIX PROGRAMMING
Unit I:
Introduction to Unix:- Architecture of Unix, Features of Unix , Unix Commands – PATH, man, echo, printf,
script, passwd, uname, who, date, stty, pwd, cd, mkdir, rmdir, ls, cp, mv, rm, cat, more, wc, lp, od, tar, gzip.
Unit II :
Unix Utilities:- Introduction to unix file system, vi editor, file handling utilities, security by file permissions,
process utilities, disk utilities, networking commands, unlink, du, df, mount, umount, find, unmask, ulimit, ps,
w, finger, arp, ftp, telnet, rlogin.Text processing utilities and backup utilities , detailed commands to be covered
are tail, head , sort, nl, uniq, grep, egrep, fgrep, cut, paste, join, tee, pg, comm, cmp, diff, tr, awk, cpio
Unit III :
Introduction to Shells :
Unix Session, Standard Streams, Redirection, Pipes, Tee Command, Command Execution, Command-Line
Editing, Quotes, Command Substitution, Job Control, Aliases, Variables, Predefined Variables, Options,
Shell/Environment Customization.
Filters :
Filters and Pipes, Concatenating files, Display Beginning and End of files, Cut and Paste, Sorting, Translating
Characters, Files with Duplicate Lines, Count characters, Words or Lines, Comparing Files.
Unit IV :
Grep :
Operation, grep Family, Searching for File Content.
Sed :
Scripts, Operation, Addresses, commands, Applications, grep and sed.
Unit V :
awk:
Execution, Fields and Records, Scripts, Operations, Patterns, Actions, Associative Arrays, String Functions,
String Functions, Mathematical Functions, User – Defined Functions, Using System commands in awk,
Applications, awk and grep, sed and awk.
Unit VI :
Interactive Korn Shell :
Korn Shell Features, Two Special Files, Variables, Output, Input, Exit Status of a Command, eval Command,
Environmental Variables, Options, Startup Scripts, Command History, Command Execution Process.
Korn Shell Programming :
Basic Script concepts, Expressions, Decisions: Making Selections, Repetition, special Parameters and
Variables, changing Positional Parameters, Argument Validation, Debugging Scripts, Script Examples.
Unit VII :
Interactive C Shell :
C shell features, Two Special Files, Variables, Output, Input, Exit Status of a Command, eval Command,
Environmental Variables, On-Off Variables, Startup and Shutdown Scripts, Command History, Command
Execution Scripts.
C Shell Programming :
Basic Script concepts, Expressions, Decisions: Making Selections, Repetition, special Parameters and
Variables, changing Positional Parameters, Argument Validation, Debugging Scripts, Script Examples.
Unit VIII :
File Management :
File Structures, System Calls for File Management – create, open, close, read, write, lseek, link, symlink,
unlink, stat, fstat, lstat, chmod, chown, Directory API – opendir, readdir, closedir, mkdir, rmdir, umask.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Unix and shell Programming Behrouz A. Forouzan, Richard F. Gilberg.Thomson
67
2. Your Unix the ultimate guide, Sumitabha Das, TMH. 2nd Edition.
REFERENCES :
1. Unix for programmers and users, 3rd edition, Graham Glass, King Ables, Pearson Education.
2. Unix programming environment, Kernighan and Pike, PHI. / Pearson Education
3. The Complete Reference Unix, Rosen, Host, Klee, Farber, Rosinski, Second Edition, TMH.
68
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
UNIT I :
Data base System Applications, data base System VS file System – View of Data – Data Abstraction –
Instances and Schemas – data Models – the ER Model – Relational Model – Other Models – Database
Languages – DDL – DML – database Access for applications Programs – data base Users and Administrator
– Transaction Management – data base System Structure – Storage Manager – the Query Processor
UNIT II :
History of Data base Systems. Data base design and ER diagrams – Beyond ER Design Entities, Attributes
and Entity sets – Relationships and Relationship sets – Additional features of ER Model – Concept Design with
the ER Model – Conceptual Design for Large enterprises.
UNIT III :
Introduction to the Relational Model – Integrity Constraint Over relations – Enforcing Integrity constraints –
Querying relational data – Logical data base Design – Introduction to Views – Destroying /altering Tables and
Views.
Relational Algebra – Selection and projection set operations – renaming – Joins – Division – Examples of
Algebra overviews – Relational calculus – Tuple relational Calculus – Domain relational calculus – Expressive
Power of Algebra and calculus.
UNIT IV :
Form of Basic SQL Query – Examples of Basic SQL Queries – Introduction to Nested Queries – Correlated
Nested Queries Set – Comparison Operators – Aggregative Operators – NULL values – Comparison using
Null values – Logical connectivity’s – AND, OR and NOT – Impact on SQL Constructs – Outer Joins –
Disallowing NULL values – Complex Integrity Constraints in SQL Triggers and Active Data bases.
UNIT V :
Schema refinement – Problems Caused by redundancy – Decompositions – Problem related to decomposition
– reasoning about FDS – FIRST, SECOND, THIRD Normal forms – BCNF – Lossless join Decomposition –
Dependency preserving Decomposition – Schema refinement in Data base Design – Multi valued
Dependencies – FORTH Normal Form.
UNIT VI :
Transaction Concept- Transaction State- Implementation of Atomicity and Durability – Concurrent –
Executions – Serializability- Recoverability – Implementation of Isolation – Testing for serializability- Lock –
Based Protocols – Timestamp Based Protocols- Validation- Based Protocols – Multiple Granularity.
UNIT VII :
Recovery and Atomicity – Log – Based Recovery – Recovery with Concurrent Transactions – Buffer
Management – Failure with loss of nonvolatile storage-Advance Recovery systems- Remote Backup systems.
UNIT VIII :
Data on External Storage – File Organization and Indexing – Cluster Indexes, Primary and Secondary Indexes
– Index data Structures – Hash Based Indexing – Tree base Indexing – Comparison of File Organizations –
Indexes and Performance Tuning- Intuitions for tree Indexes – Indexed Sequential Access Methods (ISAM) –
B+ Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Data base Management Systems, Raghurama Krishnan, Johannes Gehrke, TATA McGrawHill 3rd Edition
2. Data base System Concepts, Silberschatz, Korth, McGraw hill, V edition.
REFERENCES :
1. Data base Systems design, Implementation, and Management, Peter Rob & Carlos Coronel 7th Edition.
2. Fundamentals of Database Systems, Elmasri Navrate Pearson Education
