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Definition of Natural Logarithm

The natural logarithm function ln(x) is the inverse function of the exponential function e^x. The natural logarithm of a number is the power to which e must be raised to equal that number. Some key properties of the natural logarithm function include: 1) The natural logarithm of a product is equal to the sum of the natural logarithms of the factors. 2) The natural logarithm of a quotient is equal to the natural logarithm of the dividend minus the natural logarithm of the divisor. 3) The derivative of the natural logarithm function is 1/x.

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Widiya ALam SUr
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20K views

Definition of Natural Logarithm

The natural logarithm function ln(x) is the inverse function of the exponential function e^x. The natural logarithm of a number is the power to which e must be raised to equal that number. Some key properties of the natural logarithm function include: 1) The natural logarithm of a product is equal to the sum of the natural logarithms of the factors. 2) The natural logarithm of a quotient is equal to the natural logarithm of the dividend minus the natural logarithm of the divisor. 3) The derivative of the natural logarithm function is 1/x.

Uploaded by

Widiya ALam SUr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition of natural logarithm

When
y
e =x
Then base e logarithm of x is
ln(x) = loge(x) = y
The e constant or Euler's number is:
e 2.71828183
Ln as inverse function of exponential function
The natural logarithm function ln(x) is the inverse function of the exponential function e x.
For x>0,
-1 ln(x)
f (f (x)) = e =x
Or
f (f (x)) = ln(ex) = x
-1

Natural logarithm rules and properties


Rule name Rule Example

ln(3 7) =
Product rule ln(x y) = ln(x) + ln(y)
ln(3) + ln(7)
ln(3 / 7) =
Quotient rule ln(x / y) = ln(x) - ln(y)
ln(3) - ln(7)
Power rule ln(x y) = y ln(x) ln(28) = 8 ln(2)

ln derivative
f (x) = ln(x) f ' (x) =
1/x

ln integral
ln(x)dx = x (ln(x) - 1)
+C
ln of negative ln(x) is undefined when x
number
0
ln of zero ln(0) is undefined
ln of one ln(1) = 0
ln of infinity lim ln(x) = ,when x

Logarithm product rule


The logarithm of the multiplication of x and y is the sum of logarithm of x and logarithm of y.
logb(x y) = logb(x) + logb(y)
For example:
log10(3 7) = log10(3) + log10(7)
Logarithm quotient rule
The logarithm of the division of x and y is the difference of logarithm of x and logarithm of y.
logb(x / y) = logb(x) - logb(y)
For example:
log10(3 / 7) = log10(3) - log10(7)
Logarithm power rule
The logarithm of x raised to the power of y is y times the logarithm of x.
y
log (x ) = y log (x)
b b
For example:
log10(28) = 8 log10(2)
Derivative of natural logarithm
The derivative of the natural logarithm function is the reciprocal function.
When
f (x) = ln(x)
The derivative of f(x) is:
f ' (x) = 1 / x
Integral of natural logarithm
The integral of the natural logarithm function is given by:
When
f (x) = ln(x)
The integral of f(x) is:
f (x)dx = ln(x)dx = x (ln(x) - 1) + C
Ln of 0
The natural logarithm of zero is undefined:
ln(0) is undefined
The limit near 0 of the natural logarithm of x, when x approaches zero, is minus infinity:

Ln of 1
The natural logarithm of one is zero:
ln(1) = 0
Ln of infinity
The limit of natural logarithm of infinity, when x approaches infinity is equal to infinity:
lim ln(x) = , when x
Complex logarithm
For complex number z:
i
z = re = x + iy
The complex logarithm will be (n = ...-2,-1,0,1,2,...):
Log z = ln(r) + i(+2n) = ln((x +y2)) + iarctan(y/x))
2

Graph of ln(x)
ln(x) is not defined for real non positive values of x:

Natural logarithms table


x ln x
0 undefined

0+ -
0.0001 -9.210340

0.001 -6.907755

0.01 -4.605170

0.1 -2.302585

1 0

2 0.693147

e 2.7183 1

3 1.098612

4 1.386294

5 1.609438

6 1.791759

7 1.945910

8 2.079442

9 2.197225

10 2.302585

20 2.995732

30 3.401197

40 3.688879

50 3.912023

60 4.094345

70 4.248495

80 4.382027
90 4.499810

100 4.605170

200 5.298317

300 5.703782

400 5.991465

500 6.214608

600 6.396930

700 6.551080

800 6.684612

900 6.802395

1000 6.907755

10000 9.210340

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