PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRONTIERS IN OFFSHORE

GEOTECHNICS, PERTH, AUSTRALIA, 810 NOVEMBER 2010

Frontiers in Offshore
Geotechnics II
Editors
Susan Gourvenec & David White
Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, University of Western Australia

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Cover photo credit Norske Hydro

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ISBN: 978-0-415-58480-7 (Hbk + CD-ROM)

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2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics II Gourvenec & White (eds)

2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-58480-7

Table of Contents

Preface

XIII

Committees

XV

Reviewers

XVII

1 Keynotes
A systematic approach to offshore engineering for multiple-project developments in
geohazardous areas
T.G. Evans
Recommended best practice for geotechnical site characterisation of cohesive offshore sediments
D.J. DeGroot, T. Lunne & T.I. Tjelta
Gulf of Guinea deepwater sediments: Geotechnical properties, design issues and installation
experiences
J.-L. Colliat, H. Dendani, A. Puech & J.-F. Nauroy
Geotechnics for subsea pipelines
D.J. White & D.N. Cathie

3
33

59
87

Axial and lateral pile design in carbonate soils

C.T. Erbrich, M.P. ONeill, P. Clancy & M.F. Randolph

125

New frontiers for centrifuge modelling in offshore geotechnics

C. Gaudin, E.C. Clukey, J. Garnier & R. Phillips

155

Risk and reliability on the frontier of offshore geotechnics

R.B. Gilbert, J.D. Murff & E.C. Clukey

189

2 Geohazards and gas hydrates

Neotectonic deformation of northwestern Australia: Implications for oil and gas development
J.V. Hengesh, K. Wyrwoll & B.B. Whitney

203

Deepwater Angola part I: Geohazard mitigation

A.J. Hill, J.G. Southgate, P.R. Fish & S. Thomas

209

Deepwater Angola part II: Geotechnical challenges

A.J. Hill, T.G. Evans, B. Mackenzie & G. Thompson

215

Shallow gas hazard linked to worldwide delta environments

S. Kortekaas, E. Sens & B. Sarata

221

Analysis of submarine flow slides in fine silty sand

P.V. Lade & J.A. Yamamuro

227

Hydrate dissociation around oil exploration infrastructure

A.K. Sultaniya, J.A. Priest & C.R.I. Clayton

233

An investigation of past mass movement events in the West Nile Delta

S. Thomas, L. Bell, K. Ticehurst & P.S. Dimmock

239

Deformation of seabed due to exploitation of methane hydrate reservoir

J. Yoneda, M. Hyodo, Y. Nakata, N. Yoshimoto & R. Orense

245

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

3 In situ site characterisation and pore pressure measurement

A site investigation strategy to obtain fast-track shear strength design parameters in
deep water soils
D. Borel, A. Puech & S. Po

253

Enhancement of the ball penetrometer test with pore pressure measurements

N. Boylan, M.F. Randolph & H.E. Low

259

Laboratory free falling penetrometer test into clay

S.H. Chow & D.W. Airey

265

Offshore sediment overpressures: Overview of mechanisms, measurement and modeling

B. Dugan, T.C. Sheahan, J.M. Thibault & T.G. Evans

271

Angolan deepwater soil conditions: GIS technology development for sediment characterization
P. Enjaume, M. Hamon, K. Epalanga & B. Mackenzie

277

Strength measurement in very soft upper seabed sediments

P. Kelleher, H.E. Low, C. Jones, T. Lunne, S. Strandvik & T.I. Tjelta

283

CPT in polar snow preliminary observations

A.B. McCallum, A. Barwise & R. Santos

289

Parametric study of a free-falling penetrometer in clay-like soils

M. Nazem & J.P. Carter

293

The future of deepwater site investigation: Seabed drilling technology?