3. Introduction to Database Systems, C.J.Date Pearson Education
69
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
AUTOMATA AND COMPILER DESIGN
UNIT-I
Formal Language and Regular Expressions : Languages, Definition Languages regular expressions, Finite
Automata – DFA, NFA. Conversion of regular expression to NFA, NFA to DFA. Applications of Finite Automata
to lexical analysis, lex tools.
UNIT-II
Context Free grammars and parsing : Context free grammars, derivation, parse trees, ambiguity LL(K)
grammars and LL(1) parsing
UNIT-III
Bottom up parsing handle pruning LR Grammar Parsing, LALR parsing, parsing ambiguous grammars, YACC
programming specification.
UNIT-IV
Semantics : Syntax directed translation, S-attributed and L-attributed grammars, Intermediate code – abstract
syntax tree, translation of simple statements and control flow statements.
UNIT-V
Context Sensitive features – Chomsky hierarchy of languages and recognizers. Type checking, type
conversions, equivalence of type expressions, overloading of functions and operations.
UNIT-VI
Run time storage : Storage organization, storage allocation strategies scope access to now local names,
parameters, language facilities for dynamics storage allocation.
UNIT-VII
Code optimization : Principal sources of optimization, optimization of basic blocks, peephole optimization,
flow graphs, Data flow analysis of flow graphs.
UNIT-VIII
Code generation : Machine dependent code generation, object code forms, generic code generation
algorithm, Register allocation and assignment. Using DAG representation of Block.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Introduction to Theory of computation.Sipser,2nd Edition,Thomson.
2. Compilers Principles, Techniques and Tools Aho, Ullman, Ravisethi, Pearson
Education.
REFERENCES :
1. Modern Compiler Construction in C , Andrew W.Appel Cambridge University
Press.
2. Compiler Construction, LOUDEN, Thomson.
70
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EM WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
(ELECTIVE - I)
UNIT I
ELECTROSTATICS [1] : Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity – Fields due to Different Charge
Distributions, Electric Flux Density, Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential, Relations Between E and
V, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Energy Density, Related Problems. Convection and
Conduction Currents, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and Homogeneous Dielectrics, Continuity Equation,
Relaxation Time, Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations; Capacitance – Parallel Plate, Coaxial, Spherical
Capacitors, Related Problems.
UNIT II
Magneto Statics [1] : Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux Density,
Maxwell’s Two Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials, Forces due to
Magnetic Fields, Ampere’s Force Law, Inductances and Magnetic Energy. Related Problems.
UNIT III
Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields) [2] : Faraday’s Law and Transformer emf, Inconsistency of
Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell’s Equations in Different Final Forms and Word
Statements. Conditions at a Boundary Surface: Dielectric-Dielectric and Dielectric-Conductor Interfaces.
Related Problems [2,1].
UNIT IV
EM Wave Characteristics - I [2] : Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media, Uniform
Plane Waves – Definition, All Relations Between E & H. Sinusoidal Variations. Wave Propagation in Lossless
and Conducting Media. Conductors & Dielectrics – Characterization, Wave Propagation in Good Conductors
and Good Dielectrics. Polarization. Related Problems.
UNIT V
EM Wave Characteristics – II [2] : Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal and Oblique
Incidences, for both Perfect Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total
Internal Reflection, Surface Impedance. Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem – Applications, Power Loss in
a Plane Conductor. Related Problems [2,1].
UNIT V
Guided Waves : Parallel Plane Waveguides [2] : Introduction, TE, TM, TEM Modes - Concepts and Analysis,
Cut-off Frequencies, Velocities, Wavelengths, Wave Impedances. Attenuations Factor – Expression for TEM
Case. Related Problems.
UNIT VII
Transmission Lines - I : Types, Parameters, Transmission Line Equations, Primary & Secondary
Constants, Expressions for Characteristic Impedance, Propagation Constant, Phase and Group Velocities,
Infinite Line Concepts, Losslessness/Low Loss Characterization, Distortion – Condition for istortionlessness
and Minimum Attenuation, Loading - Types of Loading. Related Problems.
UNIT VIII
Transmission Lines – II : Input Impedance Relations, SC and OC Lines, Reflection Coefficient,
VSWR. UHF Lines as Circuit Elements; 8 / , 2 / , 4 / Lines – Impedance Transformations. Smith
Chart – Configuration and Applications, Single and Double Stub Matching. Related Problems.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Elements of Electromagnetics – Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Oxford Univ. Press, 3rd ed., 2001.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2000.
REFERENCES :
1. Engineering Electromagnetics – Nathan Ida, Springer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2nd ed., 2005.
2. Networks, Lines and Fields – John D. Ryder, PHI, 2nd ed., 1999.
3. Engineering Electromagnetics – William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, TMH, 7th ed., 2006.
4. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines – G.S.N. Raju, Pearson Edn. Pte. Ltd., 2005.
5. Transmission Lines and Networks – Umesh Sinha, Satya Prakashan (Tech. India Publications), New Delhi,
2001.
71
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(ELECTIVE - I)
UNIT-I
Introduction : AI problems, foundation of AI and history of AI intelligent agents:
Agents and Environments, the concept of rationality, the nature of environments, structure of agents, problem
solving agents, problem formulation.
UNIT-II
Searching: Searching for solutions, uniformed search strategies – Breadth first search, depth first search,
Depth limited search, Iterative deepening depth first search bi-direction search - comparison. Search with
partial information (Heuristic search) Greedy best first search, A* search, Memory bounded heuristic search,
Heuristic functions.
UNIT-III
