Pe195902 PDF

ow-Cost Speaker System
POPULAR
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ELECTRONICS
HI-FI
HAM RADIO
SWL
TEST. GEAR
01H0
61 CNV13A313
01:11/MONIA SOISI
Short-Wave Listeners Guide
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Published periodically by the NATIONAL CO. INC., MALDEN 48, MASS.
FIRST ALL-NEW, LOW- PRICED SHORTWAVE RECEIVER

IN OVER 10 YEARS!
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cal bandspread on all frequencies.
Features exceptional sensitivity

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capacitors, front panel phone jack
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degrees of super -sharp
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INC., MALDEN 48, MASS.
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POPULAR ELECTRONICS is published monthly by ZiffDav15 Publishing Company, William B. Ziff. Chairman of the Board (104616531, at 434 S. Wabash Ave.. Chicago 5, III. Secondclass postage paid at Chicago. Illinois. Authorized by Post Office
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POPU LAR
1959
FEBRUARY
ELECTRONICS
VOLUME 10
NUMBER 2
Special Hi -Fi Features

Inside the Preamplifier (Part 1)
Only YOUR Ears Are Golden (an Editorial)
Joseph Marshall
47
68
Electronic and Audio Construction Projects

Transformerless Transistor Amplifier
Transistor Microphone Preamplifier
Art Trauffer
The Duo -Flex Speaker System

Carbon Mike Input Circuit
Homemade Detector
51
C. Chapel
64
Dave Gordon
75
Glenn Towill
Maynard Kernahan
98
98
1.
Amateur and SWL

Hunt for DX at Night
Short -Wave Listeners' Guide
William
Orr, W6SAI
Tom Kneitel
Don Stoner, W6TNS
50
Rufus P. Turner
81
Donald A. Smith, W3UZN
84
Space Spanner Pulls In 16,000 -Mile DX
Build This Signal Peaker

How to Build a Cascode R.F. Unit
I.
59
65
Features and Electronic Developments

Electronics in Space
Test Instruments (Part 2)
Sight Through Sound
My Misguided Missile
Electronic Abbreviations Puzzle
Would You Like a Technician's Job'
Electronic Sticklers
Simon Dresner
43
Larry Klein
53
Carl Kohler
57
66
John A. Comstock
72
Simon Dresner
79
Ronald Wilensky
86
Departments
Notes from the Editor
Carl & Jerry
Letters from Our Readers
New Products
POP'tronics Bookshelf
Tips and Techniques
Kit Builder's Korner

After Class
Short -Wave Report
Transistor Topics
Among the Novice Hams
Copyright C 1959 by Ziff-Davis Publishing Company.
Oliver Read
John T. Frye
10
24
28
37
38
69
Harvey Pollack
Hank Bennett
Lou Garner
Herb S. Brier, W9EGQ
73
83
87
89
All rights reserved.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
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POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
Editor & Publisher

OLIVER READ, W1ETI
Assistant Editor
JULIAN M.SIENKIEWICZ,WV2CQL
Average Net Paid Circulation 267,136
Technical Editor
LARRY KLEIN
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Valigursky
SIMON DRESNER
FURMAN HEBB
MARGARET MAGNA
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J. T. FRYE
L. E. GARNER,
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(ON SALE FEBRUARY 24)
The home experimenter on our March cover is deep in the

midst of troubleshooting an a.c. d.c. receiver. Surrounded
by all that test equipment, he should be particularly interested in the special POPULAR ELECTRONICS series explaining the theory and operation of test equipment.
Of special interest to the build -it- yourself fans will be
construction articles on o one -transistor, four -channel
mike mixer and a pocket FM signal injector. An article
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An exclusive POPULAR ELECTRONICS feature will describe some of the hazards presented by the new atomic
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notes from the editor

MAN IN SPACE.
Ten years ago, if you talked seriously
about sending a man to the moon, chances are you would find
people leaving you to talk to saner individuals. In our
post- Sputnik era, however, it has not only been declared
quite possible that we will get to the moon in our lifetimes, but it is almost certain that we will do so.
Experiments with North American Aviation's X -15 rocket plane
should provide enough information about conditions in space
to allow the design of operational space- ships.
Don't miss
"Electronics in Space" on page 43.
THE VOICE OF HI -FI. Where do you get good articles on
high fidelity? You hire good high -fidelity writers.
This
is easier said than done -good hi -fi writers are as rare as
a quiet moment at an audio fair. But, by golly, we've corraled one now and we plan to keep him busy.
Starting in
this issue, Joseph Marshall is going to take us all the way
through hi -fi, from soup to nuts-or, in the jargon of the
trade, from preamp to loudspeaker.
Joe Marshall is
well known as a writer on the subject of hi -fi and is the
author of a book, "Maintaining Hi -Fi Equipment " --which we
highly recommend, incidentally.
We are very happy to have
him aboard and look forward to learning things from his
series on "Inside the Preamplifier," "Inside the Power Amplifier," "Inside the Tape Recorder," etc.
(See page 47.)
.
TEST EQUIPMENT.
Another POPULAR ELECTRONICS series is

written by Larry Klein, our technical
editor.
It's interesting to note how this series was born.
Since Larry is quite an authority on test equipment (he's
working on a book on test equipment in his spare time), he
has frequently been called upon to recommend books explaining how meters, generators, and scopes work.
This was not
an altogether happy situation for Larry since he couldn't
find a book that explained the workings of test equipment
the way he would explain them.
Well, one thing led to another, and one day Larry showed up with a huge sheaf of
typewritten pages.
"Here's our new test equipment series,"
said he.
So we got the ball rolling last month with
the first part on the VOM and are following with the second
part in this issue (page 53).
If you missed the January installment, look it up -we think you'll like it.
on test equipment,
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Every Essential Term in Physics
and Electronics -12,000 of Them

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THE INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY OF PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS
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More than 12,000 laws, relationships, equations, basic principles, instruments, apparatus and techniques are described in half
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Dog Teaches Boy

CARL LOOKED PUZZLED as he examined the strange object resting on the
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two feet long and a foot high.
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GRANTHAM TRAINING PREPARES YOU
The Grantham course covers the required subject

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Laws, Alternating Current, Frequency and Wavelength, Inductance, Capacitance, Impedance, Resonance, Vacuum Tubes, Transistors, Basic Principles
PROOF...
that Grantham students prepare for F.C.C. examinations in a
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the class of license they got, and how long it took them:
HERE'S
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II
Carl
&
Jerry (Continued from page
they pierced the dogs. I think some sort of

electrolytic action took place
the taste
was very much like brimstone. When Pop
heard about this, he cracked that since it
was to be a church affair a little taste of
brimstone might not be a bad idea, especially for a couple of gossips he knew in
that class. You should have seen the look
Mom gave him. It would have cooked several pounds of dogs. Anyway, these uncoated nails leave no taste."
As he talked, Jerry was carefully fastening the wieners to the nails by thrusting
opposite spikes in the two rows through the
ends.
"The nails should go through as close to
the ends as possible without splitting out
because the dog is cooked by current passing between the nails," he explained.
"What are the little red bulbs for ?"
atmosphere. Of course, they also
serve as pilot lamps to indicate when the
current is on, but relying on a voltage -indicating pilot lamp is dangerous. It's too
likely to burn out and fail to give warning
that the voltage is present. But you will
notice that this heavy -duty plug mounted
up here in the corner of the box has two
10)
...
comfortable while he's being electrocuted,"

he said scornfully. "Quit clowning and tell
me what it really is."
"I did tell you," Jerry insisted as he
opened a package of wieners. "Here's the
scoop! Mom is chairman of the food committee for the meeting of her Sunday
School class at the church tonight. They
intended to serve hot dogs broiled in the
gas ovens of the church kitchen, but the
cold weather has broken a gas line running
into the church, and it can't be repaired
until tomorrow.
"Then I happened to remember seeing a
gadget that cooked hot dogs by passing 117 volt house current through them. So I
e,perimented with a single hot dog at a
time until I found several things not to do;
then I built up this affair that will cook
ten of them at once. You're just in time to
see it checked out."
"What sort of things did you find out not
to do ?" Carl wanted to know.
"Well, I started out using galvanized
nails. They worked all right, but they left
a disagreeable taste at the points where
ti
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13
a quarter century of PRECISION* Carl & Jerry (Continued from page 12)
heavy leads that go down through the board
know -how is yours in ...
and are connected to two copper strips
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HE said this, Jerry plugged the dog roaster into a panel with an a.c. ammeter. The two bulbs in the box lit up, and
the ammeter pointer swung over to indicate
six amperes of current.
"Hey, nothing's happening," Carl reAS
marked.
70-31 34th Street, Glendale 27.' L I., N.Y.

Expert: 458
soldered to the heads of each row of spikes.

The plug matches up with this socket which
is fastened to the door so that only when
the door is entirely closed does the plug
engage the socket and apply voltage across
the two rows of spikes and the two lamps."
"Wouldn't a simple Microswitch in one
lead work just as well ?" Carl asked.
"You know better than that. In the first
place, this gadget will be operated in the
church basement which has a cement floor.
You know that one of the two wires ordinarily bringing current into the house is
grounded while the other is 'hot.' If you
stand on the ground and touch that single
hot wire, you can electrocute yourself.
"It may take two to tango, but never
forget it takes only one wire to electrocute
you if you're standing on the ground or
touching anything grounded, such as a gas
or water pipe, a radiator, or a bathroom
fixture. A switch that opens only one wire
of a device has a fifty-fifty chance of opening the ground lead instead of the hot lead.
That's like playing Russian roulette with
a six -gun with three loaded cylinders. Now
I'll show you another reason for not using
an ordinary switch."
Apparatus Company. Inc.
"Oh, yes, it is; just keep watching."

The ammeter needle gradually crept over.
When it reached about twelve amperes, the
hot dogs showed signs of heat. They smoked
a bit and began to sizzle. Their skins
started to swell and grease dropped from
them. The current went up to sixteen amperes. In only about a minute and a half,
Jerry pulled the plug.
"That sixteen amperes of current is too
much for an ordinary Microswitch," he explained, opening the door and handing Carl
a still- smoking wiener. "Each dog takes
about an ampere- and -a -half of peak current; so ten dogs are about all that can be
cooked at one time from an ordinary wall
socket. How does that taste ?"
"Not bad, not bad at all!" Carl approved
in- POPULAR
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...
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15
NEWEST EDITION!
Performance
El..ls1!+f!?R
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TRANSISTOR
CIRCUITS
YOU CAN
BUILD
Here are some of the
interesting and practical
transistor projects this new book outlines for you -complete from description of operation to parts lists. All parts
are standard and readily available from
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Automobile tachometer
Remote temperature indicator
Burglar alarm
30 MW audio preamp
Transistorized organ
Wireless phono oscillator
Timer circuit
Code practice oscillator
Photography light meter
Carl & Jerry
(Continued from page 14)
as he reached for another. "It really seems

to be thoroughly cooked all the way
through. Why do you think the current goes
up that way ?"
"I don't know exactly, but I know what
it makes me think of. I've been boning up
recently on precautions to be observed in
working with electricity, and I found out
several things I didn't know before. One is
that the human skin offers the best protection against electrocution from low
voltage sources. While skins vary widely,
the average dry skin presents a resistance
of about 90,000 ohms per square centimeter.
When the skin is wet with water or sweat,
it drops to around 900 ohms. That's just the
epidermis. The dermis has practically no
resistance at all. I've been told that six
volts are enough to cause fatal shock if the
electrodes are thrust beneath the skin."
"It's really the current that does the
dirty work, isn't it ?"
"Right! But how much current do you
suppose it takes to cause death ?" Jerry inquired.
"Just a few amperes, I'd guess."
"You're wrong, a thousand times wrong.
Only 15 to 25 milliamperes of current are
enough to destroy your muscular control
and render you incapable of releasing your
grasp of the wire or gadget that's killing
you. The current soon causes the skin to
36 projects in all!
Only 35
Available from your Sylvania distributor
or order direct.
? SYLVAN IA
r
Sylvania Electric Products Inc.
Dept. NH66, 1100 Main St.
Buffalo 9, N.Y.
Please send the booklet, "Performance
Tested Transistor Circuits." Enclosed is
35 cents in coin for each copy.
Name
Street Address
City and State

(please
print clearly)
... Jerry plugged the dog -roaster into a panel

an a.c. ammeter. The two bulbs in the box
16
Always say you,saw it
in-
lit up
with
...
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. ,
See
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COMPLIANCE,
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When the Electro -Voice corps of

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February, 1959
17
HOME STUDY COURSES
Course
Electronic Fundamentals
course II
Let RCA
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Advanced Electronics
This is Li-' college-level training you need to
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RCA INSTITLTES, INC.
SCHOOL OF TELEVISION
C TECHROLOGY
A-ID ELECTRON
Serice of Rodo Co-potation
N. Y. 14, N.Y.
Please send me your FREE catalog of
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NAME
Study training, The equipment illustrated and

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to keep. Practical work with very first lesson.
Courses fur the beginner and the advanced student. Pay-as-you-learn. You need pay for only
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Nucleonics, Photoelectronics, Digital Techniques, Synchros and Servomechanisms, Data Recorders, Automatic Process Controllers, Telemetering and Remote Control, Ultrasonics, and
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Without obligation, send me the FREE catalog of Home Study Courses. No

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Korean Vets! Enter discharge date.

CANADIANS Take advantage of these same RCA Courses at no additional cost.
No postage, no customs, no delay. Send coupon to:
5001 Cote de Liesse Rd., Montreal 9, Que.
RCA VICTOR COMPANY, LTD.
TO SAVE TIME, PASTE COUPON ON POSTCARD.
February, 1959
19
Carl & Jerry (Continued from page 16)

blister, and that deprives you of its insulation. Then, with the inner skin offering no
resistance to the current, it rises rapidly,
just as it does in those hot dogs. Ventricular
fibrillation, or electrically produced heart
spasm, can occur at between 75 and 100
ma., and then you've had it."
Carl shivered. "Not a very pretty picture," he commented; "but what started
PORT ARTHUR
COLLEGE
ELECTRONICS
RESIDENT
COMMUNICATIONS
CO- EDUCATIONAL
AM -FM RADIO
TV STATIONS
MARINE RADIO
TRAINING
Is the finest. Well equipped college classrooms and laboratories with AM, FM
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chain, experimental laboratory test equipment,
etc used as standard part of curriculum.
PRACTICAL On- the -job- training program.

College operates Radio Station KPAC, coowner of KPAC -TV. You learn the interesting
way. You learn by doing.
G.I. APPROVED
CO- EDUCATIONAL You enjoy the personal
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LOW COST Being a non -profit vocational institution explains our low tuition rates
$36
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accepted.
...
FREE PLACEMENT Our
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We have trained men from all 49 states and
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INVESTIGATE Write for illustrated booklet

P -48 for further details. Classes now forming.
Non high school graduates must pass entrance
examination. Persons 21 years or older may
be accepted on individual approval.
PORT
ARTHUR
PORT ARTHUR,
Founded in 1909
20
COLLEGE
-48, TEXAS
you on this safety kick ?"

"I just got to thinking that we're probably going to be working with electricity
the rest of our lives, and it's plain stupid
not to be well informed on its dangers. That
would be like a laboratory technician not
understanding how to handle deadly microbes or an auto mechanic being ignorant
of carbon monoxide poisoning.
ee
think 117 -volt house current

P EOPLE
is too low to be dangerous, but many
of them have discovered that they were

dead wrong; and I use the word dead deliberately. More people are electrocuted by
house voltage than by any other source.
Naturally, one reason for this is the widespread use of this particular voltage; but
another reason is that folks don't have the
respect for this voltage that they should.
People working with higher voltage are
usually specially trained to take careful
precautions, and they take them; but any
dub can stick his finger into an electrical
socket to see if it is turned on and to show
others how much electricity he can take.
He's the guy who will tell you: 'Aw, 110
can't hurt you.' "
"You won't catch me doing anything as
stupid as that," Carl promised. "I don't
think I'll ever bite another hot dog without
thinking about the sight of these having
the grease fried out of them with 117 volts."
"Good!" Jerry exclaimed. "Now what do
you say to this idea? Suppose we agree to
watch each other carefully for any careless
or dangerous practices. Let's never be in so
great a rush to see how an electrical gadget
is going to work that we skimp on safety
measures. Let's try to make every electrical
device we put together as nearly foolproof
as possible, just as I did with this dog roaster. Let's not depend on our being careful and alert. There will be times when
we'll be excited or in a hurry and may forget to check a switch or pull a plug. Let's
see to it that we always protect ourselves
Always say you saw if
in- POPULAR
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PAGE 1959
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February, 1959
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SAVE UP TO
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21
"st{r
Carl
Roberta
Peters
recording tape
tapes her own

recordings on
That alone is
not the reason
recording tape
why you
should use
Here's why
you should use
recording
tape
It's the best- engineered tape in the world...gives

you better highs...better lows...better sound all
around! Saves your tape recorder, too because the

irish FERRO -SHEEN process results in smoother
tape...tape that can't sand down your magnetic
heads or shed oxide powder into your machine. Price?
Same as ordinary tape!
&
Jerry
from our own carelessness. Is that okay ?"

Carl's sinewy fingers wrapped themselves
around Jerry's pudgy hand. "It's a deal,"
he solemnly agreed. "You watch me, and
I'll watch you; and the first one who gets
careless receives forty lashes with a wet
noodle. Say, who's going to operate this
dog- burner at the party tonight ?"
"I am. Want to come along ?"
"Yep. Wait a minute. I'll be right back."
This last sentence was cut off by the
slamming basement door as Carl took the
outside steps two at a time. In a couple of
minutes he strode back into the laboratory.
On top of his head was a huge mushroom shaped chef's hat that nearly brushed the
low ceiling, and his lean frame was wrapped
in a snowy white apron that had "Chef"
printed on the front in big letters.
"My uncle sent me this for Christmas,
and I've been thinking I'd have to wait for
next summer's barbecues to try it out,"
he explained. "Now I won't. How do I look?
Pretty sharp, huh ?"
"I'm not sure that's the word, but you
look different, anyway. All I can think of
are those white- crested cranes we used to
see standing along the river bank when we
were fishing last summer. But you wear
that getup, and we'll give these poor little
dogies a real send -off on their last roundup."
"Eet weel be my plaizhure, M'sieu," Carl
said in an atrocious French accent as he
drew himself to his full height and saluted
smartly.
30
Available wherever quality tape is sold.
ORRadio Industries, Inc., Opelika, Alabama

Metropolitan Opera star Roberta Peters is under the
exclusive management of Hurok Attractions, Inc.
22
. Carl's sinewy fingers wrapped themselves around

Jerry's pudgy hand. "It's a deal," he solemnly
agreed.
You watch me, and I'll watch you
.
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ited opportunities, including many

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LESSONS AND INSTRUCTION MATERIAL ARE

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EARN AS YOU LEARN. We'll show you
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All instruction material
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February, 1959
Job Placement Service
Unlimited Consultation
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EVERYTHING YOU NEED FOR
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MAIL NOW TO
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RESIDENT TRAINING AT LOS ANGELES
lI you wish to take your training in our Resident

School at Las Angeles, the world's TV capital,
start NOW in our big. modern Shops, Labs and
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finest, most complete facilities offered by
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LOS ANGELES 37, CALIF.
17 P,,
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Assembled unit is completely portable and requires no external
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Radio receiver is tunable to any of the 22 channels by a single control knob. Features ultrahigh amplification, automatic volume control and noise clipping,
Instructions and photographs are supplied with each chassis
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FREE R.F. power indicator kit with each order.
SEND YOUR ORDER TODAY.
FOR
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INCLUDE POSTAL MONEY ORDER

REQUIRE $5.00 DEPOSIT.
C.O.D.s
SPRINGFIELD ENTERPRISES
BOX 54E -2
readers
Springfield Gardens 13, N. Y.
For Foreign Readers

To simplify matters for some experimenters and
hobbyists in foreign countries, I would suggest
that when circuits are designed for 117 volts a.c. it
should also be indicated (by means of an inset on
the schematic and a small paragraph in the text)
how users of 220 -240 volts a.c. can make use of the
circuitry in their countries.
MARGHUB ALAM, USN
Monterey, Calif.
The easiest way to handle this situation is to
use a 220 to 110 stepdown transformer. However,
in some cases, a dropping resistor in the line will
do the job provided that the circuit's current re-
quirements are constant.
Wind Generators
In the December Letters from Our Readers, you
mentioned that you were looking for some plans
for a wind generator. There is a booklet on the
subject published by the Oklahoma Agricultural
and Mechanical College, Stillwater, Okla. It is
called "Plans for the Construction of a Small
Wind Electric Plant," by Arnold Benson, pub-
lication # 33. The plans are very complete and

include templates for the propeller. They are sold
for a very nominal sum.
I. E. Swine
Brooklyn, N. Y.
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Write today for further details

GONSETYOUNGISSPR
Burbank, Calif.
24
F.
C O R P O R A T
GFe WIRF
I
O N
Although it may not seem possible, it has happened. A Novice has received the coveted BPL
Traffic Award. Yes, Novices are really interested
in traffic- handling and like to pass radiograms.
Unfortunately, there are not very many nets in
which they can participate.
In order to keep this interest glowing in New
Jersey, we have established the New Jersey Slow
Speed Net. This gives beginners a chance to pass
traffic at speeds they can enjoy and copy. Our net
has been in operation for a year, and we all agree
that it sure has been fun handling messages.
Both Novices and Generals are welcome into
NJSS and we hope many more will become interested. We feel that there are many Novices
who don't know about NJSS. Perhaps if more
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
and
ELECTRONICS TRAINING
RADIO -TV
,,. AT A PRICE
YOU CAN AFFORD!

great course costs far less than any training of its kind
given by other major schools! Radio -Television Training School
will train you for a good job in Television or Industrial ElecAT HOME IN YOUR SPARE TIME.
tronics
complete training program including over
Think of it
120 lessons, Fourteen Big Radio -Television Kits, Complete
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Instruction,
-TV
Color
ALL at a really big saving to you. How can we do
and find out!
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Yes, this
*21
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Receiver Kit Included
-a
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OPEN YOUR OWN RTS- APPROVED AND
-TV SERVICE SHOP
RADIO
FINANCED
And what's more
We Want Many More Shops This Year
This 37 year old training organization

called RTS, that's Radio -Television
wants to establish a
Training School
string of Radio -TV Repair Shops in
principal cities throughout the U. S.
So far, a great many such shops are
NOW IN BUSINESS AND PROSPERING. We are helping and training
ambitious men to become future
owners and operators of these
shops in all areas.
COMPLETE
COLOR
INSTRUCTION
INCLUDED
APPROVED
SERVICE
SHOP
Get your tree book on the
FAMOUS RTS BUSINESS PLAN

find ouf how you can open
A REPAIR SHOP OF YOUR OWN
you build these
and other units
FOR UNSKILLED
INEXPERIENCED MEN ONLY
WE TRAIN YOU OUR WAYI
We supply and finance your equipment

When you are ready and qualified to operate
one of our RTS -Approved TV Repair Shops
WE WILL SUPPLY AND FINANCE EVERY
BIT OF EQUIPMENT YOU NEED TO GET
STARTED plus an inventory of parts and
supplies. In other words we will stoke you
AN OFFER NEVER MADE BEFORE BY
ANY TRAINING ORGANIZATION. Under
the RTS Business Plan you receive:
6. Plans for shop
1. An electric sign for
angement
the shop front.
7. Instructions on how
2. Radio and TV test
to go into business,
Equipment.
8. Continuous consul3. Letterheads, calling
tation and help.
Ards, repair tickets,
4.
etc.
Basic inventory of
9.
parts,
tu ppl es.
5.
Advertising
rromoiol
material.
10.
The ightto use

RTS Seal of
Approval, and the
RTS Credo.
The right to use
the Famous
Trade Mark.
*tubes
excluded
RADIO- TELEVISION
TRAINING SCHOOL
5100 S. VERMONT AVENUE
LOS ANGELES 37, CALIFORNIA
Est. 1922
__roan
gTS
We must insist that the men

we sign up be trained in
Radio -TV Repair, Merchandising and Sales by our
training methods-because
WE KNOW the requirements of the industry.
Therefore, we will TRAIN
YOU . . - we will show
you how to earn EXTRA
CASH, during the first
month or two of your
training period. YOU
KEEP YOUR PRESENT
JOB. TRAINING TAKES
PLACE IN YOUR OWN
HOME, IN YOUR
SPARE TIMEI
A{ NOW !
CUT OUT AND MAIL
TODAY!
RADIO -TELEVISION TRAINING SCHOOL

5100
S.
Vermont Avenue, Dept. PE 29.
Los Angeles 37, California
all of these big Opportunity bOOk

SEND ME FREE
"Good Jobs in TV- Electronics," "A Repair Shop of Your Own"
and "Sample Lesson." I am interested in:
El Radio- Television
RTS' Membership in The

Association of Home Study
Schools is your assurance of
Reliability, Integrity,
Quality of Training.
Name
Please Print
Address
and
City
422oo
February, 1959
(Automation)
Age
State
25
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:
si
WHAT CAN YOU MAKE WITH BRAINIAC KIT K 17? LOGIC MACHINES: Syllogism Prover, Intelligence Test. Boolean Algebra Curits, etc. GAME -PLAYING MACHINES:
-Tat -Toe, Nim, Black Match,
Wheeled Bandit, etc. COMPUTERS: To Tit
add, subtract, divide, multiply
using decimal or binary numbers; Forty Year Calendar, etc. CRYPTOGRAPHIC MACHINES: Coders and Decoders, Lock with 15.000.000
Combinations,
-all
-no
Letters
of these fellows hear about it and give it a try,

they will find out for themselves what it is like
to pass traffic in a real traffic net.
JOHN SORRENTINO, K2ZHK
Crawford, N. J.
One of the best ways for a Novice to go General is to "get -on- the -air." Use that Novice ticket
and the General will come as easy as pie.
More on Tape Pals

I would like very much for you to place my
name in your Letters from Our Readers column
concerning tape pals. I would like to hear from
leyis
etc. PUZZLE -SOLVING MACHINES: The Missionaries

and the Cannibals, Submarine Rescue Chamber, The Uranium Rocket
Ship and the Space Pirates, etc. QUIZ MACHINES: History, geography,
mathematics, etc.
.
AND MANY MORE!
WHAT COMES WITH YOUR BRAINIAC KIT? Complete description of
151 experiments
Manual of explanation instruction by E. C. Berkeley
Over 600 pieces including control panel, multiple switch discs,
jumpers, improved wipers, bulbs, sockets, wire, etc.
Over 160 circuit diagrams including 46 enact i g templates "How
Go from
Brainiacs and Geniacs to Automatic r Computers" by E. C. to
Berkeley
Claude Shannon's historic 1938 paper "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay
& Switching Circuits"
List of references to computer literature Etc.
BRAINIAC KIT (1958 Model) K 17
.
kit with limitless possibilities backed by an organization of 10 the
years' standing in the c
outer field
$17.95
(For shipment west of Mississippi, add 80c: outside U.S.A. add 51.80)
7 -DAY FULL REFUND GUARANTEE IF NOT SATISFACTORY
MAIL THIS COUPON
BERKELEy
I
815 Washington
ngton St.. R -172, Newtonville 60, Mass.
Please send me Brainiac Kit K 17. (Returnable
in 7 days for full I
refund if not satisfactory
in good condition.)
I
enclose
full
I $
My Name and Addre
Address are attached.
1
-if
The Amazing
Electronic Educator!
anyone interested in vehicle and driver safety,

mainly safety supervisors from different countries.
All tapes, regardless of interest, will be answered.
TERRY THERIAULT
P. 0. Box 258
Lancaster Park, Alberta, Canada
More on Mars
The MARS Technical Program was conceived
by Mr. Harvey McCoy, AF21YX, 109 Willow
Ave., Huntington, L. I., N. Y., in 1956, and generally along the lines you have described for the
First Army Technical Program in "A MARSman
Tells All" (Dec. '58). Mr. McCoy's ideas for a
technical net within the Air Force MARS structure received favorable consideration and he was
made Net Director of the Eastern Technical Net
with special frequena.es being made available for
the broadcasts. From the beginning, the Technical Net broadcasts from station AF21YX were
enthusiastically received. Mr. McCoy recently received a citation from General Curtis LeMay, Vice
Chief of Staff, USAF, for his work on the development of the MARS Technical Net.
ALFRED W. TYLER, MAJOR, USAF
New York, N. Y.
Report and Request

One of the best projects I constructed from
POP'tronics plans was the flashing light with
The Electronic Educator is an amazing new scientific device

designed to train and teach at both the conscious and subconscious levels. You read, speak or transcribe recorded material
thru the microphone, where it is recorded on special endless
tape cartridges holding from 1 min. to 2 full hours of tape. This
tape repeats itself and your message endlessly to give you the
necessary repetition to memorize material. Comes complete
with mike, Slumber Speaker, timer and cartridges. Offers thousands of uses from learning languages to helping backward students. Write for free descriptive literature. Sleep- Learning
Research Assn. Box 24-F. Olympia, Washington.
For the complete Learn -While- You -Sleep story, send $2
for amazing 100 page fact -filled illustrated instruction
book: "Sleep- Learning -Its Theory. Application & Technique." Satisfaction guaranteed. Free descriptive folder
transistors ( "Flash Light with Transistors," Sept.

1958). It was kind of late in the season, but we
used it a little on the dock before the cold hit
and brought us back down south.
Just one request, if possible. Would it be practical to have a construction project of a Van
de Graaf generator or a Tesla coil?
DAVID FRASER
Toronto, Ont.
POP'tronics plans to run constructions details on
the "hair- raising" high -voltage inventions of both
Messrs. Van de Graaf and Tesla in the near future.
on request.
26
30
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
Now...choose your vocational training!

choose -it -yourself" training system guarantees CHOICE, not chance
Oran
V
Now you can p_ :lc the vocational training

you like! Under the Army's new "CHOOSE IT- YOURSELF" Vocational Training System, you choose your vocational training
... and it's guaranteed before you enlist.

Here's your opportunity to get valuable
training and practical experience in the
kind of work you enjoy!
Choose your vocational training from many interesting categories like

Radar & TV Repair
Atomic Weapons
Surveying
Military Intelligence
Military Police
Printing
Physical Medicine
Electronics
these...
Drafting & Cartography

Metal Working
Automotive Maintenance
Machine Accounting
Finance
Construction
Ballistic Missile Repair
Combat Engineering
Here's how you "CHOOSE -IT- YOURSELF ":
3. KNOW
CHOOSE
2. QUALIFY
...before enlistment!
Choose the vocational training

you like from the categories
currently available. Your Army
recruiter will give you all information and advice you need.
Take aptitude and physical ex-
If you qualify, you know you'll

get the vocational training you
like! Your choice is written into
your future Army record -guaranteed before you enlist.
1.
aminations...to be eligible, you

must have a qualifying aptitude
score and meet minimum physical requirements for your choice.
KNOW ... without the slightest

obligation to enlist! You get the Army vocational training
you like -guaranteed in writing -or you don't enlist! This
week, ask your local Army recruiter for complete details
about the new Army system which lets you do the choosing.
CHOOSE, QUALIFY and
February, 1959
NEW
"CHOOSE-IT-YOURSELF"
VOCATIONAL TRAINING SYSTEM
U.S.ARMY
27
POWERING
pl'O at/ Cl.`S
The University Model C -12SW 12" woofer

eliminates the need for a second woofer in
a stereo speaker
OUT
OF
DUAL VOICE COIL WOOFER
of the world's
greatest
system. Since
the C-12SW features two voice

coils, both ste-
amplifiers
reo amplifiers
can be connected to it for
full bass coverage of both ste-
reo channels.
the
Am perex
6CA7,IEL34
HIGH -POWER OUTPUT PENTODE

High -fidelity authorities are not in agreement
as to which is "best" among the handful of
genuinely great power amplifier designs
available today. But one thing they know for
sure -at least 4 out of 5 of the contenders
have 6CA7 /EL34's in the output stage.
No other comparable tube combines to
the same degree the 6CA7's exceptional
linearity, high power dissipation and low
drive- voltage requirements. It is a true
pentode design, with a separate suppressor
grid that controls the space charge, resulting
in greater linearity on reactive speaker loads
than Is possible with competitive beam -power
tetrodes. A single pair of 6CA7's In push -pull
has been successfully used in power amplifiers
Stereo effect is
obtained by the
use of auxiliary
high-frequency
speakers placed
for optimum effect. The C-12SW may also be used for
extending the bass response of any hi -fi
system. Net price, $39.50. (University Loudspeakers, Inc., 80 S. Kensico Ave., White
Plains, N. Y.)
"SCREW -IN" FLUORESCENT LIGHT
A "screw-in" fluorescent lighting fixture
marketed by Herbach and Rademan, Inc., 1204 Arch St., Philadelphia 7, Pa.
The Harco bulb unit is completely selfis being
delivering up to 100 watts undistorted output.

