Physics I Problems PDF

464
CHAPTER 14 Periodic Motion
0.120 m on the opposite side, and it has passed the equilibrium

position once during this interval. Find (a) the amplitude; (b) the
period; (c) the frequency.
14.3 . The tip of a tuning fork goes through 440 complete vibrations in 0.500 s. Find the angular frequency and the period of the
motion.
14.4 . The displacement of an oscillating object as a function of
time is shown in Fig. E14.4. What are (a) the frequency; (b) the
amplitude; (c) the period; (d) the angular frequency of this motion?
Figure E14.4
x (cm)
10.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
t (s)
10.0
14.5 .. A machine part is undergoing SHM with a frequency of

5.00 Hz and amplitude 1.80 cm. How long does it take the part to
go from x = 0 to x = - 1.80 cm?
Section 14.2 Simple Harmonic Motion
14.6 .. In a physics lab, you attach a 0.200-kg air-track glider to

the end of an ideal spring of negligible mass and start it oscillating.
The elapsed time from when the glider rst moves through the
equilibrium point to the second time it moves through that point is
2.60 s. Find the springs force constant.
14.7 . When a body of unknown mass is attached to an ideal
spring with force constant 120 N>m, it is found to vibrate with a
frequency of 6.00 Hz. Find (a) the period of the motion; (b) the
angular frequency; (c) the mass of the body.
14.8 . When a 0.750-kg mass oscillates on an ideal spring, the frequency is 1.33 Hz. What will the frequency be if 0.220 kg are
(a) added to the original mass and (b) subtracted from the original
mass? Try to solve this problem without nding the force constant of
the spring.
14.9 .. An object is undergoing SHM with period 0.900 s and
amplitude 0.320 m. At t = 0 the object is at x = 0.320 m and is
instantaneously at rest. Calculate the time it takes the object to go
(a) from x = 0.320 m to x = 0.160 m and (b) from x = 0.160 m
to x = 0.
14.10 . A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is moving
in SHM on a horizontal, frictionless surface. When the block is at
x = 0.280 m, the acceleration of the block is -5.30 m>s2. What is
the frequency of the motion?
14.11 . A 2.00-kg, frictionless block is attached to an ideal spring
with force constant 300 N>m. At t = 0 the spring is neither
stretched nor compressed and the block is moving in the negative
direction at 12.0 m>s. Find (a) the amplitude and (b) the phase
angle. (c) Write an equation for the position as a function of time.
14.12 .. Repeat Exercise 14.11, but assume that at t = 0 the block
has velocity -4.00 m>s and displacement +0.200 m.
14.13 . The point of the needle of a sewing machine moves in
SHM along the x-axis with a frequency of 2.5 Hz. At t = 0 its
position and velocity components are +1.1 cm and -15 cm>s,
respectively. (a) Find the acceleration component of the needle at
t = 0. (b) Write equations giving the position, velocity, and acceleration components of the point as a function of time.
14.14 .. A small block is attached to an ideal spring and is moving in SHM on a horizontal, frictionless surface. When the ampli-
tude of the motion is 0.090 m, it takes the block 2.70 s to travel

from x = 0.090 m to x = - 0.090 m. If the amplitude is doubled,
to 0.180 m, how long does it take the block to travel (a) from
x = 0.180 m to x = - 0.180 m and (b) from x = 0.090 m to
x = - 0.090 m?
14.15 . BIO Weighing Astronauts. This procedure has actually
been used to weigh astronauts in space. A 42.5-kg chair is
attached to a spring and allowed to oscillate. When it is empty, the
chair takes 1.30 s to make one complete vibration. But with an
astronaut sitting in it, with her feet off the oor, the chair takes
2.54 s for one cycle. What is the mass of the astronaut?
14.16 . A 0.400-kg object undergoing SHM has ax = - 2.70 m>s2
when x = 0.300 m. What is the time for one oscillation?
14.17 . On a frictionless, horizontal air track, a glider oscillates at
the end of an ideal spring of force constant 2.50 N>cm. The graph
in Fig. E14.17 shows the acceleration of the glider as a function
of time. Find (a) the mass of the glider; (b) the maximum displacement of the glider from the equilibrium point; (c) the maximum force the spring exerts on the glider.
Figure E14.17
ax (m/s2)
12.0
6.0
O
6.0
12.0
t (s)
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40
14.18 . A 0.500-kg mass on a spring has velocity as a function of

time given by vx 1t2 = - 13.60 cm>s2 sin314.71 s -12t - p>24.
What are (a) the period; (b) the amplitude; (c) the maximum acceleration of the mass; (d) the force constant of the spring?
14.19 . A 1.50-kg mass on a spring has displacement as a function of time given by the equation
x1t2 = 17.40 cm2 cos314.16 s -12t - 2.424
Find (a) the time for one complete vibration; (b) the force constant of the spring; (c) the maximum speed of the mass; (d) the
maximum force on the mass; (e) the position, speed, and acceleration of the mass at t = 1.00 s; (f) the force on the mass at that
time.
14.20 . BIO Weighing a Virus. In February 2004, scientists at
Purdue University used a highly sensitive technique to measure the
mass of a vaccinia virus (the kind used in smallpox vaccine). The
procedure involved measuring the frequency of oscillation of a
tiny sliver of silicon (just 30 nm long) with a laser, rst without the
virus and then after the virus had attached itself to the silicon. The
difference in mass caused a change in the frequency. We can model
such a process as a mass on a spring. (a) Show that the ratio of the
frequency with the virus attached 1S + V2 to the frequency without
S + V
1
the virus 1S2 is given by the formula
=
,
fS
21 + 1m V>m S2
where mV is the mass of the virus and mS is the mass of the silicon
sliver. Notice that it is not necessary to know or measure the force
constant of the spring. (b) In some data, the silicon sliver has a mass
of 2.10 * 10 -16 g and a frequency of 2.00 * 10 15 Hz without the
virus and 2.87 * 10 14 Hz with the virus. What is the mass of the
virus, in grams and in femtograms?
14.21 .. CALC Jerk. A guitar string vibrates at a frequency of
440 Hz. A point at its center moves in SHM with an amplitude of

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464

CHAPTER 14 Periodic Motion

0.120 m on the opposite side, and it has passed the equilibrium

14.5 .. A machine part is undergoing SHM with a frequency of

Section 14.2 Simple Harmonic Motion

14.6 .. In a physics lab, you attach a 0.200-kg air-track glider to

tude of the motion is 0.090 m, it takes the block 2.70 s to travel

14.18 . A 0.500-kg mass on a spring has velocity as a function of

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