Problem 1:

Calculate the theoretical spacng of M12 high strength [class 8.8] bolts in bearing for the built up
beam (Ixx=39289cm4 ) which is to carry a concentrated factored load of 250kN in the middle of a
span as shown in figure.

M12 bolts [class 8.8]

Nominal diameter of bolt

d 12mm

Diameter of hole

d o 13mm

fub 830MPa

fyb 660MPa

mb 1.25

fu 410MPa

mo 1.1

P 250kN

Thickness of ISCLC 200

t 5.5mm

Thickness of ISMB 450

tb 17.4mm
Pmin 2.5 d 30 mm

Minimum pitch

(Cl.10.2.2 IS800:2007)

Minimum edge distance

emin 1.5 d o 19.5 mm

Maximum edge distance

emax 12 t

.5

66 mm
250

p 50mm

Taking

250

(Cl.10.2.4.2 IS800:2007)
(Cl.10.2.4.3 IS800:2007)

ed 60mm

For Shearing:2

d
2
Anb 0.78
88.216mm

4
d

Asb
113.097mm

4
n s 0
Vnsb fub

n n 1

nn Anb ns Asb 42.273kN

.5

(Cl.10.3.3 IS800:2007)

Vnsb
Vdsb
33.819 kN
mb

per bolt

For Bearing:ed
fub p
Kb min1

0.25
1
fu
3 do
3 do

For channel
Vnpb1 2.5 Kb d t fu 67.65 kN

(Cl.10.3.4 IS800:2007)

For beam
Vnpb2 2.5 Kb d tb fu 214.02 kN

Vnpb min Vnpb1 Vnpb2 67.65 kN

Vnpb
Vdpb
54.12 kN per bolt
mb
As Vdsb Vdpb shearing will govern in deciding the number of bolts
Shear flow at the interface of bolt and section:y 184.7mm

5.5mm
2

181.95 mm
3

A 5.5mm 200 mm 1.1 10 mm

4

Ixx 39289cm 3.929 10 mm

P
V
125 kN
2
Shear Flow at interface

Pair of bolts per metre length

Spacing

1
n

1.062 m

q V A
n

y
Ixx

q
2 Vdsb

63.677
0.941

1
m

kN
m

Problem# 2
The arrangement for a friction grip bolt connection povided for a tie carrying a factored force of 300kN as shown in figure.
Check the adequacy if all the bolts provided are M20 [class 8.8] bolts.

Design force

Pf 300kN

fub 830MPa

m1 1.25

fyb 660MPa

m0 1.10

Joint subjected to both shear and tension (connection between gusset plate and I beam)
d 20mm

20mm Bolts of Property Class 8.8 have been used

cos

Vsf Pf

Shear load per bolt

sin
Tf Pf

Tensile load per bolt

Vsf 35.4 kN

4
6

Tf 35.4 kN

p 2.5mm

Thread pitch of M20 bolt

(IS3757:1985)
2
2
( d 0.9382p
) 244.8 mm

4

Net shear area of the bolt at threads

An

Nominal plain shank area of the bolt

2
2
Asb d 314.2 mm
4

Tensile capacity of one bolt

mf 1.25

Tdf1

(Cl 10.4.5-IS800:2007)
slip resistance is designed at ultimate load

0.9 fub An
mf

146.3 kN

(Cl 10.4.3-IS800:2007)

Tdf2

fyb Asb
mf m0

188.5 kN

m1

Tdf min Tdf1 Tdf2 146.3 kN

(Cl 10.4.3, IS800:2007)

Fo An 0.7 fub 142.2 kN

Proof load

f 0.33
Kh 1
n e 1
Nominal shear capacity of bolt
Vnsf f n e Kh Fo
Vnsf
Vdsf
37.5 kN
mf

Design shear force

2

(Table 20, IS800:2007)

Vsf Tf
V T 0.9
dsf df

(Cl 10.4.6 of IS 800-2007)

that is smaller than 1, hence safe.