J.J. Osborne, A.G. Yetginer, T. Halliday & T.I. Tjelta

299

Mini T-bar testing at shallow penetration

A. Puech, M. Orozco-Caldern & P. Foray

305

Piezometer installation in deepwater Norwegian Sea

T.I. Tjelta & J. Strout

311

Luva deepwater site investigation programme and findings

T.I. Tjelta & A.G. Yetginer

315

Investigations into novel shallow penetrometers for fine-grained soils

Y. Yan, D.J. White & M.F. Randolph

321

Seabed drilling vs surface drilling a comparison

A.G. Yetginer & T.I. Tjelta

327

4 Soil characterisation and modelling

Rheological behaviour of soft clays
P.E.L. de Santa Maria, I.S.M. Martins & F.C.M. de Santa Maria

335

A three-dimensional finite element study of the direct simple shear test

J.P. Doherty & M. Fahey

341

Repeated loading and unloading of the seabed

H.J.E. Hu, K.K. Tho, C.T. Gan, A.C. Palmer & C.F. Leung

347

A new interpretation of the simple shear test

H.A. Joer, C.T. Erbrich & S.S. Sharma

353

Physical modelling of the crushing behaviour of granular materials

H.A. Joer & S.S. Sharma

359

New evidence for the origin and behaviour of deep ocean crusts
M.Y-H. Kuo, M.D. Bolton, A.J. Hill & M.J. Rattley

365

Soil unit weight estimated from CPTu in offshore soils

P.W. Mayne, J. Peuchen & D. Bouwmeester

371

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

VI

Strain rate dependent simple shear behaviour of deepwater sediments in offshore Angola
M.J. Rattley, A.J. Hill, S. Thomas & B. Sampurno
Simplified calibration procedure for a high-cycle accumulation model based on cyclic triaxial
tests on 22 sands
T. Wichtmann, A. Niemunis & Th. Triantafyllidis
Understanding cyclic loading behavior of soil for offshore applications
J. Yang

377

383
389

5 Shallow foundations
Observations of shallow skirted foundations under transient and sustained uplift
H.E. Acosta-Martinez, S. Gourvenec & M.F. Randolph

397

Numerical study of grillage foundations on sand under combined VHM loading

M. Banimahd, A. Maconochie & J. Oliphant

403

The vertical bearing capacity of grillage foundations in sand

M.F. Bransby, P. Hudacsek, J.A. Knappett, M.J. Brown, N. Morgan, D.N. Cathie, R. Egborge,
A. Maconochie, G.J. Yun, N. Brown & A. Ripley

409

Behaviour of skirted footings on sand overlying clay

C.T. Gan, K.L. Teh, C.F. Leung, Y.K. Chow & S. Swee

415

Numerical study of piping limits for suction installation of offshore skirted foundations and
anchors in layered sand
L.B. Ibsen & C.L. Thilsted

421

Shallow foundation performance in a calcareous sand

B.M. Lehane

427

A numerical study of the vertical bearing capacity of skirted foundations

D.S.K. Mana, S. Gourvenec & M.F. Randolph

433

The effect of torsion on the sliding resistance of rectangular foundations

J.D. Murff, C.P. Aubeny & M. Yang

439

Foundation design challenges of the MCR-A skirted gravity platform

L. Tapper, C. Humpheson & B.M. Lehane

445

Constructing breakwater with prefabricated caissons on soft clay

S. Yan, X. Feng & J. Chu

451

6 Piled foundations
Simplified analysis of laterally loaded pile groups
F.M. Abdrabbo & K.E. Gaaver

459

Behavior of piles under combined lateral and axial loading

M. Achmus & K. Thieken

465

Investigations on the behavior of large diameter piles under cyclic lateral loading
M. Achmus, J. Albiker & K. Abdel-Rahman

471

BP Clair phase 1 Pile driveability and capacity in extremely hard till

T.R. Aldridge, T.M. Carrington, R.J. Jardine, R. Little, T.G. Evans & I. Finnie

477

Photoelastic investigation into plugging of open ended piles

J. Dijkstra, E.A. Alderlieste & W. Broere

483

Soil-pile interaction during extrusion of an initially deformed pile

C.T. Erbrich, E. Barbosa-Cruz & R. Barbour

489

BP Clair phase 1 Geotechnical assurance of driven piled foundations in extremely hard till
T.G. Evans, I. Finnie, R. Little, R.J. Jardine & T.R. Aldridge

