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Natural Logarithm Notes

The document defines the natural logarithm (ln) as the logarithm to base e of a number. It provides the definition of the natural logarithm, lists some of its key rules and properties, and gives examples of applying the product rule, quotient rule, power rule, and derivatives and integrals of the natural logarithm function. Some key properties covered are that the natural logarithm is the inverse function of the exponential function e^x, its derivative is 1/x, and its integral is x(ln(x)-1)+C.

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katycwi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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18K views

Natural Logarithm Notes

The document defines the natural logarithm (ln) as the logarithm to base e of a number. It provides the definition of the natural logarithm, lists some of its key rules and properties, and gives examples of applying the product rule, quotient rule, power rule, and derivatives and integrals of the natural logarithm function. Some key properties covered are that the natural logarithm is the inverse function of the exponential function e^x, its derivative is 1/x, and its integral is x(ln(x)-1)+C.

Uploaded by

katycwi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Natural Logarithm - ln(x)

Natural logarithm is the logarithm to the base e of a number.


Natural logarithm (ln) definition
Natural logarithm (ln) rules & properties
o Derivative of natural logarithm (ln)
o Integral of natural logarithm (ln)
Graph of ln(x)
Natural logarithms (ln) table
Natural logarithm calculator

Definition of natural logarithm
When
e
y
= x
Then base e logarithm of x is
ln(x) = log
e
(x) = y
The e constant or Euler's number is:
e 2.71828183


Ln as inverse function of exponential function
The natural logarithm function ln(x) is the inverse function of the exponential function e
x
.
For x>0,
f (f
-1
(x)) = e
ln(x)
= x
Or
f
-1
(f (x)) = ln(e
x
) = x







Natural logarithm rules and properties
Rule name Rule Example
Product rule
ln(x y) = ln(x) + ln(y) ln(3 7) = ln(3) + ln(7)
Quotient rule
ln(x / y) = ln(x) - ln(y) ln(3 / 7) = ln(3) - ln(7)
Power rule
ln(x
y
) = y ln(x) ln(2
8
) = 8 ln(2)
ln derivative
f (x) = ln(x) f ' (x) = 1
/ x

ln integral
ln(x)dx = x (ln(x) - 1)
+ C

ln of negative
number
ln(x) is undefined when x
0

ln of zero
ln(0) is undefined



ln of one
ln(1) = 0

ln of infinity
lim ln(x) = ,when x



Logarithm product rule
The logarithm of the multiplication of x and y is the sum of logarithm of x and logarithm of y.
log
b
(x y) = log
b
(x) + log
b
(y)
For example:
log
10
(3 7) = log
10
(3) + log
10
(7)
Logarithm quotient rule
The logarithm of the division of x and y is the difference of logarithm of x and logarithm of y.
log
b
(x / y) = log
b
(x) - log
b
(y)
For example:
log
10
(3 / 7) = log
10
(3) - log
10
(7)
Logarithm power rule
The logarithm of x raised to the power of y is y times the logarithm of x.
log
b
(x
y
) = y log
b
(x)
For example:
log
10
(2
8
) = 8 log
10
(2)
Derivative of natural logarithm
The derivative of the natural logarithm function is the reciprocal function.
When
f (x) = ln(x)
The derivative of f(x) is:
f ' (x) = 1 / x
Integral of natural logarithm
The integral of the natural logarithm function is given by:
When
f (x) = ln(x)
The integral of f(x) is:
f (x)dx = ln(x)dx = x (ln(x) - 1) + C
Ln of 0
The natural logarithm of zero is undefined:
ln(0) is undefined
The limit near 0 of the natural logarithm of x, when x approaches zero, is minus infinity:

Ln of 1
The natural logarithm of one is zero:
ln(1) = 0
Ln of infinity
The limit of natural logarithm of infinity, when x approaches infinity is equal to infinity:
lim ln(x) = , when x

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