Joint subjected to shear only (connection between angle and the gusset plate
No. of Interfaces n e1 2
Friction force developed at each bolt
Force developed at joint

(As there is one bolt on each side of the angles)

Fo
Vdsf1 f n e1 Kh
75.1 kN
mf
Fj Pf 300 kN
VdT 3 Vdsf1 225.3 kN <

(Cl 10.4.3 of IS 800-2007)

Fj 300 kN (Hence unsafe)

Here if the connection between angle and the gusset plate would be safe then it should further be verified by
checking for block shear failure.

Friction force developed at 3 bolts

Problem # 3
A tension member, two ISA 100x75x10, carries a load P of 250kN with a direction of 30 degrees
from the horizontal axis. A single 16mm plate bracket is used to connect the tension member and
welded directly to the center of column flange using a double bevel full penetration groove weld.
Fillet welds attaching the angles to the plate should be arranged so as to balance the forces about
the neutral axis of the connection of the double angles to eliminate any eccentricities. Design both
the connections.

Connection between angles and gusset plate

For ISA 100 X 75 X 10

a 100mm
2

Aa 16.5cm
fy 250MPa
m0 1.1

Cross-sectional Area:

b 75mm

m1 1.25

t 10mm

Centroidal distance

Czz 31.9mm

fu 410MPa
mw 1.25

(Table 5;IS800-2007)

Lw2 a 100 mm
Pf 250 kN 250 kN
Thickness of the plate
tp 16mm
Factored load

Pf
Pc
125 kN
2
smin 5mm

Load carried by one angle

minimum size of weld

(Table 21, IS 800:2007)

Maximum size of weld for square edges

(Cl 10.5.8.1, IS800:2007)

sedge t 1.5mm 8.5 mm

Maximum size of weld for rounded toe

(Cl 10.5.8.2, IS800:2007)

3
stoe t 7.5 mm
4
Let us use a weld size s 6mm
minimum effective throat thickness

tmin 3mm

maximum effective throat thickness

tmax 0.7 s 4.2 mm

Strength of the weld per unit mm Rw tmax

fu
mw 3

0.795

(Cl10.5.3.1, IS 800-2007)
kN
mm

(Cl10.5.7.1.1, IS 800:2007)

Pc

Lreq

Required weld length

157.162 mm

Rw

Lw1 +Lw2 +Lw3 = Lreq

Balancing moment about Czz to find Lw1 and Lw3

Rw.Lw3.Czz = Lw1.(a-Czz).Rw
Lw3.Czz = Lw1.(a-Czz)
and

Lw1 +Lw3 = Lreq -Lw2

Therefore, solving the above equations

Lreq Lw2 a Czz
Lw3
38.927 mm
a

Lw1 Lreq Lw2 Lw3 18.235 mm

Gross weld length
Lw1gross Lw1 s 24.235 mm
Lw2gross Lw2 s 106 mm
Lw3gross Lw3 s 44.927 mm
Design of Groove welds for Column flange to Plate Joint
Tension (Horizontal Component)

H1 Pf cos 216.506 kN
6

V1 Pf sin 125 kN
6

Shear (Vertical Component)

Since double bevel full penetration groove weld is provided, assuming the plate is
thinner than the column flange
Tg tp 16 mm
Let the required length of groove weld on each side of the plate be Lg
Calculated normal stress f a =

Calculated Shear Stress, q =

H1

(Cl10.5.9, IS800:2007)

Tg Lg
V1
Lg Tg

Permissible normal stress of the weld

Permissible shear stress of the weld

0.9fu
faw
295.2 MPa
m1
fu
fsw
189.371 MPa
3 m1

(Cl10.5.7.1.2, IS800:2007)

(Cl11.6.3.1, IS800:2007)

Provide enough length of weld such that combination of stress is not necessary
Condition 1

has solution

H1
Lg1 Tg
Lg1

V1
Lg1 Tg

= faw

H1 V1
72.304 mm
faw Tg

(Cl10.5.10.2.1, IS800:2007)

V1
Condition 2

Lg2 Tg

has solution

Lg2

= 0.5 fsw
V1

0.5 fsw Tg

82.51 mm

So let us provide 100 mm long 16 mm thick double bevel full penetration groove weld.