495

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

VII

Pile driving experiences in Persian Gulf calcareous sands

K. Fakharian & I.H. Attar

501

FLAC3D analysis on soil moving through piles

E.H. Ghee & W.D. Guo

507

Cyclic loading of barrettes in soft calcareous rock using Osterberg cells

C.M. Haberfield, D.R. Paul, M.C. Ervin & G.A. Chapman

513

Shaft capacity of drilled and grouted piles in calcareous sandstone

B.M. Lehane

519

Numerical analysis of mudmat contribution to capacity of piled offshore platforms

L.S.D. Lorenti, M.A. Ismail & B.M. Lehane

525

Simplified numerical model for analysis of offshore piles under cyclic lateral loading
M.M. Memarpour, M. Kimiaei & M. Shayanfar

531

Centrifuge modelling of rapid load tests with piles in silt and sand
C.T. Nguyen, H. van Lottum, P. Hlscher & A.F. van Tol

537

Field measurements on monopile Dolphins

A. Sadeghi-Hokmabadi & A. Fakher

543

Behaviour of driven tubular steel piles in calcarenite for a marine jetty in Fujairah,
United Arab Emirates
J. Thomas, M. van den Berg, F. Chow & N. Maas
CPT-Based design method for axial capacity of offshore piles in clays
B.F.J. Van Dijk & H.J. Kolk

549
555

7 Foundations for renewable energy

Evaluation of pile capacity approaches with respect to piles for wind energy foundations
in the North Sea
M. Achmus & M. Mller

563

Installation of suction caissons for offshore renewable energy structures

O.J. Cotter, B.W. Byrne & G.T. Houlsby

569

Lateral behaviour of large diameter monopiles at Sheringham Shoal Wind Farm

L. Hamre, S. Feizi Khankandi, P.J. Strm & C. Athanasiu

575

Centrifuge modelling of offshore monopile foundation

R.T. Klinkvort & O. Hededal

581

Gravity based foundations for the Rdsand 2 offshore wind farm, Denmark
L. Krogh, J.H. Lyngs & J.S. Steenfelt

587

Geotechnics for developing offshore renewable energy in the US

M. Landon Maynard & J.A. Schneider

593

Engineering issues for fixed offshore wind turbines on Lake Michigan Mid Lake Plateau, USA
P.J. Lang, J.A. Schneider, K. Smith & T. McNeilan

599

Centrifuge model tests on piled footings in clay for offshore wind turbines
B.M. Lehane, W. Powrie & J.P. Doherty

605

Design of monopile foundations in sand for offshore windfarms

M. Saue, T.E. Langford & N. Mortensen

611

Experimental evaluation of backfill in scour holes around offshore monopiles

S.P.H. Srensen, L.B. Ibsen & P. Frigaard

617

An investigation of the use of a bearing plate to enhance the lateral capacity of monopile foundations
K.J.L. Stone, T.A. Newson, M. El Marassi, H. El Naggar, R.N. Taylor & R.J. Goodey

623

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

VIII

Optimizing site investigations and pile design for wind farms using geostatistical methods:
A case study
B. Stuyts, V. Vissers, D.N. Cathie, C. Jaeck & S. Drfeldt

629

Towards the FE prediction of permanent deformations of offshore wind power plant foundations
using a high-cycle accumulation model
T. Wichtmann, A. Niemunis & Th. Triantafyllidis

635

Cyclic accumulation effects at foundations for offshore wind turbines

H. Wienbroer, H. Zachert, G. Huber, P. Kudella & Th. Triantafyllidis

641

Study on soil-structure interaction of suction caisson by large-scale model tests

B. Zhu, D.Q. Kong, L.G. Kong, R.P. Chen & Y.M. Chen

647

8 Jack-up units
Simplified VH equations for foundation punch-through sand into clay
J.-C. Ballard, P. Delvosal, P.H. Yonatan, A. Holeyman & S. Kay