Local search Algorithms, Hill climbing, simulated, annealing search, local beam search, genetical algorithms.
Constrain satisfaction problems: Backtracking search for CSPs local search for constraint satisfaction
problems.
UNIT-IV
Game Playing: Adversial search, Games, minimax, algorithm, optimal decisions in multiplayer games, Alpha-
Beta pruning, Evaluation functions, cutting of search.
UNIT-V
Knowledge Representation & Reasons logical Agents, Knowledge – Based Agents, the Wumpus world, logic,
propositional logic, Resolution patterns in propos ional logic, Resolution, Forward & Backward. Chaining.
UNIT-VI
First order logic. Inference in first order logic, propositional Vs. first order inference, unification & lifts forward
chaining, Backward chaining, Resolution.
UNIT-VII
Planning – Classical planning problem, Language of planning problems,
Expressiveness and extension, planning with state – space search, Forward states spare search, Backward
states space search, Heuristics for stats space search. Planning search, planning with state space search,
partial order planning Graphs.
UNIT-VIII
Learning – Forms of learning, Induction learning, Learning Decision Tree, Statistical learning methods,
learning with complex data, learning with Hidden variables – The EM Algorithm, Instance Based learning,
Neural Networks.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach. Second Edition, Stuart Russel,
Peter Norvig, PHI/Pearson Education.
2. Artificial Intelligence, 3rd Edition, Patrick Henry Winston., Pearson Edition,
Reference:
1. Artificial Intelligence , 2nd Edition, E.Rich and K.Knight (TMH).
2. Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems – Patterson PHI
3. Expert Systems: Principles and Programming- Fourth Edn, Giarrantana/ Riley, Thomson
4. PROLOG Programming for Artificial Intelligence. Ivan Bratka- Third Edition
– Pearson Education.
72
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CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
(ELECTIVE - I)
UNIT I
CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS : Introduction to Cellular Mobile System, Performance
criteria, uniqueness of mobile radio environment, operation of cellular systems, Hexagonal shaped cells,
Analog and Digital Cellular systems.
UNIT II
ELEMENTS OF CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN : General description of the problem, concept
of frequency channels, Co-channel Interference Reduction Factor, desired C/I from a normal case in a
omni directional Antenna system, Cell splitting, consideration of the components of Cellular system.
UNIT III
INTERFERENCE : Introduction to Co-Channel Interference, real time Co-Channel interference, Co-
Channel measurement, design of Antenna system, Antenna parameters and their effects, diversity
receiver, non-co-channel interference-different types.
UNIT IV
CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND TRAFFIC : Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain, effect of
human made structures, phase difference between direct and reflected paths, constant standard deviation,
straight line path loss slope, general formula for mobile propagation over water and flat open area, near and
long distance propagation antenna height gain, form of a point to point model.
UNIT V
CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS : Sum and difference patterns and their synthesis, omni
directional antennas, directional antennas for interference reduction, space diversity antennas, umbrella
pattern antennas, minimum separation of cell site antennas, high gain antennas.
UNIT VI
FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT : Numbering and grouping, setup
access and paging channels channel assignments to cell sites and mobile units, channel sharing and
borrowing, sectorization, overlaid cells, non fixed channel assignment.
UNIT VII
Handoff, dropped calls and cell splitting, types of handoff, handoff invitation, delaying handoff, forced
handoff, mobile assigned handoff. Intersystem handoff, cell splitting, micro cells, vehicle locating methods,
dropped call rates and their evaluation.
UNIT VIII
DIGITAL CELLULAR NETWORKS : GSM architecture, GSM channels, multiplex access scheme ,
TDMA, CDMA.
TEXTBOOKS :
1. Mobile Cellular Telecommunications – W.C.Y. Lee, MC Graw Hill, 2nd Edn., 1989.
2. Wireless Communications - Theodore. S. Rapport, Pearson education, 2nd Edn., 2002.
REFERENCES :
1. Wireless Communication Technology – R. Blake, Thompson Asia Pvt. Ltd., 2004.
2. Wireless Communication and Networking – Jon W. Mark and Weihua Zhqung, PHI, 2005.
3. Cellular & Mobile Communications – Lee, MC Graw Hill.
73
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DSP PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES
(ELECTIVE – II)
UNIT I
INTORODUCTION TO DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESING : Introduction, A Digital signal-processing
system, The sampling process, Discrete time sequences. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT), Linear time-invariant systems, Digital filters, Decimation and interpolation,
Analysis and Design tool for DSP Systems MATLAB, DSP using MATLAB.
UNIT II
COMPUTATIONAL ACCURACY IN DSP IMPLEMENTATIONS : Number formats for signals and
coefficients in DSP systems, Dynamic Range and Precision, Sources of error in DSP implementations,
A/D Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors, D/A Conversion Errors, Compensating filter.
UNIT III
ARCHITECTURES FOR PROGRAMMABLE DSP DEVICES : Basic Architectural features, DSP
Computational Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory, Data Addressing Capabilities, Address
Generation Unit, Programmability and Program Execution, Speed Issues, Features for External interfacing.
UNIT IV
EXECUTION CONTROL AND PIPELINING : Hardware looping, Interrupts, Stacks, Relative Branch
support, Pipelining and Performance, Pipeline Depth, Interlocking, Branching effects, Interrupt effects,
Pipeline Programming models.
UNIT V
PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS : Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices,
Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors,
Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX instructions and
Programming, On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline Operation of
TMS320C54XX Processors.
UNIT VI
IMPLEMENTATIONS OF BASIC DSP ALGORITHMS : The Q-notation, FIR Filters, IIR Filters,
Interpolation Filters, Decimation Filters, PID Controller, Adaptive Filters, 2-D Signal Processing.