Problem # 5
An ISHB 400 @ 82.2kg/m column supports a concentric axial load of 300kN and a moment of 125 kNm in
the plane of the web. Design a base plate and its connection to the column shaft. Also design the anchor
bolts, if required.
P 300kN

Axial Load

and Moment M 125kN m

Depth D 400mm

Section Proveided ISHB 400 @ 822 N/m

fck 30MPa
fuw 510MPa

fy 250MPa

Assuming M30 grade concrete

fup 410MPa

Assume a base plate of size 700X700mm and three 24 mm diameter anchor bolts of grade 8.8 on each side
d 20mm

d 0 d 2mm 22 mm

m1 1.25

m0 1.1

Eccentricity

e1

fub 830MPa

fyb 660MPa

mb 1.25
416.7 mm

L1 700mm

Length of base plate

p 3mm

and Pitch

e1
L1

0.6

<

6 e1 2500 mm

and

B 700mm

> 0.5, hence uplift

Hence there will be tension in the holding down bolts. Say center to center distance between the bolts is
'2a'. Assume edge distance of anchor bolts is 50mm.
e0 50mm
a

L1 2 e0
2

Tension in bolt

300 mm
M
Fb
208.3 kN
2a

Check for concrete bearing pressure:

Required contact width from the edge

ereqd

P Fb

B 0.6 fck

40.3 mm

e0 50mm

<

OK

Tensile capacity of one bolt

2
2
( d 0.9382p
) 232 mm

4

2
2
Asb d 314.2 mm
4

Anb

Tnb1 0.9 fub Anb 173.3 kN

Tnb min Tnb1 Tnb2 173.3 kN

Tb

Tnb
mb

m1
Tnb2 fyb Asb
235.6 kN
m0

138.6 kN

Therefore, tensile capacity of two bolts

Tb1 2 Tb 277.2 kN >

Fb 208.3 kN

Distance between centre of bolt to the flange edge of the column

w1

L1 2e0 D
2

100 mm

Applied moment = moment of

resistance
t2 fy
Fb w1= L1
4 m0
Therefore,

Fb w1 m0 4
t

L1 fy

0.5

22.9 mm

Use a base plate of size 700x700x25 mm.

Design of connection of base plate to the column shaft
Maximum tension in flange

TTf

M
D

312.5 kN

This tension has to be tranfered through the weld to the column base.
Lw 450mm

Assume legnth of weld on each flange

Less than the flange width (250mm)

Effective throat thickness of a fillet weld should be between 3 mm and 0.7 times the thickness of the
flange (0.7x12.7 = 8.89mm).
(Cl 10.5.2-IS800:2007)
Assuming Fillet welds (in shop)
mw 1.25

fu min fup fuw 410 MPa

Effective throat thickness

Size of weld
Provide 6 mm weld.

tt

3 TTf mw
fu Lw

tt
sw
5.2 mm
0.70

3.7 mm

Problem # 6
What size HSFG bolts (class 8.8, threads in shear plane) are required for the bracket connection shown in
figure. Slip is permitted. All steel is 250 MPa.