OTHER
Amperex TUBES
FOR
HIGH -FIDELITY AUDIO APPLICATIONS:
EL84/6845
9 -pin power pentode; 17 W
PP
EF86/6267 Low -noise high - pentode

ECC81 /12AT7 Low -noise medium-Is dual triode
ECC82/12AU7 lownoise low -p. dual triode
ECC83 /12AX7 Low -noise high -t dual triode
ECC85 /81108 High -p, dual triode for FM tuners
Cathode -type rectifier; 250 ma.
GZ34/5AR4
EZ80/6V4 9-pin rectifier; cathode; 90 ma.
EZ81 /6CA4 9 -pin rectifier; cathode; 150 ma.
At All Leading Electronic Ports Distributors
1 Amperex
-- rrrnnr-+
28
ELECTRONIC CORP.
230 Duffy Ave., Hicksville, Long Island, N.Y.
contained and can be screwed into any

standard light socket. According to the
manufacturer, it provides up to five times
the illumination of an incandescent lamp
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
NOW READY! McGraw -Hill's New Train -Yourself Course

TELEVISION AND
PROFITABLE RADIO
PRACTICAL RADIO
PROFITABLE
RADIO REPAIRING
TROUBLESHOOTING
SERVICING
TELEVISION
6 61G
VOLUMES
Including
TROUBLESHO0TING
Horne
Outline!
ShoKSh,
I
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e dGet
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THIS AMAZING
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at Amazing LOW COST The

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on EVERY set- tubes, circuits, speakers, new a-c /d -c portables, Color TV,
even what to charge for every job!
AFTER
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TION
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REPAIR MANUALS tell and show how
to FIX every trouble the easy way. TWO
huge TROUBLESHOOTERS tell exactly WHERE to begin, WHAT tools
to use. HOW to "polish off" every job.
Complete Home Study Volume guides
you every step of the way, tells how to
get ahead fast as a repairman build
up your own business, full or spare
time, for BIG PROFITS
free
ALL THREE
Try Course 10 days FREE. (We pay

shipping!) If you don't agree it can get
you started in a
money- making repair business -return it, pay noth-
Repairing
Record
keep it. Earn while

you learn and pay
the low cost on
easy terms. Mail
Getting started in television and radio servicing. How to

get the most out of your Course.
How to get ahead FAST. By
John Markus.
ing. Otherwise
TV Troubleshooting
SEND NO MONEY
coupon NOW.
McGraw -Hill Book

Co., Dept. PEL -2,
Name
introductory offer.
fund, Eng. DuMont Lab., Inc.
Complete Home Course Outline
(Please
Print Clearly
Address
Zone No.
State
(if any)
City
CHECK HERE if you prefer to enclose first payment
of $4.95 with coupon. Same easy pay plan: same 10 -doy
FEL-2
return privilege for full refund.
ALL
THREE (worth $3.00) yours

FREE while they last on this
February, 1959
amazing DETECT -O -SCOPE

Charts. TV and RADIO Scopes
enable you to spot all tube
troubles in a jiffy. CIRCUIT
Scope spots all circuit troubles. Make fix -it jobs easier,
x 21 inches.
Changers
Step -by -step pictures and

directions haw to set up service bench, etc. 278 pages. 202
A -B -C pltcures. By Eugene Eck -
whether you keep

FREE
the Course or not THREE
16
Short- cuts to SPOT and FIX

every trouble -fast, for big profits. By Eugene A. Anthony, Service Consultant, General Elec. Co.
McGRAW -HILL Book Co., Dept. PEL-2,

327 West 41st St., New York 36, N. Y.
for 10 DAYS' FREE TRIAL the 6postpaid
Send me
Vol. McGraw -Hill TV, Radio and Changer Servicing
Cours,. If okay, I'll remit only $4.95 in 10 days; then
$5.00 monthly for 5 months. (A total savings of $11.85 on
the regular price of the Course and Detect -O- Scopes.
Otherwise, I'll return Course in 10 days; pay nothing.
ALSO send FREE (to KEEP whether Or not I keep the
Course) the 3 TV, RADIO, and CIRCUIT DETECT -O -SCOPE
CHARTS,
total value $3.00.
CIRCUIT Detec -0-Scopes (Total Retail Value $3.00)
-WHERE to look and WHAT

to do for every trouble. How to
avoid costly mistakes, handle
customers profitably. 330 pages.
153 "how -to" illus. By William
Marcus, Alex Levy.
THIS COUPON SAVES YOU $11.85
327 West 41st St.,

New York 36, N. Y.
Valuable Repair Aids: TV, RADIO, and
faster.
Profitable
EARN While You Learn
Full Time
Tested and now used in top schools,

and repair shops Course volumes are
simple enough for green beginners,
amazed "pros" with new easy methods.
Starts you doing simple repairs and
earning money from very first chapter. ABC pictures and directions make
tougher jobs a "snap." Before you finish you can earn many times its cost.
NO previous training needed. NO complicated formulas. PLAIN ENGLISH
Testing, repairing, replacing parts, 566 pages. 700

"This -Is -How" pictures, diagrams. By John Markus, Feature
Ed., Electronics Magazine.
Radio Servicing
Practical
directions,
Easy -to- follow
with job
diagrams, drawings
sheet for every repair job. 509
pages. 473 illus. By William Marcus, Alex Levy, Electronic Training Experts.
Profitable Radio Troubleshooting
-Spare or
Forget lack of experience. Forget your

age. Over 40 MILLION TV sets, 130
MILLION radios -and the shortage of
repairmen mean big money for you.
Course makes it easy to "cash in," spare
time or full, start your own business,
enjoy your work and a big bank account
PARTIAL CONTENTS
Television and Radio Repairing
BIG MONEY
r
29
11.A.-Rri,:;,::,ay
,r..t
iy51i
1
Time for
replacement
4T
products
which consumes the same amount of power.

It is available in three models, all 6% "x
21/2" x 12/4 ", and includes two cool white
lamps. Price, $11.00.
MINIATURE SOLDERING IRON
miniature soldering iron, the "MightMite Solder -ette," is being offered by Tube
A
For
permanent, Neat installation...

MOSLEY TV Wiring Accessories!
a
Y -TY
The Mosley Y -TY eliminates
transmission line breakage at
antenna. Provides positive con-
Wholesalers Co., Box 61, Baldwin, N. Y.

This 25 -watt iron is suitable for making
all types of electrical repairs and may be
used in the most crowded chassis areas. The
copper alloy tip is replaceable. Price, $2.98.
nection for best reception.
WALL FEED
weather-proof transmission
line entrance device permits
line to be brought into attic or
crawl space. Simple, neat in-
AMFM TUNER
An AM -FM tuner, the Model EM- 085-ER,
has been introduced by Erie Resistor Corp.,
Erie, Pa. It features an etched wiring board

and Erie PAC's. Circuitry includes two i.f.
stages, a limiter, Foster -Seeley discriminator circuit, and a.f.c. The EM -085 -ER's
stallation.
2 -SET COUPLER
Permits operation of two TV
sets from one antenna at the
same time. Install in attic or
basement.
WALL PLATE
Provides neat plug -in connection to antenna. Set may easily
be unplugged as a
safety
factor
during storms.
Mosley TV Accessories give

new flexibility and neatness
to any TV installation
I
WRITE FOR FREE

CATALOG 58.
Address: Dept.
86 :2
30
S7
HART
ES
ROCK
ROAD,
ST
LOUIS
14,
PE -2
MISSOURI
front panel is gold metalized plastic; its

cabinet is finished in black and measures
121/2" x 91/2" x 31/2 ". Net price, $84.50.
TRANSFORMERS FOR TRANSISTORS
A complete line of miniature transformers designed explicitly for transistors is
available from Amplifier Corp. of America,

398 Broadway, New York 13, N. Y. Thirteen basic types of transformers are being
made for use in 90 different impedance matching circuits. There are four types of
frequency response ranges to cover all apAlways say you saw it
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
WE'RE MAKING IT EASIER THAN EVER TO BECOME A WELL PAID
RADIO -TELEVISION SERVICE TECHNICIAN
NOW - Just' .Starts You Training in
(11
Learn -by- Doing" Way
COMPLETE
S
25 BIG,
of
PARTS
...
KITS
ir This great industry is begging

for trained men ... to step into good paying jobs
or a profitable business of their own! Our new
plan opens the doors of Radio -Television wide to
every ambitious man who is ready to act at once!
EQUIPMENT
To help you learn fast the practical side

of Radio -Television, we
send you extxatly engineered training kta co
teat and assemble for
interesting.
Men by the thousands ...trained Radio -Television Service Technicians... are needed at once! Perhaps you've thought about entering
this interesting, top paying field, but lack of ready money held you
back. Now -just $6 enrolls you for America's finest, most up to
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the explanation is simple, We believe Radio - Television must have
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opporbig
This
is
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tunity to get the training you need...to step into a fine job or your
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valuable
shop-bench
practical
Complete Facts Free -Act Now; Offer Limited
Only a limited number of students may be accepted on this liberal

and unusual basis. We urge you to act at once...mail the coupon below and get complete details plus our big new catalog and an actual
sample lesson -all free. No obligation ...no salesman will bother you.
HOME STUDY TRAINING IN SPARE TIME

Under world- famous 27 -year old Sprayberry Plan, you learn entirely
at home in spare time. You keep on with your presentob and income.
You train as fast or as slowly as you wish. You get valuable kits of
parts and equipment for priceless shop -bench practice. And everything you receive, lessons and equipment alike, is all yours to keep.
The new Sprayberry
Training Television Ra.

ceiver, built and tested
In 5 section..
Now offered... this 5ne

modern oscilloscopeYou build this powerful
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LET US PROVE HOW EASILY YOU CAN LEARN!

Radio -Television needs YOU! And Sprayberry is ready to
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SPRAYBERRY Academy of Radio-Television

1512 Jarvis Avenue,
build the
w Spray
Vnss
berry tester
complete
le- range
Volt
Mile
metan ros,
meter.
ar.
, sat scar
..^.
105 -R,
Chicago 26, Illinois
Sprayberry Academy of Radio-Television

as
RaiiaTelevision
TiUINING
Dept.
P1A,M,
ocpt.105 -R, 1512 W. Jarvis Ave., Chicago 26, 111,

Please rush all information on your ALL-NEW Radio -Tele- I
is ion Training Plan. I understand this does not obligate me
d that no salesmen will call upon mo. Include New Catalog and Sample Lesson FREE.
NAME.._...- ... -.-_ _. _....
Age.
ADDRESS- ..- ....__._.._._._..
CITY.
F6F. ud y,
1959
STATE
31
NEW! "Do-It-Yourself" LAFAYETTE Kits

LAFAYETTE'S
1959 CATALOG
260 iTor
SIZE
Complete listings of the NEWEST to Stereo and Monaural

Hi-Fi, Short Wave, Audio, Transistor, and many other Lafayette
elect.onics kits as well as thousands upon thousands of
standard brand nationally advertised kits and electronic
parts and componers are described in LAFAYETTE'S GIANT
IT-IT'S FREE! Just fill

in coupon below and present it at any Lafayette store, or
paste it on a postcard and send it to us. THArS W. YOU
NEW 260-PAGE CATALOG. SEND FOR
FREE!
HAVE TO DO to
get your
FREE 1959 LAFAYETTE CATALOG!
EDUCATIONAL
LAFAYETTE
RADIO
ELECTRONIC
KITS
KT-135 18.50
Include the very
latest electronic
advances.
Are constantly
being modernized
01.92 10.03
by Lafayette's
own Engineering
Department, by
a leading consulting engineering firm, and by
your own recommendations.
Are a product
of Lafayette's 38
years of Electronic
Leadership.
4 TRANSISTOR TELEPHONE
PICKUP AMPLIFIER
6 TRANSISTOR SUPERMET
RECEIVER
3 THANSISTOK
401
SUPERKT
POCKET RADIO
...KT.134 f4.95
ette
Lt'
32
.5.
Arts For Everyone!
Always say you saw if in-POPULAR ELECTRONICS
LAFAYETTE
Kits Are
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LEARN ELECTRONICS BY BUILDING A LOW COST LAFAYETTE KIT

Transistor Code Practice Oscillator AC-DC Broadcast Re:ever
10 -fn. 1 Lab Kit
7 -In -1 Radio Lab Kit
2 -In -_ Kit
Ge manium
Broadcast Receiver 5 Watt Push -Pull AC-DC Amplifier
Radio
2- Transistor Pocket Radio
Diode Radio
1 Transistor Pocket
_lecroric
Stereo Remote Control Center
HI -FI KITS
Stereo Master Audio Control Center & Preamplifier
Stereo Adapter - 36 -Watt Basic Stereo Amplifier AM FM Stereo Tuner Preamp-Audio Contrcl Center 70-Watt
Power Amplifier 4 -Watt Stereo Amplifier Speaker Enclosure Kits
Electric Brain Kit
10 Watt Push -Pull -HiFi Arpl fier
ADVANCED KITS
Broadcast Shortwave Receiver
4 -Band Broadcast -Shortwave Receiver
Photocell Eloctronic Relay 15 -In-1 Transistor Experimenter's Kit
2Transis:or 4eflea
3- Transistor Hi -Fi Preamplifier
3 Transistor Pocket Racio
S -Trans stur Su:erhet Receiver
Trsnsisto- -Diode
Radio Control Transmitter
Transistor Code Practice Oscillator
Radio with Sur Battery
Multifester Semi -Kit 4 Transistor Telephone Pickup Amplifier
Checker
KITS FOR 3EGINNERS
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STEREO MASTER AUDIO CONTROL

ENTER-PREAMP ....1(T600 79.50
36-WATT STEREO BASIC POWER

AMPLIFIER ....1T310 47.50
A ICE
Y
-
Every
test advance in
electrcr.iu finds its
way nto educational and practical Lafayette
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was FIRST in
STEREO
70-WATT DELUXE
BASIC AMPLIFIER
STEREO REMOTE CONTROL CENTER

ELECTRONIC STEREO ADAPTER
AMFM H16,1 FIDELITY

....K100 74.50
.... KTd00 69.50
KT315 27.50
TUNER
Vlhetter you
er o- an engineer, a no-ice: or advanced amateu-, t:aere are
fayette kits ycu can buildrn from, and t.-se. De
tractions with clear, large"
blow -ups and dozens sf illustrations describe rnir uta y every
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.AUDIO CONTROL
CENTER- PREAMPLIFIER
4-WATT STEREO
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there are seldom any questions.
KT.300 39.50
....x112310.95
TRANSISTORS,
and Lafayette is
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REO HI -FI!
LAFAYETTE KITS ARE AVAILABLE ON OUR EASY

PAY PLAN. SEE OUR FRIL CItNTSIIED
260PAGE 1959 CATALOB FOE DETAILS,
LAFAYETTE RADIO STORE LOCATIONS

IAMAICA 33, N. Y.
ri. 1"
NEW YORK 13, N.Y.
BRONX 58,
Rd..
AXtel 1.7000
Open FRIDAY
'Ilil e:45 P.M.
Fill In and present the coupon below at any Lafayette ;tore for your
FREE Catalog, or simply paste the coupon on a postca-d a,c mail it
to the address on the coupon. Our catalog is FREE fc r ttu asking:
N'
WOrth 6-53
.
Open THURSDA
'till 1:45 P
IOrdham 7 -8813
Op.n THURSDAY
'tUl 1x45 P,M.
FREE
CUT
OUT
AND
FASTE
24 Centrai Ave
MArket 2.1661
Open WEDNESDA
.nf ' g:45 P.M.
February, 1959
.139 W. 2nd
nfrold 64
Open THURSDA
HII 0145 P.M.
110 Federal St.

HUbbard 2 -7850
Open MON: WED.
i P.M.
ON
POST
dm
LAFAYETTE RADIO, Vert. 1-89

P.O. Box 511, Jamaica 31. N. Y.
LEADIN& ELE:TRONICS,
RADIO, T.Y., INDUSTRIAL, AND H-PI WIDE
SEND FOR THE WORLD'S
El Eked FREE LAFAYETTE
Heft
DUO
Name
Addreee
City
Zone,,,. Jeta
08
products
GIANT NEW
1959 B-
CATALOG
180
.,.YYr,YifY,1.
RAD10 V_
ELECTRONICS
plications from high fidelity to voice transmission. The transformers are available in
four types of cases, all fully mu- metalshielded. Complete technical specs and
factory prices may be obtained from the
manufacturer.
KING -SIZED
PAGES
SHORTWAVE RECEIVER
EVERYTHING
Short -wave listeners will be interested in

the new NC-60 receiver being manufac-
IN RADIO
TV AND
ELECTRONICS
11U59
/04.41,1
CATALOG :41
III
100's
OF
NEW ITEMS
USTED HERE
FOR
Isr TIME
21 PAGES
OF BARGAINS
NOT IN ANY
OTHER CATALOG
V0)990.099'
.wn
BuRSTE1NAPPLEBEE CO.
SEND
FOR IT
TODAY
Dept. PE, 1012 McGee St., Kansas City 6, Mo.

Q Send Free 1969 B -A Catalog No. 591.
City
..-. -..._
State
Saw, must tell you, 1 hare lw91re/ u

speaker system that approaches ih
authenticity of ccnrcert hall perform n nee
MISCHA ELMAN
tured by the National Co., Inc., Malden,

Mass. The NC=60 covers 540 kc. to 31 mc. in
four bands with electrical bandspread on all
frequencies. Features include separate tuning coils for each band, a front -panel phoneoutput jack, large dial scale, and an attractive black and grey cabinet. Price, $59.95.
STEREO AMPLIFIER
Stereophiles will find the new Acrosound

Stereo 20 -20 amplifier well worth their consideration for inclusion in a stereo system.
It is a dual -channel basic amplifier with
so impressed Mr. Elman? University's

radically new single - cabinet stereo speaker
THE 'TRIMENSIONAL' TMS -2

only 30" x 25" x 121/2" deep .
designed to utilize the acoustical properties of the surrounding walls to give
you performance far beyond the scope
of other single cabinet stereo speakers.
Only the TMS -2 permits placement in a
corner or anywhere along a wall . .
lets you and any number of friends enjoy exciting stereo or monophonic sound
from almost any position in the room.
For a full description of the TMS -2 .. .
Send for FREE 16 page brochure,
An informative guide to high fidelity stereo
and monophonic speaker systems and
components. Write Desk A13, University
Loudspeakers, Inc., White Plains, N. Y.
34
--`/'-`.I
1"yl
each channel providing 18 watts output at

1.5% IM distortion. The two channels may
be paralleled to provide 36 watts output for
(Continued on page 108)
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
Learn TELEVISION -RADIO

Servicing or Communications
by Practicing at Home in Spare Time
NRI gives you kits

to build these and
other equipment
NRI Has Trained Thousands for

Successful Careers in TV -Radio
Electronic Technicians
Have High Pay, Prestige Jobs
People look up to and depend on the Technician,
more than ever before. His opportunities are great
and are increasing. Become a TV-Radio -Electronic
Has Good Part Time Dulness
Studio Engineer KATY
All the Work He Can Do
Technican. At home, and in your spare time, you "Now Studio Engi- "Since finishing NRI "Quite early in my
neer at KATV. Be- Course I have re- training I started
can learn to do this intersting, satisfying work
fore enrolling, I was paired 2,000 TV and servicing sets. Now
qualify for important pay.
completely
hack by sixth Radio sets a year. have
A steady stream of new Electronic products is held
education." NRI proved a good equ pped shop. All
increasing the job and promotion opportunities for grade
BILLY SANCHEZ, Pine foundation." H. R. equ pment is paid
Television- Radio - Electronic Technicians. Right Bluff, Arkansas.
Milledge- for." E. A. BREDA,
GORDON,
now, a proven field of opportunity
Tacoma, Wash.
ville, Georgia.
good
is
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Cut Out and Mail Postage -Free Card NOW
and Radio stations on the air offer
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Make Extra Money Soon,

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in Your Spare Time
NRI students find it easy to start
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after enrolling, pick up $10, $15
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money. Many who start in spare
time soon build full time TVRadio service businesses. NRI

has devoted over 40 years to developing simplified,
practical
training methods. Learn -by- doing.
You get many kits to build equipment for actual practice.
NIOLDEST & LARGEST
HOME STUDY
ational
adio
Dept. 45
RADIO -TV SCHO
DL
nstitute
Washington 16, D.C.
Cateet
Job and
Please send me sample lesson of your Radio-Television

Training and Catalog FREE. (No salesman will cal.)
Age
Name.
Npottunities
iot
RADtO
TECHN
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City
How Electricity
is Produced
for Electronics
Zone
State
ACCREDITED MEMBER NATIONAL HOME STUDY COUNCIL
TAN
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Technical Know -How Pays Off in Interesting, Important Work
YOU BUILD AC -DC
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ItI Servicing Course includes ail
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As part of your NRI course you can got oll

components, tubes, including 17' pi,turc
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receiver; get
actual pract
on TV circuits.
pyou
or
YOU BUILD Vacuum Tube
YOU BUILD
Voltmeter
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Use it to earn extra cash

fixing neighbors' seta;
As part of NRI Communications Course

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bring to life theory

you learn from
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For Higher Pay, Better Jobs

Be a TV- Radio-Electronic Technician
Servicing Needs
More Trained Men
Train at Home the NRI Way

Famous for Over 40 Years
Portable TV, Hi -Fi, TranNRI is America's oldest and largest home study
sistors, Color TV are mak-Radio school. The more than 40
ing new demands for J. E. Smith, Television
years'
experience training men, the outstanding
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and record of this school -benefits
opportunities for spare you many ways. Successful
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No Experience Necessary
Broadcasting Offers
Satisfying Careers
- NRI
Sends
Many Kits for Practical Experience

You don't have to know anything about electricity or
Radio to understand and succeed with N R I Course.
Clearly written, illustrated NRI lessons teach Radio -TVElectronic principles. You get NRI kits for practical
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NRI Graduates Do
FIRST
CLASS
Permit No. 20 -R
(Sec. 34.9, P. L. & R.)
Important Work
101-
Washington, D.C.
I
NRI Course Easy to
BUSINESS REPLY CARD

No Postage Stamp Necessary
if
Mailed
in
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POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY
NATIONAL RADIO INSTITUTE
3939 Wisconsin Avenue

Washington 16, D.C.
Understand
"Opened my own
shop before receiving diploma.
I am independent
in my own business."
D.
P.
CRESSEY, Stockton, California.
Works on Calor TV
"NRI
changed
my whole life. If
had not taken

the course, probably would still
he a fireman,
s t r u g g l i n g
along." J. F. MELINE, New York.
I
See Other Side

SAMPLE LESSON
64 -page CATALOG
both
FREE
IPOP'tronics
BOOKSHELF
"TRANSISTOR FUNDAMENTALS AND
APPLICATIONS" by W. W. Lenz and W.
W. Cook. Published by Radio Corporation
of America, Camden, N. J. 43 pages. Soft
cover. 50 cents.
Starting with the atomic theory necessary for an understanding of transistors,
this book then takes the reader through
the different types of transistors, transistor
amplifiers, methods of coupling, oscillators,
power supplies, etc. The text is unusually
well presented and the illustrations will
help you to understand just what happens
when those electrons and holes get to-
gether.
Recommended: as a reference book on
transistors for everyone interested in the
subject.
m
"TV SIGNAL DISTRIBUTION AND ANTENNA TECHNIQUES" published by Howard W. Sams and Co., Inc., 2201 East 46th
St., Indianapolis 6, Ind. 186 pages. Soft
cover. $2.95.
Every type of TV signal distribution system is fully explored in this book. All
problems from the initial installation of an
antenna system to final trouble-shooting
and maintenance are covered. Additional
sections provide information on bidding,
cost estimating, and selling such installations. The text is easy to understand and
the illustrations are helpful.
Recommended: to the service technician
who would like to enter the field of multiset TV installations.
"HANDBOOK OF ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS" by RCA Service Co. Published by

Howard W. Sams and Co., Inc., 2201 East
46th St., Indianapolis 6, Ind. 66 pages. Soft
cover. $1.00.
A practical and concise reference source
of circuit information is invaluable because
February, 1959
few of us can carry all the details of all

basic circuits in our heads. This handbook
contains circuit diagrams and circuit descriptions of a number of the most commonly used basic electronic circuits employed in both commercial and military
equipment. In addition, an analysis of each
circuit is included with respect to the most
common causes of failure.
Recommended: to anyone whose daily
work has anything to do with electronic
circuits.
"EXPERIMENTAL BASIC ELECTRONICS"

by Rupert N. Evans and Charles B. Porter.
Published by McKnight and McKnight
Publishing Co., Bloomington, Ill. 104 pages.

$3.00.
Working on the principle that theory and

experience should go hand in hand, this
book presents 18 experiments in elementary electronics along with the theory involved in each. Thus, after step -by -step instructions are given explaining how to build
various pieces of simple electronic gear, an
explanation follows which covers the theoretical aspects of each circuit.
This book is ideally suited for beginners
in electronics. However, more experienced
readers would wish for more than just 18
experiments.
Recommended: to the beginner in electronics.
"BASIC PULSES" by Irving Gottlieb. Published by John F. Rider Publisher, Inc., 116
West 14th St., New York 11, N. Y. Soft
cover. 176 pages. $3.50.
The use of pulses has spread far and wide
in the electronic field. Radar, television,
telemetry, and computers, as well as industrial operations, all utilize pulses in myriad
ways. Now, anyone with a knowledge of
electronics can learn the basics of pulses
quickly and easily with this new "picture
book" course. It explains what pulses are,
their composition, shaping techniques, meas-
urement, generation and application. The

highly pictorial approach accompanied by
only as much text as is deemed essential for
maximum clarity not only makes this
course understandable but it is always easy
reading.
Recommended: as a source of material
for profitable spare -time study.
30
17
TIPS an
TECHNIQUES
Apply Duco cement, or regulation plastic

cement, to both sides of the plastic square,
and let it set overnight. The sharp corners
,..y
r:........,.n,.,..................,..,;
ALIGNMENT TOOL IMPROVEMENT
The writer has three gripes against

round alignment tools they roll around on
the workbench; they are hard to pick up;
and they haven't enough leverage for hard to -turn i.f. slugs and trimmer-capacitor
screws. As shown in the photo, these problems can be solved by the simple addition
of a 3/4" square piece of plastic cemented
to the center of the alignment tool handle.
Saw a 34" square from a piece of scrap plastic about 1/s" thick, and drill a hole in the
center slightly smaller than the diameter
of the alignment tool handle. Ream or file
the hole just enough so it can be pushed
onto the alignment tool with a snug fit.
:
of the plastic square can be rounded off a

Trauffer, Council
little with a file.
Art
Bluffs, Iowa.
OPERATION DEEP -FREEZE
Radio batteries from portables are usually removed and left on the shelf, where they
generally deteriorate over the winter
months. Recalling that a polar expedition
found ten -year-old batteries still usable after thawing, we tried the following proce-
NOW YOU CAN SECURE A
HIGH SALARIED
TOP PRESTIGE
CAREER IN ELECTRONICS
IN ONLY ONE YEAR!
ELECTRONICS is the fastest growing industry in America today, creating
unlimited opportunities for high salaries, with rapid advancement in

INDUSTRY AND THE ARMED FORCES for Bailey Trained electronic
engineering technicians.
LARGE CORPORATIONS from coast to coast, and BRANCHES OF THE
ARMED FORCES send recruiters to visit each graduating class at Bailey
Tech, offering unusually high starting salaries.
BAILEY GRADUATES ARE BEING HIRED for such fascinating and interesting work as technical salesmen, research and development of guided
missiles, electronic business machines and automatically controlled
manufacturing plants, etc., also good RATINGS IN THE ARMED FORCES.
UP TO SEVEN TECHNICIANS are needed for every engineer ...this, plus
superior training is why Bailey Graduates are being paid more to start,
and are advancing more rapidly than many men who have spent four
years in training.
MAIL
Resident training is easier and costs less than
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want to quickly enter America's fastest growing and most exciting industry, write for free
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1625 5. Grand
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IN
3
NItaAM
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nil IN
This Minneapolis- Honeywell system
controls hundreds of automatic manufacturing operations. Experience

on live equipment is emphasized at
Bailey and is another reason for the
tremendous backlog of high pay positions waiting BAILEY GRADUATES.
TODAY
Please mail immediately this free booklet without obligation
Name
Address
City
State
O
am Sim
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
2 Kits
and
Cartridge
play everything
With
thec
Wf
inexpensive Turntable Kit,

Electronic Speed Control Kit, and StereoRamic Cartridge
you are ready for superb sound reproduction from any
speed or any type disc in the World
... truly
limitless enjoyment.
THE WEATHERS LIGHT WEIGHT TURNTABLE is
unbelievably quiet.
It
eliminates mechanical noises, is
shielded against outside vibrations, and maintains constant

speed at all times. THE WEATHERS ELECTRONIC SPEED
CONTROL adjusts to speeds of 162/3, 331/2, 45 and 78
and has a Vernier setting for even more accurate
pitch and speed control. THE WEATHERS STEREORAMIC
CARTRIDGE
is
completely compatible to both
monophonic and stereophonic records. It outperforms any
magnetic cartridge, tracks at 2 grams, and fits any tonearm.
With these Weathers components your stereo system brings you the unlimited
enjoyment of any of the World's finest recordings. See your dealer or
write us for literature.
Wea tiwt/J
LC{<i frteS
D V,SIO.+ Of ADVANCE 1NDUS

66
E.
Ai
[S.
Gloucester Pike, Barrington, N. J.
Export: Joseph Plasencia, Inc., 401 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
WEATHERS TECHNICAL MAGIC IS SOUND

-ebruary, 1959
Tips
ALLI ED'S
40001 11a
.
ELECTRONIC SUPPLY CATALOG
dure. We wrapped in pliofilm a 671 -volt

battery which delivered 62 volts after summer use and put it in deep- freeze in the fall.
Early the next summer, the battery was
removed, allowed to thaw out, and tested.
The voltage was still 62 volts under load. It
is at present in a portable radio and still
in use. -George Dugonis, Philadelphia, Pa.
"SEAL 'EM IN PLASTIC"
ON EVERYTHING
1959
.ck.
IN ELECTRONICS
11101,
Every enthusiastic experimenter, ham or

serviceman accumulates a wide and varied
assortment of electronic components. While
the so-called "junk box" may be a suitable
place for some of the more durable items,
such delicate parts as coils, relays, etc., demand a more sophisticated treatment. The
solution -seal them in plastic. Just take a
EASY TERMS
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Here is the complete guide to everything in Electronics for Experimenters, Builders, Amateurs, Servicemen, Engineers and Hi -Fi
enthusiasts:
Amazing Build- Your -Own KNIGHT -KITS
Everything in STEREO Hi -Fi
Hi -Fi Music Systems 8 Components
Recorders & Phono Equipment
Public Address 8 Paging Systems
TV Tubes, Antennas, Accessories
Amateur Station Equipment
Latest Test 8 Lab Instruments
Industrial Electronic Supplies
Parts, Tubes, Transistors, Tools 8 Books
SAVE
at
on everything in Electronics
ALLIED
-get
fast, dependable
service, expert personal help, guaranteed satisfaction. Send today for

your FREE 1959 ALLIED Catalog.
Everything in Electronics
From One Reliable Source
OUR
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for
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ALLIED RADIO
Catalog
ALLIED RADIO, CORP., Dept. 79 -B9

100 N. Western Ave., Chicago 80, III.
Rush FREE 1959 ALLIED 452 -Page Catalog

Name
Address
City
40
Zone
State
sheet of clear plastic (salvaged from shirt

wrappers or food wrappers) and fold it over
the items you want to package. Then run
your hot soldering iron down the edges. A
little practice will give you the knack of
sealing the plastic without melting it. You
can handle a number of items by arranging them in rows inside the package and
running the iron between the different
rows; the individual packets can then be
cut into strips or into separate packages.
-Miles M. Avery, Pharr, Tex.
PHONO PLUG GRIPPING PROBLEM
Everyone, at one time or another, has had

trouble with the RCA-type phono plug
jacks. The main difficulty is the lack of
gripping area on the plug. You can solve
this problem by simply soldering a 3A6"
washer to the rear of the plug. -Charles
Bittner, Briton, N. J.
30
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
BUILD 125 COMPUTERS s1995

AT HOME WITH GENIAC
With the 1959 model GENIAC , the original electric brain construction kit
including seven books and pamphlets, over 400 parts and component rack,
and parts tray, and all materials for experimental computer lab plus
DESIGN -O -Mat .
A COMPLETE COURSE IN
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
The GENIAC Kit by itself is the equivalent of a complete course in
computer fundamentals, in use by thousands of colleges, schools and
industrial training labs and private individuals. Includes everything
necessary for building an astonishing variety of computers that reason,
calculate, solve codes and puzzles, forecast the weather, compose music,
etc. Included in every set are seven books described below, which introduce you step -by -step to the wonder and variety of computer fundamentals and the special problems involved in designing and building
your own experimental computers-the way so many of our customers
have.
OVER 20,000
SOLD
ANYONE CAN BUILD IT!