UNIT VII
IMPLEMENTATION OF FFT ALGORITHMS : An FFT Algorithm for DFT Computation, A Butterfly
Computation, Overflow and scaling, Bit-Reversed index generation, An 8-Point FFT implementation on the
TMS320C54XX, Computation of the signal spectrum.
UNIT VIII
INTERFACING MEMORY AND I/O PERIPHERALS TO PROGRAMMABLE DSP DEVICES :
Memory space organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O interface,
Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).
2005-2006 2005-2006
42
A Multichannel buffered serial port (McBSP), McBSP Programming, a CODEC interface circuit, CODEC
programming, A CODEC-DSP interface example.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Digital Signal Processing – Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson Publications, 2004.
2. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures & Features – Lapsley et al. S. Chand & Co, 2000.
REFERENCES :
1. Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications – B. Venkata Ramani
and M. Bhaskar, TMH, 2004.
2. Digital Signal Processing – Jonatham Stein, John Wiley, 2005.
74
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NEURAL NETWORKS
(ELECTIVE – II)
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION - what is a neural network? Human Brain, Models of a Neuron, Neural networks viewed
as Directed Graphs, Network Architectures, Knowledge Representation, Artificial Intelligence and Neural
Networks (p. no’s 1 –49)
UNIT II
LEARNING PROCESS – Error Correction learning, Memory based learning, Hebbian learing, Competitive,
Boltzmann learning, Credit Asssignment Problem, Memory, Adaption, Statistical nature of the learning
process, (p. no’s 50 –116)
UNIT III
SINGLE LAYER PERCEPTRONS – Adaptive filtering problem, Unconstrained Organization Techniques,
Linear least square filters, least mean square algorithm, learning curves, Learning rate annealing techniques,
perceptron –convergence theorem, Relation between perceptron and Bayes classifier for a Gaussian
Environment (p. no’s 117 –155)
UNIT IV
MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON – Back propagation algorithm XOR problem, Heuristics, Output
representation and decision rule, Comuter experiment, feature detection, (p. no’s 156 –201)
UNIT V
BACK PROPAGATION - back propagation and differentiation, Hessian matrix, Generalization, Cross
validation, Network pruning Techniques, Virtues and limitations of back propagation learning, Accelerated
convergence, supervised learning. (p. no’s 202 –234)
UNIT VI
SELF ORGANIZATION MAPS – Two basic feature mapping models, Self organization map, SOM
algorithm, properties of feature map, computer simulations, learning vector quantization, Adaptive patter
classification (P.no’s 443 –469, 9.1 –9.8).
UNIT VII
NEURO DYNAMICS – Dynamical systems, stavility of equilibrium states, attractors, neurodynamical
models, manipulation of attarctors as a recurrent network paradigm (p. no’s 664 –680, 14.1 –14.6 )
UNIT VIII
HOPFIELD MODELS – Hopfield models, computer experiment I (p. no’s 680- 701, 14.7 –14.8 )
TEXT BOOK :
1. Neural networks A comprehensive foundations, Simon Hhaykin, Pearson Education 2nd edition 2004
REFERENCES :
1. Artifical neural networks - B.Vegnanarayana Prentice Halll of India P Ltd 2005.
2. Neural networks in Computer intelligence, Li Min Fu TMH 2003.
3. Neural networks James A Freeman David M S kapura pearson education 2004.
75
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MOBILE COMPUTING
(ELECTIVE – II)
UNIT - I
Introduction to Mobile Communications and Computing : Mobile Computing (MC) : Introduction to MC,
novel applications, limitations, and architecture.
GSM : Mobile services, System architecture, Radio interface, Protocols, Localization and calling, Handover,
Security, and New data services.
UNIT - II
(Wireless) Medium Access Control : Motivation for a specialized MAC (Hidden and exposed terminals, Near
and far terminals), SDMA, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA.
UNIT - III
Mobile Network Layer : Mobile IP (Goals, assumptions, entities and terminology, IP packet delivery, agent
advertisement and discovery, registration, tunneling and encapsulation, optimizations), Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
UNIT - IV
Mobile Transport Layer : Traditional TCP, Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Fast retransmit/fast
recovery, Transmission /time-out freezing, Selective retransmission, Transaction oriented TCP.
UNIT - V
Database Issues : Hoarding techniques, caching invalidation mechanisms, client server computing with
adaptation, power-aware and context-aware computing, transactional models, query processing, recovery, and
quality of service issues.
UNIT - VI
Data Dissemination: Communications asymmetry, classification of new data delivery mechanisms, push-
based mechanisms, pull-based mechanisms, hybrid mechanisms, selective tuning (indexing) techniques.
UNIT - VII
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs): Overview, Properties of a MANET, spectrum of MANET applications,
routing and various routing algorithms, security in MANETs.
UNIT - VIII
Protocols and Tools : Wireless Application Protocol-WAP. (Introduction, protocol architecture, and treatment
of protocols of all layers), Bluetooth (User scenarios, physical layer, MAC layer, networking, security, link
management) and J2ME.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Jochen Schiller,“Mobile Communications”,Addison-Wesley. (Chapters 4,7,9,10,11),second edition, 2004.
2. Stojmenovic and Cacute, “Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing”, Wiley, 2002, ISBN
0471419028. (Chapters 11, 15, 17, 26 and 27)
REFERENCES :
1. Reza Behravanfar, “Mobile Computing Principles: Designing and Developing Mobile Applications with UML
and XML”, ISBN: 0521817331, Cambridge University Press, October 2004,
2. Adelstein, Frank, Gupta, Sandeep KS, Richard III, Golden , Schwiebert, Loren, “Fundamentals of Mobile
and Pervasive Computing”, ISBN: 0071412379, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005.
3. Hansmann, Merk, Nicklous, Stober, “Principles of Mobile Computing”, Springer, second edition, 2003.
4. Martyn Mallick, “Mobile and Wireless Design Essentials”, Wiley DreamTech, 2003.
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0 3 2
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS :
1. To study the architecture of DSP chips – TMS 320C 5X/6X Instructions.