655

Characterisation of undrained shear strength using statistical methods

B. Bienen, M.J. Cassidy, M.F. Randolph & K.L. Teh

661

Centrifuge modelling of spudcan deep penetration in multi-layered soils

M.S. Hossain, M.F. Randolph & Y.N. Saunier

667

A probabilistic approach to the prediction of spudcan penetration of jack-up units

G.T. Houlsby

673

An assessment of jackup spudcan extraction

O.A. Purwana, H. Krisdani, X.Y. Zheng, M. Quah & K.S. Foo

679

3D FE analysis of the installation process of spudcan foundations

G. Qiu, S. Henke & J. Grabe

685

Undrained bearing capacity of deeply embedded foundations under general loading

Y. Zhang, B. Bienen, M.J. Cassidy & S. Gourvenec

691

9 Anchoring systems
Trajectory prediction for drag embedment anchors under out of plane loading
C.P. Aubeny & C.-M. Chi

699

Setup following keying of plate anchors assessed through centrifuge tests in kaolin clay
A.P. Blake, C.D. OLoughlin & C. Gaudin

705

Seismically-induced displacements of a suction caisson in soft clay

A.J. Brennan, S.P.G. Madabhushi & P. Cooper

711

SEPLA keying prediction method based on full-scale offshore tests

R.P. Brown, P.C. Wong & J.M. Audibert

717

Set-up of suction piles in deepwater Gulf of Guinea clays

J.-L. Colliat & D. Colliard

723

Centrifuge testing of suction piles in deepwater Nigeria clay Effect of stiffeners and set-up time
J.-L. Colliat, H. Dendani, H.P. Jostad, K.H. Andersen, L. Thorel, J. Garnier & G. Rault

729

Numerical FEM and laboratory study of the bearing capacity factor Nc for plate anchors
L.N. Equihua-Anguiano, M. Orozco-Caldern, P. Foray & M. Boulon

735

Caisson capacity in clay: VHM resistance envelope Part 2: VHM envelope equation and
design procedures
S. Kay & E. Palix
Installation and in-place assessment of drag anchors in carbonate soil
M.P. ONeill, S.R. Neubecker & C.T. Erbrich
2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

IX

741
747

Caisson capacity in clay: VHM resistance envelope Part 1: 3D FEM numerical study
E. Palix, T. Willems & S. Kay

753

Numerical investigation of the behaviour of suction caissons in structured clays

S. Panayides, M. Rouainia & A. Osman

759

Cyclic moment loading of suction caissons in sand

B. Zhu, B.W. Byrne & G.T. Houlsby

765

10 Pipelines and risers

Multidirectional analysis of pipeline-soil interaction in clay
R.G. Borges & J.R.M.S. Oliveira

773

Geotechnical challenges for deepwater pipeline design SAFEBUCK JIP

D.A.S. Bruton, M. Carr & F. Sinclair

779

Large deformation finite element analysis of vertical penetration of pipelines in seabed

S. Chatterjee, M.F. Randolph, D.J. White & D. Wang

785

Implementation of geotechnical techniques in the analysis of pipeline response

G. Cumming & N. Brown

791

Lateral soil resistance to an untrenched pipeline under the action of ocean currents
F.P. Gao, S.M. Yan, E.Y. Zhang, Y.X. Wu & X. Jia

797

Vertical cyclic testing of model steel catenary riser at large scale

T.E. Langford & V.M. Meyer

803

Kupe gas project pipeline optimisation of discrete rock berm design shore approach
B.L. Larsson

809

Model test studies on soil restraint to pipelines buried in sand

R. Liu, S.W. Yan & J. Chu

815

Pipe-soil interaction on clay with a variable shear strength profile

D.R. Morrow & M.F. Bransby

821

Sweeping behaviour of shallowly-embedded pipeline during cyclic lateral movement

T. Takatani

827

Advanced nonlinear hysteretic seabed model for dynamic fatigue analysis of steel catenary risers
I.H.Y. Ting, M. Kimiaei & M.F. Randolph