You can build any one of these 125 exciting electric brain machines
in just a few hours by following the clear cut step by step directions
given in these thrilling books. No soldering required
. no wiring
beyond your skill. But GENIAC is a genuine electric brain machine
not a toy. The only logic and reasoning machine kit in the world that
not only adds and subtracts but presents the basic ideas of cybernetics,
boolean algebra, symbolic logic automation, etc. So simple to construct
that a twelve year old can build what will fascinate a PhD. In use
by thousands of schools, colleges, etc., and with the special low circuitry you can build machines that compose music, forecast the
weather, which have just recently been added.
TEXT PREPARED BY MIT SPECIALIST

Dr. Claude Shannon, known to the readers of Popular Electronics for
his invention of the electronic mouse, that runs a maze, learning as it
goes, formerly a research mathematician for Bell Telephone Laboratories is now a research associate at MIT. His books include publications on Communication theory and the recent volume "Automat
Studies" on the theory of robot construction. He has prepared a paper
entitled "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits" which
is available to purchasers of the GENIAC. Covering the basic theory
necessary for advanced circuit design it vastly extends the range of
our kit.
The complete re-designing of the 1958 kit and the manual as well as
the special book DESIGN -O -MAT was created by Oliver Garfield,

author of "Minds and Machines," editor of the "Gifted Child Magazine" and the "Review of Technical Publications."
KIT IS COMPLETE
The 1959 GENIAC comes complete with seven hooks and manuals and over 400 components.
I) A sixty -four page book "Simple Electric Brains and How to
Make Them."
2) Beginners Manual-which outlines for people with no previous
experience how to create electric circuits.
3) "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits" By
Dr. Claude Shannon provides the basis for new and exciting
experimental work by the kit owner who has finished book No. 1.
4) DESIGN -O -MAT introduces the user to over 50 new circuits
that he can build with GHNIAC and outlines the practical principle of circuit design.
5) GENIAC STUDY GUIDE equivalent to a complete course in
computer fundamentals, this guides the user to more advanced
literature.
6) A Machine to Compose Music shows in an actual circuit what
other GENIAC owners bave been able to do on their own in
designing new devices.
7) A Machine to Forecast the Weather -again a new adventure
in scientific thinking created by one of our users who was trained
on his GENIAC Kit.
Plus all the components necessary for the building of over 125
machines and as many others as you can design yourself.
February, 1959
We are proud to announce that over 20,000 GENIACS

are in use by satisfied customers- schools, colleges,
industrial firms and private individuals
tribute to
the skill and design work which makes it America's
-a
leading scientific kit. People like yourself with a desire

to inform themselves about the computer field know that
GENIAC is the only method for learning that includes
both materials and texts and is devoted exclusive to the
problems faced in computer study.
You are safe in joining this group because you are fully
protected by our guarantee, and have a complete question
and answer service available at no cost beyond that of
the kit itself. You share in the experience of 20,000 kit
users which contributes to the success of the 1959
GENIAC -with DESIGN -O -Mat the exclusive product
of Oliver Garfield Co., Inc.. a Geniac is truly the most
complete and unique kit of its kind In the world.
COMMENTS BY
CUSTOMERS
R'e know the best recommendation for GENIAC is what
is has done for the people who bought it. The comments
from our customers we like best are the ones that come
in daily attached to new circuits that have been created
by the owners of GENIACS. Recently one man wrote:
"GENIAC has opened a new world of thinking to me."
Another who designed the "Machine that Forecasts
the Weather" commented:
"Several months ago I purchased your GENIAC Kit and
found it an excellent piece of equipment. I learned a
Iot about computers from the enclosed books and pamphlets and I am nose designing a small relay computer
which will include arithmetical and logical unite .
another of my pet projects in cybernetics is a weather
forecaster. f find that your GENIAC Kit may be used
in their construction. I enclose the circuits and their
explanation."
Eugene Darling. Malden.
Oliver Garfield Co., Inc.
Dept.
PE -29
108 East 16th St., N. Y. 3, N. Y.
Please send me at once the GENIAC Electric Brain Construction'

Kit, 1959 model. I understand that it is guaranteed by you and may I
be returned in seven days for a full refund if I am not satisfied.
have enclosed $19.95 (plus 80c shipping in U. S., $1.50 west
of Miss., $2.00 foreign), 3% New York City Sales Tax for N.Y.
City Residents.
Send GENIAC C.O.D. I will pay postman the extra C.O.D.
'
charge.
Name
I Address
I
I
I
41
The experts
say...
33-00 Northern Blvd., L. I. C. 1, N. Y. PE- 2

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VOLTMETER =221
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1000 OHMS /VOLT

V -O -M- =536
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DC
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TUBE TESTER =625
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ELIMINATOR
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=1050
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COMBINATION
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COMPARATOR #950B
R-C
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KIT $13.95
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MC
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KIT $29.95
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VTVM .t232
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1060 KIT $38.95
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1350 Combinations!
IN HI -FI . - . STEREO and MONAURAL
New!
12-WATT
STEREO DUAL
AMPLIFIER -PREAMPLIFIER HF81
including cover:
KIT $69.95. WIRED $109.95
STEREO
60 -WATT
ULTRA LINEAR
DUAL PREAMPLIFIER HF85
KIT $39.95
WIRED $64.95
POWER AMPLIFIER HF60

ACRO TO -330 Output Xfmr
with
KIT $72.95
buy"
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"Packs
WILLIAMSON -TYPE
INTEGRATED AMPLIFIER HF12
KIT $34.95
WIRED $57.95
wallop" POP. ELECTRONICS
"First rate"- MODERN HI -FI
"excellent
- Marshall, AUDIOCRAFT.
MASTER CONTROL
PREAMPLIFIER HF65A:
KIT $29.95
WIRED $44.95
with power supply HF65:
KIT 33.95 WIRED $49.95 Superb
new design
.
new "low sil.
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FM TUNER
HFT90
KIT, less cover $39.95*

WIRED, less cover $65.95*
COVER. $3.95 *FET incl.
50 -WATT
ULTRA-LINEAR
aà1
KIT $69.95
AMPL FIERRHF52
WIRED $109.95
"Excellent value "-Hirsch -Houck Labs.
20 -WATT
ULTRA -LINEAR
WILLIAMSON -TYPE
INTEGRATED AMPLIFIER HF20
KIT $49.95
WIRED $79.95
2 -WAY
SPEAKER
SYSTEM HFS1
complete with
factory -built cabinet:
$39.95
STANDARD SPEAKER
SYSTEM HFS2:
Completely factory -built

$139.95 "would suggest
unusual suitability for
stereo
eminently
...
"Well- engineered"
musical"
"One of the best buys in high fidelity
-Holt, HIGH FIDELITY
AUDIOCRAFT Kit Report
Stocklin, RADIO TV NEWS
kits.
_ Compare, take them home -right "off the shelf"-f rom 1900 neigh Fine for Ster
borhood EICO dealers. Over 1 MILLION EICO inst ruments in use
MODERN HI FI
throughout the world.
"-
IN
42
STOCK
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
Ele ctrcir cs
in
Space
By
SIMON DRESNER
February, 1959
ELECTRONICS has the starring role in the dramatic

exploration of the last remaining frontier: outer space.
North American Aviation's X -15 rocket research plane,
scheduled to be launched this month, will carry a man for
a few minutes to the fringe of outer space and beyond.
Tremendously powerful rocket engines will push the X-15
to fantastic speeds in the near vacuum of space, but delicate microscopic electronic instruments will guide it
surely and deliberately on its journey.
Accurate navigation is all important in space flights,
and with a man aboard a rocket, no chances can be
taken. Inertial navigation, which was developed for our
big satellite- carrying rockets, will be the guiding hand
during the X -15's brief brush with space.
Inertial Navigation. The principle of inertial navigation is as old as Newton's laws of motion. Inertia is a
resistance to a change in direction of motion, a resistance
which can be measured and used to guide a rocket or ship.
It is independent of gravity, the earth's magnetism, or
radar. Inertial navigation was used to guide the "Nauti43
cONrAOt
III NEAP
VACUUM
lus" under the North Pole, and it is an incredibly accurate system.

Whether traveling through polar depths
or stellar space, inertial navigation is invulnerable to detection or jamming because it is completely self- contained. It
is independent of weather conditions or
time of day or night, it is free from altitude limitations, and it can be used anywhere in the world without referring to
the earth's magnetic field.
The X-15 will be launched from a B -52
"mother plane." Radar navigation devices
will compute its position until the exact moment of launch. From then on, it's on its
own and will navigate with a purely inertial
system -completely without outside aid. All
that has to be known is the geographic
location of the starting point
information
and destination
which is set into the equipment's computer memory before the plane leaves the
ground.
Space Speedometers. The
key to navigating inertially is
the use of accelerometers, or
"space speedometers." These work on the

principle of the pendulum. When the plane
is accelerated, the pendulum arm is displaced with respect to the plane.
The position of the arm can be measured
and used to record changes in velocity in
any direction, including upwards. This creates an effective altimeter for outer space.
Conventional barometric altimeters which
44
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
path of the
X -15 will carry it

into the near vacuum of
outer space. Three radar stations will
track the space -ship from the moment
it leaves the "mother" plane until it
lands at Edwards Air Force base.
'Flight
for
time
a
Wrist controls
which pilot will use

under severe acceleration are being
tested here. The supersonic ejection
seat has foot clamps, arm guards, and
stabilizing fins to prevent spin.
Sphere indicator tells pilot the angle of his plane

with respect to earth. A horizontal needle s.'rows
correct angle of attack to keep the plane -rom
burning up when re- entering the atmosphere.
February, 1959
work by air pressure would be useless in

the upper limits of the earth's atmosphere
and beyond.
Stable Platform. As the accelerometers must be independent of the turning
movements of the plane, they have to be
mounted on a "stable platform." The platform's stability is achieved by a set of three
gyroscopes and a gimbal suspension mounting. These serve to keep the platform in
the same spatial or angular relationship
to earth no matter what the heading or
angle of the aircraft.
The accelerometers mounted on the
X -15's "stable platform" will sense the acceleration of the plane in any direction, and
from this the altitude or angle of the plane,
its velocity, distance, and altitude can be
computed. The platform is a marvel of
45
electronics miniaturization, and carries its

own power supplies and amplifiers.
"Where Am I ?" That's the question
the pilot will be able to answer when his
inertial navigator gives him the facts. All
the data on velocity and altitude and direction coming from the stable platform and
its computers will be digested by another
lightweight computer which will interpret
Stable platform
is
critical part of inertial navigation

system. It always points in
same direction
in space.
Official
U. S. Navy
Photo
it and display it to the pilot, helping him to

stay on a prearranged flight path.
A newly designed three -axis indicator
will show the angle of the X-15 in relation
to the earth and will guide the pilot when
his faster- than-a- bullet craft exits and reenters the atmosphere.
Red Hot Plane. The X -15, which will
fly at a speed better than one mile a second,
will glow red like a blacksmith's forge as it
plunges back into the earth's atmosphere,

hitting a veritable "wall of air." The plane's
longitudinal axis must be perfectly aligned
with its direction of flight when it reenters
the earth's dense blanket of air. If the
plane enters the atmosphere too steeply, it
will burn up, or if it approaches the air
layer at too shallow an angle, it will "bounce
back" into space. To prevent this, the pilot
will have an "attitude sphere" in front of
him which will give him his angle of approach with regard to the earth in terms
of pitch, roll, and yaw. This instrument will
receive information from the inertial navigation system.
The "attitude sphere" will give the pilot
his precise psition visually-so that he can
use his human judgment and selection, and
46
command optional maneuvers. In effect,

the pilot is part of the guidance system -he
is designed into the navigational system as
an extremely accurate and super -intelligent
servo system.
Wrist Controls. Special controls will
permit the pilot to keep the X -15 on course
with wrist motion only, because his arms
will be pressed tightly into his seat by the
tremendous G forces to be encountered.
To keep the airplane pointing in the right
direction while it is soaring above the atmosphere, the pilot for the first time will
bring into use the small hydrogen peroxide
jets located in the nose and the wingtips.
Acting like jets of steam, they will turn the
plane in a direction opposite to their force,
so that the plane reenters the atmosphere
nose first.
Tracking by Radar. Ground tracking
stations must follow the flight of the plane,
keep in constant communication with it,
and receive telemetered information. Since
the plane's transmitter is constantly moving, the highly directive antennas have to
be kept pointing toward the moving plane.
To make sure that the antennas stay on
target, an automatic tracking facility is
built right into the antenna system.
An ingenious system keeps the plane's
signal centered right at the focus of the
parabolic antenna. If the signal goes off
center, electric impulses are sent to servo
motors which rotate the antenna back into
position. In addition, a computer follows
the movement of the antenna and computes
the whole orbit of the flight, adding its own
correction to the antenna motion. The computer also keeps the antenna tracking for
about twenty minutes after the signal fades.
Usually several radar antennas are scattered over the length of the tracking range.
When one antenna finds the plane, it signals
the other antennas so that they can also
find the correct position, even though their
signal may be too weak, or the plane over
the horizon. The radio signals from all the
antennas are combined so that if one antenna loses the signal, another is still receiving it and relays it to the control and
communications center. In this way the
plane's position is always known, and telemetering signals, communications signals
come through without interruption.
As the X -15 soars into space, a thousand
and one electronic instruments-radios,
computers, gyros, radar -will be watching,
along with many anxious eyes.
--
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
INSIDEthe
PR EA MRL FIER
Part
Preamplification
Joseph Marshall is one of the handful

of writers who qualify for the title of hi -fi
expert. He has contributed hundreds of
articles on high fidelity to almost every
periodical in the field and is the author
of the book "Maintaining High Fidelity
Equipment." It is with great pleasure

that POPULAR ELECTRONICS welcomes
Mr. Marshall to these pages.
The first of Mr. Marshall's series, "Inside the Preamplifier," will be divided
into four parts: Preamplification, Equalization, Tone and Loudness Controls, and
Stereo Preamplifiers. This will be followed by a two -part article on power amplifiers, and, eventually, the entire range
of audio equipment will be covered.
February, 1959
THE PURPOSE of high fidelity is to deliver to the listener the most faithful
possible reproduction of the original sound.
But it is not possible to maintain throughout the process of reproduction the exact
balance of the original sound. The sound is
modified to some degree at almost every
point in the long chain between the pickup
by the microphone in the auditorium or
studio and its delivery to the ear of the
listener by the loudspeakers in his living
room.
Some of these modifications are due to
imperfections in even the best hi -fi equipment, others are deliberately introduced for
various technical reasons, and still others
are accounted for by variations in the listening conditions.
Sound Modifying Factors. For example, it is not possible to record sound
onto tape or disc in its original frequency
47
balance. It is necessary to cut down the

level of the low notes and to boost up the
level of the high notes. To restore the
original balance, the playback equipment
has to reverse this process -boost the lows
and attenuate the highs. To do the job perfectly, the playback response must be exactly the reverse of the recording response.
A second factor to be considered is room
acoustics. The acoustics of the room in
which the sound is reproduced are by no
means the same as those of the auditorium
or studio in which the sound was originally
produced. Every room has different acoustic properties which tend to modify the
balance and quality of the reproduced
sound. Even the largest living room cannot
reproduce the acoustics of an auditorium;
but certain compensations can be made to
produce a sound that is satisfyingly close
to the original.
Another sound- modifying factor is the
problem of loudness levels. Very few people
can play back a recording of a symphony
orchestra at its original level. The volume
level is usually reduced to one -tenth or
even one one -hundredth of the original volume to be tolerable in the typical living
room. But the frequency response of the
human ear changes as the volume of the
incoming sound is changed. At very loud
levels the response of the average ear is
reasonably flat. But at low levels the ear
is less sensitive to the high notes, and far
less sensitive to the very low notes. Therefore, if we want to hear in our living rooms,
at living room volumes, an approximation
of the balance that existed in the auditorium, we must somehow or other make a
correction for this effect.
Finally, human ears are not all the same,
either in shape -or in sensitivity. Every
individual's ear responds differently, particularly as the loudness level is changed.
But recordings or radio programs are balanced for the ear of the engineer in charge,
or for what he believes to be an average
ear. Not every listener will find this balance suitable and there should be some
means of modifying the reproduced sound
to suit individual tastes.
Clearly then, to deliver a reasonable facsimile of the original sound, a high -fidelity
system must provide means of correcting
for these various factors. This is the most
important function of the control unit, or
preamplifier. It may be an entirely separate and independent unit or it may be "in48
tegrated" with the amplifier. In either event,

the preamplifier is one of the most critically important sections of a hi -fi system.
Preamp Functions. No other portion
of a hi -fi system does as many jobs as the
preamplifier /control unit. First, it must provide preamplification of the very weak signals provided by certain program sources.
Secondly, it must equalize the signal delivered by the signal sources, i.e., it must
restore the natural balance that was deliberately modified in the process of recording
or transmission. Third, it provides a means
of choosing between the several available
sources of program material such as disc
recordings, tape recordings, radio, etc.

Fourth, it provides a means of correcting,
through tone compensation or tone control,
for the imperfections of the equipment, the
acoustics of the listening room, the variations in human hearing, and differences in
individual taste. Fifth, it controls the volume or loudness of the reproduction. Sixth,
since, as we mentioned before, the response
of the human ear varies as the loudness is
varied, the control unit usually provides
loudness compensation to correct for this
curious effect.
In addition to those primary functions,
the preamplifier may also provide means of
minimizing record rumble or scratch, for
feeding or monitoring a tape recorder, and/
or other special features.
Let us look inside the preamplifier and
see how it performs these functions.
Preamplification. Ceramic or crystal
phono pickups can deliver as much as several volts and thus require little or no
preamplification. The output of magnetic
pickups, on the other hand, runs from as
little as one millivolt to as much as 50 millivolts. Thus, they require preamplification
of as much as 1000 times. Even more gain
than this is needed because the process of
equalization involves additional loss of 20 db
or more, and this must be compensated for
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Knight -Kit
Grommes 2128
by higher amplification. Therefore the overall amplification needed ranges from 200
times in the case of the highest- output magnetic pickups to 10,000 times in the case of
the low- output models. Inasmuch as the
manufacturer of the preamplifier does not
know which pickup the purchaser will use,
he must provide enough gain to take care
of all possibilities.
At least two stages of amplification are
needed to provide an amplification of 10,000.
In most preamps the two sections of a 12AX7 triode are used
in cascade (Fig. 1). Depending
on the circuitry, the 12AX7 can
provide a total gain of between
1500 and 3500 before feedback
and equalization. This is not
quite enough for the less sensitive pickups. However, additional gain can be provided by
the following portions of the
Eico HF-65
Heathkit
w-i
rE2JTPUT
preamp and this arrangement

serves the average application
nicely.
In some preamps, a pentode
and a triode, or two pentodes,
are utilized to achieve gains between 4000 and 10,000. The Dynakit preamp is a special case in
that it uses only the two triodes
of a 12AX7 but achieves gain approaching
that of two pentodes through the use of a
positive feedback loop (Fig. 1). The negative loop provides the equalization and the
positive loop increases gain to make up for
most of the equalization loss.

Hum and Noise. The problem of achieving high amplification is complicated by
hum and noise. To be completely inaudible,
the total noise should be at least 60 db below (or 1 /1000th of) the program or signal
level. This means that for an average magnetic cartridge with an output of 10 millivolts, the total noise at the preamp's input
should be less than 10 microvolts.
February, 1959
SP-1
8+
8+
POSITIVE FEEDBACK
RESISTOR
NEGATIVE
FEEDBACK
NETWORK
Fig. 1. Circuit diagram of preamplifier with

cascaded triode amplifier. The paths of the
feedback loops are indicated here in color.
For the least sensitive magnetic pickups,

whose output may be as low as 1 millivolt,
the noise would have to be no more than
1 microvolt. It is almost impossible to keep
the noise level down to this latter level
although a few preamps do manage it by
using special tubes and circuitry. To reduce
hum to the minimum, the best preamps use
d.c. to heat the filaments of the preamplifier tubes.
Preamps that do not provide d.c. filament
49
By WILLIAM I. ORR, W6SAI
HUNT FOR DX
AT NIGHT...
With Your Broadcast Receiver
RECEPTION of broadcast signals from far distant points is possible during the dark hours if you have a sensitive receiver and a good antenna.
A "communications" type receiver or a broadcast set having a radio amplifier stage (easily identified by the three -section tuning capacitor) attached
to a 100' wire will "pull in" broadcast stations from across the oceans after
your local broadcast stations have "gone to bed."
The European broadcast band (520 -1602 kc.) occupies approximately the
same range as the American broadcast band. Because of the large number
of stations in various countries occupying this portion of the radio spectrum,
the broadcast channels are spaced 9 kc. apart, instead of 10 kc., as is
customary in the Americas. Thus, the European channels run 539, 548, 557,
566, 575, 584 kc.... up to the highest channel of 1602 kc. In addition, a number of stations occupy "split channel" frequencies, such as Radio Moscow on
691 kc. (the nearest channel is 692 kc.), and Radio Cyprus on 635 kc. (the
nearest channel is 638 kc.)
Not limited to the United States maximum power level of 50 kw., many
European stations run powers as high as 100 to 250 kw. These giants can
be heard along the eastern seaboard of the United States and Canada, and
on nights of good reception may be heard in western states. Best reception
time is from
i,:ii1iiiii11.i.rrw
.
midnight EST oi . ri11,iui11iiiiii.riiiii.w....ii .r
FREQUENCY POWER
to sunrise durSTATION
LOCATION
i
1111i1.1111iiiiii
1111111.
1. 111111111111111,111111,,,,,,1,,,,
.u111111111o.11111111.,_
(kc.)
ing the cool
winter and
spring months.
Your "best
bets" are listed

at right. Sta-
tions marked
with an asterisk
carry the Armed Forces programs in English.
3U
Munich*
Radio Riga
Lyon
#1
British Broadcasting Corp.

Radio Lisbon #1
Radio Poznan
Deutschlandssender
Radio Roma #2
Frankfurt*
-Radio Brussels
Radio Berlin
Hilversum #2
1
Dresden Radio
British Broadcasting Corp.

Voice of America
Radio Tangier
Stavanger Radio
Radio Moscow
Radio Luxembourg
Radio Vatican
50
Munich, Germany
Riga, Latvian S.S.R.
Lyon, France
Daventry, England
Lisbon, Portugal
Poznan, Poland
Germany
Rome, Italy
Frankfurt, Germany
Brussels, Belgium
Berlin, Germany
Hilversum, Holland
Dresden, Germany
Droithwich, England
Munich, Germany
Tangier, Morocco
Stavanger, Norway
Kaunas, Lithuanian S.S.R.
Luxembourg
Vatican City, Italy
548
575
602
647
665
737
782
845
872
926
989
1007
1043
1088
1196
1232
1313
1385
1439
1529
(kw.)
100
300
100
100
135
300
300
150
150
150
300
120
240
150
150
150
100
250
400
100
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
By
ART TRAUFFER
Transformerless
Transistor
Amplifier
FOR QI SOCKET
HERE is a low -power amplifier with good

fidelity. Used with your AM -FM tuner,
it will drive a 12" extended -range speaker
to a good volume. At a cost of about $8.50
for materials, you get an undistorted power
output of about 200 mw. with excellent frequency response ( 2 db from 12 to 12,000
cps)
The unit is compact and easily built.
Follow the schematic on page 52. The two
transistor stages are direct -coupled and the
power transistor drives the speaker without the need of an output transformer.
An efficient 16-ohm or 8 -ohm speaker is
recommended, but a 4 -ohm speaker will
give satisfactory results. The 560 -ohm resistor, R6, across the speaker protects the
transistors if the speaker is disconnected
when the amplifier is on.
FOR MOUNTING Q2
FOR
J2
AND J3
FOR
RI.
February, 1959
43/4 BY 23/4
/2" ALUMINUM
CAKE PAN.
BY
FOR SI
1 A small toy aluminum pan is used as
1
the chassis. The holes can be cut to
size with a pen knife and a few small files.
51
THIN MICA OR FIBER

LARGER
THAN 02
CUT SLIGHTLY
METAL CHASSIS
02
Prior fo mounting power transistor Q2, cement two 1/2" fiber washers to the chassis as shown.
If done correctly, the mounting screws and lugs of Q2 will
be insulated from chassis ground.
/S= SCR
%DIA. ROLE
Lik
111111111111111111111.1110
.111M.
5/32 NUT
111411110
telKe
M$ DIA. ROLE
SOLDER LUG
I/Z DIA. INSULATING

RASHER
RASE G EMITTER LUGS
CI
MINIATURE TUBE
SOCKET FOR Q2
RI
JI
Use a 7-pin or 9 -pin sock-
3 et to connect
to prongs
on Q2. Do not solder directly to prongs. After soldering all components and wires
in place, check for accuracy.
02
QI
R3
SOLDER
THESE TWO
LUGS
TOGETHER.
CI- 15 -1dd.,
itor
25 -volt
miniature electrolytic capac-
Il -Phono jack
12, J3- Insulated phone tip jack
QI-Transistor (RCA 2N217)
Q2-Power transistor (RCA 2N301)
RI -5,000 -ohm miniature volume control
R2-39,000 ohms
R3 -6800 ohms
All resistors 1/2 -watt
R4 -240 ohms
composition, 10%, unless
R5 -0.82 ohm
otherwise indicated
R6 -560 ohms
SI-S.p.s.t. slide or toggle switch
1- Transistor socket
1 -7 -pin or 9 -pin tube socket
1 -Acme battery holder, No. 6
2- /2"-o.d. fiber insulating washers
1-One -lug terminal strip
1 -43/ax23/ax11/2" aluminum cake pan
.13
J2
NEGATIVE
BATTERY
TERMINAL
PARTS LIST
BI-Two size "AA" penlight cells
REMOVE LUG AND REPLACE

WITH 6 -32 FLAT-HEAD
SCREW AND NUT. (THIS
CONNECTS BATTERY " PLUS"
TO CHASSIS).
Rear view of completed chassis. Insulated phone tip jacks

are used for J2 and J3. The battery holder terminals are connected so the two cells are in series
with the positive end grounded.
J2
AUDIO
INPUT
J3
eRPM
SPKR
Check your wiring with the

schematic of the amplifier. If
the tuner has a volume control,
set RI fully clockwise for maximum gain. Connect a good quality 8 -ohm speaker to J2 and J3.
52
6.8K
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Test
Instruments
Part
THE VOLT -OHM -MILLIAMMETER
-A.C.,
Current and Ohmmeter Ranges
LAST MONTH we covered the d.c. voltage ranges of the standard VOM and
worked out some of the basic answers to
questions of multiple ranges and the meaning of "sensitivity." This month we'll continue digging into the multimeter's innards,
check out the theory of the other functions,
and see what they do and how they do it.
A.C. Voltage Ranges. Since the mode
of operation of the a.c. section of the VOM
is similar to that of the d.c. section (except
for the necessary addition of a rectifier),
we won't spend too much time on it. The
rectifiers found in most VOM's are about
the size of a transistor and have the same
general appearance. The rectifier's function
is to provide a direct current proportional
February, 1959
By LARRY KLEIN
TecEfnical Editor
53
Several different types of

instrument rectifiers.
Note
sire in comparison with dime.
RECT.
RI SERIES
4
R
R2
SHUNT
R3
Rectifier is placed immediately adjacent to fhe two calibration pots in typical VOM.
Fig. 4. Typical a.c. voltage measurement circuit of a standard VOM.

54
to the alternating current fed to it. You'll

find the rectifier, usually a copper oxide
type, connected between the voltage multiplier resistors and the meter movement.
See Fig. 4. (Figures 1, 2, and 3 appeared in
the January issue.)
Until recently, the a.c. sensitivity of most
VOM's was rated at 1000 ohms/volt even
if the d.c. scale of the same VOM was at
20,000 ohms /volt. Rectifier inadequacies
were mainly responsible for this relatively
low sensitivity. The problem is that with a
low current flow (50 pa. or less) the rectifiers tend to be nonlinear.
The linearity problem shows up mostly at
the bottom end of the meter scale -where
the division markings tend to become
crowded. An "easy" solution to low-end
crowding is to shunt the meter movement
with a resistor (R,.,,,,,) of about 200 -400
ohms and thus pull more current through
the rectifier. In practice this works out
well, except that the shunting resistor effectively lowers the resistance and sensitivity of the meter movement down to about
the 1000- ohms /volt level.
Improvements in materials and design of
the rectifier have enabled instrument manufacturers to get by with a higher value of
R,AUn, with a resulting increase in a.c. sensitivity. As with the d.c. range, the higher
the sensitivity, the better.

R.Aun, is usually made variable and is
used for exact calibration of the higher a.c.
ranges. R,.,,,,/R1 (actually the resistor
sets the first voltage range) compensates
for small differences in the forward resistance characteristic of the rectifier and in
practice calibrates the lowest a.c. range.
The Ohmmeter. Probably the most
often used circuit of your VOM, the ohmmeter circuit is also perhaps the least unPOPULAR ELECTRONICS
derstood. Although powered by one or more

self- contained batteries, you will see that
the ''ohms" circuit makes use of the same
principles discussed above.
There are two basic ohmmeter circuits,
the series and the shunt type. In the series
type (Fig. 5), potentiometer Radi is "zeroed"
that, with the input terminals shorted

together, the meter needle swings to full
scale and indicates "0" ohms. The total circuit resistance (R.di, Ri.i and the internal
resistance of the battery) then is equal to
the battery voltage divided by the full-scale
current of the meter movement. Now, if a
resistor to be measured (R.) is placed
so
Four penlight cells and a flashlight

cell make up the battery complement
for powering the ohmmeter scale.
RADJ
Fig. 5. Series -type ohmmeter circuit.
across the test terminals, the current

through the meter will decrease.
Suppose R. is equal to the original total
circuit resistance. The new total resistance
is doubled and therefore the current, according to Ohm's law, is reduced by one half. If the additional resistance is twice
the original total, the current is one-fourth
of full scale, etc. Thus, it can be seen how
the scale of the current meter can be calibrated to indicate directly in ohms while it
is actually reading the difference in current
flow caused by a change in series resistance.
A 50-a. meter movement (compared to a
1 -ma. movement) will pay off in the "ohms"
circuit by enabling a given battery voltage
to achieve a higher ohmmeter range. A
standard 20,000- ohms /volt meter obtains a
reading of higher than 10 megohms with
a battery supply of 7.5 volts.
Shunt Circuits. The shunt type ohmmeter uses the circuit shown in Fig. 6. R.di
is zeroed at full -scale meter deflection with
the meter leads not shorted. When an external resistance (Rs) is connected in parallel with the meter, the current through
the meter decreases. The smaller R. happens to be, the more current will flow
February, 1959
Fig. 6.
Shunt -type ohmmeter circuit.
through it and the less through the meter.

Most service instruments use a series type circuit for all ohmmeter ranges since
the series circuit has the advantage that
current flows only when a measurement is
being made. The shunt circuit enables low
resistance measurements to be made more
accurately, but it will run down the ohmmeter battery if left in the "on" position.
See Fig. 7 for a comparison of the two scale
calibrations as found on a VOM which uses
both types of circuits.
Both Figs. 5 and 6 show basic ohmmeter
circuits but you should not expect to meet
the exact equivalent in your particular instrument. In actual practice, ohmmeter
circuits are much more complicated because
provisions are made for switching in additional batteries and series/shunt resistors to
enable several ranges of measurement. The
average VOM is likely to have two or more
55
O NMS
w
.o+
00
50
2"
ey00
20
150
OO
40
4'
,il
'po
5
<O
Fig. 7. Comparison of series- and

shunt -type ohmmeter scales. LO is
the shunt scale, H1 the series scale.
ohmmeter ranges and five or six 1.5 -volt dry

cells connected in series to supply the re-
quired voltages.
Current Ranges. The last major VOM
function we'll discuss is current measurement. Although the current ranges are
probably the least -used VOM feature, they
are useful in the hands of the experienced
trouble- shooter and are vital to transistor
circuit experimentation and design.
As we found before, the basic meter movement of the VOM is usually either of 50 -pa.
RNT
- -'rte
R SHUNT
CURRENT FLOW
Fig. 8.
flow
in
The arrows
a
indicate current
shunted meter movement.
Fig. 9. Type of Ring circuit used in

current ranges of most modern
VOM's. Specific values shown are
found in the Heathkit VOM Model
MM -I.
RI
3K
R2
2484R
R3
1511
R4
RS
1.1711
R6
.4e311
.016711
150
M4
5001.14
I
I
1sOy4
15
AMP
or 1-ma. sensitivity. Simply shunting the

meter movement with the appropriate resistance will reduce the amount of current
flowing in the meter movement circuit. (See
Fig. 8.) The exact ratio of the current division that takes place is determined by the
ratio of Ri,,, to R,4,,,,,. If Rshu,,, equals R,,,,,
56
the current required to produce full -scale

needle deflection will be exactly doubled.
Remember that in our investigation of
the shunt -type ohmmeter very much the
same sort of action was discovered -except
that the current was supplied by dry cells
and the shunting resistance was furnished
by the resistor (R.) being measured. In
practice, the comparison can't be carried
too far, however, because of the use of a
"ring- type" circuit (Fig. 9) in most VOM's.
In the ring -type system, the shunt resistors are all connected in series across
the meter movement. The range switch position determines which of the resistors are
in series and which are in shunt, as far as
the input current is concerned. The resistances needed for each current range are
calculated in the same way as in the simple
shunt circuit except that the resistance in
series with the meter has to be taken into
account. For example, in Fig. 9, R4, R5,
and R6 are shunting the resistance presented by Rl, R2, R3 and the internal resistance of the meter movement (RUHE).
At this point, one may ask -why go to
the complication of the ring circuit when
switching two or three shunting resistors
would do just as well? It is true that theoretically a simple shunt circuit would do
as well, but, practically, certain problems
would arise. For when dealing with shunt
resistors of less than 1 ohm, switch contact
resistance becomes important. You can see
how .0001 ohms contact resistance could
cause a large error if the shunt resistor itself was only .001 ohms. The ring circuit
avoids this problem by enabling a higher
value shunt resistor to be used for a given
meter movement sensitivity.
You'll notice there is a special 15 -amp
jack leading to the junction of R5 and R6
(Fig. 9). This jack serves a dual function in that it eliminates two problems:
(1) high currents in switch contacts (they
could actually melt with 15 amps through
them); and (2) switch contact resistance,
which would be quite significant because
of the low value of R6 (.0167 ohms).
That about covers the basic functions of
the VOM. Some meters you'll come across
might have extra switch positions or scales,
and when in doubt as to what a meter will
do, your best bet is to write to the manufacturer for details.
Next month we'll get down to practical
matters and use the VOM to trouble -shoot
a standard a.c. /d.c. radio.
30 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
SIGHT
THROUGH
SOUND
YOU READ these words, imagine that

an electronic scanner is reading them
too. Further imagine that you are wearing
earphones, and that at the same time you
see the words, you hear the words through
the earphones. Impossible? At the moment
-yes-electronics can't quite manage this
trick yet. But recent tests of a new "aural
AS
reading machine" indicate that perhaps

someday we will have a machine that can
"read" any printed page aloud.
Think of what this would mean to the
thousands of blind people who can read
only those books that are written in Braille.
They could have a choice of the countless
works of fiction that do not appear in
Braille editions. They could have at their
service the many books on technical subjects that have never been translated into
Braille. They could sit down at night and
read the evening newspaper. The opporFebruary, 1959
Electronics opens a
window
for the blind

erything
tunity to read anything
ow on the
would truly open a ne
world for the blind.
Ines" under
The "aural reading
ad words
development at present ca
y the use
yet, but they can read Ce
of photocells that "look''.Tetters, then
57
NAND-HELD READING
PROBE
14 CONDUCTOR
MAIN CIRCUIT CHASSIS, CONTROLS,

POWER UNIT, IN CARRYING CASE
year. Each student

in the participating
group received about
18 hours of instruction on the device,
following 48 hours
of preliminary training in interpreting
EARPHONES
FLEXIBLE CABLE
TYPE SIZE
ADJ
((111
LAMP
LENS
amp
i
Pu oTOCELL
ARRAY
LAMP
ROLLERS
li
Il
ll
Il
-II
AVUITCHING
TRANSISTORS
TO KEY
04000 CPS
r%
MIXER
3177
2523
200
1592
AMPLIFIER
1267
the tape- recorded
1005
CONTROLS
798
LAMP
4VOl SUPPLY
634
OFFo
RIAEDSTAT
504
400
CP5
TRANSISTOR
OSCILLATORS
PLUG -IN
POWER PACK
110V AC OR
BATTERY
OSCILLATORS
1,,111,,
HOW IT WORKS
11
1,,,,,,,,
1,,,,,,,,,
1,,,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,, 1,
1
The Battelle reading machine's reading probe is positioned over a line of print
by means of rollers, which also serve to move the probe along the lines
of print.
The probe contains lamps to illuminate the print and a lens to focus the images
of the letters on an array of photocells, each of which "sees" a portion of the
space which a letter might cover. Probe can be adjusted for use with different
sizes
of type.
Each photocell is connected to its own oscillator (each with a specific frequency)
which is turned on whenever the photocell "sees" black. The lowest frequency
is produced by the oscillator whose photocell "sees" the bottom
of the letter "g."
The highest tone represents the top of the letter "h."
Frequencies produced by the different oscillators are combined in the mixer.
The output of the mixer is then fed to an amplifier which drives a set of
earphones. A trained listener can identify each letter by its characteristic tone.
sounds of the machine.