P 300kN m1 1.25
Inclination

atan

fu 410MPa

m0 1.1

fy 250MPa

63.435 deg

Horizontal Component H P cos( )

V P sin( )

Vertical Component
H 134.164 kN

V 268.328 kN

Number of bolts n 6
Assuming that M20 grade of HSFG bolts of property class 8.8 will be used

d 20mm

fub 830MPa
For ISHT 100

fyb 660MPa d 0 d 2mm 22 mm

Thickness of flange tfT 9.0mm

Width of flange b fT 200mm

For ISHB 450

Thickness of flange tfI 13.7mm

Width of flange b fI 250mm

t min tfT tfI 9 mm

Therefore thickness to be considered t 9 mm
Direct shear per bolt
for single shear
n n 0

V
Vsb
n

H
Direct tension per bolt Tb
n

Vsb 44.721 kN

Tb 22.361 kN

n s 1

pitch of M20 bolt

p thread 2.5mm

Net shear area of the bolt at threads

Nominal plain shank area of the bolt

Nominal shear capacity of bolt Vnsb

(IS3757:1985)
Anb

2
2
d 0.9382 p

thread 244.794 mm
4

2
2
Asb d 314.159 mm
4

fub n n Anb n s Asb

Vnsb 150.545 kN

(Cl 10.3.3, IS800:2007)

The maximum distance between the rows of bolts is 75+150 = 225 mm, which is less than 15 times the nominal
diameter of the bolts (15 x 20 = 300mm). So correction for shear capacity (lj) is not required in this case. (Cl
10.3.3.1-IS800:2007)
ttotal tfT tfI 22.7 mm <

Total thickness of connecting plates

5 d 100 mm

Since total thickness of connecting plates is less than five times the diameter of the bolts. The correction for large grip
length (lg) is not required. (Cl 10.3.3.2-IS800:2007)
For this problem it is assumed that there is no use of packing plates. So correction for packing plates (pk ) is not
required. (Cl 10.3.3.3-IS800:2007)
Partial safety factor for material mb 1.25
Design shear strength of one bolt
e 75mm

(Table5, IS800:2007)

Vnsb
Vdsb
120.436 kN
mb

p 75mm

Bearing capacity of bolt

e
1.136
3 d0

p
3d 0

k b min

3 d0 3d 0

fub

.25 0.886

.25

fub
fu

fu

(Cl. 10.3.4, IS800:2007)

2.024

k b 0.886

therefore

Nominal bearing strength of a bolt

Vnpb 2.5 k b d n t fu 981.205 kN

Design bearing strength of plate

Vnpb
Vdpb
784.964 kN
mb

Vdb min Vnsb Vdpb 150.545 kN

Design shear capacity

Net tensile stress area

An Anb 244.794 mm

Design tension capacity

An
Tdb 0.9 fub
146.289 kN
mb

If Tb1 be the allowable tension in bolts, then from Cl10.3.6; IS800:2007 it's maximum value is given by
2

Vsb Tb1
V T = 1
db db

from which we get

Due to Tb being already active, allowable tension

Tb1 Vdb Vsb

2 T
db

V 139.685 kN
db

Tb.all Tb1 Tb 117.324 kN

Calculation for NA and moment

Assuming that Neutral Axis at failure is below the bottom row of bolts, NA is located by summing the forces
Since 2 bolts are there in row, tensile force at each bolt level

Tb2 2 Tb.all 234.649 kN

Let the depth of NA from bottom be a

fy
Permissible Bending stress in plate bs
284.091 MPa
0.8m0
Total compression C = b fT a bs
Total tension
So

75mm
Tb

Tt 3 Tb2 703.947 kN

b fT a bs = Tt

Tt
b fT bs

a 12.389 mm

75mm

Tb

bs

150mm

Tb
a

75mm

So our assumption is valid since a < 75mm

ThereforeHorizontal eccentricity ex 150mm
Vertical eccentricity

ey ( 75mm 75mm 150mm 75mm a) 362.611 mm

Total applied moment M V ex H ey 88.899 kN m

Taking moment about the resultant compressive force C
a
M 1 2 Tb2 75 mm
2

M 1 32.29 kN m
Moment of resistance

a
M 2 2 Tb2 225 mm
2

a
M 3 2 Tb2 300 mm
2

M 2 102.685 kN m

M 3 137.882 kN m

M R M 1 M 2 M 3

M R 272.857 kN m
(Greater than applied moment

M 88.899 kN m
hence OK

Use M20 bolts

Problem # 7
Determine the maximum load in the weld (in N per mm of length for a unit throat dimension).