833

Mobilization distance in uplift resistance modeling of pipelines

J. Wang, S.K. Haigh, N.I. Thusyanthan & S. Mesmar

839

Theoretical, numerical and field studies of offshore pipeline sleeper crossings

Z.J. Westgate, M.F. Randolph, D.J. White & P. Brunning

845

Observations of pipe-soil response from the first deep water deployment of the SMARTPIPE
D.J. White, A.J. Hill, Z.J. Westgate & J.-C. Ballard

851

11 Trenching, ploughing, excavation and burial

Influence of object geometry on penetration into the seabed
A. Ivanovic, R.D. Neilson, G. Giuliani & M.F. Bransby

859

Investigation into the effect of forecutters on plough performance

K.D. Lauder, M.J. Brown, M.F. Bransby & J. Pyrah

865

State-of-the-art jet trenching analysis in stiff clays

J.B. Machin & P.A. Allan

871

Numerical modelling of soil around offshore pipeline plough shares

W. Peng & M.F. Bransby

877

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Anchorchainrockfillsoil interaction: Evolution of design methods

H. van Lottum & H.J. Luger

883

Development of a jet trenching model in sand

J.-F. Vanden Berghe, J. Pyrah, S. Gooding & H. Capart

889

12 Design and risk

Structural factors affecting the system capacity of jacket pile foundations
J.Y. Chen, R.B. Gilbert, J.D. Murff, A.G. Young & F.J. Puskar

897

The new API Recommended Practice for Geotechnical Engineering: RP 2GEO

P. Jeanjean, P.G. Watson, H.J. Kolk & S. Lacasse

903

Comparison of ISO 19901-2 and API RP 2A seismic design criteria for a site in the Caspian Sea,
Turkmenistan
Z.A. Lubkowski, J.E. Alarcon & Z.A. Razak

909

Offshore geotechnics safe and sustainable

J. Peuchen & J. Haas

915

Author Index

921

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

XI

 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics II Gourvenec & White (eds)