2. To verify linear convolution.
3. To verify the circular convolution.
4. To design FIR filter (LP/HP) using windowing technique
a) Using rectangular window
b) Using triangular window
c) Using Kaiser window
5. To Implement IIR filter (LP/HP) on DSP Processors
6. N-point FFT algorithm.
7. MATLAB program to generate sum of sinusoidal signals.
8. MATLAB program to find frequency response of analog LP/HP filters.
9. To compute power density spectrum of a sequence.
10. To find the FFT of given 1-D signal and plot.
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0 3 2
ELECTRONIC COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN LAB
Simulate the Internal structure of the following Digital IC’s using VHDL / VERILOG and verify the
operations of the Digital IC’s (Hardware) in the Laboratory :
1. Gates.
2. D Flip-Flop 7474.
3. Decade counter – 7490.
4. 4 Bit counter – 7493.
5. Shift registers – 7495.
6. Universal shift registers – 74194/195.
7. 3 – 8 Decoder – 74138.
8. 4 Bit Comparator – 7485.
9. 8 x 1 Multiplexer – 74151 and 2X4 Demultiplexer - 74155
10. 16 x 1 Multiplexer – 74150 and 4X16 Demultiflexer - 74154
11. RAM (16 x 4) – 74189 (Read and Write operations).
12. Stack and Queue Implementation using RAM.
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IV Year B.Tech ECM II-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
(CS 05004) ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Unit - I
Fundamentals of Computer design- Technology trends- cost- measuring and reporting performance
quantitative principles of computer design.
Unit - II
Instruction set principles and examples- classifying instruction set- memory addressing- type and size of
operands- addressing modes for signal processing-operations in the instruction set- instructions for control
flow- encoding an instruction set.-the role of compiler
Unit - III
Instruction level parallelism (ILP)- over coming data hazards- reducing branch costs –high performance
instruction delivery- hardware based speculation- limitation of ILP
Unit - IV
ILP software approach- compiler techniques- static branch protection - VLIW approach - H.W support for more
ILP at compile time- H.W verses S.W Solutions
Unit - V
Memory hierarchy design- cache performance- reducing cache misses penalty and miss rate – virtual memory-
protection and examples of VM.
Unit - VI
Multiprocessors and thread level parallelism- symmetric shared memory architectures- distributed shared
memory- Synchronization- multi threading.
Unit - VII
Storage systems- Types – Buses - RAID- errors and failures- bench marking a storage device- designing a I/O
system.
Unit - VIII
Inter connection networks and clusters- interconnection network media – practical issues in interconnecting
networks- examples – clusters- designing a cluster.
TEXT BOOK :
1. Computer Architecture A quantitative approach 3rd edition John L. Hennessy & David A. Patterson Morgan
Kufmann (An Imprint of Elsevier)
REFERENCES :
1. “Computer Architecture and parallel Processing” Kai Hwang and A.Briggs International Edition McGraw-Hill.
2. Advanced Computer Architectures, Dezso Sima, Terence Fountain, Peter Kacsuk, Pearson.
3. Parallel Computer Architecture, A Hardware / Software Approach, David E. Culler, Jaswinder Pal singh with
Anoop Gupta, Elsevier
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CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING
(ELECTIVE III)
UNIT-I
Introduction to client server computing: Evolution of corporate computing models from centralized to
distributed computing, client server models. Benefits of client server computing, pitfalls of client server
programming.
UNIT-II
Review of Java concepts: Java fundamentals, Exceptions, Threads, Strings, Java applets, AWT,
Swings, stream I/O, Socket interface, RMI, RMI API, JDBC.
UNIT-III
CORBA with Java: Client/Server CORBA-style, The object web: CORBA with Java, CORBA / Java.
UNIT-IV
Core CORBA / Java: Two types of Client/ Server invocations-static, dynamic. The static CORBA, first
CORBA program, ORBlets with Applets, Dynamic CORBA-The portable count, the dynamic count multi
count.
UNIT-V
Other Technologies: creating client / server application using-java sockets, HTTP/CGI, Servlets, RMI,
Caffeine
UNIT-VI
Existential CORBA: CORBA initialization protocol, CORBa activation services, CORBAIDL mapping
CORBA java- to- IDL mapping, The introspective CORBA/Java object.
UNIT-VII
Java Bean Component Model: Events, properties, persistency, Intrespection of beans, CORBA Beans.
UNIT-VIII
EJBs and CORBA: Object transaction monitors CORBA OTM’s, EJB and CORBA OTM’s, EJB
container frame work, Session and Entity Beans, The EJB client/server development Process The EJB
container protocol, support for transaction EJB packaging EJB design Guidelines.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Client/Server programming with Java and CORBA Robert Orfali and Dan Harkey, John Wiley &
Sons, SPD 2nd Edition
2. Java programming with CORBA 3rd Edition, G.Brose, A Vogel and K.Duddy, Wiley-dreamtech, India
John wiley and sons
REFERENCES :
1. Distributed Computing, Principles and applications, M.L.Liu, Pearson Education.
2. Client/Server Survival Guide 3rd edition Robert Orfali Dan Harkey &Jeri Edwards, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Client/Server Computing D T Dewire, TMH.
4. IBM Webspere Starter Kit Ron Ben Natan Ori Sasson, TMh, New Delhi
80
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WIRELESS COMMUNCIATIONS AND NETWORKS
(ELECTIVE – III)
UNIT I
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION : Introduction, FDMA,
TDMA, Spread Spectrum, Multiple access, SDMA, Packet radio, Packet radio protocols, CSMA protocols,
Reservation protocols
UNIT II
INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS NETWORKING : Introduction, Difference between wireless and
fixed telephone networks, Development of wireless networks, Traffic routing in wireless networks.
UNIT III
WIRELESS DATA SERVICES : CDPD, ARDIS, RMD, Common channel signaling, ISDN, BISDN and
ATM, SS7, SS7 user part, signaling traffic in SS7.
UNIT IV
MOBILE IP AND WIRELESS ACCESS PROTOCOL : Mobile IP Operation of mobile IP, Co-located
address, Registration, Tunneling, WAP Architecture, overview, WML scripts, WAP service, WAP session
protocol, wireless transaction, Wireless datagram protocol.
UNIT V
WIRELESS LAN TECHNOLOGY : Infrared LANs, Spread spectrum LANs, Narrow bank microwave
LANs, IEEE 802 protocol Architecture, IEEE802 architecture and services, 802.11 medium access
control, 802.11 physical layer.