P 60 kN
Eccentricity to the flange

ef 175mm

t 10mm

Width of flange
a 125 mm

d 300mm

d1 75mm

Lw 2 a d1 325 mm
Size of Weld
t 1mm

throat thickness
Total weld area

Aw t ( d1) 2 a t 325 mm

Let centroidal x-x axis be at a distance of ybar from base of plate.Taking area moment about the base of plate.

d1 t d d1 t a ( d)

2

175.962 mm
ybar
Aw

Let centroidal y-yis be at a distance of xbar from the vertical weld.

2a t a

xbar
48.077 mm
Aw

Calculating Ixx
2

For top weld

Ix1 a t ( d ybar) 1.923 10 mm

For vertical weld

d1
d1
6
4
Ix2 t
t d1 d1 ybar
1.473 10 mm
12
2

For bottom weld

Ix3 a t ( ybar) 3.87 10 mm

Ixx Ix1 Ix2 Ix3 7.267 10 mm

Calculating Iyy

For top weld

a
a
5
4
Iy1 t
t a xbar 1.888 10 mm
12
2

For vertical weld

Iy2 d1 t ( xbar) 1.734 10 mm

For bottom weld

Iy3 Iy1 1.888 10 mm

Iyy Iy1 Iy2 Iy3 5.509 10 mm

6

Izz Ixx Iyy 7.817 10 mm

Cordinates of the critical weld point

At the bottom right corner of the weld
x max a xbar 76.923 mm
y max max( ybar d ybar) 175.962 mm
rmax

x max y max 192.041 mm

ymax
1.159
x max

theta atan

e ef a xbar 251.923 mm
P
Direct Shear Stress
q 1
92.308 MPa
2 Aw
Shear stress at extreme edge due to torsional moment

Resultant Stress

q 2

P ef rmax
Izz

q 1 q 2 2 q 1 q 2 cos( theta) 306.804 MPa

Therefore, max. force in weld per unit throat dimension is

Q q t 306.804

N
mm

Problem # 8
Determine the minimum size of the weld required for connection of shelf angle to column flange for the weld configuration
as shown in figure, if factored load P is 150kN.

P 150kN

Load

e 50mm

Eccentricity to the flange

b 200mm

d 150mm

Lw b 2d 500 mm

mw 1.25

fup 410MPa

fy 250MPa

fuw 510MPa

fu min fup fuw 410 MPa

Let assume unit throat thickness t 1mm
As weld is symmetrical
xbar 100mm

From the base of angle

Aw Lw t 500 mm

Area of weld

2 d t d b t ( d )

105 mm
ybar
Aw

Calculating Ixx
2

For top weld

I1 b t ( d ybar ) 4.1 10 mm

For vertical welds

d
d
I2 2t
t d ybar
2
12

Ina I1 I2 1.2 10 mm
Bending tensile stress
P e d ybar

fm

Ina

Shear stress
q

P
Aw

300 MPa

275.8 MPa

8.3 105 mm4

Equivalent shear stress

Weld can resist a stress of

fr

q max

fm 3 q 588.3 MPa
fu
3 mw

189.4 MPa

Therefore, minimum throat thickness required to keep the equiv. stress equal to max. shear stress is equal to number of 1
mm throat thickness required are
fr
n f
3.1
q max
Throat thickness req. tf n f 1 mm 3.1 mm
Minimum size of weld required is

tf
0.7

4.4 mm

Use 5mm size weld.

Problem # 9
Design the beam frame connection of the type shown in figure for a ISHB200 @ 37.3 kg/m column and ISMB 250 @
37.3kg/m beam. The maximum moment and shear caused by gravity loads are 100kNm and 50kN, respectively. Use
250MPa steel, and HSFG bearing type bolts.