The material read
for practice consisted primarily of letters, words, and sentences typed on flat
sheets of white paper, using an IBM
electric elite typewriter. Toward the
end of the period,
the more proficient
subjects were given
to read
which contained
a book
simple stories. Little

difficulty was encountered in making
111
the transfer
trigger oscillator circuits that produce typewriter print to book print, and in from
trackmusical tones which represent the different ing from a flat surface to the
curved surletters of the alphabet. One such device, face of a book.
designed for the Veterans Administration
Reactions of the subjects to the electronby the Battelle Memorial Institute of
ic reader were mostly favorable, although
Columbus, Ohio, is now being tested and there were also some unfavorable
evaluated. The Battelle electronic reader On the favorable side were the reactions.
convenience
should enable trained readers to attain of the small size and portability
the inreading speeds from 15 to 30 words per strument, the ease with which of
the parts
minute.
could be packed into the carrying case, the
The Battelle- designed electronic reader light weight of the headset, and the basic
physically is roughly the size and shape simplicity of the principle of operation. Unof a portable radio. Weighing about nine
favorable reactions arose from the tangling
pounds and housed in a wooden case meas- of the headset cords, the presence of conuring about 7" x 9" x 8 ", it has knobs for tinuous tones in the output caused by occavolume, light intensity, and the electric sional malfunctioning of the prototypes,
power switch. There are three essential the difficulty encountered with letters that
parts
small instrument called a probe sound alike, and the difficulty of tracking.
which is held in the hand and moved over Most of the subjects felt that the last two
the printed material to be read, a chassis objections could be eliminated with addicontaining transistorized oscillators and tional practice and training.
amplifier, and earphones through which the
Only five prototype models of the elecuser listens.
tronic reader have been made, and further
Training Group. Blind subjects, chiefly development of both the device and trainstudents and faculty from the Ohio State ing methods will be required before quanSchool for the Blind at Columbus, which is
tity production is advisable. If further
participating in testing the Battelle reader, development justifies it, the VA hopes to
have been trained to interpret the sounds furnish these readers to blinded veterans
of the Battelle machine during the past within the next few years.
30
-a
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Short -Wave
Listeners' Guide
English language short -wave stations from distant
lands can take you on an armchair trip around the
world. Just tune your short -wave receiver to the stations listed here-you'll find that they come in loud
and clear almost anywhere in North America.
HIS is not intended to be a complete listing of every

such a list
frestations,
of
hundreds
would necessarily encompass
quencies and schedules which have never been heard in
North America. The purpose of this list, which begins
on the next page, is to indicate which of the many
broadcasts emanating from the various countries of the
world are most readily monitored and reported by listeners in the United States and Canada.
Because of the technical nature of short -wave broadcasting, many of the frequencies and schedules contained
herein are subject to change by the originating stations
at any time. These schedules are the latest ones available and were in effect, to the best of our knowledge,
at the time we went to press.
The letter "v" after a frequency indicates that the
frequency may vary slightly from the one listed. When
a station is listed as operating within an "mc. band"
rather than on a specific frequency, this means that the
station has available several frequencies in that band
and may use any or all during a broadcast, depending
upon the conditions at the time of the transmission.
All stations operate daily, except where indicated.
If you hear these stations and care to write to them
for complete program schedules or verifications, you
should address your letter as follows: name of station,
city and country in which it is located. In requesting a
verification, be sure to include complete programming
information such as: time the station was heard, type
of receiver used, the antenna used, and any other data
which you feel may be of interest.
This list was compiled in Eastern Standard Time
(EST) because it makes log- keeping easier for listeners
in the United States. Our thanks go to the Engineering
Services, International Service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation for their cooperation.
1 English language short -wave broadcast, as
Compiled by TOM KNEITEL
February, 1959
59
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63
By I. C. CHAPEL
O,
Transistor Microphone
Preamplifier
problem: how to get more gain from

microphone pickup which has
only a single shielded wire connecting it
to the basic amplifier. The answer: connect a one-transistor amplifier as shown
between the remote pickup and the basic
amplifier. The only modification necessary
to the input circuit of the amplifier is the
addition of an input capacitor, a 6 -volt
battery, and a 100,000 -ohm resistor.
The center wire of the mike cable carries
both the signal to the amplifier and the
power to the transistor, with the shield of
the wire being used for the positive lead
THE
a remote
CK727
--
100K
TUBE
SHIELD
B
NAMIC
MICRDYOPHONE
L____
* OMIT
SV
_J
FOR USE WITH CRYSTAL MICROPHONE
Preamplifier assembly
is enclosed in
line. The battery, 100,000 -ohm
resistor and 0.5 -pfd. capacitor are installed in the amplifier. An on -off switch
should be installed in the battery circuit.
dotted
and ground. The collector load resistor has

a higher value than would be necessary if it
were connected directly to the transistor;
however, this higher value has an advantage
since it permits a lower current to be
passed through the cable.
Assembly of the mike preamplifier is
64
shown clearly in the photo. The phono plug

is soldered to a thin metal washer and two
3" threaded spacer rods are secured to the
washer using the same spacing as the
mounting holes in the phono jack. A free
space about 1%" long remains between the
input jack and the plug, which allows sufficient room to mount the three components
of the preamplifier.
The capacitor and resistor in the preamp

unit are soldered together and their junction connected to the base lead of the transistor. Solder the other end of the capacitor
to the hot terminal of the jack. The free
end of the resistor is soldered to the shield

terminal of the phono plug.
Solder the collector lead of the transistor
to the center of the plug and the emitter to
the outer terminal of the plug. The shield
can is 'grounded' by screwing it down to
the threaded ends on the jack side. Two
notches cut out of the shield will enable a
close fit. Be sure that the 'base to capacitor' connection and the 'collector' terminals
of the transistor do not short to ground.
After the modification to the basic amplifier, the unit is ready to plug in. Make
certain that the negative supply is on the
center wire of the shielded cable and that
the outer shielded braid is positive. Then
connect the preamplifier to the microphone
and cable. After the volume and quality of
the signal coming from the pickup microphone have been noted, adjust the value
of the 100,000 -ohm resistor for optimum
results.
-S0
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Semiconductor Space
16_, O0Q,Mi
,
'
L 'X
J
ace''' SpanSINCE the "Semicondu

fed in
ner" transistor transmitter
1Lt
POPULAR ELECTRONICS (August '58), t
thor established a record of 16,060 miles./
with a power input of 90 milliwatts. In the
week following this contact, all the continents of the world were contacted and reports ranging from RST 449 to 569 were
obtained.
The distance record and DX contacts
were established on the 20 -meter c.w. band.
Although the original article described coils
for the 10 -and 15 -meter band, it is possible
to use the rig on 20 meters with a few By DON STONER
simple modifications.
W6TNS
The changes consist of padding the 15-
meter coils with 30 -pfd. disc. ceramic ca-
C.
,..
a.
os
2740
TYaTTy.00....
Modified
KEY
e7a-sz
CUR,
410--
pacitors. These capacitors can be soldered

permanently into the circuit, or placed inside the coil forms of an extra set of 15meter coils. If the capacitors are to be
placed in the coil forms, solder them in
between pins 1 and 2. It's a bit of a trick to
get the wires into the pins and still keep
the coil tight, but it can be done.
To increase the loading on 20 meters,
short out capacitor C7. There will be no
control of loading on the 20 -meter band,
but with a 52- or 72 -ohm dipole, the final
will draw approximately 6 ma. in the bottom of the collector current dip. Thus,
20 -meter power input will equal 90 mw.
February, 1959
sche-
matic of the SSS

unit for conversion to the 20meter band. See
original article
complete construction details.

For
Fundamental frequency crystals on 14

mc. work very nicely in this circuit. If you
have a stock of war surplus 4700 -kc. crystals, these will be satisfactory also. The
Semiconductor Space Spanner will work
on any band with crystals that are one -
third the desired oscillator frequency. Thus,

a 4700 -kc. crystal will oscillate in the SSS
circuit at approximately 14.1 mc., a 7000 kc. crystal will oscillate at 21 mc., etc.
An increase in efficiency of the oscillator
circuit can be had by replacing the 2N371
transistor with a 2N247. The 2N247 seems
to produce about the same amount of drive
while drawing less power.
-CI65
By CARL KOHLER
effect. "And I care not that," I snapped my

fingers for effect, "for city regulations! A
guided missile is not fireworks, no matter
how far one stretches the concept."
She glanced at the not -yet -installed
radio -control equipment still laid out upon
the bench. If there's anything in the way of
electronic equipment my wife can recognize, it's R/C components.
"Oh, no!" she softly moaned.
"Heh-heh -heh!" I said, chuckling merrily.
"I can't fool you, can I!"
"Every time you've built anything that's
been R/C -run, we've had nothing but near
tragedy!" she wailed. "When I think that
you're actually planning to combine that
awful -looking
"All us genius -type engineers have a mild
history of trial and error behind us," I said
confidently. "It makes for nice contrast
when the triumphs start popping up," I did
a brief waltz -clog in one spot.
or, I
should say, when the triumphs begin shooting up!"
"B -But why a guided missile ?"
"Not all the important innovations or improvements have come out of government
laboratories," I said quietly. "In fact, the
scientific history of our glorious land is
rooted in many, many electrical and electronic advancements which have sprung
from homespun workshops, as it were -unsung notions first painstakingly studied and
worked up in the unglamorous basements
and backyard labs of modest men of genius
similar to-heh -heh- myself!"
I teetered back and forth on my heels
for effect.
"You once told me your R/C transmitter
wouldn't send a signal for more than two
miles." She turned a face pinched with
anxiety to me. "Assuming that nothing
goes wrong with the controls this time, how
are you going to manage this thing after
it goes beyond the two miles ?"
"Ah, that's a good question. And I have
a good answer for it," I assured her. "First,
-"
THE ONLY TROUBLE with my gorgeous, intelligent wife is that she has
unwittingly fallen victim to this Togetherness nonsense. If she had been busying herself with cooking, cleaning up the house,
or any one of the half- hundred jolly little
labors of love that marriage provides instead of coming poking around my work shack, she wouldn't have had anything to
be worried about.
"Holy Toledo!" she gasped, running a
distraught hand through her thick tresses,
"now what are you building ?"
"Chores all done ?" I asked evenly.
"Why, that looks like a rocket!" she
peered wonderingly at my latest project
the Kohler Komet. "Yes, sir, that's exactly what it looks like! One of those . .
guided thingamuhjigs!"
uh
"Leaves all raked? Hearth -fire laid ?" I
inquired firmly. "We like to run a tight
house around here, don't we, dear ?"
She swung a pair of nervous eyes on me.
"You're building a guided whatchmuhcallit!" she yelped, accusingly. "You know
what the city regulations say about fireworks, yet you're calmly sitting in your
little workshack building a guided whosis!"
"Missile," I said, grinning boyishly for
...
66
"...
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
I keep the missile in a orbital course inside

two miles after blast -off. Secondly, it will
only carry enough fuel for a four -minute
flight -so I hardly think it could go very
far even if something should
"And how do we pay for the house it
smashes when it comes crashing back to
earth ?"
I tapped a small, ingeniously designed
-"
device.
"The moment the fuel cuts out, this relay system activates another device which
releases a large parachute." I smiled somewhat snidely. "The large parachute then
slowly, easily floats the missile back down
...
gently
gently .. . gently!"
"What if the large parachute fails to
open ?"
"We go on the lam, honey bun,"
I said
harshly.
She favored me with a long, penetrating
stare. "And to think I wouldn't marry Jas per Flugleman because he was nuts about
speedcar racing!"
When she went out, she slammed the
door.
AWEEK LATER, I brought the car to a

halt on the desolate sands of the Bonneville Flats. There was nothing but empty
distance in all directions for quite a spell.
Rubbing my hands in anticipation, I removed the Kohler Komet from the trunk
and began assembling the dismantled
sections.
"I'm willing to bet -right here and now
February, 1959
-that
thing manages to hit something!"

declared the wife gloomily.
"Absurd!" I chortled. "Look around.
Nothing but sand flats. Nothing but barren ground. Nothing but nothing!"
"I can wait," she admitted.
After setting the Komet on its launching
platform a decently safe distance from my
car, I hooked up the electrical firing system I'd cleverly designed. Then, viewing
the slender waiting missile with great satisfaction, I picked up the R/C transmitter
and rejoined the wife.
"I've set the firing device," I said, glanc-
ing at my watch. "It should go off within

twenty seconds. Brace yourself. I imagine
that special liquid fuel I mixed will create
quite a blast."
"Here comes a car," she said evenly. "It
looks like a police car. It is a police car.
Better put out the fuse on the rocket,
darling."
I glanced at my watch.
"Not enough time! It's due to let go any
second now! I wouldn't have enough time
even to-"
Suddenly, the Komet blasted off. The air
was filled with thunder, the earth trembled
and pitched underfoot. Thrown off balance,
I landed smack -dab on top of the transmitter. I could feel the delicate components
inside tinking to smithereens.
For a couple of minutes we -the wife,
the two police officers and myself-stared
up into the sky, watching the Komet climb (Continued on page 117)
67
n eel
Only YOUR Ears are Golden

POPULAR ELECTRONICS has followed,
for some years now, the evaluation of
hi -fi equipment by various consumer report
type magazines. This is an area where we
have a little more experience than most
people, and we like to see if our opinions
agree with those of the testing organizations. Sometimes we have agreed in part
with their findings, and sometimes we have
been mildly upset by what the consumer
magazines recommended. Never, however,
did we think them serious enough that we
should take space in POPULAR ELECTRONICS
to comment on any particular report. With
the publication of the article on loudspeakers in the December 1958 Consumers Report, we feel that comment is obligatory.
The CU article on loudspeakers effectively makes two very important points to
which POPULAR ELECTRONICS takes exception: (1) there are only four loudspeakers
on the market that are truly acceptable for
high -fidelity use; and (2) separate loudspeakers, even when installed in cabinets
specifically designed for them, are not to be
recommended for high-fidelity use.
Perhaps an even more important aspect
of the article is its tone of final authority.
Nowhere in the article is there conveyed
the idea that individual tastes in loudspeakers may differ. The "Report on Whiskeys" on page 652 of the same issue includes the following qualifying sentence:
"Taste is, of course, a subjective matter,
and your taste may not agree with the expert's." No such statement is found in the
article on loudspeakers.
Only Your Ears Are Golden. Although
you can run performance curves on loudspeakers until you're blue in the face, the
fact remains that the only way to judge a
loudspeaker is by listening to it and deciding if it sounds like real music to you. Don't
forget that if you usually sit in the center
of Row 5 in the orchestra section of your
favorite concert hall, you and the person
Who sits in the last row of the balcony will
have entirely different ideas of what constitutes good sound. Add to this different
acoustical characteristics of different con68
cert halls and the problem of what constitutes real sound becomes more complex.
If we had the opportunity to become familiar with loudspeaker reviewers as we
become familiar with record and movie reviewers -thus gradually finding out which
reviewers like the same things we do -there
would be no problem. We would simply
sidestep those reviewers whose judgment
we had learned to distrust and accept the
judgment of our favorite reviewer, whose
taste happened to coincide with ours. CU
shows a photograph of four men who are
presumably engaged in making listening
tests. How do we know that the hearing
and judgment of these four gentlemen agree
with ours ?
Another problem : any reader of POPULAR
ELECTRONICS knows that physical placement
of a speaker in a room can alter its sound
substantially. Depending on the size and
shape of a room, corner placement can
sometimes dramatically change the character of a loudspeaker. Judging from the
photo of CU's listening judges, optimum
placements of the different speakers must
have been impossible. The barn -like room
in which the listening tests were conducted
also raises doubts about the value of CU's
findings. Most people have completely different acoustical surroundings from those
shown in the photo and therefore should not
expect speakers to sound as they did to
CU's judges.
Better or Different? As mentioned before, CU check -rated only four speaker systems. There is no question but that the
check-rated systems are excellent. The only
question is: are they better than the other
speakers tested or others not tested?
A listening test performed by one of our
editors is of interest in connection with this
question. He uses one of the check -rated
systems in his stereo system and one rated
only "acceptable- fair." When these speaker
systems are switched back and forth on
monophonic programs, there is very definitely a difference in the sound produced;
but as far as having a preference between
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
THE ARGUMENT of high -power audio

amplifiers versus low -power circuits continues unabated. Precision Electronics, Inc.
(9101 King Ave., Franklin Park, Ill.), with
its new Grommes 60 -watt 250K basic amplifier kit has produced a strong case for the
high power side of the controversy.
Assembly Instructions. Those of you
who have wired other kits may be a bit
GROMMES
250K 60-Watt
Power Amplifier
34
TESTED
, p
tw4
LE
surprised at the Grommes construction

book. Instead of the usual step -by-step instructions, you will find large color-coded
wiring pictorials.
The first of these is a well illustrated
parts identification and "how to mount
components" sheet. This system leaves no
doubt as to where and how an unfamiliar
component should be mounted.
The second diagram is devoted to mechanical assembly. Parts to be mounted
from the underside of the chassis are easily
identified, but the information concerning
top chassis components (transformers and
February, 1959
electrolytics) was slighted. We found it

best to mount the transformers first so
that they would act as "stand -offs" and
keep the chassis above the workbench top,
thus avoiding possible damage to the other
components during mounting.
There are two punched chassis holes
which match the two lead openings in the
power transformer shell, but only one opening appears on the chassis pictorial. If the
yellow and yellow/green leads are put
through the unmarked chassis hole, they
reach the correct wiring points. Since the
output transformer leads were slightly off69
-210 TO -25V.
FOR EL34 /6C1.
color, care had to be taken in their identification. If you are in doubt, check the leads
with a VOM.
All hookup wire and transformer leads
are color -coded to the wiring diagram and
pre -cut. Taking it slow and carefully, total
assembly time came to about 61 hours.
In general, the construction manual was
clear and explicit. A pictorial of the complete unit, however, would have been use-
ful for rechecking and troubleshooting.

Circuit Design. The Grommes 250K
uses a somewhat novel design. The input
tube, a 12AU7, is connected in cascode and
direct -coupled to a 12BH7 wired as a long tailed -pair phase inverter. The output
tubes are EL34's with fixed bias. A 6L6
tube is employed solely as a screen grid
regulator and two 5U4 tubes are used in
the power supply.
Features include a bias adjustment and
terminals for meas-
uring output tube

current, input level
control, 4 -, 8 -, and 16ohm taps, and a pre -
-35V
TO -40V.
FORM-56/6550
20MF
TSOO V.
Damping factor of the amplifier is 15. A

kit, the DF -1, is available for installing
variable damping if desired.
Test Results. Input sensitivity of the
Grommes checked out at .97 volts for rated
output. The hum and noise level was
better than the specified -90 db. At a full
60 -watts output, the 250K produced a clean
sine wave from 20 to 20000 cycles. This
performance is exceptionally good.
It is interesting that the square wave
response was the only test that did not
meet or better the manufacturer's specifications. The oscilloscope showed some ringing at 10 kc. Further checks indicated that
120- fds. shunted across the 20 -,a ofd. capacitor in the feedback loop would minimize the ringing. The effect of this slight
instability was not audible in listening
tests; the amplifier is clean sounding and
performs well at all power levels.
30
Int
amp power output

socket. The unit is
fused and has an a.c.
convenience outlet.
Underchassis view of
completed amplifier. Large
chassis and careful layout
design simplify soldering.
70
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
MANY READERS who experiment with

al transistors find on occasion that they
need to test the tiny units. Several simple

transistor tester circuits have been published in past issues of POPULAR ELECTRON ICS and these do a good job for most transistor types. However, the number of types
and the different mountings and connections have increased to the point where a
wide range of test and accurate measure-
PACO T-65
Transistor Tester
,FO.
.,<.
. ..*my. cFF, M.
FW
a.n+m:AOxl
.RESTIE
oad
470,
.+s
yvec Mt
MIR
OWL
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COMM
REO
Noqx
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- RID
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RINE.*
vNiaMw-..
ments are often necessary. For a full check

of the characteristics of all existing transistors, a professional -type transistor tester is
vital.
All current transistor types can be tested
in the Paco Model T-65 transistor and crystal diode tester (Paco Electronics Co., Inc.
70 -31 84th St., Glendale 27, N. Y.). The T -65
tests n -p -n and p -n -p types of low, medium
and high power ratings. As an extra feature, crystal diodes can be checked for both
forward and reverse currents.
Transistors are tested in four ways: (1)
for shorts between elements; (2) for collector cutoff current (IcBO); (3) for leakage current between the collector and the
emitter with the base circuit open; and (4)
for gain. The latter is read in current gain
(beta) of the transistor under test.
Pre -Assembly Steps. Three main function switches are pre -wired before any of
the other wiring is done.
February, 1959
Wire the switches carefully, keeping the

red positioning mark in mind. Make sure
the switches are held toward you or away
from you during wiring as required to
match the drawings in the manual. Recheck your work before mounting the
switches.
Your particular kit may include switches
that are slightly different mechanically
from those in the diagrams. They may have
crimped metal tabs holding the contact
wafers to the assembly or nuts and bolts as
in the manual illustration. In either case
they are directly interchangeable and will
present no problem.
It is a good idea to check all soldered
connections. Remember that unless a joint
is well soldered it may add resistance to
71
the wiring that will upset some critical test

circuit.
It might be found that the 4- pin -in -line
transistor socket won't quite fit into its
cutout hole in the panel. In such a case,
don't try to force the socket but use a small
file to enlarge the hole.
After you have completed all construction steps in the manual, there will be
three extra resistors. Their values are 33,
390 and 4700 ohms. Clipped to the test
leads, these resistors provide a means for
checking out the finished instrument as described in the instruction manual.
Wide Voltage Range. Some transistor
testers are battery -operated but a wide
range of voltages is needed for testing
many of the newer transistors. The Model
T -65 provides 17 different voltages, allowELECTRONIC
ABBREVIATIONS
PUZZLE
By John A. Comstock
3
5
6
8
7
/0
ACROSS
1
ing front -panel selection of collector voltages from 0.5 to 100 volts, d.c. These voltages are also used for diode back- resistance
tests. Diode forward tests are made in current ranges from 5 ma. to 500 ma. at any
of the 17 voltages from 0.75 to 75 volts.
All transistor test readings are made
on a large plastic -cased D'Arsonval -type
meter. This meter is also used to adjust
the input line voltage. A similar line voltage control is used in tube testers to compensate for power line voltage variation.
Transistor and diode test data sheets accompany the kit. They give an outline
drawing of each transistor type and the
proper settings of each switch on the tester panel. Complete data is given for testing 411 transistor types and 123 diode
types.
30
/2
Clipper.
Ill
1111
B
//
/5
/4
/3
Electronic generator of frequencies.

Type of radio circuit.
Number of cycles completed
one second.
/6
17
in
Circuit consisting of resistance
and capacitance.
connection exists.
10 Symbol for d.c. screen grid voltage.
/B
/9
20
. .
22
2/
9 No
device that converts

a.c. to pulsating d.c.
14 Type of electron beam modulation.
which generates voltage
16 Cell
when exposed to light radiation.
by
17 Electrical effect produced
12 Unilateral
light.
19
22
25
27
29
30
31
33
34
36
38
39
40
Sensitivity rating given to meters

Governmental agency that regulates radio and wire transmissions
in the United States.
In audio frequency circuit, power
expressed in vu or db.
Transmission and reception of pictures by means of r.f. waves traveling through space or over wires.
In electron tube terminology, output power of tube.
Single cotton- covered wire.
System of reducing channel width
in radio broadcasting.
In radar terminology, width of
pulse.
Audio stage in transmitter that
superimposes intelligence signal
on carrier frequency.
Microgroove record or record
with extended play.
R.F. band from 30 to 300 kc.
One -thousandth of a volt.
Class of amplification.
DOWN
TV receiver service control that
adjusts scanning.
Million cycles.
4 In
72
communications, that
which
27 28
24
26
25
30
29
3/
32
35
38
intelligence from
to point.
carries
39
point
Product of capacitance times resistance in circuit.
7 Second winding of transformer.

8
11
Receiver.
Flashes from this device may be

used to measure rotation speed
of turntable.
12 Method of obtaining increased
gain from amplifier.
13 Wire covered with varnish -like
substance.
15 Package of interconnected electronic components.
having single pole and
two different throw positions.
20 Variable frequency oscillator.
18 Switch
.
33
23
36
37
40
Circuit etched on insulator plate.

in transistor that receives electrons transmitted from
emitter.
24 Opposite of negative.
25 Electromechanical device used in
21
23 Element
26
28
30
32
35
37
auto radios to convert d.c. to a.c.

Circuit consisting of coil and capacitor.
Familiar type of meter used in
servicing electronics gear.
Short -wave listener.
Frequency band immediately
above u.h.f. region.
Modulation very similar to FM.
Electronic addressing system.
(Solution on page 115)
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
After Class
Television
Nucleonics
WHEATSTONE BRIDGE
_
ASIDE FROM the simple series and parallel circuits, the Wheatstone bridge
arrangement probably appears in more
electronic applications than any other circuit. Invented in 1843 by the English scientist, Charles Wheatstone, the original
bridge has been modified countless times to
make it suitable for thousands of different
uses in control circuits, testing, and radio
and television.
Just what is a Wheatstone bridge? What
principles are involved in its operation?
What is it used for?
Operating Principle. The fundamental
bridge circuit is given in Fig. 1. The arrangement comprises Rx and R2 in series,
R3 and R4 in series, with the two series
groups in parallel with each other across
the voltage source. A zero-center galvanometer (M1) is connected to junctions
B and D.
By correctly selecting the four resistance
values, it is possible to make the galvanometer read zero regardless of the voltage of
the battery (B1). When the galvanometer
reads zero, the voltage across points B and
D must also be zero. There is only one way
that this can happen:
(a) The voltage drop across Rx (from A
Radio
Radar
By HARVEY POLLACK
Fig. 1. Basic Wheatstone bridge

circuit from which all the other
bridge circuits are derived.
Commercial bridge instrument for

resistance and capacity measurements
available in kit form (Paco C -20).
to B) must equal the voltage drop across

R3 (from A to D). Designating the current in the upper series branch (A -B -C) as
11 and the current in the lower series
branch (A -D -C) as 12, we can write:
Il X Rx = 12 X R3
since a voltage drop is always the product
of the current times the resistance.
(b) Since the voltage across both
branches must be equal to the battery poFebruary, 1959
73
Precision
Wheatstone bridge can be extremely accurate -much more so than by VOM or
resistor decade box of the type used

to provide a resistance
standard (Eico 1171).
VTVM.
Building Your Own Bridge. An amazingly precise Wheatstone bridge can be constructed in an hour or two from some inexpensive materials and any zero- centered
sensitive meter. (Many of the surplus mail
order houses can supply inexpensive micro ammeters of this type.) The construction
details are illustrated in Fig. 2.
A slide wire consisting of about three
feet of #28 Nichrome or similar material
taken from an old wire -wound rheostat
forms R3 and R4. A test probe can be slid
along the Nichrome wire so that R3 measured from A to D is varied as R4 (D to C)
is simultaneously changed in the opposite
sense.
The actual resistance of R3 and R4 need
not be known. Since resistance of a uniform wire varies directly as the length, the
ratio of the length AD to the length DC as
read on the yardstick or meter stick is the
same as R3 /R4. Hence, all you have to
know accurately is the resistance of R2.
You might build up a supply of 1% re-
tential applied across

then from con-
A -C,
dition (a) we know
that the drop across

R2 must equal the
drop across R4. The
current in R2 is II
since R2 and Rx are
in series.
Similarly,
the current in R4 is
12. Thus
:
IIXR2 =12XR4
(c) If the first equation is divided by the
second, all the currents cancel out and we
are left with the simple relation :
Rx/R2 = R3/R4
If we now multiply both sides of this last

equation by R2, we arrive at the final form :
Rx = R2
sistors of different values for substitution

across the R2 binding posts, or if you own
a resistance decade box, this can be used.
Using the Bridge. Suppose you want
to find the resistance of an unknown resistor with good precision. If you know the
approximate range of resistance that you're
dealing with, choose a value for R2 of about
the same range. If you have no idea of the
value of Rx, use a hit -or -miss system.
Touch the test prod to the slide wire near
(R3/R4)
What this final equation really says is

that the value of an unknown resistance Rx
may be obtained if the other three resistances are known. Using the correct value
of Rx, the bridge can be "balanced," that
is, the galvanometer will show no deflection. Measurement of resistances on the
5K
R3
74
Fig. 2. Details of homemade

slidewire Wheatstone bridge.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
....,...,.,_
EESTED
POPULAR
El FCTRONICS
The
Ouo -Flex
Speaker System
A small hi -fi spe
ideal
system,
a second
stereo channel or extension use

By DAVE GORDON
BASS- REFLEX cabinet design has been
the source of more conflicting claims
in the hi -fi field than perhaps any other
subject. Partisans of the design swear by
it; others, at it.

There is no question but that many bass reflex systems do sound pretty bad. A
cabinet with too -thin panels and a mistuned resonance will cause even the best
speaker to seem muddy and boomy. However, a well-constructed enclosure properly
tuned to the speaker not only can sound
extremely good but is exceptionally easy
and economical to construct.
Acoustic Theory. What are the acoustic facts behind the bass -reflex design? In
simplest terms, the bass -reflex enclosure
can be considered as a specially adapted
Helmholtz resonator.
What is a Helmholtz resonator? Anyone
February, 1959
who has ever blown across the mouth of

an empty bottle has been experimenting,
as it were, with a Helmholtz resonator.
Varying either the cubic content of the
bottle or the size of its mouth will change
the tone produced by the air vibrations
within the bottle.