UNIT VI
BLUE TOOTH : Overview, Radio specification, Base band specification, Links manager specification,
Logical link control and adaptation protocol. Introduction to WLL Technology.
UNIT VII
MOBILE DATA NETWORKS : Introduction, Data oriented CDPD Network, GPRS and higher data
rates, Short messaging service in GSM, Mobile application protocol.
UNIT VIII
WIRELESS ATM & HIPER LAN : Introduction, Wireless ATM, HIPERLAN, Adhoc Networking &
WPAN.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Wireless Communication and Networking – William Stallings, PHI, 2003.
2. Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice – Theodore, S. Rappaport, PHI, 2nd Edn., 2002.
REFERENCES
1. Wireless Digital Communications – Kamilo Feher, PHI, 1999.
2. Principles of Wireless Networks – Kaveh Pah Laven & P. Krishna Murthy, Pearson Education, 2002.
81
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INFORMATION SECURITY
(ELECTIVE - III)
UNIT - I
Security Attacks (Interruption, Interception, Modification and Fabrication), Security Services (Confidentiality,
Authentication, Integrity, Non-repudiation, access Control and Availability) and Mechanisms, A model for
Internetwork security, Internet Standards and RFCs, Buffer overflow & format string vulnerabilities, TCP
session hijacking, ARP attacks, route table modification, UDP hijacking, and man-in-the-middle attacks.
UNIT - II
Conventional Encryption Principles, Conventional encryption algorithms, cipher block modes of operation,
location of encryption devices, key distribution Approaches of Message Authentication, Secure Hash
Functions and HMAC.
UNIT - III
Public key cryptography principles, public key cryptography algorithms, digital signatures, digital Certificates,
Certificate Authority and key management Kerberos, X.509 Directory Authentication Service.
UNIT - IV
Email privacy: Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and S/MIME.
UNIT - V
IP Security Overview, IP Security Architecture, Authentication Header, Encapsulating Security Payload,
Combining Security Associations and Key Management.
UNIT - VI
Web Security Requirements, Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS), Secure
Electronic Transaction (SET).
UNIT - VII
Basic concepts of SNMP, SNMPv1 Community facility and SNMPv3.
Intruders, Viruses and related threats.
UNIT - VIII
Firewall Design principles, Trusted Systems. Intrusion Detection Systems.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Network Security Essentials (Applications and Standards) by William
Stallings Pearson Education.
2. Hack Proofing your network by Ryan Russell, Dan Kaminsky, Rain Forest
Puppy, Joe Grand, David Ahmad, Hal Flynn Ido Dubrawsky, Steve
W.Manzuik and Ryan Permeh, wiley Dreamtech
REFERENCES :
1. Fundamentals of Network Security by Eric Maiwald (Dreamtech press)
2. Network Security - Private Communication in a Public World by Charlie
Kaufman, Radia Perlman and Mike Speciner, Pearson/PHI.
3. Cryptography and network Security, Third edition, Stallings, PHI/Pearson
4. Principles of Information Security, Whitman, Thomson.
5. Network Security: The complete reference, Robert Bragg, Mark Rhodes,
TMH
6. Introduction to Cryptography, Buchmann, Springer.
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DIGITAL DESIGN THROUGH VERILOG
(ELECTIVE – IV)
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO VERILOG : Verilog as HDL, Levels of Design Description, Concurrency,
Simulation and Synthesis, Functional Verification, System Tasks, Programming Language Interface
(PLI), Module, Simulation and Synthesis Tools, Test Benches.
LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTS AND CONVENTIONS : Introduction, Keywords, Identifiers, White Space
Characters, Comments, Numbers, Strings, Logic Values, Strengths, Data Types, Scalars and Vectors,
Parameters, Memory, Operators, System Tasks, Exercises.
UNIT II
GATE LEVEL MODELING : Introduction, AND Gate Primitive, Module Structure, Other Gate Primitives,
Illustrative Examples, Tri-State Gates, Array of Instances of Primitives, Additional Examples, Design of
Flip-flops with Gate Primitives, Delays, Strengths and Contention Resolution, Net Types, Design of Basic
Circuits, Exercises.
UNIT III
BEHAVIORAL MODELING : Introduction, Operations and Assignments, Functional Bifurcation, Initial
Construct, Always Construct, Examples, Assignments with Delays, Wait construct, Multiple Always
Blocks, Designs at Behavioral Level, Blocking and Non blocking Assignments, The case statement,
Simulation Flow. iƒ and iƒ-else constructs, assign-deassign construct, repeat construct, for loop, the
disable construct, while loop, forever loop, parallel blocks, force-release construct, Event.
UNIT IV
MODELING AT DATA FLOW LEVEL : Introduction, Continuous Assignment Structures, Delays and
Continuous Assignments, Assignment to Vectors, Operators.
SWITCH LEVEL MODELING.
Introduction, Basic Transistor Switches, CMOS Switch, Bi-directional Gates, Time Delays with Switch
Primitives, Instantiations with Strengths and Delays, Strength Contention with Trireg Nets, Exercises.
UNIT V
SYSTEM TASKS, FUNCTIONS, AND COMPILER DIRECTIVES : Introduction, Parameters, Path
Delays, Module Parameters, System Tasks and Functions, File-Based Tasks and Functions, Compiler
Directives, Hierarchical Access, General Observations, Exercises,
FUNCTIONS, TASKS, AND USER-DEFINED PRIMITIVES : Introduction, Function, Tasks, User-
Defined Primitives (UDP), FSM Design (Moore and Mealy Machines)
UNIT VI
DIGITAL DESIGN WITH SM CHARTS : State Machine Charts, Derivation of SM Charts, Realization
of SM Charts, Implementation of the Dice Game, Alternative realizations for SM Charts using
Microprogramming, Linked State Machines.
2005-2006 2005-2006
47
UNIT VII
DESIGNING WITH PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS AND COMPLEX PROGRAMMABLE
LOGIC DEVICES : Xilinx 3000 Series FPGAs, Designing with FPGAs, Using a One-Hot State
Assignment, Altera Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), Altera FLEX 10K Series CPLDs.
UNIT VIII
VERILOG MODELS : Static RAM Memory, A simplified 486 Bus Model, Interfacing Memory to a
Microprocessor Bus, UART Design, Design of Microcontroller CPU.
TEST BOOKS :
1. Design through Verilog HDL – T.R. Padmanabhan and B. Bala Tripura Sundari, WSE, 2004
IEEE Press.
2. A Verilog Primier – J. Bhaskar, BSP, 2003.
REFERENCES :
1. Fundamentals of Logic Design with Verilog – Stephen. Brown and Zvonko Vranesic, TMH, 2005.
2. Digital Systems Design using VHDL – Charles H Roth, Jr. Thomson Publications, 2004.
