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    Memory: - Electronic Storage Place in Computer

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    SaikatSengupta
    This document summarizes different types of computer memory. It describes memory as the electronic storage in a computer where data and instructions are kept. It then defines common memory measurement units like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. The document outlines the main memory types including internal processor memory, primary memory (RAM and ROM), secondary memory (hard disks, tapes), and ROM types like masked, EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory. It provides details on RAM types like static RAM and dynamic RAM. The memory hierarchy and characteristics of different memory types like speed, volatility, capacity and cost are summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Memory: - Electronic Storage Place in Computer

    Uploaded by

    SaikatSengupta
    101 views18 pages
    This document summarizes different types of computer memory. It describes memory as the electronic storage in a computer where data and instructions are kept. It then defines common memory measurement units like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. The document outlines the main memory types including internal processor memory, primary memory (RAM and ROM), secondary memory (hard disks, tapes), and ROM types like masked, EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory. It provides details on RAM types like static RAM and dynamic RAM. The memory hierarchy and characteristics of different memory types like speed, volatility, capacity and cost are summarized.

    Original Description:

    study of computer memory

    Original Title

    Memory

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    This document summarizes different types of computer memory. It describes memory as the electronic storage in a computer where data and instructions are kept. It then defines common memory measurement units like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. The document outlines the main memory types including internal processor memory, primary memory (RAM and ROM), secondary memory (hard disks, tapes), and ROM types like masked, EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory. It provides details on RAM types like static RAM and dynamic RAM. The memory hierarchy and characteristics of different memory types like speed, volatility, capacity and cost are summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    101 views18 pages

    Memory: - Electronic Storage Place in Computer

    Uploaded by

    SaikatSengupta
    This document summarizes different types of computer memory. It describes memory as the electronic storage in a computer where data and instructions are kept. It then defines common memory measurement units like bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes. The document outlines the main memory types including internal processor memory, primary memory (RAM and ROM), secondary memory (hard disks, tapes), and ROM types like masked, EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory. It provides details on RAM types like static RAM and dynamic RAM. The memory hierarchy and characteristics of different memory types like speed, volatility, capacity and cost are summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Memory

    Electronic storage place in computer


    where data to be processed and
    instructions required for processing are
    stored.
    Some data will be required
    instantaneously while others may not be
    needed for extended periods.
    Memory Units
    Unit Symbol Bytes
    Byte
    (A unit of 8 bits)
    B 2
    0
    = 1 byte
    Kilobyte KB 2
    10
    = 1024 bytes
    Megabyte MB 2
    20
    = 1024 KB
    Gigabyte GB 2
    30
    = 1024 MB
    Terabyte TB 2
    40
    = 1024 GB
    Internal Processor Memory
    This memory is placed in the CPU or is attached to a
    special fast bus
    It includes cache memory and special registers
    It is used for temporary storage of data and instructions on
    which the CPU is currently working
    Processor memory is the fastest among all the memory
    It is generally used to compensate the speed gap between
    the primary memory and the processor i.e. acts as a buffer
    between the CPU and main memory
    Advantage
    Faster than main memory.
    Consumes less access time as compared
    to main memory.
    Stores the program that can be executed
    within a short period of time.
    It stores data for temporary use.
    Disadvantage:
    Cache memory has limited capacity.
    It is very expensive.
    Primary Memory
    Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only
    Memory (ROM) fall in the category of the primary
    memory
    Every computer have small amount of ROM, which
    contains the boot firmware (called BIOS)
    RAM is the place where the computer temporarily
    stores its operating system, application programs and
    current data
    RAMis volatile and ROMis non volatile in nature.
    Primary memory holds only those data and
    instructions on which computer is currently working
    Characteristic of Primary Memory
    These are semiconductor memories.
    It known as main memory.
    Usually volatile memory.
    Data is lost in case power is switch off.
    It is working memory of the computer.
    Faster than secondary memories.
    A computer cannot run without primary
    memory.
    Secondary Memory
    Secondary memory provides backup storage for
    instructions and data
    Most commonly used secondary memory devices are
    hard disk, magnetic disk and magnetic tapes
    These are least expensive among all the memories
    and have large storage capacity than primary memory
    The data stored in this memory are permanent in
    nature
    This memory is not directly accessible by the
    processor
    Characteristic of Secondary Memory
    These are magnetic and optical memories.
    It is known as backup memory.
    It is non-volatile memory.
    Data is permanently stored even if power is
    switched off.
    It is used for storage of the data in the computer.
    Computer may run without secondary memory.
    Slower than primary memories.
    Memory Hierarchy
    ROM
    Masked ROM
    It is very first ROM
    The contents of the such ROMs have to be specified
    before chip production
    ROM
    OTP EPROM
    It can be programmed using a suitable programmer
    device but these memories cannot be erased.
    The cost of the OTP EPROM is much less than
    EPROM
    ROM
    Reprogrammable program memory (or) Erasable PROM (EPROM)-
    Similar to PROM but it can be programmed using a suitable programming device
    repeatedly.
    Has a small window on the chip where the data can be erased under a UV light.
    An EPROM eraser is not selective, it will erase the entire EPROM
    EPROM is much more expensive than PROM
    ROM
    EEPROM(Electrically Erasable and Programmable ROM)
    It is similar to EPROMbut it can be electrically erased and reprogrammed
    Must be removed from the computer and placed in a special machine to do
    this
    EEPROM can be erased one byte at a time, rather than erasing the entire
    chip
    ROM
    FLASH (EEPROM Memory)
    It is a specific type of EEPROM that is erased and programmed in large
    blocks; in early flash the entire chip had to be erased at once.
    However, can be reprogrammed while still in the computer
    It is used to hold control code such as BIOS in the personal computer
    RAM
    Static RAM (SRAM)-This RAM is retains the data as long as power is
    provided to the memory chips. It does not need to be refreshed (pulse of
    current through all the memory cells) periodically. SRAM is very fast but
    much more expensive than DRAM. SRAM is often used as cache memory
    due to its high speed.
    SRAM memory cell
    RAM
    Dynamic RAM (DRAM)-DRAM, unlike SRAM, must be
    continually refreshed in order for it to maintain the data. This
    is done by placing the memory on a refresh circuit that
    rewrites the data several hundred times per second. DRAM is
    used for most system memory because it is cheap and small.

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