Given

fy 250MPa

Assume

Beam section :ISMB 250 @ 37.3kg/m

Maximum Moment

fup 410MPa
Design of Cover Plate

E 2 10 MPa
Beam section :ISHB 200 @ 37.3kg/m

M 100kN m

V 50kN

Maximum Shear

fuw 510MPa

m0 1.1

The plates will be carrying whole of the bending moment.

Depth of beam d b 250mm

Tension in the upper plate (or compression in the lower plate) T

M
0.95 d b

421.1 kN

Design the cover plate as tension member

Ar

Assuming yielding on gross area, min area required

Flange width for ISMB 250 @ 37.3kg/m is 125mm.

fy

m0

1.9 10 mm

So let's assume that the width of the cover plate b p 100mm

Ar
Therefore required thickness tr
bp

tr 18.5 mm

Provide 20 mm thick cover plate

Hence the design strength in tension

Td ( 100mm 20mm)
Assuming 8mm fillet will be used

s 8mm
mw 1.25

fy
m0

454.5 kN

> T =421.1 kN, OK

Throat thickness t 0.7s 5.6 mm

fu min fup fuw 410 MPa

Design stress in the fillet weld

fu

3 mw

Lwr

kN
Sw 1.1
mm

Sw t

Design Strength of Weld per mm length

Length of weld required

189.4 MPa

Lwr 397 mm

Sw

2 150 mm 100mm 400 mm

For a plate of 250 mm length, total length of weld provided

Let's provide a plate of dimension 150mm X 100mm X 20mm with 8mm fillet weld on three sides of it.
Design of Shear Joint
A. Bolted Connection to the Beam Web
Assuming 16mm Bolts of Prorperty Class 8.8 have been used
pitch of M16 bolt

p 2.5mm

Number of bolt

n 3

d 16 mm

d 0 d 2 mm 18 mm

(IS3757:1985)

fub 410 MPa

V
Vsb
n

Direct shear per bolt

Vsb 16.7 kN

for single shear

n n 0

n s 1

( d 0.9382 p ) 2 146.4 mm2

4

Net shear area of the bolt at threads

Anb

Nominal plain shank area of the bolt

2
2
Asb d 201.1 mm
4

Nominal shear capacity of bolt Vnsb

fub n n Anb n s Asb

(Cl 10.3.3, IS800:2007)

Vnsb 47.6 kN
Partial safety factor for material mb 1.25
Vnsb
Vdsb
38.1 kN
mb

Design shear strength of one bolt

Use

e 50mm

p 50mm

Bearing capacity of bolt

e
p
0.9
.25 0.7
3 d0
3d 0

k b min

3 d0 3d 0

therefore

(Table5, IS800:2007)

.25

fub
fu

fub
fu

k b 0.7

Nominal bearing strength of a bolt

Vnpb 2.5 k b d n t fu 186.2 kN

Design bearing strength of bolt

Vnpb
Vdpb
149 kN
mb

(Cl. 10.3.4, IS800:2007)

Design shear capacity

Vdb min Vnsb Vdpb 47.6 kN

>25 kN per bolt, Hence, OK

So, provide 3 M16 HS Bearing type bolts

B. Welded Connection of Shear Tab to the Column Flange

Assuming that 12mm thick plate has been used tp 10mm
Let us use a weld size s 5mm
Effective throat thickness

tt 0.7 s 3.5 mm

Strength of the weld per unit mm Rw tt

Required weld length

Lreq

Thickness of column flange tf 9mm

V
Rw

fu
mw 3

0.7

kN
mm

75.4 mm

Hence provide 60 mm weld length of size 5mm on each side.

Let's provide 125mm long 5mm fillet weld on single sides of the plate

60mm long 5mm fillet weld

8mm fillet weld
50mm
50mm
50mm
50mm

ISHB 200 @
37.3 kg/m

250mm

ISMB 250 @
37.3 kg/m

8mm fillet weld

M16 HS Bearing Type bolts

(Cl10.5.7.1.1, IS 800:2007)