3. Advanced Digital Design with Verilog HDL – Michael D. Ciletti, PHI, 2005.
4. Digital systems Design using VHDL – Charles H Roth, Jr. Thomson Publications, 2004.
83
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION
(ELECTIVE - IV)
UNIT I
Performance characteristics of instruments, Static characteristics, Accuracy, Resolution, Precision, Expected
value, Error, Sensitivity. Errors in Measurement, Dynamic Characteristics-speed of response, Fidelity, Lag and
Dynamic error. DC Voltimeters- Multirange, Range extension, Solid state and differential voltmeters, AC
voltmeters- multi range, range extension, shunt. Thermocouple type RF ammeter, Ohmmeters series type,
shunt type, calibration, Multirange. Multimeter as DC voltmeter, AC voltmeter, DC Ammeter and Ohmmeter.
Digital multimeter power analyzer.
UNIT II
Signal sources- fixed and variable, AF oscillators, Standard and AF sine and square wave signal generators,
Function Generators, Square pulse, Random noise, sweep, Arbitrary waveform, Random pattern, Video
pattern.
UNIT III
Analyzers - Distortion, waveform, communication signal, Transmission, Logic and spectrum analyzers,
Serial data compliance & Analysis, capacitance-voltage Analyzers.
UNIT IV
Oscilloscopes CRT features, vertical amplifiers, horizontal deflection system, sweep, trigger pulse, delay
line, sync selector circuits, simple CRO, triggered sweep CRO, Dual beam CRO.
UNIT V
Dual trace oscilloscope, sampling oscilloscope, storage oscilloscope, digital readout oscilloscope, digital
storage oscilloscope, Lissajous method of frequency measurement, capacitance & Inductance measurement,
standard specifications of CRO, probes for CRO- Active & Passive, attenuator type, Frequency counter,
Time and Period measurement output power meters, Audio, RF, Microwave and optical.
UNIT VI
AC Bridges Measurement of inductance- Maxwell’s bridge, Anderson bridge. Measurement of capacitance-
Schearing Bridge. Measurement of impedance- Kelvin’s bridge, Wheat stone bridge. Hay’s bridge, Wien
Bridge, LCR Bridge, Resonance Bridge. Errors and precautions in using bridges. LCR and Q-meter, X-Y
plotters.
UNIT VII
Transducers- active & passive transducers : Resistance, Capacitance, inductance; Strain gauges, LVDT,
Flow meters, Piezo Electric transducers, Resistance Thermometers, Thermocouples, Thermistors,
Sensistors, Optical pyrometers.
2005-2006 2005-2006
48
UNIT VIII
Measurement of physical parameters force, pressure, velocity, humidity, moisture, vacuum level,
acceleration, speed, proximity and displacement. Data acquisition systems.
TEXTBOOKS :
1. Electronic instrumentation, second edition - H.S.Kalsi, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.
2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques – A.D. Helfrick and W.D.
Cooper, PHI, 5th Edition, 2002.
REFERENCES :
1. Electronic Instrumentation & Measurements - David A. Bell, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2003.
2. Electronic Test Instruments, Analog and Digital Measurements - Robert A.Witte, Pearson
Education, 2nd Ed., 2004.
3. Measuring systems, Applications and Design - E.O. Doebelin, McGraw Hill, 4th Ed., 1990.
4. Electronic Measurements - Oliver and Cage, ISE, McGrawHill, 1971.
5. Electronic Measurements & Instrumentation by K. Lal Kishore, Pearson Education - 2005.
84
KAKINADA
4+1* 0 4
DATA WAREHOUSING AND DATA MINING
(ELECTIVE - IV)
UNIT - I
Introduction : Fundamentals of data mining, Data Mining Functionalities, Classification of Data Mining
systems, Major issues in Data Mining.
Data Preprocessing : Needs Preprocessing the Data, Data Cleaning, Data Integration and Transformation,
Data Reduction, Discretization and Concept Hierarchy Generation.
UNIT – II
Data Warehouse and OLAP Technology for Data Mining Data Warehouse, Multidimensional Data Model, Data
Warehouse Architecture, Data Warehouse
Implementation,Further Development of Data Cube Technology, From Data Warehousing to Data Mining.
UNIT - III
Data Mining Primitives, Languages, and System Architectures : Data Mining Primitives, Data Mining
Query Languages, Designing Graphical User Interfaces Based on a Data Mining Query Language
Architectures of Data Mining Systems.
UNIT - IV
Concepts Description : Characterization and Comparison : Data Generalization and Summarization-
Based Characterization, Analytical Characterization: Analysis of Attribute Relevance, Mining Class
Comparisons: Discriminating between Different Classes, Mining Descriptive Statistical Measures in Large
Databases.
UNIT - V
Mining Association Rules in Large Databases : Association Rule Mining, Mining Single-Dimensional
Boolean Association Rules from Transactional Databases, Mining Multilevel Association Rules from
Transaction Databases, Mining Multidimensional Association Rules from Relational Databases and Data
Warehouses, From Association Mining to Correlation Analysis, Constraint-Based Association Mining.
UNIT - VI
Classification and Prediction : Issues Regarding Classification and Prediction, Classification by Decision
Tree Induction, Bayesian Classification, Classification by Backpropagation, Classification Based on Concepts
from Association Rule Mining, Other Classification Methods, Prediction, Classifier Accuracy.
UNIT - VII
Cluster Analysis Introduction : Types of Data in Cluster Analysis, A Categorization of Major Clustering
Methods, Partitioning Methods, Density-Based Methods, Grid-Based Methods, Model-Based Clustering
Methods, Outlier Analysis.
UNIT - VIII
Mining Complex Types of Data : Multimensional Analysis and Descriptive Mining of Complex, Data Objects,
Mining Spatial Databases, Mining Multimedia Databases, Mining Time-Series and Sequence Data, Mining
Text Databases, Mining the World Wide Web.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Data Mining – Concepts and Techniques - JIAWEI HAN & MICHELINE KAMBER Harcourt India.
REFERENCES :
1. Data Mining Introductory and advanced topics –MARGARET H DUNHAM, PEARSON EDUCATION
2. Data Mining Techniques – ARUN K PUJARI, University Press.
3. Data Warehousing in the Real World – SAM ANAHORY & DENNIS MURRAY. Pearson Edn Asia.
4 Data Warehousing Fundamentals – PAULRAJ PONNAIAH WILEY STUDENT EDITION.
5. The Data Warehouse Life cycle Tool kit – RALPH KIMBALL WILEY STUDENT EDITION.
85
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INDUSTRY ORIENTED MINI PROJECT
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SEMINAR
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PROJECT WORK
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COMPREHENSIVE VIVA
89