2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-58480-7

Preface

The International Symposia on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics (ISFOG), hosted by the Centre for Offshore
Foundation Systems (COFS) at the University of Western Australia (UWA), provide a platform for academics
and practitioners to discuss the emerging challenges in offshore geotechnical engineering and present recent
practice and research.
Offshore design and construction presents unique challenges to geotechnical engineers. Many of the
challenges that are routinely encountered today have persisted for decades and continue to be gradually
overcome with advances in technology and analysis. Meanwhile, new challenges are faced as the industry
moves to harness resources in deeper waters, harsher environmental conditions and new frontier regions with
previously-uncharacterized seabed conditions.
The inaugural ISFOG was hosted by COFS in September 2005 and arose from discussions with colleagues
from around the world which highlighted a consensus that there was a niche for a new specialist offshore
geotechnical conference. That symposium was attended by 182 delegates from 22 countries and the proceedings
contained 7 keynote papers and 127 peer-reviewed general papers that reflected the state-of-the-art of practice
and research (Gourvenec and Cassidy, Eds, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 041539063X). Immediately afterwards and
over the years following the symposium, we received extremely positive feedback from many of the participants,
who had found the event to be both valuable and enjoyable.
As a result, in the latter part of 2007 we canvassed the International Advisory Committee (IAC) of the inaugural
ISFOG a 30-strong team of leading academics and practitioners for their views on a second ISFOG. They
offered their unreserved support for a repeat event and it was agreed that a 5-year gap would be appropriate
between symposia.
The original Australian Research Council grant that led to the establishment of COFS expired in 2005. In
some respects the first ISFOG was a chance to mark the achievements of COFS during its original tenure, at
what might have been its zenith. However, COFS has grown since 2005 and is now more active and larger than
ever. We therefore felt able to organise a 2nd International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics,
inviting friends and colleagues, old and new, to visit Perth again in November 2010.
On advice from the IAC, we retained the single session format of the inaugural ISFOG, which kept participants
together throughout the event, allowing continuity of discussions and avoiding clashes between concurrent
presentations. Emphasis on the poster sessions and general reports offers exposure to the papers that inevitably
do not receive full oral presentation given the constraints of the single session format.
Key themes of the inaugural ISFOG are still as relevant 5 years on and therefore remain unchanged for the
second ISFOG these include geohazards, site investigation techniques and foundations for renewable energy,
as well as anchoring solutions for deep water and pipeline geotechnics. Greater emphasis has been placed on in
situ soil testing techniques and pore pressure measurement, and the characteristics of unusual seabed deposits
found in frontier regions.
The keynote papers reflect the key stages of an offshore project. The first three keynotes cover the assessment
and interpretation of offshore geohazards, in situ site characterisation and pore pressure measurement, and the
behaviour of West African clays West Africa being a critical frontier region with particular challenges; two
further keynotes describe state-of-the-art design considerations for piled foundations and pipelines; a further
keynote describes recent advances in centrifuge modelling and the final keynote examines risk and reliability in
offshore geotechnics. The keynotes alone contain many man-years of accumulated experience. We are sincerely
grateful to the keynote authors, particularly those from industry who have generously found time to contribute
their expertise to these comprehensive papers.
The papers collected in these proceedings include the 7 keynotes and a further 117 peer-reviewed general
papers that represent the current state-of-the-art in offshore geotechnics. These provide an invaluable resource
to all those working in offshore construction, design and research.
Each of the papers has been peer-reviewed by at least 2 reviewers, drawn from COFS and from academic
institutions and industry within Australia and around the world. We are indebted to the reviewers for all their
efforts, which have ensured that the papers are of a very high standard. We also thank Divya Mana and Santiram
Chatterjee of COFS for their editorial assistance whilst assembling these proceedings. Stephanie Boroughs and
Monica Mackman of COFS have provided administrative support throughout the organisation of this second

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

XIII

ISFOG, and we acknowledge in particular Stephanies tireless work corresponding with the authors and reviewers
to compile the proceedings.
The assistance of the Local Organising Committee is also acknowledged, in particular Noel Boylan of COFS
who co-ordinated our sponsorship programme. Finally, COFS is grateful for the support for ISFOG provided
by the following organisations and individuals: the Australian Department of Innovation, Industry, Science
and Research through the International Science Linkages Programme, our industry sponsors, the members
of our International Advisory Committee and the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical
Engineering (ISSMGE) under whose auspices the ISFOG symposia are held.
Susan Gourvenec and David White
July 2010

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

XIV

Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics II Gourvenec & White (eds)

2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-58480-7

Committees

LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Susan Gourvenec (Chair)

Centre for Offshore Foundation

Systems (COFS), UWA
Stephanie Boroughs (Sec.) COFS, UWA
Monica Mackman (Sec.)
COFS, UWA
Britta Bienen
COFS, UWA
Nathalie Boukpeti
COFS, UWA
Noel Boylan
COFS, UWA
Mark Cassidy
COFS, UWA
Liang Cheng
School of Civil and Resource
Engineering (SCRE), UWA
Fiona Chow
Chair, Australian Geomechanics
Society (AGS), WA Chapter
James Doherty
SCRE, UWA
Sarah Elkhatib
Arup
Martin Fahey
COFS, UWA
Ian Finnie
Advanced Geomechanics

Andy Fourie
Christophe Gaudin
Andrew Grime
Jim Hengesh
Shazzad Hossain
Yuxia Hu
Mehrdad Kimiaei
Barry Lehane
Mark Randolph
Yinghui Tian
Dong Wang
Phil Watson
David White
Long Yu
Hongxia Zhu

SCRE, UWA
COFS, UWA
Arup
COFS, UWA
COFS, UWA
SCRE, UWA
COFS, UWA
SCRE, UWA
COFS, UWA
COFS, UWA
COFS, UWA
Advanced Geomechanics
COFS, UWA
COFS, UWA
COFS, UWA