Consider the bass-reflex speaker enclosure as a Helmholtz resonator-but with
a speaker (or speakers) mounted in it. The
speaker has its own resonant frequency
which is determined by the mass of the
cone and the stiffness of its suspension.
By tuning the cabinet's resonance to that
of the speaker, cancellation of the speaker's
resonant peak can be achieved. Cancellation takes place because the cabinet, when
excited to resonance, absorbs energy from
-and hence damps -the speaker cone.
Lower distortion and a greater power-
75
Precut all sections of the cabinet to the

specified
dimensional drawing
front panel divider
exactly between the speaker cutouts and
then butt the two side pieces to the plywood front panel. Use 2" finishing nails and
a good grade of wood glue on all joints.
sizes
in the
on page 105. Install the
Top and bottom panels are installed next. Use glue

and nails every 2" along joints. For best bass response,
it is important that completed box be as airtight (before drilling port holes) as possible. Use wood putty
to seal any cracks that may result in air leakage.
Cleats for the back panel mounting are installed

with
11/4" nails and a liberal amount of glue. The cleats

should be spaced in from rear of cabinet to a depth
sufficient to allow flush- mounting of the back panel.
An airtight seal can be insured by tacking felt weather
stripping on the cleats where they meet the back panel.
handling capacity are immediate gains

from the lower cone excursion.
A Practical System. How do we go
about designing a practical bass -reflex
system? To answer this question, it was
decided to build a small experimental system. Two Lafayette SK -97 61/2" coaxial
speakers were chosen to be the drivers of
the system, dubbed the "Duo- Flex."
76
The SK -97 speakers were selected for

the Duo -Flex because they were inexpensive ($12.95 for two), and therefore presented a challenge to the enclosure designer. However, the tuning technique to be
described would be suitable to almost any
speaker and cabinet combination.
Rather than attempt to calculate the
cabinet dimensions by one of several math POPULAR ELECTRONICS
The
two coaxial speakers
are mounted with
#4
screws, 11/4" long. Do not overtighten screws as speaker

frame warpage may result. Wire speakers in series (to-
tal impedance will be 16 ohms), and check phasing by

momentarily connecting a 11/2 -volt dry cell to the leads.
At the moment of contact, both speaker cones should

move in or out. If the two cones move in opposite directions, reverse connections to one speaker. A 6' length
of TV flat -line can be used for the speaker input lead.
.'
,.
_
Using a /2" wood bit, 36 holes are drilled in the

front panel in the area shown in the photo. The
exact pattern and spacing of the holes is not important. It is most convenient to locate the holes a little lower than
halfway between the speaker openings
and the bottom of the cabinet. Avoid
drilling into the front panel divider.
Center the back panel divider
ematical formulas (there are several formulas but the experts don't seem to agree
on one), it was decided to build a cabinet
to a convenient size and then pragmatically
tune it by drilling 2" holes in the front
panel. As we shall see, both cabinet and
speaker resonances are reflected in an impedance curve of the speaker voice coils.
Figure 1 illustrates the impedance-measFebruary, 1959
so it will
not interfere with the cleats when the panel
Nail and glue the divider in
is installed.
place and cover it with a 2" -thick blanket of
glass wool. Staple the glass wool to the top
and sides of the cabinet. When the cabinet
is assembled, the back panel divider will be
horizontal and the front panel divider will
be vertical.
The back panel is mounted
with about a dozen I1/2" #6 wood screws.
77
O-5 V A.
uring setup that was used and Fig. 2

graphically charts the electro- acoustic
changes that occur during tuning.
The SK -97 has a free air resonance of
approximately 85 cycles. When installed
in a sealed cabinet 151/4 "x14"xll1/2", the
resonance moves up 25 cycles and appears
as peak B (in Fig. 2) at about 110 cycles.
The smaller bump at A shows the main
resonance of the speakers being excited by
55 cycles, a "subharmonic" of 110 cycles.
In general, the "closed -box" curve suggests
C. ME TER
1-1-1
-1
AUDIO GENERATOR
10011 (MAY
BE
OMITTED)
Fig. 1. Setup used

to measure the impedance curve of
the Duo -Flex speaker
system. Only a few
of the 36 holes to
be drilled are shown.
a muddy, boomy bass, which was confirmed

by listening tests.
Holes Improve Performance. Drilling 12 holes in the front panel turns the
sealed enclosure into a Helmholtz resonator
-resonant at about 50 cycles. The resonance of the enclosure is out of phase with
peak A and produces the C and D peaks.
Peak B has slipped down in amplitude and
up in frequency and has become E.
Applying the drill once more and raising
the number of holes to 36, we achieve
nearly perfect tuning. Bump C has grown
to F, D has disappeared, and E has slumped
down to become G.
The 36 -hole curve represents the ideal
bass -reflex tuning curve. It's important to
remember that the curve represents only
impedance changes in the speaker voice
coil, which reflects speaker and cabinet
resonance and not speaker output. G. A.
Briggs of Wharfedale has demonstrated
Two Lafayette
SK -97 61/2" coaxial

speakers were used in the Duo -Flex.
In these impedance
curves, the numbers running hor-
Fig. 2.
izontally represent frequency.

The vertical numbers represent
volts developed across the voice
coil and are not significant ex-
cept on
comparative
that at the cabinet resonant frequency

basis.
1.s
1.
1.3
E
1.2
CLOSED BOX
1.1
--=
12
16.01
36 HOLES
HOLES
1.0
9
Al
'-'.....
.3
-78
40
_-
62
T6
100
ISO
125
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
....Like a
Technician's
Job?
0 FIND OUT exactly how technicians
T are
hired, and what personnel people

look for in a technician, POP'tronics went
directly to Frank W. Jensen, Employment
Manager for Remington Rand Univac's

Electronic Services Department. For several years Mr. Jensen has been searching
for qualified technicians to maintain his
company's multi-million -dollar computers.
Here are his answers to basic questions
about hiring electronic technicians.
Q. When you hire a technician, what kind
of job do you train him for?
A. We train our technicians to run and
maintain our large computer installations.

Since the average cost of training a technician for this job is between $6000 and
$8000, the opportunity is offered only to
well -qualified people.
Q. What kind of background should an applicant have?
A. To maintain a computer, an understanding of electronic fundamentals is a
necessity. This should be backed up preferably with several years of experience in
pulse circuits, such as those used in radar,
fire control, or guided missiles.

Q. What kind of educational background
February, 1959
By
SIMON DRESNER
Associate Editor
satisfactory if the man has learned his electronic fundamentals.

A. A man may have gotten his early training through a correspondence course or in
the Armed Forces and developed a lot of onthe -job experience and ability. He may be
a graduate of an accredited technical
is
institute.
Q. Are his school grades important?
A. Grades do not necessarily reflect how

much a man knows. Chances are, though,
that if he has received good grades it means
he's interested in newer concepts in electronics and would do well in our schools.
Q. Do you test your applicants for technical ability?
A. Yes, we give two tests, one to measure
reasoning power, and the other to see how
much electronics the applicant knows. In
working with computers, the ability to
79
think logically is very important, and we

measure it with the reasoning power test.
Q. How do you score the tests?
A. The applicant must get above a cer-
tain minimum score on each test. To some

extent, excellence in one test can offset a
poor grade in the other. We make allowances for special subjects which he may not
know, such as binary arithmetic, which
would be taught in our training program.
He may have missed some simple questions
because he had studied the subject too far
back in his schooling and didn't
remember it. In addition, we
quiz him orally.
Q. What do you ask him?
A. Well, I might confront

him with a schematic diagram
ground in electronics theory or fundamentals. You can't build a skyscraper on a

weak foundation. Training consists of
entirely new ideas in mathematics, electronics, logics, and electromechanical assemblies. These concepts are unique to our
computers, which are unique machines.
Topics like transistors are thoroughly covered during training.
Q. Can a computer technician become an
engineer?
A. The
natural path of advancement
is
from Technician to Engineer,

to Systems Engineer, to Engineer in Charge of a specific
computer installation. The
title of Systems Engineer
would be granted, for example,
Many technicians
learned the ABC's
of electronics in
the Armed Forces.
This radar specialist is using a voltmeter to check a
circuit. His experience would qualify him to work on
non -military radar
or computers.
and say, "See this complex network of relays? If I throw this switch, does this light
go on or off ?" This would give a quick
check on his reasoning power. The so- called
"machine logics" places heavy demands on
the applicant's ability to think rationally.
Q. How valuable is a knowledge of transistors?
A. Very valuable. A fellow who knows
his transistor circuitry makes our training

that much easier -our computers are using
more and more solid state components, like
the transistor. It also means that he is
keeping up with the latest in electronics.
Q. How much more does a technician learn
in your training school?
A.
80
First, a man must have a good back-
to a man who has gained an overall understanding of the complete computer system.
Q. What kind of personality characteristics do you look for?
A. A man's got to be meticulous and responsible. The reason is obvious: repairs
on Remington Rand Univac computers have
to be done quickly and accurately, and with
good reliability. Any "down time" when
the computer is not functioning costs both
ourselves and our customers money. The

applicant must be interested in the machine
and have a positive, constructive attitude.
Q. What about his ability to work with
people?
A. This is very
important. Our techni-

POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Build This
Signal Peaker
HERE is an easily constructed signal

peaker that requires neither tubes nor
transistors nor a d.c. power supply. It tunes
sharply to pass any selected frequency between 600 and 1100 cycles. Approximately
14 to 1 rejection is provided for frequencies
as close as 1 octave on each side of the
operating frequency.
While other filters only knock the available signal down, this circuit introduces no
insertion loss. Instead, when operating into
a high- impedance load (such as an a.c.
VTVM, oscilloscope, or crystal headphones),
it provides a voltage gain of approximately
10 at signal peak. The graph shows the
circuit's performance curve at 1000 cycles.
Construction. The device should be
built in an aluminum chassis box. Neither
layout nor wiring is critical, since the frequencies are low. The only wiring precaution is to connect all ground leads to one
soldering lug which should be attached to
the chassis.
Mount inductor LI and the binding posts
on top of the chassis. Mount R1 and J1 on
February, 1959
A useful accessory
for the ham or SWL
the front. All other circuit elements are
mounted inside the chassis box.
Follow carefully the color coding of TI's
leads as shown in the schematic. If this
is not done, the transformer will not be
By
RUFUS P. TURNER
81
phased correctly and the output signal will

dip instead of peaking.
By employing an adjustable inductor, 1,1,
the response of the network may be
changed to any desired frequency within a
tuning range governed by L1 and capacitors
C1 and C2. The specified inductor (UTC
Type VIC-15) is adjusted by means of an
Allen wrench inserted into a tuning screw.
If the builder is not interested in the
tuning feature, a conventional, iron -cored
choke coil may be used, but it must have
high Q in order for the output peak to
be sharp.
Tuning. Connect an audio oscillator to
the Input terminals. Connect an a.c.
VTVM to the Output terminals. Be sure
that the ground terminal of the oscillator
and VTVM are connected to the grounded
binding posts. Tune the oscillator to 1000
PARTS LIST
Cl,
C2-0.01 -.fd.
mica capacitor
phone jack
LI- Miniature 5 -henry tunable inductor (UTC
JI-Miniature open- circuit

VIC -15)
RI- /2-megohm potentiometer

TI- Miniature transistor -type
1
transformer: primary impedance, 2000 ohms CT, secondary

impedance, 8000 ohms CT (Argonne AR -115)
4-Insulated binding posts, with lugs and fiber
washers
1-Solder
cycles.
Adjust 1.1 for peak deflection of the

VTVM. Adjust R1 for the highest VTVM
reading at the peak. Now, without disturb-
lug
1-4"x 21/2" x 15/s"

.IIIIIIIIII.HOW
aluminum chassis box
IT WORKS
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
The primary winding of transformer TI is connected
in parallel with the signal input terminals. The

secondary winding is connected effectively in series
with the Input and Output terminals. It is wired to
buck the input voltage. Because of this phasing, the
output voltage would be reduced to zero if the secondary voltage were exactly equal to the input voltage. Thus, the signal through this circuit would be
cancelled.
But there is connected in series with the Input
terminals and the transformer secondary a bridged -T
network (L1- C1- C2 -R1) which removes one fre=
quency (actually, a very narrow band of frequencies)
from the signal. This prevents transformer TI from
bucking out the signal of the bridged -T network frequency. The net result is an output signal at the
null frequency of the T network, while adjacent fret= quencies are
attenuated.
Headphone jack 1I is provided in addition to the
Output binding post terminals to allow the device to
be used directly with headphones for sharpening c.w.
signals or balancing a bridge.
ing the oscillator output control, run the

oscillator through its tuning range, noting
that the output voltage rises sharply at
1000 cycles and falls on each side of this
frequency.
The signal peaker can be tuned to any
frequency between 600 and 1100 cycles
by repeating the above procedure. Just set
the signal generator at the desired
frequency.
The setting of RI does not affect the frequency but varies the height of the output
signal peak. It is set for maximum peak
height. Resetting is required only when the
frequency is changed.
--
0.1
iIIIIUIIWnnImIIIIlYV1uvYIIIIIIIUIUIIYUwluumllWnnIIIIIIWIIwIWmWluuum1rnI
CONSTANT INPUT SIGNAL

VOLTAGE -0.01 V. R.M.S.
Graph of the output
voltage with the signal

peaker tuned to 1000
cycles and a varying
input frequency. In the
schematic of the peak er (above), jack
JI-
0.01
for direct phone connection

is optional.
0.002
200
400
600
800
KC.
1.2KC
1.4KC.
1.6KC.
1.8KC.
2KC.
SIGNAL FREQUENCY, C.P.S.
82
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Short-SA/axle Report
By HANK BENNETT
POP'TRONICS REPORTER
#1,
rStockton,
Riley Sundstrom
J.) began DX'ing
(R. D.
Thomas
Box 98,
in 1955 with
N.
a 1930 -model RCA receiver which covered
6 -18 mc. in addition to the standard medium -wave band. A short time later, Riley,
as he is known to many of his DX friends,
augmented this with a Hallicrafters S -38.
Riley's antenna is a 50' inside "long wire,"
of which 40 feet point north -south, and it
is inconspicuously installed along a baseboard. Although his best DX is Radio Japan,
he has heard it only once in its North American Service. He recently acquired a Heath
QF -1 Q- Multiplier which is expected to help
rectify this situation.

In the three years that Riley has been
DX'ing, he has amassed a log covering 25
countries, 22 verified. He has 26 wiles in
all, the most prized one being from the
West Indies Broadcasting Service, Grenada,
for the 5000 -watt outlet on 3365 kc.
The Sundstrom receivers can usually be
found tuned to the 25 -meter band. Riley's
favorite stations include Radio Australia
for the "North American Mailbag" and
"DX'ers Calling," and the Voice of Denmark for the "DX Bulletin."
Riley is 16 years old, a Junior at the
Solebury School in New Hope, Pa., and a
member of the Newark News Radio Club
and the Connecticut DX Club. He will be
pleased to see on pages 60 to 63 of this issue of POPULAR ELECTRONICS a new list of
short -wave broadcast stations somewhat
similar to the one that appeared in the
November 1957 issue.
Club Notes. The Band and Frequencies
Radio Club is currently having a drive for
new members. "Ether Echoes," the club
bulletin, covers all areas of DX plus some
February, 1959
special feature articles. For complete information, write to Vernon G. Packard,

President, 810 S. 21st St., Milwaukee, Wis.
The International Shortwave Club is conducting a census to determine the most
popular short -wave stations. This census,
taken every three years, is open to all shortwave listeners. Send a postcard or air letter
to ISWC, 100, Adams Gardens Estates,
London, S.E. 16, England, listing your five
favorite stations or services in order of
preference, with a short explanation as to
why you consider your first choice to be the
most popular station.
Current Reports. This month our station reports will feature new stations, frequency and program changes, and some
unidentified stations which you may be able
to identify. Times given are Eastern
Standard and the 24 -hour system is used.
Riley Sundstrom at
in Stockton, N. J. His
his
listening post
Hallicrafters S -38
receiver with IO" speaker is at the left,

the 1930 RCA receiver right next to it.
83
Cascode
R. F. Unit
... to boost reception on the 2- and 6-meter bands
By
DONALD A. SMITH
W3UZN
HERE is the opportunity for hams and

SWL fans to increase the sensitivity
and gain of their present receivers by adding a cascode r.f. amplifier. This easily
constructed, self -powered unit connects
directly to the antenna terminal of your
receiver, with no rewiring necessary.
Coil winding, parts layout and neutralization problems have been eliminated by
the use of a kit available from International Crystal Company. And a small transformer- operated silicon diode power supply
is added to the basic printed-circuit unit for
shockless operation.
Construction. A small aluminum box
houses the entire unit. Two cutouts are
necessary for the power transformer and
printed- circuit board.
Since the parts received with the amplifier board are not yet mounted, this is the
best time to mark off the board chassis
cutout. Make it about 74" smaller than
the board. The edge of the printed circuit
resting on the chassis provides the electrical ground. It may be necessary to file
notches on the cutout to prevent shorting
84
out of the terminals marked FIL and LF.

After all holes are drilled and the two
cutouts made, mount the parts on the
chassis. Follow the manufacturer's instructions when mounting components on the
printed- circuit board. In the case of the
820-ohm resistor (R2), which is connected
between tube pin 8 and ground, do not place
the resistor as shown. Instead, connect it
under the board, from pin 8 to the gain
control (R3). R3 permits lowering stage
gain when extremely strong signals are
received to prevent overload and blocking
of the receiver.
Use short lengths of coaxial cable to connect the input and output jacks (JI and J2)
to the amplifier board. Observe polarity
on C6 and C7.
Alignment instructions are included with
the kit. Don't be concerned if you find that
the adjustment which gives the lowest
noise during alignment is not the same as
that which gives the greatest gain.
Using the Amplifier. The r.f. amplifier
is complete in itself and therefore may be
placed anywhere in the antenna lead -in,
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Schematic diagram
C5
e+___J
FIL
R3
of cascode r.f. unit.

Part of schematic
shown in color is
printed- circuit board.
5K
R4
TI
7.5-251t
125-
SD2
135V.
CT
40.0d
1
TI
OUTPUT
C6
J2
r.f. section should not

be cluttered by the power supply components. Note that resistor R2 is connected directThe
R2
ly to R3. Use coax cables

on r.f. input and output leads.
C7
ahead of the receiver or converter. For

best results, locate the unit on or near the
receiver in order to keep the coaxial cable
length short.
Both 2- and 6 -meter amplifiers are available from the manufacturer. Tests made
on the 6 -meter unit, fed into a converter
which already had a cascode front -end,
showed good results. The over -all gain was
approximately 30 db. The signal -to -noise
ratio was improved 3 to 5 db.
When the cascode amplifier was connected to a converter which did not have a
cascode front -end, gains of 10 to 20 db were
not uncommon! And QRM in the i.f. fre30
quency range was greatly reduced.
February, 1959
R3
5D2
SDI
SI
PARTS LIST
C6 -10 -td., 150 -volt
tubular electrolytic capaci-
tor
C7-40-pfd., 350-volt can -type electrolytic capacitor

JI, 12-Chassis- mounting screw -type coaxial
connector (Amphenol 83-1R or equivalent)
PCI- Printed-circuit board and parts* (VFA -I,
International Crystal Co., 18 N. Lee, Oklahoma City, Okla.- indicate choice of 6- or
2 -meter cascode r.f. stage)
R3- 5000-ohm potentiometer
R4-7.5 -25 ohm, 10 -watt resistor
SI-S.p.s.t. toggle switch
SDI, SD2- 150 -ma. (or smaller) silicon diode
rectifier
TI -Power
135 volt
transformer, 117 -volt primary,

and 6.3 -volt secondary (Triad
or Stoncor PS -8415)
-51/2" x 3" x 11/4" chassis
1
*
CI-05,
board
RI, R2
(LMB
125R -20
#139)
and Vl are on printed -circuit

85
SERIES
UNE
LAMPE
f
To save wire, Mr. Buzz thought he could
hook up two bells so that switch X
would turn on bell X and switch Y on bell Y.
1
He figured that if both switches were depressed there would be a short circuit across
the transformer, and, since the short would
be of short duration, it would not harm the
transformer. He expected no trouble but
ran into some anyway. What happened?
LAMP
xfY
FOR
MOVED TO LEFT
PARALLEL HOOKUP
Joe Snappit, a photographer, wanted

to make a device that would switch two
flood lights from parallel to series operation.
Joe didn't have a double -pole, double -throw
switch, so he used one single -pole, single throw switch and one single -pole, double throw switch. And when he plugged the device into the wall outlet, it seemed to work.
Was Joe smart or was he just plain lucky?
Electronic
Stickler's
Here are four puzzles involving simple electrical circuits

arranged in order of increasing difficulty
(Answers on page 108)
Harold Tinkerfoy, an inveterate experimenter, wanted to see what circuit resistance he would get when he connected
four 100 -ohm resistors as shown. What resistance did Harold find from A to B?
After figuring out Stickler #3 at left,
Harold Tinkertoy went three- dimension connecting twelve 100 -ohm resistors to
form the cube above. What resistance did
Harold find from A to B this time?
al by
This month's Sticklers submitted by
RONALD WILENSKY
86
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
\si
Transistor Topics
bounced about in jeeps, station wagons,
boats, and light planes. Their low power
By LOU GARNER
of its small physical size, cir-
BECAUSE
cuit designers first thought of the transistor simply as an expensive subminiature
substitute for the more popular vacuum
tube. For a long while, the terms transistorized and subminiaturized
requirements are mandatory in instruments that must be operated from self contained batteries far from the convenience of a power line. And finally, their long
service life is essential in gear likely to be
used in remote locations away from dependable repair and service shops.
Readers' Circuits. Not long ago, David
Bradbury (133 S. Bancroft, Indianapolis,
Ind.) submitted a collection of the "best"
experimental circuits he had developed in
were used almost inter-
changeably. Now design en-
gineers are giving more
attention to the transistor's

other desirable characteristics: its resistance to shock
and vibration, its almost infinite life, and its low power
requirements.
Heath's Model DF-2 Radio
Navigator is an outstanding
example of the transistor's
application in non -miniature
equipment. A two -band superhet receiver, the DF-2
covers both the long-wave beacon and standard AM broadcast bands, and is intended for
use as a radio direction finder by boat
owners, light plane operators, campers
and hunters. Measuring 91/2" x 5" x 8" overall, it uses conventional "chassis- type" construction, employing a chassis and cabinet
large enough to handle a vacuum -tube receiver with similar operating characteristics and performance specifications.
Transistors were used in this instrument
not because of their size, but because their
electrical and mechanical characteristics
were best suited to the rigorous requirements of outdoor equipment. Their light
weight and rugged construction are necessary in equipment that is carried and
February, 1959
A two -band transistorized receiver, Heath's

Model DF -2 uses conventional construction and
wiring, with no attempt at subminiaturization.
87
six months' work with transistors. One of

his circuits, a two- transistor broadcast band receiver featuring a direct -coupled
complementary amplifier and reflex operation, is given in Fig. 1.

Radio -frequency signals are picked up by
the antenna system and selected by tuned
circuit L1 -C1. Antenna coil L1 (Lafayette
MS -299) is tapped to match the moderate
base -emitter input impedance of the 2N229
magnetic earphones serving as Q2's collector load. Operating power is supplied by

a 3 -volt battery (B1), controlled by a
s.p.s.t. switch ganged to R2.
Since layout and wiring are non -critical,
and standard components are used throughout, you should have little or no difficulty
duplicating Dave's receiver. For best operation use a moderately long antenna.
The receiver circuit shown in Fig. 2 was
Fig. 1. Dave Bradbury's two -transistor
DIPOLE ANTENNA
broadcast -band receiver (above) features direct coupling, reflex operation.
IN34A
Fig. 2. Bob Geiste substitutes dipole

antenna for LC tuned circuit in his
one -transistor single-frequency receiver.
RFCI
n -p -n transistor (Q1). Q1 serves first as

an r.f. amplifier, with an amplified r.f. signal developed across the 0.5 -mhy. choke
(RFC1) in its collector circuit. This signal
is coupled through C. to a 1N34A diode
detector.
The detected audio signal appearing
across the diode load resistor, Gain control
R2, is reflexed back through C3 to Qi's
base. Thus, the n -p -n transistor serves as
an audio amplifier and as a common emitter r.f. stage. The amplified audio signal is direct -coupled to the base -emitter
circuit of the p -n -p CK722 (Q2) this coupling arrangement is made possible by the
complementary characteristics of the transistors. As far as audio signals are concerned, RFCI acts as a short circuit.
After further amplification in the second
stage, the output signal drives the pair of
;
88
RFC2
Imhy.
CI
yrd.
rnhy.
2N109
QI
RI
220H
adapted from a schematic submitted by

Bob Geiste (46 Hayes St., Bridgeport 8,
Conn.). Designed to tune but a single station, this interesting one -transistor receiver is unique in that it uses the resonant
characteristics of a dipole antenna as a
substitute for a conventional LC tuned circuit. Thus, the basic receiver circuit may
be employed at almost any frequency
from long-wave through v.h.f., depending
upon the electrical wavelength of the antenna system used. The antenna, of course,
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
By
HERB S. BRIER
W9EGQ
mong
the
Novice
WHO
are hams?
Who isn't one?
Your doctor, your

paper boy, your milkman, your favorite TV personality, the chief
of police, the wife, son or daughter of any of
these, a nun in a convent, school children,
and other people just like you ... whether
are hams.
you are 9 or 90 years old
A number of new POP'tronics readers
receive their introduction to amateur radio
through this column. Do you want to know
what hamming is all about and how you can
get started on the amateur bands? Or perhaps you'd like to brush up on the facts
...
Hams
installed in their homes, automobiles, airplanes, boats, and even on their bicycles and
motor scooters. They converse via the radio
telegraph code, radiophone, or even by
radioteletype, and some of them even transmit amateur television and facsimile
signals.
Hams send and receive messages in emergency situations, "rag- chew," chase elusive
"DX" from exotic foreign countries, experiment with new equipment and modes of
Mike, K7CLS, (ex- Novice), Layton, Utah
"Ron," KN8KPJ, Huntington Woods, Mich.
Art, KN1HQE,
Pautucket,
R. I.
about code requirements and the various

licenses available.
What Hams Do. Amateur radio is the
art of two -way radio communication pursued as a hobby by over 200,000 licensed
amateurs throughout the world. They communicate with each other via their own
radio receiving and transmitting equipment
February,
1959
89
Construction project for
Q- Multiplier
ing of signals
wise be buried
See details in
a
!SEE TEXT)
TO RECEIVER
hams:
to permit the copywhich would otherunder interference.

text on page 120.
%FORMER
C
I
RECEIV ER
GROUND
SWITCH
6.3V
0.15A
PARTS LIST
C1-100 -fd. midget variable capacitor
C2- .001 -fd. silver -mica capacitor
C3- .0025-td. silver-mica capacitor
C4- 470 -pfd. mica capacitor
C5, C6-.005 -pfd., 600 -w.v. capacitor
LI-Broadcast-band "antenna" coil with adjustable ferrite slug

R1-470 ohms
R2- 25,000 -ohm potentiometer

R3 -2 megohms
R4- 47,000 ohms
(with switch)
All resistors
1/2 -watt cornposition types
R5-15,000 ohms
V1 -6C4 tube (see text)
1 -21/4' x 21/4" x 5" aluminum box (Bud Minibox
or equivalent)
radio communication. And they do it all

from love of the game.
But because even a simple, low -power
transmitter is capable of transmitting a
signal halfway around the world and can
cause interference to other services if improperly operated, all hams must pass an
examination and obtain a government
license before they can transmit a single
dot.
In the United States, all radio licenses

are issued by the Federal Communications
Commission in Washington, D. C., and any
citizen who passes the proper examination
can get his ticket. There are various classes
of licenses available to new applicants.
Licenses Available. The Novice Class
license permits operating up to a 75 -watt
90
250
(APPROX.)
code transmitter in segments of three amateur bands and a voice or code transmitter
in a fourth. The examination consists of a

five -wpm code test and a simple written
examination. This license is valid for one
year, and cannot be renewed.
A Technician Class license grants all
amateur privileges. There is a 13 -wpm
cies above 50 megacycles, except in the
144-to -148 mc. band. The examination consists of a five -wpm code test and a fairly
comprehensive written examination on

amateur radio theory and regulations. Valid
for five years, this license is renewable.
Both the Novice and the Technician Class
licenses are issued by mail with the aid of
volunteer examiners.
The General Class license grants all
amateur privileges. There is a 13 -wpm
test and a written examination of the same
scope as required for the Technician license.
The General Class license is valid for five
years and renewable. The applicant must
appear at an FCC examination point to take
the examination.
If you live more than fifty miles from
the nearest FCC examination point or are
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
How To
Pass
Accredited by the National

Home Study Council
Get Your FCC License

Quickly
We Guarantee
o
.
ntil you recel
We guarantee
to train you until you receive
Your FCC License

or your money back
The Master Course in Electronics will provide you with the

mental tools of the electronics technician and prepare you
for a First Class FCC License (Commercial) with a radar
endorsement. When you successfully complete the Master
Course, if you fail to pass the FCC examination, you will
receive a full refund of all tuition payments.
Cleveland Institute training results in job offers

like these:
Radio Operators & Technicians
American Airlines -Chicago, Detroit, St. Louis,

Cincinnati and Cleveland
-has
openings for radio
operators and radio mechanics. Operators must
have a 2nd class FCC license and ability to type
40 wpm. Many company
benefits.
Service Technician
Man needed in Cleveland,
Ohio, to service and

maintain electronic medical instruments and
equipment. Must have a

solid knowledge of electronic fundamentals. A
car is required. Company
benefits include retirement plan.
Cleveland Institute of Radio Electronics

Desk PE48.
4900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland 3, Ohio
prepared to help met

have had training or
indicated below:
Broadcasting
Home Experimenting
Telephone Company'
Other
In what kind of work

are you now engaged?
In what branch of
Electronics are youI
interested"
And our trainees get good jobs

"Investment In training really pays off"
"Thought you would like to know that in almost two
years since I completed your course and obtained my
first phone license, my pay has increased $5 per week
every six months. I don't believe any other investment

could pay off as well as this one did."
Harold E. Phipps, North Augusta, S. C.
Cleveland Institute of Radio Electronics

4900 Euclid Ave.
February, 1959
Desk PE -48
Cleveland 3, Ohio
=M
Please send Free Booklets

get ahead in Electronics. I
experience in Electronics as
Military
Radio -TV Servicing
ID Manufacturing
Amateur Radio
Age
Name
Address
lone -State
City
LIMO NM
MI
PE-4.5-
91
build your own
HEA HKIT
Don't let
'
for fun!
a lack of experience keep you
from enjoying the fun and savings of
"Do -it- yourself" kit construction. The

easy -to- follow diagrams that come with
every Heathkit insure your success. Let
our experience be your teacher -and
you'll save one -half or more over the

price of "built -up" equipment of equal
quality.
HEATH COMPANY
A subsidiary of Daystrom, Inc. BENTON HARBOR 10, MICH.
"BASIC' SPEAKER SYSTEM
RANGE EXTENDER
A -9C 20 -WATT AMPLIFIER
92
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
FM TUNER
KIT
HEATHKIT "BASIC RANGE"
HEATHKIT HIGH FIDELITY
HIGH FIDELITY SPEAKER SYSTEM KIT
Now you can have full- fidelity FM performance from

88 to 108 me at reasonable cost. Features temperature in power Model FM -34
compensated oscillator
This amazing speaker system can fulfill your present

needs and still provide for future expansion. Fine hi -fi
performance the result of using high quality speakers
in an enclosure especially designed for them. Features two Jensen speakers to cover 50 to 12,000 CPS
5 db. Power rating is 25 watts, and impewithin
dance is 16 ohms. Enclosure constructed of veneersurfaced plywood, %" thick, and measModel SS -2
ures 11'/," H x 23" W x 11Y," D. Precut
and predrilled for quick assembly.
Shpn. WI. 26 lbs.
$3995
-built
supply, and beautiful cabinet. Components prealigned at factory)

Shpg. Wt. 8 lbs.
$2595
(with cabinet)
HEATHKIT BROADBAND AM TUNER KIT

Tunes standard AM band from 550 to 1600 kc with fine
sensitivity and broadband characteristics. Features
include built -in power supply and low- Model BC -IA
distortion detector. All RF circuits pre
aligned for simplified construction.
Shpg. Wt. 9 lbs.
$2595
HEATHKIT RANGE EXTENDING

HIGH FIDELITY SPEAKER SYSTEM KIT
(wlth cabinet)
Designed especially for use with SS -2 "Basic" sys

tern. Contains 15" woofer and compression -type super
tweeter. Extends basic unit to 35-16,000 CPS, 5 db.
Impedance 16 ohms. Measures 29" H x 23" W x 17%"
D, and is constructed of %" veneer Model SS 18
surfaced plywood.
Shpg. Wt. 80 lbs.
$9995
HEATHKIT A -9C HIGH FIDELITY

AMPLIFIER KIT
HEATHKIT "MASTER CONTROL"

HI -FI PREAMPLIFIER KIT
Provides extra amplification, selection of inputs, volume and tone controls, and turnover and rolloff
controls, for Williamson -type amplifiers. Model WA -P2
Beautiful satin -gold enamel cabinet. De75
rives operating power from amplifier.
Shpg. Wt. 7 lbs.
$9
(with cabinet)
This model incorporates its own power supply and

preamplifier. Plenty of power with full 20 watt rating,
Four separate inputs, selected by panel- mounted
switch, and separate bass and treble controls. Ideal
for home or PA applications. Output transformer
tapped at 4, 8, 16 or 500 ohms. Response within
1 db from 20 to 20,000 CPS.
Model A -9(
Shpg. Wt. 23 lbs.
$35551
HEATHKIT 25 -WATT HIGH FIDELITY

AMPLIFIER KIT
25 -watt Williamson -type amplifier employs KT66 tubes and Peerless output transformer,
tapped at 4, 8, and 16 ohms. A fine amplifier for the
"deluxe" system. WA -P2 preamplifier Model W -SM
required for operation. Express only.
Shpg. Wt. 31 lbs.
Outstanding
$5975
=1:=:=4:1
Ft,
U'1ER
W -5M 25 -WATT AMPLIFIER
HEATHKITS
World's finest
electronic equipment
in kit
form...
PREAMPLIFIER
February, 1959
93
"Do- it- yourself" project

from the world's largest kit manufacturer
Choose your own
Now you can have radio

wherever you go
with the portable
HEATH COMPANY
A subsidiary of Daystrom, Inc.