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2007-2008

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.TECH. ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

CODE SUBJECT T P/D C

ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Mathematics – III 4+1* - 4

ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

III Year I Semester

III Year II Semester

Management Science 4+1* - 4

Industry Oriented Mini Project - - 2

• Skimming the text

For Detailed study

Interpolation: Introduction- Errors in Polynomial Interpolation – Finite differences- Forward Differences-

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES : Permeability - Magnetization - Origin of magnetic moment – Classification of

SEMICONDUCTORS : Introduction - Intrinsic semiconductor and carrier concentration – Equation for

LASERS: Introduction - Characteristics of Lasers - Spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation -

UNIT – I Introduction to Electrical Circuits

UNIT – IIA.C Circuits - I

UNIT – III A.C Circuits - II

UNIT – IV Network topology

UNIT – V Network Theorems

UNIT – VI Two-port networks

UNIT – VII Transient Analysis

UNIT – VIII Filters

Recommended Systems/Software Requirements:

• Intel based desktop PC

Internet & World Wide Web

LaTeX and Word

LaTeX and MS/equivalent (FOSS) tool Power Point

PART A : (Only for viva voce Examination)

PART B : (For Laboratory examination – Minimum of 16 experiments)

DISTRIBUTION AND WEIGHTAGE OF MARKS

Residue – Evaluation of residue by formula and by Laurent series - Residue theorem.

Argument principle – Rouche’s theorem – determination of number of zeros of complex polynomials -

1 Textbook of Environmental Sciences and Technology by M. Anji Reddy, BS Publication.

Recommended Systems/Software Requirements:

(Note: Use Class Templates in the above Programs)

Note: Any TEN of the above experiments are to be conducted

UNIT II TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION

UNIT-III TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS

UNIT – IV STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN

UNIT – V FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS

UNIT – VI STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN

UNIT – VII CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES

UNIT – VIII State Space Analysis of Continuous Systems

Minimum Twelve experiments to be conducted:

Equipment required for Laboratories:

Recommended Systems/Software Requirements:

Definition, Nature and Scope of Managerial Economics–Demand Analysis: Demand Determinants,

1. Aryasri: Management Science, TMH, New Delhi.

Pre-requisites: Managerial Economics

Codes/Tables: Normal Distribution Function Table need to be permitted into the

III. Microcontroller 8051

Equipment required for Laboratories:

1. To study the architecture of DSP chips – TMS 320C 5X/6X Instructions.

INDUSTRY ORIENTED MINI PROJECT

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