Andy Hill
Phil Hogan
Jacques Garnier
Bob Gilbert
Harry Kolk
Richard Jardine
Andy Lane
Colin Leung
Jayme Mello
Roger Moore
Don Murff
Julian Osborne
Andrew Palmer
Alain Puech
Matthew Quah
Richard Raines
Roderick Ruinen
Marc Senders
Dan Spikula
Jrgen Steenfelt
Tor Inge Tjelta
Shuwang Yan

UK
USA
France
USA
Netherlands
UK
Australia
Singapore
Brazil
UK
USA
UK
Singapore
France
Singapore
USA
Netherlands
Australia
USA
Denmark
Norway
China

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Susan Gourvenec (Chair)
David Airey
Peter Allan
Marcio Almeida
Knut Andersen
Charles Aubeny
Fraser Bransby
Nick Brown
Byron Byrne
Tim Carrington
John Carter
David Cathie
Johnny Cheuk
Chris Clayton
Ed Clukey
Jean-Louis Colliat
Don DeGroot
Jason DeJong
Earl Doyle
Carl Erbrich
Trevor Evans
Albert Griffith

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Australia
Australia
UK
Brazil
Norway
USA
Australia
Australia
UK
UK
Australia
Belgium
Hong Kong
UK
USA
France
USA
USA
USA
Australia
UK
Saudi Arabia

XV

 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics II Gourvenec & White (eds)

2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-58480-7

Reviewers

Tony Abbs
Martin Achmus
Hugo Acosta-Martinez
David Airey
Tom Aldridge
Marcio Almeida
Knut Andersen
Senthil Arasu
Charles Aubeny
Jean-Christophe Ballard
Edgard Barbosa-Cruz
Britta Bienen
David Bonjean
Nathalie Boukpeti
Noel Boylan
Fraser Bransby
Andrew Brennan
David Bruton
Byron Byrne
Tim Carrington
Mark Cassidy
Santiram Chatterjee
Liang Cheng
Johnny Cheuk
Fiona Chow
Patrick Clancy
Ed Clukey
Richard Dean
Andrew Deeks
Jason DeJong
James Doherty
David Edwards
Clarence Ehlers
Sarah Elkhatib
Ed Ellis
Carl Erbrich
Martin Fahey
Ian Finnie
Andy Fourie
Christophe Gaudin

2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Guido Gottardi
Susan Gourvenec
Jrgen Grabe
Andrew Grime
Ole Hededal
James Hengesh
Andy Hill
Matt Hodder
Phil Hogan
Shazzad Hossain
Guy Houlsby
Yuxia Hu
Hans Hugel
Mostafa Ismail
Ana Ivanovic
Christophe Jaeck
Richard Jardine
Eric Jas
Hackmet Joer
Steve Kay
Lindita Kellezi
Feizi Khankandi
Yoshiaki Kikuchi
Mehrdad Kimiaei
Melissa Landon
Thomas Langford
Kok Kuen Lee
Barry Lehane
Colin Leung
Nina Levy
Tom Lunne
Jon Machin
Chris Martin
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Richard Merifield
Vaughan Meyer
Neil Morgan
Damian Morrow
Don Murff
Tejas Murthy

XVII

Andrzej Niemunis
Steve Neubecker
Tim Newson
Elio Novello
Conleth OLoughlin
Michael ONeill
Julian Osborne
Ashraf Osman
Andrew Palmer
Jeff Priest
Richard Raines
Mark Randolph
Mike Rattley
Oliver Reul
David Richards
James Schneider
Marc Senders
Shambhu Sharma
Tom Sheahan
Dan Spikula
Doug Stewart
Kevin Stone
Kar Lu Teh
Luc Thorel
Yinghui Tian
Manh Tran
Jean-Francois Vanden Berghe
Alastair Walker
Dong Wang
Phil Watson
Zack Westgate
David White
Nobutaka Yamamoto
Jun Yang
Gulin Yetginer
Long Yu
George Zhang
Hongxia Zhu