BENTON HARBOR
10,
that plays anywhere!
MICHIGAN
HEATHKIT MODEL XR -1P

TRANSISTOR PORTABLE RADIO KIT
NEW LOW PRICE!
Model
XR -11
Model
$3495
XR -1P
$Z995
Note: Prices are with cabinet less batteries.
This easy to build transistor radio is designed for

lifetime operation. Features 6 name -brand (Texas
Instrument) transistors for extra good sensitivity
and selectivity. A 4" x 6" speaker for "big set" tone,
built -in rod -type antenna, and uses 6 standard
size "D" flashlight cells for extremely long battery
life (between 500 and 1,000 hours). Cabinet is two tone blue molded plastic with pull -out carrying
handle, Measures 9" L. x 7" H. x33J D. Transformers
are prealigned eliminating special alignment equipment. Shpg. Wt. 6lbs.
MODEL XR -1L: Identical to XR -1P except in
leather case. Carrying strap included. Shpg. Wt.
/"
7lbs.
HEATHKIT BROADCAST BAND

RADIO KIT
Covers 550 to 1600 kc with good sensitivity and
selectivity. Has 5%" PM speaker for good tone
quality. Features transformer power
Model BR -2
supply and built -in antenna. Signal
generator recommended for alignment. Cabinet, as shown, available

separately. Shpg. Wt. 10 lbs.
(less cabinet)
TABLE-MODEL RADIO
HEATHKIT CRYSTAL RADIO KIT

Features a sealed germanium diode to eliminate
critical "cats whisker" adjustment. Employs two
-tuning condensers for good selectivity,
Model C1-1
and covers the broadcast band from
540 to 1600 kc. Requires no external
power. Kit price includes headphones.

Shpg. Wt. 3 lbs.
$'95
CRYSTAL RADIO
HEATHKIT ENLARGER TIMER KIT

The dial of this handy timer covers 0 to one minute
calibrated in five -second gradations, so that the
timing cycle of a photographic enlarger can be
electronically controlled. Built -in relay handles up
to 350 watts, and enlarger merely plugs into receptacle of front panel. Also provision for
plugging in safe -light. An easy -to -build Model ET-1
device that makes a fine addition to $1150
any dark room. Shpg. Wt 3 lbs.
94
ENLARGER TIMER
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
HEATHKIT FUEL VAPOR DETECTOR KIT

The FD -1 is a safety device to detect fuel vapor in the
engine compartment or other sections of your boat.
The detector unit mounts in the area to be checked,
and the indicating meter and controls mount on the
control panel. Will operate intermittently or continuously, and indicates dangers of fire or explosion to
protect your boat and its passengers. 6 -volt FD-1 -6,
Models FD-1-6 (6 volts DC) and FD -1 -12 12-vt. FD -1.12
(12 volts DC) operate from boat batteries.
Kit even includes spare detector unit.
Shpg. Wt. 4 lbs.
each
$3595
HEATHKIT
RF POWER METER
KIT
This handy device measures the RF field in the

vicinity of a transmitter, whether it be marine, mobile,
fixed, etc. Requires no electricity, nor direct connection to the transmitter. Provides a continuing indication of transmitter operation. Merely place it in
proximity to the transmitter antenna and it will produce a reading on its 200 ua panel meter
when the transmitter is in use. Operates Model PM -1
with any transmitter between 100 kc and
250 mc. Includes a sensitivity control for
meter. Shpg. Wt. 2 lbs.
HEATHKIT TRANSISTOR
RADIO DIRECTION- FINDER KIT

The Heathkit Transistor Radio Direction- Finder model
DF -1 is a self- contained, self -powered, 6- transistor
super heterodyne broadcast radio receiver incorporating a directional loop antenna, indicating meter,
and integral speaker. It is designed to serve primarily
as an aid to navigation when out of sight of familiar
landmarks. It can be used not only aboard yachts.
fishing craft, tugs, and other vessels which navigate
either out of sight of land or at night, but also for the
hunter, hiker, camper, fisherman, aviator, etc. It is
powered by a 9 -volt battery. (A spare battery is also
included with the kit.) The frequency range covers the
broadcast band from 540 to 1600 kc and will double as
a portable radio. A directional high -Q ferrite antenna
is incorporated which is rotated from the front panel
to obtain a fix on a station and a ma meter serves as
the null and tuning indicator. The controls consist of:
tuning, volume and power (on -off), sensitivity, heading indicator (compass rose) and bearing indicator
(antenna index). Overall dimensions are
Model DF -1
7%" W x 5%" H x 53/8" D. Supplied with
slip -in -place mounting brackets, which
allow easy removal from ship bulkheads
or other similar places. Shpg. Wt. 4 lbs.
1
$5495
NEW! Heathkits for the boating enthusiast
FUEL VAPOR DETECTOR
RADIO DIRECTION -FINDER
POWER METER,
February, 1959
95
RF
SIGNAL GENERATOR
DX-20 TRANSMITTER
HANDITESTER
GRID DIP METER
HEATHKIT DX -20 CW TRANSMITTER KIT
HEATHKIT ETCHED -CIRCUIT VTVM KIT
This Heathkit straight -CW transmitter is one of the

most efficient rigs available today. It is ideal for the
novice, and even for the advanced -class CW operator.
It employs a 6DQ6A tube in the 50 -watt final amplifier
circuit, a 6CL6 oscillator and a 5U4GB rectifier. Single knob band switching covers 80, 40, 20, 15, 11, and 10
meters. The DX -20 is designed for crystal excitation,
but may be excited by an external VFO. Pi network output circuit is employed to match antenna Model DX -20
impedances between 50 and 1000 ohms.
95
Shpg. Wt. 19 lbs.
Sensitivity and reliability are combined in the V -7A. It

features 1% precision resistors, large 4%" panel meter,
and etched circuit board. AC (RMS) and DC voltage
ranges are 0 -1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500, and 1500. Peak -topeak AC ranges are 0-4, 14, 40, 140, 400, 1400 and
4000 volts. X1, X10, X100, X1 0k, X100k, and
Model Y -IA
X1 megohm.
Shpg. Wt. 7 lbs.
HEATHKIT GRID DIP METER KIT

An instrument of many uses for the ham, experimenter,
or service technician. Useful in locating parasitics,
neutralizing, determining resonant frequencies, etc.
Covers 2 mc to 250 mc with prewound coils. Use to
beat against unknown frequencies, or as
Model GD -1B
absorption -type wave meter.
Shpg. Wt. 4 lbs.
$2195
HEATHKIT RF SIGNAL GENERATOR KIT

Produces rf signals from 160 kc to 110 mc on fundamentals on five bands, and covers 110 mc to 220 mc on
calibrated harmonics. Output may be pure rf, rf modulated at 400 CPS, or audio at 400 CPS. Prealigned coils
eliminate the need for calibration after
Model SG-8
completion.
Shpg. Wt. 8 lbs,
9
$195
HEATHKIT HANDITESTER KIT

Measures AC or DC voltage at 0 -10, 30, 300,
1000 and
Direct current ranges are 0 -10 ma and 0 -100

ma. Ohmmeter ranges are 0 -3000 and 0- 300,000 ohms.
Sensitivity is 1000 ohms /volt. Features small size and
rugged construction in sleek black bakeModel M -1
lite case.
96
lbs.
HEATHKIT ALL-BAND RADIO KIT

This receiver covers 550 kc to 30 mc in four bands, and
is ideal for the short wave listener or beginning amateur. It provides good sensitivity and selectivity, combined with good image projection. Amateur bands
clearly marked on the illuminated dial scale. Employs
transformer-type power supply -electrical band spread
-antenna trimmer -separate rf and of gain controls
noise limiter and headphone jack. Built -in BFO for CW
reception. Cabinet, as shown, available
Model AR -3
separately.
Shpg. Wt. 12 lbs.
$2995
(less cabinet)
HEATHKIT "GENERAL PURPOSE"

5" OSCILLOSCOPE KIT
This oscilloscope sells for less than the previous model,
yet incorporates features for improved performance.
The 0M -2 provides wider vertical frequency response,
extended sweep generator coverage, and increased
stability. Vertical channel is essentially flat to over mc.
Sweep generator functions from 20 CPS to over 150 kc.
Amplifiers are push -pull, and modern etched circuits
are employed in critical parts of the design. A 5BP1
cathode ray tube is used. The scope features external
or internal sweep and sync, 1 -volt peak -to -peak reference voltage, three -position step attenuModel 0M -2
ated input, and many other "extras."
Shpg. Wt. 22 lbs.
1
5000 volts.
Shpg. Wt.
$24 50
$1795
$3995
Al a<
<a.. .. ,,
a,
7+
i,-PCIPIII
AR FI FC:TRCINIC
ALL-BAND RADIO
"GENERAL- PURPOSE" SCOPE
HEATHKITS
VACUUM TUBE VOLTMETER
TVorld's finest
FREE 1958 CATALOG
electronic equipment
Write today for this FREE

CATALOG listing more than 100
in kit
form...
"do -it- yourself" kits.
HOW TO
ORDER...
Just identify the kit you desire

by its model number and send check or
money order to address below. Don't hesitate
to ask about HEATH TIME
PAYMENT PLAN.
Pioneer in
"do-it-yourself"
electronics
HEATH
ORDER
BLANK
COMPANY A subsidiary of Daystrom, Inc.

Benton Harbor 10, Mich.
SHIP
Name
Express
Address
Zone
City
['SEND
check
for $
postage enclosed for
money order
Please ship C.O.D.
lbs
On ex-
Dress orders do not include transportation

charges -they will be collected by the ex-
February, 1959
FREE
Freight
Best Way
State
Item
Quantity
Enclosed find
VIA
Parcel Post
Model No.
Price
Heathkit Catalog
press agency at time of delivery. On parcel

post orders include postage for weight
from APO's must include

full remittance. NOTE: All prices are subect to change without notice and are
F.O.B. Benton Harbor, Mich.
shown. Orders
POSTAGE
TOTAL
97
NPIIT
B+
CARBON
MIKE
JACK
\./
Carbon Mike Input Circuit

That old carbon mike can be put to use without batteries and
matching transformers. The secret is to connect the mike in parallel with the cathode resistor (Rk) of a grounded-grid input amplifier. However, if the amplifier's cathode resistor should be
larger than 100 ohms, it is better to use the carbon mike itself
as the cathode resistor.
The schematic above shows how a d.p.d.t. switch can be wired
into the first stage of an amplifier so that the amplifier can be
used with a carbon mike or a conventional input device. When
the switch is in the "on" position, the mike will be connected into
the cathode circuit. The grid circuit will be grounded, which will
permit more gain and less distortion. Remember, the plate current
of the tube will pass through the mike -so be sure the mike and
connecting cable are well insulated.
-Glenn
Towill
Homemade Detector
You can substitute this home-brew detector for a store -bought
diode in a crystal radio. First scrape the paint from the top of a
bottle cap. Remove the carbon stem from a flashlight battery and
scrape a small pile of it on the top of the bottle cap. In the center
of the carbon dust, place a small drop of mercury, being careful not
to let the mercury touch the metal bottle cap. Make contact to the
mercury with a common straight pin
11 1
.1,..,,,,
1101.., 1,,,,,,,,,,,,
or small nail. A 11/2 -volt flashlight
battery is then connected as shown.
If the nail or pin is slightly rusty, you
will have two rectifying surfaces, one
,
between the carbon and the bottle

cap and one between the rust and the
nail itself. The tuning circuit can be
any standard arrangement.
111. 11,,,,,,
1,,,, 1,,,,,, 11,,,,
11,,,, 11,. 1,,,, 111,,, 11
1111,.w
5OO.
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nary tools. Built -in strobe disc. Noise level: 52db. $4995e, turntable only. Tonearms
$27.95; Bases
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Ir
Rek -O -Kut Co., Inc.
Dept. PE -2
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38.19 108th St.

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Please send complete information on the new Rondine
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Address
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February, 1959
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them is concerned, he must flip a coin. This
test, by the way, was conducted in a typical
living room. Loudspeakers do sound different. Whether one is superior to another can
only be determined by the ear of the person
judging it.
What CU Tested. Out of more than
500 speakers and systems on the market,
CU tested 31. This small sampling, of
course, does not in itself reflect on the value
of CU's findings, but it does seem rather
presumptious of CU to make recommendations without having checked at least a
major part of the speakers available.
Out of all the tweeters on the market,
CU tested only four and proceeded to make
recommendations on the basis of this incredibly limited range of selection. CU
rated a low -cost Japanese electrostatic
tweeter better than two of the most expensive tweeters on the market. Without going
into the merits of this particular tweeter
(it may be quite excellent), it is perhaps
unseemly for CU to go so far "overboard"
on it that they refer to it no less than 16
times in the text of the article.
Systems vs. Speakers. CU climbs onto
an unsteady limb when it says, "... none
of the separate speakers tested even when
optimally enclosed could provide the kind
of transparent sound and depth of undistorted bass demanded of a high-fidelity
loudspeaker."
In the first place, what does CU mean by
"optimally enclosed "? We assume that they
used the manufacturer's recommended enclosure for each speaker. If so, it is indeed
strange that this very vital information is
not given in the discussion that accompanies each of the tested speakers. We
would think that somewhere in the discussion there would appear something like,
"Tested in Enclosure #703 (manufacturer's
recommendation for this speaker)." Unless
the manufacturers recommendations were
followed, it is certainly unfair to compare
separate speakers with speaker systems.
The editors of POPULAR ELECTRONICS are
of the opinion that, because of the complexity of sound, as well as of the human
ear, no standards (no matter how complete
or thorough) can tell YOU what you will
enjoy best. The speaker system you should
buy is one that, after careful listening,
sounds best to YOU.
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
The More You Know About Electronics, The more you're worth!
for this FREE Booklet today!

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If you have had a high school education, and experience
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EIGHT OF OUR MOST POPULAR POLY -PAKS
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CERAMIC CONDENSERS
PRECISION RESISTORS
*
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75
30
30
75
DISC CONDENSERS
CARBON RESISTORS
POLY BOXES
TUBE SOCKETS
LOOPSTICK CORES
*
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880
880
880
880
880
880
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12
150
60
60
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20
60
8
STARRED ITEMS ON A WHILE- THEY -LAST BASIS AT THIS PRICE.
20 PILOT LITES
Mini bayonet: for pan
-880
Paper, molded, oil, porc. .0002

to .5mf, to 1000V. 2 Ibs.
6 V.
2 VARI- LOOPSTICKS
Adj. 540 -1500 Kcs. Tran
Asstd. value carbon rests- 224

tors. Incl. 5/7e. Reg. $12.
sistor radios, etc.
-880
1b.
ell. radios, etc.

100 HALF -WATTERS
2 TRANSISTOR IF'S
Double-toned.
Only b$ "88,
square- 458 kcs.
SUB
60
-MINI RESISTORS
lues: 1/5W.880
1/4" long, 20
to 10 melts. Reg, $6.
7 ROLLS WIRE
25 ft. each. C18 thru C22.
Asstd. insulation. stranding,880
colors. 2 lbs. Reg. $5.
5-IN-1 DRILL BIT

Reams,saws, shapes, drills,
copes. Fits hand or elec
-880
fric drill.
30 MOLDED CONDENSERS
4 POWER WOOD BITS
Asstd.
2 lbs.
Finest made!
Wt.880
OO
1500 PCS. HARDWARE

ws. washers,
Nuts, screws,
shers, 0k.08
11/2 lbs. Reg. $6.
20 CAMEL HAIR BRUSHES
100c, pure bristle, sines

880
1.6. Reg. $2.50.
100 HALF- WATTERS
Asstd. value carbon rosis.
tors, incl. 5'o Reg. $12. 880
WIRE STRIPPER
Strips & cuts hook up wire,

sizes Na. 16 thru No. 22.
880
Wt. 1 lb.
70 HI -Q RESISTORS
Carbon. IRC. Ohmite, 1,/r., toot
t;z. 1 & 2 W: 10 ohms to
10 megs. 2 lbs. Reg. $13.88
2 MIKE TRANSFORMERS
Carbon. Imp. 100 to 100K ohms.
Leads, encased. 2 Ills. Rrg.880
Asstd.
tors-
70
ONE -WATTERS
value carbon relis

5%. too!
-880
4 SUB -MINI VARIABLES
i a"
sq.. 1" long
For transistor,
submini work. Wt. 1 lis. Reg.880
Condensers.
shaft.
O TO 60 MIN. TIMER
For darkroom, lab, shop. kitch1$.gpd
alarm. 2 lhs.880
Reg.
10 AC /DC LINE CORDS

ft. long; rubber, plastic. For
npliances. motors, etc. 3
lb
880
Reg. $3.
6
HOW TO ORDER:I
10 ELECTROLYTICS
TV, 10 -500 nit 1088
lbs. Reg. $11.
Radio,
450
Iii -Q
VDC. 3
steel. 5s, 1/e

& 1".
For
5" long88,
Fog d$3s. presses.
1
February, 1959
FREE
WITH
EVERY ORDER!
FREE
12 -PAGE
BARGAIN FLYER
Electronics,
Jewelry, Gifts
HI -FI,
SUPPLY LIMITED!
FILAMENT TRANSFORMER
5 / /60 cycles to 6.3 VC7
1
6'
1.5A.
2 lbs.
$4.88
Reg.
5 ROLLS MICRO WIRE

24 thru 32: for tranistor & sub -minl circults.880
Sizes
1 Ibn
15 VOLUME CONTROLS
fart. duals; some /switch.$$

0
To 1 meg. 2 lbs. Reg. $12.
MINI -METER
0-6 Amps. AC.
1 lb.
Reg. $3.
14/4"
dia.880
40 SUB -MINI CONDENSERS

For transistor, printed it
nuit work. 1 lb. Reg. $7. -880
10 RCA PLUG -N -JACK
SETS, matched; must pap. amps.
tuners, phonos. Wt. 1 Ib.
880
Reg. $2.50.
10 TUBULAR ELECTROS
Asstd. paper ,pes. AC. DC,s
hobby. Wt. 3 Ills. Reg. $15.
0 -15 VAC MINI -METER
10," dia. Hundreds of .shop88,
uses.
lb.
Reg. $3.50.
TWO N -P -N TRANSISTORS
Found In hundreds of
dins. $5 value! Top
make.880
5" HOBBY SPEAKER

etc.
2880
For radios,
rode
Matches 2500 ohms. Wt.
lbs. Reg. $5.
I
15 INSTRUMENT KNOBS
Brass inserts w 'set-strew s.
W. 1pointer.
ls. Reg l $5,
E -Z
bakelite.880
ORDER BY "BLACK TYPE" HEADLINES,
6 -PC. HACKSAW SET

Asstd. blades. Shop must :880
Wt. 1 Ih. $2.50 value.
75 -FT. TV TWINLEAD
300 -ohm. flanked. tinned
880
Wt. 2 lbs. Reg. $3.50.
HEARING -AID PHONE
Crystal. w ord set-N- plug. Hundreds of hobby uses. Rcg.880
$5.
100 RADIO PARTS
Wide variety.
25 types-resistors, condensers, forms, pot.880
tot. 3 lbs. $15 value.
60 PLUGS-N- RECEPTACLES
Audio. power, line, battery.$$,
spkr. Wt. 3 lbs. Reg. $7.
300 -FT. HOOKUP WIRE
Tinned,
std. sizes, colors.88,
2 lbs. Reg. $5.
60 -PC. CONDENSER
SPECIALI
Molded, paper, ceramic, 11,88t
mica, discs, variable. 2 lbs. ."."7"
RESISTOR SPECIALI
WW. precision, carbon,
sle, Itli ni types. 3 1bs.880
W,orth $15.
20 PRINTED CIRCUITS
Built-in RC circuits, inc1.880
integrals. 1 Ib. Reg. $7.
POSTAGE STAMP MIKE
Crystal. 100 to 8,000 cycles
Per-sec. 1 lb. Reg. $7. -880
HOBBY BENCH VISE
Clamp type, fits tables, too.880
Steel. 1 Ib.
40 HI.O CONDENSERS
Finest porcelain; NPO's too!88,
Reg. $6.
1 lb.
TV PIC BOOSTER
Parallel, 6. wire.
R..50045880
picture tube life. 1 lb.
6 SILICON DIODES
Sylvania 1N22, 1N23. Reg-880
$:36.
8 TRANSISTOR SOCKETS
Mica- filled;
for sub- min088c
tubes, too.
3 AC -DC CHOKES
50 to 200
frame. 3 Ibs.
for power supplies.

ma.
Open
Reg. $0,
880
4 TRANSISTOR OSC. COILS

for printed circuit, transis -880
tor portables. Reg. $5.
SUN BATTERY
Similar farted 02M.
1
"880P
long. Reg. $2.50.
2 P -N -P TRANSISTORS
Popular make. Hundreds of
88
uses. $5 value!
TEN 3- SECOND TIMER
mechanisms.
Precision
geared. 2 Hrs. Reg. $30.
10 PANEL SWITCHES
Asstd. IIS VAC. power, multiel
t
&
SPST,
DPST,880
UPDT.
2 lbs. Reg. $5.

15 ROTARY SWITCHES
Asstd. gangs. 3 lbs. Reg.880
70 TERMINAL STRIPS
Solder lug & binding;

20 terminals. 2 Ms.
to880
65 COILS, CHOKES
11F,
uned.880
. 1s.
11-ant.,
Reg.
gg
15 -PC TWIST DRILL SET

1 /16"
thru 14" by 64ths,Q12si
w /calibrated case. Reg. $3.
75 MICA CONDENSERS
.00025 to .01 to 1200 V;
silver, too. 25 values. Reg.880
60 KNOBS, RADIO, TV
Asstd. colors, insulation. Some
worth $1 ea. 2 lbs.
Reg.88C
$17.
4 OUTPUT TRANSFORMERS
$8L6, etc. 3 lbs. Reg,880
SYLVANIA TV MIRROR
10 x 12" stainless steel.

lbs. Reg. $4.
2880
35 POWER RESISTORS
WW. 5 ro 50 W. to 10,000
ohm
s.. Vitreous inca. 3 lbs.880
8 -PC. NUTDRIVER SET
$3 value. Plastic handle: 3/16"
7/16" socket wrenches.880
1 Ib.
$25 SURPRISE PACKI

Targe. varied assortment ra880
din. TV parts. 3 lbs.
8 SCREWDRIVERS & RACK
Asstd, srre 'drivers w /plastic
handles; wall rack. 1 Il,.880
List. $3.50.
WORLD'S SMALLEST RADIO
2 x 1 x 1 ". Kit Includes loop stick. Jacks, diode. tc.. w'/
un su'uc[lot's.
1
Ib. Reg. $3. 880
i.e.
150 CERAMIC CONDENSERS, 89

State price with each item. Send check or M.O. including sufficient postage; excess returned. C.O.D. orders, 250/ down; rated, net 30 days. INCLUDE POSTAL ZONE in address. (Canada postage, 484, 1st lb.; 284 ea.
addl. lb.)
FREE!
SURPRISE GIFT
PICK ELEVENTH FREE!
70 TUBULAR CONDENSERS
Reg. $14.
890
890
890
890
890
890
890
890
BUY TEN POLY -PAKS LISTED BELOW,
FREE:
880
for
for
for
for
for
for
for
for
131 -133 EVERETT AVE.
LEKTRON
CHELSEA 50, MASS.
103
SHIPPED ON APPROVAL
_T tNE 0TESTER !
Check all power rectifiers incircuit
an
COND
CONDENSER
IN-C_
whether SELENIUM,
GERMANIUM,
THAT DOES
steps in
The CT -1 actually
all
SILICON, etc.
where
and takes over
other incircuit condenser
ingenious
testers fail. The
dual
application of a
with the
IN- CIRCUIT
gives the
of operatremendous range
it art
principle
...
and makes
RECTIFIER
tion
for every
absolute 'must'
serviceman.
TESTER
IN- CIRCUIT
CONDENSER
TESTER cT;I
in
complete
Quality
ir
checks:
out-of- circuitdche
(
100
yet
SIMPLE TO OPERATE
Multi -Color direct
ALL CENTURY INSTRUMENTS

ARE GUARANTEED FOR ONE FULL YEAR
The extremely low prices are made possible because
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Isolated
TRANSITOR TESTER
more
and car radios
day .more, and
industran amplifiers,bad the
using transistors
intercoms,
hearing aids, Since
transistors
transistor
can
etcThey
eto
is
devices,
trial
TESTER
d for TRANSISTOR
need
neein
dead short.
... sensitive
Just clip SRT -1 test leads across rectifier

circuit without disconnecting rectifier under test right in the
from circuit. Press test
switch and get an instant indication
on the easy -to -read three color meter scales...
FEATURES
Every
Separate meter scales for incircuit

and out -of-circuit tests.
Cannot damage or over heat rectifier
being tested.
2 tube
capacity
Ultra- sensitivereadings
fBubboth
L
to
readings of circuit
scale
Simultaneous
indicator sensitive
or out of circuit)
circuitomponentscy
gohmse
resistance
re
damage
circuit
ci300it
Cannot
and
for even greater
over 300 megohms
balance indicator
ower line
power
excessive
FOR:
Arcing P. Life Expectancy
Will not blow fuses even when connected

to
Large 3" highly accurate multi -color
meter
rugged.
develop
d
Opens
OUTSTANDING FEATURES
to .5 mfd.
from 50 mmfd.
hold a
(the ability to
Value of all condensers
condensers
electrolytic
Quality of all
megohms
compoleakage up to 300
High resistance
transformer, socket,
unknown
or
leakage capacity
nent
drift
Shorts
Checks all types of power rectifiers

rated from 10 ma. to
500 ma. (selenium, germanium, silicon,
etc.) both incircuit or
out-of- circuit.
opens
...(leakage, shorts,
OUTSTANDING
-free circuitry
Fading
and
an
$295
Net
THE SRT -1 CHECKS ALL POWER RECTIFIERS

IN- CIRCUIT
AND OUT -OF- CIRCUIT WITH 100%
EFFECTIVENESS
with circuit shunt
condensers eve
ntermitents)
Quality of over e0%...(leakage, shorts, opens, mfd.
present
.5
resistance
200 mmfd. to
from
ability to hold
Value of all condensers
condensers (the
Quality of all electrolytic
charge)
wiring leakage capacity
y Transformer, socket and
towards compactness, portability and low price, TV manufacturers are resorting more
and more to producing series
string TV sets employing se
mum, germanium or silicon
power rectifiers. Now the need
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is greater than ever.
-
complete with test

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incircuit checks:

of all
-t-
SRT
housed
sturdy hammertone
finish steel case
i3345u
S
housed in sturdy
Model CT -1 finish
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hammertone test leads only
with
y Qualityof
SRT tl
With the growing trend
Model TT -2
poor gain,
leakage,
shorts or
or
quality instrument
4
opens.
all
tests
an inexpensive
The TT -2 is accurate and ddependable accurately.
f all
sus
n and
designed forand diodes -quickly
transistors
FEATURES
types for cur-,

tyP
and unijunction
current
forward to reverse
forward
for
diodes
than half at
all
Less
including car
cutof rrent Checks
gain o not r il extremely
Le
rated
Checks all transistors,
shorts,
ens,
o
P
is meter
if
ar
Large
readings Model TT -2 i n
gam, leakage,
made
or diodes
for qquick easy
housedhamAll tests can tests of either transistors
small, service
i n
scales designed
for
current drain so
multi -colorf -volt
shorting of sturdy finish
minute required
battery...with
accidental
rugged
rugit
to
test
replace
due
to
under
easy
drained
sensitive yet
an
a
e
,o
h
diode
6Y
or
.
'ed
r
ca
e l case
cannot damage
rig
steel
transistor
Battery
transisPower ,s supplied
life.
a
If
or
remove
to shelf
own
without entirely connection to thee complete with
life almost eq ciel
burn-out itstest
..
enable
clips cria
set -up chart test leads
test leads Cannot
E.I.pcolor
and insulated
only
eplaceable transistor
Long test leads
with
e
et
complete
rComes
tor frft
earl
is assured ompartment.
as
o
Net
correct terminal
all
easel rear compartment.
become obsolete
special
The TT 2 cannot red to enable y ou to check
that fits into a
at no cost.
ed. ry is engines
be furnished
OUTSTANDING
tetra
output, triode,
power
IMPORTANTas they
new type transistors
104
New
ew listings will
N
are introduced.
EASY TO BUY IF SATISFIED

see order form on facing page
n- POPULAR
If
ELECTRONICS
Convince yourself at no risk that CENTURY instruments are indispensable in your every day work. Send
for instruments of your choice without obligation ...
without any
only then, when satisfied, pay in easy -to -buy monthly installments
financing or carrying charges added.
FOR 10 DAY FREE TRIAL

try them for 10 days before you buy
STIL
THE BEST
...
SE
0EFor those looking

for a real
NOMY
MULTIPLE
CO
FIELD
IN
TUBE TESTER
TESTER
BE
FAST- CHECK TU
testi-
SOCKET
TUBE TESTER
without sacrificing
ACCURACY, SPEED and
VERSATILITY
The greatest
monial ever paid

.
MINI -CHECK TUBE TESTER

Model
an instrument
sold
over 20,000
in a
than
Irk)
It +
e
little
a
more
MC -1
year -and
still selling as
produce them
***Si
Here is
many servicemen choose the

FAST -CHECK
above all other
tube testers
regardless of
price.
SIZE: W: 14r/
0: 43/8"
H: 11V
housed in handModel FC-2 carrying
case coo
Net
n
rubbed
adapter
CR7
with
plate
TUBE TESTER
on the FAST.CHECK
SECONDS!
$6950
settings
check all
Enables you to (i
picture tubes
110
short-neck
new
the
for cathode
degree type)
and lite
emission, shorts to reju
expectancy .also tubes.
senate weak picture
tester made
No other tube
match the
at any price can -CHECK.
FAST
value of the
.
II
Model MC -1
;.1-0
only
RANGE OFofOPERATION
over
u0eoubyopmc
V Checks quality
time proven
employing the test.
emission
iule vers re
in
all tt
than
cathiode
the newest seriesstring
tubes. OZ s,
platevolt
12
magic auto
regulators, special
eye tubes, gas and even foreign
magic ey
purpose hi -fi tubes
shorts and
tubes.
for inter- element
cokage.
^t
gas conte
Checks for g.
are re
o
only two settings
IMPORTANT
testers
mulot
conventional
tube
consuming
inf switcheschart listing iona 7te roll types
No time
bhec
chart
of
quired insteadchart
New i i ngse
without costlyand if only
are added
tubes
annoying rots
cover. New listings f multisecton
scnly
on the mntei
is located resideChecks each sectionwill read
n
need replacement
the tube
replacement is
never
n
4ie
tube
section
beryllium
snz
mounted on
4' "
phosphor bronze
the
for low
meter
and
sensitive
aiiabsayeton 12 hated
is the most forout e
type meter
al ecpe
ompensati for line voltage atorst Li
2 f iatede
sa
protected est
short jewel indicators
and
purrtio
gas
ga
aluminum panel.
parate
Se
Separate
etched
lasting
positions
Leng
no shock hazards
cannot
es as
future tube types
a
NOTE: The Fast-Check to accommodate all
periodically
neered
are furnished
circuicry is engineered
listings
tube
New
out.
come
,fia,,,,
*of-
..
,,....,..-_
'
... _..--...,...
housed in
sturdy wrinkle finish steel
case
AND
V
fees*
in price it boasts
a
unique Circuitry that
enables you to check
over 600 tube types

and has a range of operation that far exceeds
others in its price class.
completely, accurately
100 tube types
CHECK
FASTCHECK
INCLUDED WITH
multiple
to
lust
socket tube tester designed to meet limited

budgets. Although low
See for yourself

so
at no risk why
4a
50
SIZE: w: 9'
H: 81/2'
D:
2%'
OUTSTANDING FEATURES
Checks
emission,
600 tube types. This inter element shorts and leakage of
covers 024s, series-string
over
regulators, auto
TV tubes, gas
volt,
t ngsenable a tesplate
Employs dynamic of any tube in dlesse than 10
D'Arsonval type metercathode emission test principle seconds

most accurate type available 31/z"
greater sensitivity
.., its
means longer life means more accuracy.., its jewel bearing
17 long lasting phosphor
sock
Combination gas and
bronze
short jewel indicator tube9
f
els
Handy tube chart contained
phack compositions
in special
New tube
at no cost
Detahab a line rcord gs furnished periodically
plus
these BONUS FEATURES...

found
in no other low price
tube tester
Checks for cathode to
heater shorts
Checks for
gas content
Checks all sections of
multiple purpose tubes . .. will pickup
tubes
with
one
"Bad"
section
Line isolated
iable load control enables no shock hazard co Varyou to get accurate results
on all tubes
Positively cannot become
obsolete
as new tube types
are introduced.
at no cost.
CONVENIENT TIME PAYMENT PLAN -
NO INTEREST OR
FINANCING CHARGES
CENTURY ELECTRONICS CO., INC.

CHECK INSTRUMENTS DESIRED
-1
I_J
$34.50
Model CT-1 InCircuit Condenser Tester
$9.50 within 10 days. Balance $5 monthly for 5 months.
$29.50
OModel SRT -1 In- Circuit Rectifier Tester
$4.50 within 10 days. Balance $5 monthly for 5 months.
Model
7-1
LJ
ri
L
TT -2
Transistor Tester
Prices Net
February, 1959
302, Mineola, New York
$24.50
Balance $5 monthly for 4 months.

Tube Tester
.$69.50
Balance $11 monthly for 5 months.
.$39.50
Tube Tester
Balance 56 monthly for 5 months.
F.O.B. Mineola, N. Y.
$4.50 within 10 days.

Model FC -2 Fast -Check
$14.50 within 10 days.
Model MC -1 Mini -Check
59.50 within 10 days.
111 Roosevelt Avenue, Dept.
Please rush the instruments checked for a 10 day free trial. If satisfied I agree to pay
the down payment within 30 days and the monthly installmerts as shown. If not
completely satisfied I will return the instruments within 10 days and there is no
further obligation. It is undestood there will be NO INTEREST or FINANCING
charges added.
Name
Please print clearly
Address
City
State
105
Duo -Flex Speaker System

(which in the case of the Duo -Flex is about
90 cycles) there is minimum output from
the speaker and maximum from the port.
Total output of the system remains constant, however, until the system rolls off
at about 45 -50 cycles. The surprisingly
clean tone at 40 cycles testifies to the effectiveness of the bass -reflex design.
The over-all impression of the Duo -Flex,
as confirmed by several qualified listeners,
is one of clean sound with a clarity in the
bass hard to believe considering the size of
the system. When you take into account
its total cost (under $15.00), the Duo -Flex's
performance is really astonishing.
30
3"--l-
CLEATS
14"
14
II%2"
Is---
14
"-
I_---
tube we
them
Guarantee
ered bywear Full Refund
today for new
he the judge! Send
".
"PE
Price List
SURPLUS SALE
$2.29 PPD.
110 TO 220 VOLT TRANSFORMER
Govt. step -up or step-down auto
type. Rated 750-w but will handle
1000.w. Run 220 -volt devices on
110 -volts ur visa versa. Wonderful
buy. leading make Wt. 131'2 tbs.
Size
71:,
x41s, ".
Govt.
cost
$35 50. SA1.1?
$13.97 FOB
MOBILE AUDIO AMPLIFIER

Govt. compact audio 2 -watt
amplifier mixer. Operates from
12 -v battery. Built -in dynamotor. Full controls. New. Size
41/2 "x9 "x9 ". Wt. 18 Ills. Cost
$9.79 FOB
$135. SALE
12
Get This Modern

Sturdy Tube Tester
SALE
18
....._.I
15
I/2"
BE YOUR OWN BOSS
ZAIYIRRN
LOW PASS AUDIO FILTER

precision expensive low pass filter.
CGovt.ff al] freuuencies above 2350-cycles.
uts
oFascinating and useful experimental
laboratory unit.
Use hang rigs, audio experiments.
telephone lines, hi- fidelity tests. etc.
600 -ohm impudence in and out. Size
3 "x1 ', "x5". Wt. 2 lbs. Cost $18.50.
-1 141- --.
1'
12
RUN A SELF- SERVICE

TUBE BUSINESS
Tubes for TV -Radio Service

men, Dealers, Experimenters.
Tubes are
Nationally sold ZALYTRON
Tubes, priced low to
BRAND NEW Quality
your area
in
competition
help you meet
perform as well and
and guaranteed -tp
higher
as long
ll buy
onc you'll
hy pay more? Try them
Why
cov-
106
INAM=RMRIER=v
iza
BOTTOM
TUBES
iW
J
Ztr{
w
D.o
_SIDE=
-YEAR GUARANTEE
';
10511=111
DEPENDABLE TV -RADIO
.111113111
141-5'H
FREE
with "Package Deal" order

for nationally
sold
ZALYTRON Quality Brand
Receiving
show you how to start a successful Tubes. We'll
Tube
Tester
Route, and get YOUR
share of today's
Big
Profits in Self- Service
Tube Sales! This is no
"Get-Rich-Quick"
solid,
business that kwillc reward
you
WORK at it. But, INVESTIGATE
before you INVEST! Get full details
on the best "Deal" now
being offered, send today
for our booklet "P"
ZALYTiQON
GOVT. SURPLUS
EBANKRUPT STOCK
[
[[
GEIGER TYPE TUBES
Re
We have Just been
`3
awarded 7.500 brand new
Navy surplus Geiger Counter Tubes. Wonderful for home experimenter. Use in many
fascinating ways as radiation counter
its.
Tube
long,
di m. INo Illustration ava tlable at time of go ing to ppress.!
Ceramic steel construction. Mica uvinmos
Halogen gas Ailed. This is one of our most
outstanding buys. Est. Govt. Cost over $10.
SALE
69f. Three for $2.00 Prepaid.
(Note: minimum order-$1.)
ELECTRIC CAR MOTOR
Powerful Govt. gear reduction motor. Make golf.
boy's. invalid's car. Go anywhere. Reversible. Runs on
6 or 12 volts. Wt. 37 lbs
$19.72 F013
Cost $295. SALE
TUBE CORPORATION
220 West 42nd St., N.
Y.
36, N.
Y.
SPECIAL OF THE MONTH!

PORTABLE POWER PLANT
1500 -w, 115 -v, 60 -e
We offer 47 units factory
overstock leading make AC

plants. Latest model. Briggs
engine, ball bearing.
Ideal size for emergency power,

portable tools, camping, etc. Wt. 130
List $275. SALE..
G. E. THYRATRON TUBE
Expensive fascinating type GI.-299

industrial gas relay tubes. Hundreds experimental-practical applications.
Full data. Cost over $8.
$2.69 PPD.
SALE
G.E.
_FOB
$199.61
STANDARD DIAL TELEPHONE

Modern hi- Rcien
atlrortly
Use for extension h
main line on private ccstem.
Phone.
Ues
several or
-stem etc.
complete Private
Complete
with
ringer. dial. etc. Work on any

te
C
t e t $vim O
SALE
$9.95 PPD.
ORDER FROM AD or get free catalog.
SURPLUS CENTER
864 West "O" St.. Lincoln. Nebr.
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
As a former serviceman, your skill could

be valuable to the U. S. Air Force. If so,
the Air Force has an important job and a

guaranteed future waiting for you in this
new Age of Space. You'll work with the
most modern equipment and learn the
newest techniques of your specialty. And
don't forget: your previous service counts
toward rank, pay and retirement income.
Talk it over with your local Air Force Recruiter, or mail the coupon.
RMEP
ERr CEMEN:
YOUR EXPERIENCE
CAN MEAN A
GUARANTEED
FUTURE
IN THE
NEW AGE OF SPACE
BE A SPECIALIST IN THE U.S. AIR FORCE

PASTE ON POSTAL CARD AND MAIL TO:
Prior Service Information, Dept. PE -13321
Box 7608, Washington 4, D. C.

Please send me more information on the Air Force Prior Service
Program.
Name
Address
City
February, 1959
AgP
Zone_State
107
products
$7509
monaural applications. Available factory wired for $99.50, the Stereo 20-20 may also
be obtained in kit form for $69.50. (Acro
Products Co., 369 Shurs Lane, Philadelphia
28, Pa.)
AUTOMATIC AUTO ALARM
New, modern -design equipment and speaker cabinet by

Artizans of New England fits all HI -FI equipment. This
economical READY TO ASSEMBLE KIT includes everything from hidden steel reinforcing spline for ease of
assembly, to finishing stain. A complete line of advanced- contemporary speaker and /or equipment cabinet kits in many hardwoods, are yours at prices you'd
never dream possible. FINISHED CABINETS in many
periods are also available in either individual or
combined speaker and equipment cabinets. Satisfaction Guaranteed. See your local dealer or order direct.
Send for FREE brochure from:
The "Police Auto Alarm" attaches to the

inside of your car's hood and sets off your
horn when anyone tries to tamper with any
part of your car. Easily wired into 6- or
12 -volt systems, the alarm stops automatically when tampering is halted. Price, $9.95
postpaid. An optional on -off key switch can
be mounted on the outside of
Price,
$2.50. (Gregory Sales Co., 316 Marion Bldg.,
Cleveland 13, Ohio.)
tsar.
After Class
OF NEW ENGLAND
7,
DEPT.
ROUTE
39, SHERMAN, CONNECTICUT
D MYSTERY PACKAGE
'24I
of
US. AIR rum...
KEW
"""
B -29
the center and, making sure that the protective resistor switch is open, tap the key
while you watch the meter. The deflection
will probably be large. Now slide the prod
along the wire in the direction that causes
the deflection to decrease. If you have to go
to either end of the slide wire before reach-
ELECTRONIC PARTS
/,a
BOMBSIGHT
cost u.s. Govt.
Answers to Electronic Sticklers

on page 86
$25,000.00
YOU FRY
Both of Mr. Buzz's bells will ring continuously when the switches are not closed.
1.
$40.Do
STEEL STORAGE
LOCK
CASE with KEY
Precision Bearings
Lensef
Ground Optic
AIM
I
...Not
OF
It's An fiver THRILLING
HERSHEL
20
Gyrasdeps
IBC
Contains Over
SwneMS
ereEe
.,,soo00 ARTWNERE
1130111.
IN
t 395
worth
INCLUDES.
3314e13,M,1ED
Salal
NEW
rSe
Surplu
.. ,$1295
SALE PRICE
Complete -Less Board
Includes
12"
Woofer -Two
Furnished.
3'S"
Twrelert Choke Inyut

Brilliance Control. Dia.
Frog- Rescone 40 to 18,000.
Croc -Beer Condenser
and
SHIPPED ANYWHERE IN
HERsNE
U.S.A.
Phone
FREE!
TYlsrg-9300
RAllltio
5249 GRAND RIVER

108
Detroit
Perfect
for Hams, etc.
U.S.A. tOEE!
3 -WAY HI -FI SPEAKER KIT

$39.95 VALUE
with
SURPRISE.
usableB Govt.
8,
Michigan
gift
2. Joe had better go out and get a d.p.d.f.

switch quick. When he forgets to throw switch
Y at the same time he throws switch X, the
fuses will start popping.
3. Look closely! All 100-ohm resistors are in
parallel- It would be better if Harold replaced this mixed -up network with a 25 -ohm
resistor.
4. Harold found this one too tough to work
out. He cheated by using an ohmmeter -the
meter read 83.3 ohms.
If you know of a tricky Electronic Stickler,

it to the editors of POPULAR ELECTRONICS. If it is accepted, we will send you
a $5 check.
Write each Stickler you would
like to submit on the back of a postcard. Submit as many postcards as you like but, please,
just one Stickler per postcard. Send to: POPsend
ULAR ELECTRONICS STICKLERS, One Park

Ave., New York 16, N. Y. Sorry, but we will
not be able to return unused Sticklers.
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
for an tube
ELECTRIC
COMPANY
BRIGHTENER ON ORDERS
OF $10.00 OR MORE
FREE TUBE
FREE
POSTAGE IN
U.S.A
ANNOUNCING OUR NEW PRICE SCHEDULE

Effective July 25, 1958 all tubes (Rodeo & Television receiving) will be sold and shipped at the fantastic price of
only .48c ea. or 545.00 per hundred. Any "on hand"
orders at that time will receive &edit for future purchases.
ALL TUBES
GUARANTEED
ONE FULL YEAR...
ADVERTISED HEREIN ARE NOT NECESSARILY NEW

BE ELECTRICALLY PERFECT FACTORY SECONDS
OR USED TUBES AND ARE SO MARKED
THE TUBES
TUBES BUT
8 TERRITORIES
MAY
NOTE.
All TV, & Radio Tubes are tested by our supplier under
actual conditions in Radio & TV chassis or in Hickock Tube
Testers Model 533A.
And, of course, the famous Standard Line guarantee remains in effect: All tubes guaranteed to be replaced free
if they foil to function efficiently within one year's time.
(defective tubes must be returned intact, postage paid.
Refunds will be cheerfully made within five (5) days if
not completely satisfied.)
062
074
IASGT
3AIS
MGT
3AU6
3AV6
SW4GT
66E6
6115
5X40
66060
IA7GT
MGT
5X0
66X6
3886
3105
6560T
6s7
65671
51301
6606
6SC7
717
1C5GT
36E6
STAG
6816
MIS
IC6
IC7
30N6
30U8
3016
513
314
6A8
6685
68K7
661701
65176507
3816
302
3066
3CF6
3CS6
3DT6
RAM
606
6C7
6F6
6805
304
6H6
1N4G
1NSGT
116
1LA4
1 LA6
I1.64
11C3
1106
6G7
680401
65147
7K7
7L7
7N7
35/51
35A5
3565
35C5
35160T
35W4
6517
707
12160T
6507
7R7
600601
6607
6SL7GT
6606
6600
6815G
6826
6027
6507
757
7V7
7W7
7X6
7X7
12W6GT
1234
1213
352401
352501
6u4GT
714
714
14AF7
1466
1417
1418
6CA
6C5
6US
DAWO
14147
668
613
65607
12A0
12A05
14117
5005
1407
SOCS
12805
1457
SOC6G
12816
12617
17A34GT 52L6GT
17006
SOY6
12866
12807
19AU4
198G6G
19C8
1916
1918
1930
25ACS
50Y7
12AV6
126V7
12AX4G1
128X7
12A17
1284
2561501 117170T
12066
25AX401
784
705
786
787
760
128E6
12816
2581(5
12007
12805
12006
25CD6G
7C4
7C5
'co
12007
12CA5
12CU6
25L6GT
25W4GT
2525
25Z6
7C7
12206
rr 17
7E6
7E7
1215
65N7GT
6507
614
618
305GT
6805
IINS
354
6AK6
1NSGT
1PSGT
314
GAIS
Rece
4007A
681701
6M0
6N8
6C05
1oSGT
IRS
1fS
4000
4617
6a5
6CF6
6W4GT
6WAGT
6806
6C07
604
4C16
S8MO
6A07GT
6CG8
614501
6ARS
ECHO
6X0
SANO
6855
6S8
1V2
SA05
5658
1X2
SATO
2A3
2A5
2A7
28F4A
207
24N4
2821
5650
6C16
6CM6
6CM7
6CN7
6C6
6v6G
784
785
766
787
760
5827
68X401
TES
3C08
2X28
382
3A3
364
385
516
6AXSGT
6A18
LH4
114
ITSGT
104
IUS
1V
4656
SAWA
56X4
30K7
3108
5807
6816
6AU4GT
6AUSGT
6U6
6AU8
6AVSGT
6V6
6AW8
ST8
SUO
6886
SU4G
RICO
5546
6006
6805
ALL RECEIVING
'thousands
32170T
125A7
125G7
12517
125K7
125N7GT
17507
12S17
6006
6C060
6006
6006
6016
6E5
6H6
614
615
616
6K6GT
637
646
647
TUBES SENT
POSTAGE
7F7
7F8
7G7
7H7
121601
14A7
25806
25016
30
031
PAID.
35Y4
037
41
mt
WhenRace.
ed
00
42.00
1I
i4N
Y 29.'44
42
43
ese
10" . .... $13.00

0.00
$30.00 22"
.....
oB
10'1
'table
pecnonsleYitra
Meese
a
IK1n
To
tvs
ordering
Ordering
.'t'
SRAD
When
W
el
nteed
of
Model
.tom
1207
614
orde Ong reo .ring tabes be tine so

for eoch Nbs or 345.00 per handed
When
484
s$49.0
"
60' oblel
.$95ep0
$ 9.00
1'.0.8: cur
bol
or
5Ol8
Gel vors$efnt
4S
ouse
57
,l0`
F QEE
Any 1007
.^.58
tte0
S81
117L7GT
1I7N7GT
11713
1171407
117Z6GT
807
9002
9003
9006
Any 1207
Any 1400
sh
mOfe' 0AP0
047
SOA5
rryy'pN-E
1000
'
alb peach
TV Pat,:ase
below is
our new
These
Price schedule
famous
Parts with ,
n'oke iubes
PIX tubes.
Cone
which does
ear
f!
n of
nor
the Bfass new
f wear out.
Tus_
995
Tobe
70:95
13.95
eeC
v ti
lea.
Only
$45 Per Hundred
ANY TYPE
ANY QUANTITY
An 716'4
Any
Any
77" Tube19" Tube
any 21 rs
Prices
bulb
Tube.
15.25
-
18.29
20.29
Qaes 24.29
Tube
Larger
04 Request
Remember
NO Dud Required.
All tubes guaranteed on/n year.
Picture Tubas
Harrison, N. J.
shipped
F.0.8.
Please rend 250 handling

orders under 55.00 Send 25'1,
deposit on C.O.D. orders and please ',end approximate portage
on Canadian and Foreign orders.
For
Above
is only a partial list

order any type at the
price or end for free tube list and ruder blank.
have over s 5,000 tube types on band or ar easy
access, including special purps,., industrial and trans misting tubes which are slightly higher.
Wee
February, 1959
432 HARRISON AVENUE, HARRISON, N.
J.
ELECTRIC COMPANY
Phone: HUmboldt 4.4997
109
AT NEWSSTANDS NOW...
MAIL TODAY!
OR ORDER BY
ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTER'S HANDBOOK

FEATURES 50 NEW PROJECTS
FOR DO- IT- YOURSELFERS!
If you like to build useful, money -saving electronic

devices and experiment with new projects, the 1959
ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTER'S HANDBOOK is for you.
You'll find step -by -step instructions, hundreds of photos
and illustrations, drawings and unique "pictorial

diagrams."
Each project has been pre- tested and operated by
readers of Popular Electronics. Last year's edition of the
ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTER'S HANDBOOK
at many newsstands.
was a sellout
sure to pick up the 1959 Edition today at your news a copy, using the handy coupon below.
Only $1.00, the 1959 ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTER'S
HANDBOOK is a terrific buy!
Be
stand-or send for
over 160 pages...300 illustrations

Transistorized pre amp and control unit. One -tube hi -fi
AM tuner. Tuner and audio radio.
Make your own phonograph arm.
Hi -fi slave. Switch to stereo. Slot -box
your speaker. Personal stereo player.
Suit your volume with a 'I-pad.
FOR YOUR HI -FI.
FOR YOUR
HAM SHACK. Simple H.F.
meter. The semiconductor space

spanner. Card lile transmitter.
FOR THE EXPERIMENTER.
Ilow to make
parts substitutions. How to use Decals, Put Pots to work.
Transisoutlet. Convert
transistor set for car. "Auto-Fi."
'Fransihnrn.
FOR YOUR CAR AND BOAT.
tors
replace
RECEIVERS.
wall
Build
"Half- Pack."
Mono -receiver to pull in DX. Pocket

FM receiver converter for daytime
Dx.
FOR YOUR WORKSHOP. Pocket size

test instrument. Square -wave generator for audio tests. Check your A.C.
calibration. Transistor test power
supply.
FOR YOUR HOME.
"conversa-
Flash light
ELECTRONIC GAMES. The Quizzonutt.
A lively "Warmth Meter." Win at

Nim with Debicon. Tic -Tac -Toe mate.
Compute with Pots. Games with
Nixie tubes. Bullets of light. Catch
the vanishing ball.
PICK UP YOUR COPY OF THE
1959 EDITION OF THE ELECTRONIC

EXPERIMENTER'S HANDBOOK TODAY
AT YOUR NEWSSTAND OR RADIO
PARTS STORE -OR ORDER BY MAIL,
USING HANDY COUPON. ONLY $1.00.
with transistors. Trap

unwanted stations. Conelrad your
home. Battery -operated proximity re-
lay. Make your own disc records. A

clown for the kids. Two -set coupler.
Simpla- timer. Transistorized photoflash. Electric shutter release.
Ziff.Davis Publishing Company

Department E29
434 South Wabash Avenue
Chicago 5, Illinois
Please send me a copy of the 1959 ELECTRONIC
EXPERIMENTER'S HANDBOOK. I enclose $1.00, the
cost of the HANDBOOK, plus 10c to cover mailing
and handling charges. (Canada and Foreign, $1.25
plus 10c postage).
NAME
ADDRESS
STATE
CITY
IIQ
Build
tion piece." Electronic secretary.
in- POPULAR
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ing zero, R2 has been incorrectly selected

try another value.
When you finally obtain a zero reading
with the test prod at least 3" away from

an end of the wire, close the knife switch
(this short -circuits the protective resistor)
and again tap the key. The instrument will
now be very sensitive, so inch your way
along the wire until you again obtain zero
deflection. Note the length AD (R3) and
DC (R4) on the yardstick; then merely
substitute in the last equation and solve for
the value of Rx.
For example, let's say that an unknown
resistor of about 10,000 ohms is to be
measured. R2 is chosen as 10,000 ohms
(1 %) and the slide -wire bridge manipulated
until the galvanometer shows balance.
Length AD turns out to be 46.4 centimeters
on the meter stick. Hence, length DC must
be 53.6 cm. since one meter contains 100
cm. Thus
Rx = R2 X R3 /R4
Rx = 10,000 X 46.4/53.6
Rx = 8660 ohms 1%
The Wheatstone bridge principle is not
limited to simple resistance measurements.
:
In modified form, it can be used for determining unknown capacitances and inductances, for measuring gain of electron tubes
(in the form of a Miller bridge), detection
of leakage in insulation, and many other
important applications. A modified Wheatstone bridge, the series resistance- capacitance bridge, will be described in After
Class in the March issue.
30
Like a Technician's Job?

cians may find themselves dealing with

company presidents as well as people walking in off the street. They must be able to
meet, converse, and associate with people
at all levels.
Q. Do
your technicians supervise
other
people?
A. Yes.
In fact, leadership qualities are

very important. We're looking for people
who can supervise a whole maintenance
group. Our technicians should eventually
be able to handle all situations which arise.
A technician is sometimes under heavy
pressure. To test his ability in this field, we
Just For Examining COYNE'S New Set
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days; get the
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February, 1959
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Educational Book Publishing Division

COYNE ELECTRICAL SCHOOL, Dept. 29 -PE
YES! Send 7- Volume "Applied Practical Radio -Television" for 7 days
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nook FREE.
Name
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Address
Educational Book Publishing Division
COYNE
7- volume set on 7 days free trial. We'll include book of 150 TVRadio Patterns & Diagrams. If you keep the set, pay $3 in 7 days and $3 per month until
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Before
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may ask him "How would you react if-?"

Then we describe various situations which
could arise, and analyze his response to
these problems.
Q.
M what age
level are your technicians?
average age is 24. We have men

as young as 20 and men well past 40. Age
is not the important thing. It's a man's
ability that counts. Attitude is most important. We like the person who's looking
five years ahead rather than to immediate
salary benefits. We like people with the
initiative and the ability to plan their lives
several years in advance.
A. The
Q. In general, what do you think is the

future for careers in the computer field?
A. To enter electronics via the large scale
computer field is difficult -only one man in
fifteen interviewed by our department is
hired. Those who make it, however, are
well seated in the golden chair of opportunity. This is a young industry and will
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technicians who are the backbone of it.
Challenge, opportunity, security, satisfaction, and prestige are all part of the package available.
4311
Inside the Preamplifier

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24
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Say you stur it in

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T.I. training leads to success
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Assoc. degree In 29 trios. B. S. obtainable. ECPD accredited. G.I.
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VALPARAISO TECHNICAL INSTITUTE
i
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Dept. PE
VALPARAISO, INDIANA
supplies almost invariably have some means

of balancing out, or otherwise minimizing,
the hum from the filament circuit. The most
common means is the use of a hum- balancing potentiometer as indicated in Fig. 2(A).
If the two halves of the tube filament circuit are exactly balanced, the hum will be
largely cancelled out.
A better way to minimize hum is to apply
a positive bias to the filaments. This is done
by tapping off, with a voltage divider, about
35 volts of the B4- voltage supply and applying it to the slider on the hum -balancing
potentiometer. Biasing provides an additional improvement over that yielded by
hum balancing alone.
In integrated amplifiers, where the output tubes are on the same chassis as the
preamplifier, you'll frequently come across
the circuit shown in Fig. 2(B). Here, the
bias developed across the cathode resistor
of the output tubes is used as a convenient
source of the 20 -30 volt d.c. bias.
When a magnetic pickup of medium sensitivity-about 10 millivolts -is to be used,
the preamplifier should have at least a hum Always say you saw it
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
Reg. U. S.
Pat. Off.
BUILD 16 RADIO
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TELEVISION BOOK
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MEMBERSHIP IN RADIO -TV CLUB:
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PRINTED CIRCUITRY
The "Edu -Kit" offers you an outstanding PRACTICAL HOME RADIO COURSE at a
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You will learn how l to build radios, using regular schematics; how to wire and solder
how to sservice radios. You will work with the standard type of
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punched metal chassis as well as the latest development of Printed Circuit chassis.
You will learn the basic principles of radio. You will construct, study and work with
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You will receive training for the Novice, Technician and General Classes of F.C.C. Radio
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Absolutely no previous knowledge of radio or science is required. The "Edu -Kit" is the
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SERVICING LESSONS
You will learn troubleshooting and
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Will practcea repairs one thmanner. that
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Whether you are inter
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PROGRESSIVE TEACHING METHOD

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The Progressive Radio "Edu -Kit"
i
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m
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I
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THE "EDU -KIT" IS COMPLETE

You will receive all parts and instructions necessary to build 16 different radio and electronics circuits, each guaranteed to operate. Our Kits contain tubes, tube sockets, variand paper dielectric condensers, resistors, tie strips, toils,
able, electrolytic, mica,
hardware, tubing, punched metal chassis, Instruction Manuals, hook -up wire, solder, etc.
In addition, you receive Printed Circuit materials, including Printed Circuit chassis,
special tube sockets, hardware and instructions. You also receive a useful set of tools, a
If- powered Dynamic Radio and Electronics
professional electric soldering iron, and a
Tester. The "Edu-Kit" also includes Code Instructions and the Progressive Code Oscillator,
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raceraand the ProgresSignal Tracer
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o Signal Injector,
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ac
PRINTED CIRCUITRY
1
At no increase In price, the "Edu Includes Printed Circuitry. You

build a Printed Circuit Signal Injector,
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A Printed Circuit Is a special Insu-
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PROGRESSIVE "EDU- KITS" INC.

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balancing control. When the pickup sensitivity is less than 5 millivolts, a d.c. filament
supply is to be preferred.
Tube noise is not as great a problem as
hum except when the very insensitive pickups are used. However, many of the very
finest pickups are rather insensitive. This is
particularly true of magnetic stereo cartridges. To reduce tube noise, some preamps
use special low -noise tubes such as the
12AD7, the Z729 or, more recently, the
Prices are subject to change without notice. Write

for prices on non listed tubes. All prices F.O.B.
Wallingford, Conn. Prices include dud. Send $5.00
deposit on tubes up to 20 inch size. For 21 inch
deposit is $7.00. On 24 inch send $10.00 deposit.
If dud is shipped with order for new tube no deposit required. Deposit refundable upon receipt of
dud. Dud must be returned prepaid. We ship anywhere-Domestic, Foreign, Export.
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Keeping pace with progress
INDIANA TECHNICAL COLLEGE

114
Fig. 2. Three common techniques of

hum reduction: (A) balancing potentiometer is connected across the pre amp filament supply; (B) B -plus voltage
divider applies positive voltage to the
preamp filaments; (C) bias developed
across cathode resistor of output tubes
is applied to the preamp filaments.
EF86. Even when 12AX7's are used, they

are specially selected for low noise.
The flow of current through a resistor
can also produce thermal noise, and if it
occurs in the first stage, it can become annoying. For this reason, the better preamps
use special low -noise type resistors in the
first stage and sometimes in several stages.
On this note, we leave the first function
of the preamplifier /control unit and next
month we will move on to the problems of
equalization.
-'30
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
Transistor Topics
HOW & WHY OF

should be a half -wave long at the desired
operating frequency.
In operation, signals picked up by the
tuned antenna are detected by the 1N34A
diode. The resulting audio signal is coupled
through a pair of r.f. chokes (RFC1 and 2)
and through d.c. blocking capacitor Cl to
the base -emitter circuit of a single-stage
common -emitter audio amplifier. RFC1 and
RFC2 serve to isolate the antenna system.
The amplified output signal drives a set
of standard magnetic earphones. Operating
power is supplied by a single penlight cell
(B1), with the transistor's base bias current supplied through R1.
All parts are standard and wiring is not
especially critical. For best results, connect
the 1N34A diode right across the antenna
terminals and the chokes close to these
terminals. For slightly more gain, replace
Bi with a 3 -volt battery, readjusting RI's
value for optimum performance . Bob
suggests a value of 1 megohm.
Since a half -wave antenna is awkwardly
long at broadcast -band and lower frequencies (close to 500 feet at 1000 kc.), this
circuit is best suited for operation in the
short -wave bands. For v.h.f. operation, for
example, you can use a pair of TV "rabbit
ears" as an antenna.
Sun Batteries. The International Rectifier Corporation (El Segundo, Calif.) has
developed silicon solar cells having conversion efficiencies of 10% and higher. The
.
M
C
HI -FI & STEREO

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Has all the answers. Explains holy
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styli and many other subjects.
Includes latest stereo developments in record players,
tuners and tape recorders.
EACH BOOK CONTAINS A STROBOSCOPE DISC.
Price Only $1- BIGGEST HI -Fl STEREO DOLLARS WORTH
Guaranteed Money Back In 5 Days If Not Satisfied
Off press Feb. 21st -All who send advance order
and $1 before that date will also receive ABSOLUTELY FREE OF CHARGE a copy of ABC OF
COLOR TV which sells for $1.00.
H.
Address
il.----------------Tiv TililililLE /;157

City
state
Without experience or knowledge, this guaranteed new method

of servicing TV sets enables you to DIAGNOSE TV troubles as
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all faults in record- breaking time regardless of make or model.
"TV TROUBLE SHOOTING METHOD" is the most valuable

aid to TV servicing ever written. Be a TV Trouble Diagnostician. Increase your present earnings. Open your own Profitable
Business or get a high - paying skilled job.
Its all In this book . .
Nothing more to Pay-Nothing else to Buy
Alphabetically listed are 85 picture troubles, over 58 raster and
17 sound troubles. By this unique copyrighted method you know
EXACTLY WHERE the trouble is: plus step -ily -step instructions, Including 69 RAPID CHECKS, help to find faulty part.
13 IMPORTANT PRELIMINARY CHECKS NEED NO INSTRUMENTS! Of the 69 Rapid Cheeks, OVER 65 ALSO
REQUIRE NO INSTRUMENTS! Rapid cheeks include emergency checks for distorted pictures, defective tubes including
l'IX tube, plus 57 others, ALL EXPLAINED IN SIMPLE
LANGUAGE.
INSTRUMENTS,
PERFORMED WITHOUT
MANY CHECKS USE THE PICTURE TUBE AS A GUIDE.
H. G. Clain, the author, is the inventor of the AC /DC midget
radio. He licenses RCA, AT &T, etc. He has also trained thousands of technicians now owning their own prosperous TV service
organizations or holding highly paid TV positions. Ills years of
experience are embodied in this remarkable new book.
Guaranteed Money Back in 5 Days if Not Satisfied!
ABSOLUTELY FREE with each

der: Your Mimeo
Cisin's newest books: BASIC ELECTRICITY_
vol. I or TV -RADIO TUBE SUBSTITUTION
These ell for 50e ea. ACT NOW -get
GUIDE.
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2 leniks
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0
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CISIN, Consulting Engineer -Dept.
-37
Name
O
Solution to puzzle which appears on page 72.

February, 1959
-Y
postpaid
Amaganse et, N. Y.
Enclosed find $1. Rush Trouble Shooting method and free book
marked above tlf not narked Basle Elec. will be sent).
Send all 3. Enclosed find $1.50.
P
A
With H. G. Cisin's Copyrighted

RAPID "TV TROUBLE SHOOTING METHOD"
,.1
SDDT
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Name
Enclosed find $1. Rush HOW & WHY OF HI -FI & STEREO.
1
It is understood that if order is placed prior to Feb. 21. 11E59
I will also receive FREE OF CHARGE "THE ABC OF COLOR TV."
C
M
CISIN, Consulting Engineer -Dept.
POSTPAID
1 Amagansett, N.Y.
G.
Address
LCity
zone
.... State
115
EXCITING BOON BONUS

beginning in March AMAZING STORIES
Read:
E. E.
Smith's
a.w t'nue bate
"r t t SANTN
A
THE
THE
ttAtagY PRIM
GALAXY
PRIMES
greatest of sci-
One of the
ence- fiction writers returns

to the pages of AMAZING
STORIES
this month with
full-length novel you're sure to enjoy. Science -fiction fans

will recall E. E. Smith, the master craftsman who 30 years
ago foresaw our electronics- oriented world. His new book,
The Galaxy Primes, is exciting, thought-provoking, beauti-
fully written. It's typical of the extra science fiction

bonuses you get month after month in AMAZING STORIES,
the world's leading s -f magazine. If you like good science fiction,
pick up
On
sale
copy of March AMAZING!
newsstands
at
February
IO
only
34
THERMO - ELECTRONICS
Successor to
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Change heat to electricity DIRECTLY -no
acids, liquids, chemicals, moving parts or
sunlight! Build or buy a thermo -electronic
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Dept.
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high efficiency is obtained, in part, by minimizing the series resistance between a

cell's active area and its electrical contact
surfaces. This is achieved with new alloying techniques which permanently bond the
contact to the silicon wafer, thus making
the contact an integral part of the cell
itself, although still allowing individual
cells to be soldered. Available for both commercial and military applications, these
new cells can provide an output of approximately 9 watts per square foot of active
cell area in bright sunlight. Detailed data
are given in Bulletin SR -275, available from
the manufacturer.
On the application front, a well -known
ham operator, K6LMW, has made a 2000 mile voice contact on the 10 -meter band
using a transmitter powered by a bank of
72 silicon solar cells. They provided ample
power for the rig's 75- milliwatt output.
Still in the development stage are solar
cells capable of functioning at ambient
temperatures up to 750 C, as contrasted to
an upper limit of 300 C for conventional
silicon cells. These cells utilize cadmium
sulfide and were developed under a research contract awarded by ARCD's
Wright Air Development Center.
Overseas News. From France comes
news of a semiconductor device which, at
some future date, may offer a challenge to
the transistor. Termed the "Tecnetron,"

this is a field effect device consisting of a
type n germanium rod with an electrode at
each end; an indium ring in a groove in
the rod serves as the control electrode.
According to early tests, the unit can operate at frequencies of from 500 to 1000
mc. with outputs up to several watts.
Velectra, of Bienne, Switzerland, has developed and is manufacturing a transistorized audio amplifier capable of delivering
45 watts when powered by a 12.6 -volt battery. Intended for the hi -fi enthusiast, the
unit weighs only eight pounds, measures
71/2t" x 41/2" x 51/2 ", and can operate on supply voltages of from 3 to 15 volts. Its distortion is less than 3% at 25 -watt output.
In Tokyo, Japan, the Sony Corporation is
now producing a fully transistorized AM/
FM portable receiver. It uses 15 transistors, is powered by four standard flashlight
cells, and weighs only 51/2 pounds.
New Products. A series of 50-volt met alized paper capacitors intended specifically
for transistor circuit applications has been
introduced by the Aerovox Corporation
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
(New Bedford, Mass.). Constructed In tubular metal cases with glass terminal seals,
they are designed to assure maximum service life as well as provide a substantial
reduction in case sizes.
General Electric (Schenectady 5, N. Y.)
is now producing a heavy -duty industrial
photo -relay. Permitting up to 300 operations per minute, the "Transeye" is fully
transistorized, and may be used for counting, inspecting, over -travel control, level
maintenance, safety control, and similar
commercial and industrial applications.
Development of a high -power, high -frequency transistor has been announced by
the Bendix Aviation Corporation. Known
as the DAP (Diffused Alloy Power) transistor, this unit has a power gain five to ten
times greater and switching speeds three
to five times faster than standard alloy
types. Experimental units can handle as
much as 5000 watts (5 kilowatts!) in
switching applications.
That's it for now. See you next month ..
Lou
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
My Misguided Missile
ing steadily into the clouds until only a
fading trail of smoke indicated its progress.
"That gizmo yours, buddy ?" demanded
the burlier of the two officers.
"Yes, sir," I admitted. "You see, I
"LOOK OUT, FRED!" shouted the
thinner of the two officers, "HERE IT
-"
COMES!"
Horrified, we jerked our heads around, in
unison, to see the Komet coming straight
across the flats at us, about ten feet above
the ground!
"Eek!" chirped the wife.
"Everybody!" yelled Fred, "on the
ground!"
We bit the dust. The Komet streaked
past with a weird shriek of air -slashing
sound. Then it was gone again. Cautiously,
we raised our heads.
"Can't you control that thing ?" demanded Fred.
"Nope." I shook my head sadly. "The
transmitter is busted. I fell on it when
"HERE IT COMES AGAIN, FRED!"
yawped the other officer.
I didn't need a slide rule to tell me that
if the Komet stayed on its course across the
flats it was going to come whamming right
-"
February, 1959
Announcing ... A Brand New

Home Study Program
Equips you to enter the exciting,

new and booming field of
A
M A
N"
AND INDUSTRIAL
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LEADS TO JOBS LIKE THESE:
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"Five years ago I started to work for my present employer as a Radio Repairer and Installer. I also started
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engineer of a large radar instrumentation station at White
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If you have had a high school education, and experience in
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Write to Capitol Radio Engineering Institute, Dept. 122 -X,
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--
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I17
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into the police car. Morbidly fascinated, I

watched it flash toward the vehicle, murderously skimming three feet above the
ground.
"Hey, the thing's gonna
began Fred.
"I win," murmured the wife.
The Komet landed neatly, horribly on
target. It was almost fantastic to see how
much tearing, rending damage it wrought
as it plowed noisily into the police car. One
wouldn't dream that sixty -five pounds of
aluminum and assorted metal components
could accomplish that much damage-even
at high speed.
We stumbled to our feet, stunned.
"Well," growled Fred ominously, "we can
still use your car."
"Be my guests," I said in a hollow voice.
They graciously accepted the invitation.
-"
EXACTLY three days later, I shambled

up before the stern -faced, dignified old
gentleman sitting behind the judicial bench.
He finished reading the written details of
the report given orally by the officers a few
moments earlier. Then he pinned a pair
of icy eyes on me.
"I wouldn't actually say this entire, outrageous matter smacks of sabotage," he
stated generously, "but it comes mighty
close to it. What have you to say ?"
Painfully I cleared my throat.
Out of the corner of my eye I could see
the wife sitting tensely with her purse
clutched tightly in her hands
the purse
containing the assumed amount of the fine,
as advised by local legal talent
veritably a life's savings.
I cleared my throat again.
"Y -Your Honor," I said, allowing a twisted smile of mingled shame and courage to
play across my lips, "Your Honor, I can explain everything."
And I did, too.
Almost.
-El-
...
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118
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
Among the Novice Hams

physically unable to travel, you can apply
for a Conditional Class license, which
grants the same privileges as the General
Class license, but is issued by mail in the
same manner as the Novice and Technician
YOU
Class licenses.
with...
It is not necessary to start your amateur

career with a Novice license. If you can
pass one of the other examinations, you can
immediately obtain a higher class license.
But don't underestimate what you can do
with a Novice license. Many Novices make
thousands of contacts in all states and
many foreign countries with their Novice
licenses and equipment. In fact, most of
them continue to use their Novice equipment after they become Generals.
Obtaining Your License. Undoubtedly,
the best single source of information on exactly how to obtain an amateur license in
the United States is the packet of booklets
entitled "Gateway To Amateur Radio," published by the American Radio Relay League,
Inc. The packet contains three booklets,
"How To Become A Radio Amateur," "How
To Learn The Radiotelegraph Code," and
"The Radio Amateur's License Manual,"
plus a smaller pamphlet on operating an
amateur station. It is available for $1.50,
postpaid, from such amateur supply houses
as Allied Radio, Burstein -Applebee, Lafayette Radio, Radio Shack, World Radio
Labs., etc.
The information contained in this packet
is sufficient to permit passing the Novice
written examination without additional
study material, although a text on electronic fundamentals will clarify many
points that might otherwise be confusing.
And such a text is needed to understand
the questions and answers in the General/
Conditional/Technician study guide in the
License Manual. An excellent text of this
type is "Amateur Radio Theory Course," by
Martin Schwartz, published by American
Electronics Co. (AMECO), and available
for $3.95, postpaid, from most of the amateur supply houses.
Learning the Code. The secret of learning the radiotelegraph code with the least
effort is to learn it by sound from the very
start. This is best done with the aid of an
experienced code man who will introduce
the code characters one at a time with the
aid of a key and code oscillator, repeating
February, 1959
SAVE MORE!
YOU
SERVICE BETTER
EMC
TEST
EQUIPMENT
PRECISION MADE to assure highest quality...
LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES with the most
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206P, with hand rubbed oak carrying case, $83.50. Model 206C, slop-
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CTA, cathode ray tube adaptor,
'',-
Model 104 Volometer

a 42 ", 50 microampere meter,
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ranges to 20 megohms. Specifications
DC Voltage: 5 ranges (20,000 ohms per
volt): 0 to 6-60-300-600-3000 volts. AC
Voltage: 5 ranges (1.000 ohms per volt):'
O to 6-60.300-600-3000 volts. OC CurrentFeatures
...
to 6-60-600 ma. AC Currentto 30-300 ma: 0 to 3 amps.

to 0DB.
204,
Resistance Ranges: 0
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Ranges: 0
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under rated load on "reject -
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P E-29
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Electronic Measurements Corp.
625 B'way, New York 12, N. Y.

Y.
Ex. Dept., 432 Greenwich St., New York 13, N.
1,12
New Book makes If Easy fo Learn

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352 PAGES
288 ILLUS.
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each one over and over
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and write down the corresponding letter,
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Next to having a private tutor, the best
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code course recorded on phonograph records, recording tape, or on punched paper
tape to be used on a special code machine,
such as an "Instructograph," which can be
purchased outright or rented.
Once you have memorized the code
sounds, the only way to acquire receiving
speed is daily practice in copying code sent
at a speed slightly faster than you can
handle perfectly. One way to obtain this
practice is with a communications receiver
tuned to the amateur code bands. A Novice
license allows you to work stations while
building up your speed to the General level.
You may not believe it, but time spent
trying to learn to send code before you can
copy well is largely wasted.
BUILDING A Q- MULTIPLIER
With this issue, each Among The Novice
Hams will contain construction or modification details for equipment useful around the
ham shack. Our first project will be a
Q-Multiplier. Your contributions are invited.
Adding a Q- Multiplier to an inexpensive
amateur receiver makes it possible to copy
signals which would otherwise be buried
by interference. On page 90 is a diagram
of a Q-Multiplier designed for use with receivers with 450 -to-470 -kc. i.f. channels.
Experience has shown that the "null"
function of conventional Q- Multipliers is
seldom used with receivers of low selectivity; therefore, we have simplified the circuit by omitting this function. The unit
fits nicely in a 2V4" x 214" x 5" "Mini box," and parts arrangement is not critical.
To place the Q-Multiplier in operation,
connect its output lead to the plate terminal of the receiver mixer (converter) tube
or to the control grid terminal of the first i.f.
tube. Use RG-58A /U cable and keep it as
short as possible. If the leads are very
short, you might be able to do without
shielding.
When used in conjunction with a receiver
utilizing a transformer -type power supply,
plate and filament power for the Q- Multiplier can be obtained from the "accessory"
socket or from the filament and screen terminals of the receiver's output tube socket.
If the receiver employs 12 -volt tubes, sub ays say you saw it
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
stitute a 12 -volt tube, such as a 12J5, or

use half of a 12AU7A for the 6C4.
The Q- Multiplier can be operated with
most a.c./d.c. receivers if powered by a
separate transformer- operated supply capable of furnishing about 250 volts, d.c., at a
few milliamperes, and 6.3 volts at 0.15
amperes. Connect the case of the Q- Multiplier to the external ground terminal of the
receiver and to a good external ground for
safety.
To adjust, tune in a steady signal on the
receiver with the Q- Multiplier off, then advance potentiometer R2 to almost its full
clockwise position and set the variable
capacitor to half mesh. Now, adjust the
slug in the Q- Multiplier coil (L1) for maximum received signal strength, which should
occur with the slug about half in.
As the slug is adjusted, the Q- Multiplier
may break into sustained oscillation, evidenced by the receiver suddenly going dead
or emitting a steady squeal. If this occurs,
turn back the variable resistor as necessary
while peaking the slug.
In operation, variable capacitor Cl is
used to "fine- tune" received signals, and R2
controls selectivity, which is maximum
when R2 is set just below the oscillation
point.
News and Views
John Ruiler. KN7COT. Yuma, Arizona, uses
a WRL Globe Chief 90A transmitter and a
Hallicrafters S -85 receiver. In three months,
Johnny has worked 31 states, Mexico, the
Panama Canal Zone, and a couple of Canadians. He offers to schedule anyone needing
an Arizona contact. Unfortunately, the picture of Johnny's station that he sent us was
damaged in the mail, but I hope to obtain a
duplicate for next month.... Lloyd J. Peter man, KN9DPJ. Route 4, Sturgeon Bay, Wis.,
made his first contact with KN3DII, and he
now has eight states worked. Lloyd feeds his
Heathkit DX -40 into an 80 -meter doublet on
80, 40, and 15 meters. As might be expected,
it does not do too well on 40 meters, but he
runs 75 watts on 80 and 15. He receives on a
Heathkit AR -3 with a Q- Multiplier added to
it.... Sanford Hutson. K5QHS. Box 27, Stuttgart, Ark., has now received his General Class
license after working 19 states, all confirmed,
as a Novice. San should have his new Heath kit DX -100B together and operating by the
time he reads this. He still offers to sked anyone needing Arkansas.
Elton Harper. KN4YWY. 2303 Division St.,
Jacksonville, Fla., claims "15 was dead when
I got my license, so I started slow." In spite
of his slow start, he has worked 29 states and
five foreign countries, mostly on 15 and a few
on 40. Elton's best DX is Japan. His equipment includes a Globe Chief 90A transmitter
and a Hammarlund HQ-100 receiver.... A
February, 1959
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121
HELP US OBTAIN OUR HAM LICENSES

K1 /W1 CALL AREA
Greg Hoisington (15), 12 Fifth Ave., Westover

Air Force Base, Mass. (Code, theory, regulations and selection of equipment)
George Cleveland, 24 Fairfield St., Newton
ville 60, Mass. (Theory, regulations and selec-tion of equipment)
A /3c Lavert A. Henley, AF19561742, Box 468,
Tuslog Det. #+3, APO 324, New York, N. Y.
(Theory, regulations and selection of equipment)
Howard Feldman, 49 Western Promenade,
Auburn, Mass. (Code and theory)
Dana Bennett (12), 40 Waldo Leahy, Townsend, Mass. Phone: 166. (Selection of equip-
ment)
Ernest Richards, Round Pond, Me. Phone:
(Code and theory)
Geraldine Vanoni, 80 Joseph St., Torrington,
Conn. (Code and theory)
LA 9 -2135.
K2 /W2 CALL AREA
Ted Picker, 113 Brighton Ave., Perth Amboy,

N. J. (Code)
Abraham Wagner, 132 E. Hazeltine Ave., Kenmore 17, N. Y. (Code, theory and regulations)
Bob Allen, 8 Gary Rd., Syosset, N. Y. (Theory
and selection of equipment)
Martin Halofsky, 2230 62nd St., Brooklyn 4,
N. Y. Phone: CL 9-3463. (Code and theory)
George Levy, 2845 W. 29th St., Brooklyn 24,
N. Y. (Code, theory and regulations)
Edward V. Daly (14), 462 Eastlake Ave., Massapequa Park, L. I., N. Y. (Theory)
Richard A. Mattner, 240 Carroll St., Brooklyn
81, N. Y. (Code, theory and regulations)
George Bornemann (14), Box 174, Tillson,
N. Y. (Code, theory and selection of equip-
ment)
K3 /W3 CALL AREA
Robert Eckert, 356 E. South St., Wilkes Barre,

Pa. (Code, theory and regulations)
K9 /W4 CALL AREA
Charles W. Fentress III, 531 Washington

Park, Norfolk, Va. Phone: MA 5-4101. (Theory,
regulations and selection of equipment)
Jimmy Foust (15), 108 Virginia Way, Pensacola, Fla. (Code, theory and regulations)
David Gems (14), 511 Farr Ave., Fairfax, Va.
(Code and selection of equipment)
Delbert Greear, P. O. Box 235, Helen, White
County, Ga. (Code, theory and regulations)
Jerry Evans, 19540 N.W. 8th Ave., North Miami 69, Fla. Phone: NA 1 -7904. (Theory)
K5 /W5 CALL AREA
Donald E. Johnson, Box 57, Newhebron, Miss.

(Code, theory, regulations and selection of
equipment)
Jimmy Winkler, R. #1, Cane Hill, Ark. (Code,
theory, regulations and selection of equipment)
John A. Unsicker, 132 W. Okla. St., Walters,
Okla. (Code, theory, regulations and selection
of equipment)
John Paul Kana (14), P. O. Box 834, Weimar,
Tex. Phone: 385J. (Code,
and selection of equipment)theory, regulations
Oran Neck, 36 Rentfro Blvd., Brownsville,
Tex. Phone: LI 2 -7521. (Code, theory, regulations and selection of equipment)
Kenneth Dobbs, 7819 Fir St., Houston 12,
(Code, theory, regulations and selectionTex.
of
equipment)
Kenneth Cornett (18), R. #1, Box 119, Yukon,
Okla. (Code, theory and regulations)
Morris E. Wickliffe (14), 512 Walnut St., Benton, Ark. (Code, theory and selection of
equipment)
K6 /W6 CALL AREA
Strimpel, 6817 Matilija Ave.,

Calif. (Code, theory and regulations) Van Nuys,
L. W.
122
Don Anderson, 1623 Noe St., San Francisco

Calif. Phone: MI 8 -0139. (Code and selection of equipment)
John Fred Palmer, 119 East Vista Ave., Daly
City, Calif. Phone: PL 6 -6780. (Code, theory,
and regulations)
John V. Guy, YMCA, 715 S. Hope
Los
Angeles, Calif. Phone: MA 7 -4751. St.,
(Code,
theory and selection of equipment)
Patrick A. Crittenden (15), 3521'2 E. 236th St.,
Wilmington, Calif. (Code, theory, regulations
14,
K7 /W7 CALL AREA
Phillip
Laine, 3715 N. Main, N. Las Vegas,

Nev. (Code, theory and regulations)
Douglas Schroeder, 1212 Darmak, Las Vegas,
Nev. Phone: DU 2 -6659. (Code, theory and selection of equipment)
John Johnson, W. 2518 Olympic, Spokane,
Wash. Phone: FA 5 -0549. (Code and theory)
Dieter Kaetel (17), 3251 Belvidere Ave., Seattle 6, Wash. Phone: WE 7 -8962. (Code, theory
A.
K8 /W8 CALL AREA
Paul Davis, 1634 Betz Dr., Akron 6, Ohio.

(Code and theory)
Dave Rochat, 118 S. Main St., Chagrin Falls,
Ohio. (Theory and regulations)
James Sharpe, 3222 Harry Lee Lane, Cincinnati 39, Ohio. (Code, theory and selection of
equipment)
Louis H. Swart, 1544 Hollywood N. E., Warren, Ohio. (Code and theory)
Jerome Nemeth, 9144 Lane, Detroit 9, Mich.
Phone: VI 3 -0136. (Code, theory, regulations
Roger Smith (14), 4777 Furney St., Holt,
Mich. Phone: OX 4 -2632. (Code and theory)
Richard Silverman, 16159 Indiana, Detroit 21,
Mich. Phone: UN 1 -8427. (General theory)
James R. Hurayt, 3329 Roehl Ave., Cleveland
9, Ohio. Phone: ON 1 -4637. (Code, theory, regulations and selection of equipment)
Xavier F. Turchetta (14), 4444 West 35th St.,
Cleveland 9, Ohio. Phone: SH 1 -1044. (Code,
theory and selection of equipment)
K9 /W9 CALL AREA
Michael Traham, 4817 N. Kimball, Chicago 25,

Ill. Phone: IN 3 -8908. (Code, theory, regulations and selection of equipment)
Tom Wendt (29), 3754 S. Iowa Ave., Milwaukee 7, Wis. Phone: HU 3 -4620. (Code and
theory)
David Daniels, 701 N. Jefferson, Salem, Ill.
(Code, theory and selection of equipment)
Mike Friduss, 8109 S. Jeffery, Chicago 17, Ill.
Phone: SA 1 -2299. (Code, theory, regulations
KO /WO CALL AREA
Larry Phillips (16), 411 No. West Ave., Bolivar, Mo. Phone: FA 6 -4574. (Code)
Mike Schwendeman, Box 165, Benson 3, Minn.
(Code, theory, regulations and selection of
equipment)
John Resing, 2755 N. Meridian, Wichita 4,
Kans. (Code and theory)
Robert Fram, 3230 W. Owasso Blvd., St. Paul
12, Minn. (Code)
Fred R. Welter (14), Maysville, Mo. Phone:
143 -4. (Code, theory and selection of equip-
ment)
VE AND OTHERS
Gene Hussack, Lynn Lake Amateur Radio
Club, Lynn Lake, Manitoba, Canada. (Theory
and regulations)
Gary Helferty, 345 Mary St., Oshawa, Ontario,
Canada. (Theory)
Terry J. Tod, 143 Lanside St., Winnipeg 1,
Manitoba, Canada. (Code, theory and regulations)
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
little help sometimes makes a big difference.

In seven months on the air, Dennis Perry,
KN6JEN (13) 8207 Concord, Fontana, Calif.,
had made only two contacts. Then, with the
help of W6RID and KN6PJS, he put up a 40meter "long wire," and made 96 contacts in
a week and a half. After that, he went on 15
meters and worked 14 states with his DX -40
transmitter and Hallicrafters SX -71 receiver.
Jerry LeBow, KN2SMC (13) 52 Seneca
Ave., White Plains, N. Y., has quite an unusual QSL card, which he tries to send to
everyone he works. Jerry usually sticks to 40
meters, where he runs 60 watts to a DX -40
to chase r.f. up the feedline of his 40-meter
dipole. He receives with a Hallicrafters S -38E.
Jerry offers to help prospective hams.
Joe Veras, KN9OCO, 1373 Russell St., Green
Bay, Wis., likes 15 meters best. In a month
and a half on the air, his Johnson Adventurer
transmitter, "long wire" antenna and RME -45
receiver have worked eight states, with five
confirmed. Joe's pet peeve is an operator who
promises to QSL, acknowledges your address,
and never sends the card.... Peter Guidi,
WV2BMB (15), P. O. Box 64, Croton Falls,
N. Y., operates on 40 meters, except when the
interference drives him to 80 meters. Pete
made about 120 contacts in 24 states his first
five weeks on the air, using a Globe Chief 90A
transmitter at '75 watts, a 40 -meter folded
dipole about 20' high, and an AR -3 receiver
backed up with a Q- Multiplier. Pete plans on
trying 15 meters as soon as he builds a "pre selector" (r.f. amplifier) for his receiver.
The report from Jim George, KBJPV (16), 911
N. Walker St., Princeton, W. Va., took so long
to reach me that Jim will probably be surprised to see it here. In four and a half
months on the air, his Heathkit DX -20 and
Hallicrafters S -38C receiver have racked up
1042 contacts in 41 states and a bunch of foreign countries. He works 40 meters most but
drops to 20 meters to work DX -one advantage of being a "General." Check with Jim
if you need West Virginia.
Gary L. Emory, KN3DPA (14), RFD 5, Towanda, Pa., works 80 and 40 meters at times,
but 15 meters is his favorite. He uses a Knight
transmitter running 50 watts and receives
with an S -38E. His 15- meter antenna is the
"Demi- Quad" described in POPULAR ELECTRONICS in January, 1958. It works well, as
attested by an RST599 report from England
and an RST589 from Spain. His states worked total is 33, 29 confirmed, in five
months on the air.... K4RJM, 404 Dakota
St., Piedmont, Ala., agrees with K2TSW (November "News And Views ") that the antenna
has much to do with the success of any harp
station, but he argues that the main factor
is the operator. Give one ham a 50 -watt
transmitter and a moderate -priced receiver,
and he might work 48 states and 50 countries,
while another ham might do well to work 10
states with the same equipment. K4RJM also
offers to help prospective hams.
How about sending in a picture of your
station and news of your activities for next
month? Also, how about a contribution for
our new section? 73,
Herb, W9EGQ
,
ELECTRONICS
February, 1959
prepare for your career iri77.
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At MSOE, you can equip
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Angola-CR6SF, Luanda, is heard well on

kc. at 1605 -1730 in Portuguese, dual to
the 4955 -kc. outlet. (59, 100)
Belgium -ORU, the International Goodwill
Station, Brussels, has taken over for World's
Fair Radio (which has been dropped) and is
sponsoring the Eng. segment at 1930 on 11,850,
9745, and 9655 kc. (420)
British Guiana -R. Demerara, Georgetown,
is noted daily with good signals on 5981 kc. at
0411 s /on with Eng. program summary. A
Hindi language program is heard at 0415 -0420
with Eng. returning at 0420. (353)
Burma- Rangoon can be tuned on 9640 kc.
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Afghanistan-R. Kabul's new 6005 -kc. outlet is believed to operate from 0730 s /on to
1230 -1300 s /off. On the half -hour a clock
strikes local time. Local news in Pushtu is
given at 0830 -0840, world and domestic news
in Pushtu at 1000 and 1100. The Eng. program is timed for 1200. It is not known at the
moment whether 'his new outlet is replacing
or paralleling the 18,634 -kc. outlet. (377,488)
Algeria -Algiers has returned to 11,835 kc.
from 11,715 kc. and is noted at 1100 -1715. (100)
occasional heavy QRM. (353)

Cambodia (Indochina) -Radiodiffusion Nationale Khmere, Phnompenh, has been noted
on 7185 kc., weak, with Eng. news at 0800. The
6090 -kc. outlet is heard from 0915 to 1000 s /off
with French language program. QRM from
Luxembourg mars the latter xmsn. (166, 488)
Cape Verde Islands-CR4AC, Radio Barlavento, St. Vincente of Cabo Verde, 3960 kc., is
tuned at 1730 with Portuguese news, 1745 with
music to fade -out. (MS)
Ceylon-The Commercial Service of Radio
Ceylon, Colombo, 15,265 kc., is usually heard
well at 2030 -2130 in English. This is an early morning (Ceylon time) musical program with
pop records and commercials. (BJ)
Chile -A new station is R. Diego Portales,
Talca, on 6020 kc. with 10 -kw. power, scheduled at 0700 -0000. (465)
China -The latest schedule for R. Peking
gives the Eastern N.A. beam at 2030 -2130 on
11,820 and 15,095 kc. Channels for the Western N.A. program are 11,975 and 15,115 kc. but
no times were given; try for it at 2230 -2330.
Another xmsn, believed to be beamed to Europe, is noted in Eng. at 1445 -1515. (RG, 420)
The China Press Agency, Peking, 12,124 kc.,
was tuned at 1715 with a woman giving dictation -speed news in native language. Heard to
past 1815, no parallel channel found. (166)
Comores Island -R. Comoro, Dzaoudzi, 7340
kc., is scheduled Sundays only at 0700 -0830.
Further details are still lacking. (363)
Costa Rica -Here is a partial list of Eng.
and German xmsns for TIFC, The Lighthouse
of the Caribbean, San Jose: in German at
0730 -0745 Sundays and at 0000 -0015 Mondays;
in Eng. at 1500 -1600 Sundays, 2200 -2300 Sundays and Mondays, and 2300 -0000 daily. All
xmsns are on 9647, 6037, and medium-wave
995 kc. (378)
Aways say you saw it
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
Havana, la again active on

and is heard at 0700 s /on. (100)
According to the Short -Wave Editor for the
Universal Radio DX Club, the Cuban outlet
on 2440 kc., COCA, as listed by the World
Radio Handbook, is definitely not on the air.
Cuba -COCO,
"Order AfromKit Now"
9531 kc.
England-GSK, London, is now on 26,080 kc.

and is scheduled at 0915 -1315 to N.A., replacing 21,660 kc. (100)
Ecuador -Widely heard and reported, the
"the house the hams built"

"'the World's Largest Distributor of Amateur Radio Eqpt."
Leo I. Meyerson
1
00w DSB suppressed camer)

50w CW, 40w AM
(
Voice of the Andes, HCJB, Quito, now main-
tains the following schedule: 15,115, 11,915,

9745 and 6050 kc. to the Americas (except
Tuesday) at 0000 -0015 in Russian, 0015 -0030
in Spanish, 0030 -0130 in German, and to South
Pacific at 0130 -0500 except Tuesday and Sunday in English; 11,915 and 9745 kc. to South
Pacific at 0430 -0500 Sundays in Swedish, 05000530 except Tuesday in Russian, 0530 -0600 except Tuesday in English; 17,890, 15,115 and
11,915 kc. to the Americas at 0900 -1000 except
Monday in English, 1000 -1030 Saturdays in
German, 1000 -1100 Sundays in German, 11001200 Saturdays in Russian, and to Europe (except Monday at 1400 -1530 in English, 15301600 in French, 1600 -1630 in Swedish, 16301700 in Spanish, 1700 -1730 in Russian, 17301800 in German; 15,115 and 11,915 kc. to the
Caribbean at 1830 -1900 except Monday in
English; 15,115, 11,915 and 9745 kc. to the
Americas at 2100 -0000 except Monday in English. (378, 403)
Fiji Islands-VRH4, Suva, can be tuned on

3980 kc. in Western areas at 0500 -0530 with
concert music; Eng. ID at 0500. Xmsn closed
at
0530. (61A)
French Somaliland -R.
Djibouti, 4780 kc.,

has extended its schedule and now closes daily
at 1545. French programs begin at 1500 with
news. Signature is "La Marseillaise." (488)
Germany- Deutsche Welle, Cologne, can be
noted on 21,725 kc. testing a new xmtr at
0930 -1230, dual to 17,875 and 21,490 kc. Eng.
news is at 1035. (100, 473)
The daily evening xmsn at 2130 -2140 has
been extended to 2150 on 9640 and 11,795 kc.
Eng. news is at 2130. German /English language lessons are presented at 2140 -2150 on
Mondays and Thursdays (beginners) and
Tuesdays and Fridays (advanced) . Reports go
to Deutsche Welle, Koln, Funkhaus WDR, Box
239, Cologne, Germany. (TM, VM, JS, 100, 386,
473, 482, 483, 501)
Haiti -R. Commerce, Port -au-Prince, has

been found on 17,954 kc. with a religious program at 1745 -1815. All French, this xmsn was
also noted later on the 6099 -kc. outlet. (44)
India -All India Radio has recently been
noted on 6190 kc. at 0720 with Indian music
but fade -out by 0750, and on 9675 kc. at 07150730 with Eng. news. (166, 226)
Iraq- Baghdad's Foreign Service recently
shifted from 6188 kc. to 6030 kc. and is now
scheduled as follows: 0800, change from
Arabic Home Service; 0800 -1200, Kurdish (also
on 3297 ka.) 1200 -1230, Urdu (sometimes on
3297 kc.) 1230 -1300, Persian; 1300 -1330, Turkish; 1330 -1400, French; 1400 -1430, German;
1430 -1500, English; 1500 -1600, relay of Arabic
Home Service, dual to 7180 ka. (488)
Japan -Tokyo has opened 21,620 ka. for
improved reception to N.A. at 1800 -1900 and
;
February, 1959
$12.00
$9.00
per ma.
Down
W /T: $139.95
Go CW now! Operate AM and Sideband as

soon as you receive your General class It-
VOX 174, $24.95

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KIT:
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frerl, response & modulator linearity.
cense,
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filtering for min. band

Straight thru operation with 3Suppression 45db or
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LA -1 KIT:
WIT: 5124.50 circuit. Ceramic band, function switches.
POWER ATTENUATOR PA -1: $10.95
Speech clipping and
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LINEAR AMPLIFIER
width.
stage
RF Section.
90 Watts CW
Globe Chief
90A Kit
$6.00
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OR $59.95 CASH
Down
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Down, $6.15 ace
Compact, well -filtered, bandswltehing (10160M, with built -in power supply.
PlNet 52 -600 ohms. Modified Grid Block
Keying. Provisions for VFO input. Can
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I -stage Rh' Section tall n leteredl allows
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tenna loading. Single Control Bandswitch& TVI-suppresslon. Reserve
Har
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New Duo-hand
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. .and more
Free Catalog []
info on
Name
Address
[_CitY&statle.
rla
arm*
aaa+Erl
ratWElfi
engoma
J
125
operates with 1'7,855 kc. The new channel replaces 15,325 kc. (26, 44, 100, 240, 383)
Laos-Vientiane, identifying as Radiodiffusion Nationale Lao, on 6130 kc., is noted
from 0800 to 0845 /close, with French to 0820
and then Laotian. It closes with a march presumed to be the Laotian Anthem. (488)
Lebanon -The Anti -Shamun Clandestine
station on 8220 kc. has been noted at 0000 with
SHORT -WAVE ABBREVIATIONS
ROUND
SQUARE
KEY
kc.- Kilocycles
kw.- Kilowatts
N.A. -North America
/off- Sign -off
/on- Sign -on
xmsn-Transmission
xmtr- Transmitter
Arabic. The Phalangist-controlled Voice of

Lebanon on 6580 kc. and the Voice of Free
Lebanon, 6028 and 12,000 kc., have both ceased
operations. (166, 488)
Liberia -ELWA, Monrovia, 21,510 kc., still
carries an Eng. program on Tuesdays at 18001945 to N.A. parallel to 15,198 kc. Another Eng.
segment is noted Wednesdays at 2000 -2145 on
11,980 kc. The latter channel also has a
French religious program at 0100. (RD, 39, 61,
...
...
442, 502)
Mauretania -The French station on 4950
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IS- Interval signal
Smooth, accurate openings made in 11/2 minutes

or less with Greenlee Radio Chassis Punch
Quickly make smooth, accurate holes in metal, bakelite, or

hard rubber with a GREENLEE
Chassis Punch. Easy to operate
simply turn with an ordinary wrench. Round, square,
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job. Write for descriptive literature. Greenlee Tool Co., 1803
Columbia Ave., Rockford, ill.
Eng.- English
kc. is believed to be Atar and seems to ID as

R. Mauretanie at 1600 s /on, although this is
the slogan used by Saint -Louis on 6045 kc.
The former is noted to 1625 with French; the
latter 1800 -1900 Arabic and Maure. (336, 488)
Mexico-XELZZ, Mexico City, 11,860 kc.,
seems to have changed opening of Eng. pro-
gram to 2055. (420)

A new station is XEWW, Mexico City, on
6165 kc. It is noted at 0645 s /on and during
the evenings between breaks in xmsns from
Berne, Switzerland. It is parallel to the 9500 kc. station. (100, 420)
Netherlands -R. Nederland, Hilversum, operates to N.A. at 1615 -1655 on 21,480, 17,775,
15,220, and 6025 kc. and at 2130 -2210 on 11,730,
9590, and 6025 kc. Program changes: "By Request" is now on Thursdays, and the letterbox program on Tuesdays. Watch for "Hobby
Corner." (386, 401, 502)
Netherlands New Guinea -R. Sorong, 3395
kc., is noted with IS at 0428, opening at 0430
with "The Swedish Rhapsody." Programs in
Dutch heard to 0450 fade -out. Very careful
tuning is needed for this one! (61)
Peru -R. Loreto, Iquitos, 9590 kc., is heard
at 1900 -1930 with American pop records;
hymns to 1945; native music to 2000. The
language is Spanish. (61)
Philippines-The Far East Broadcasting
Service, Manila, is noted on 15,385 kc. at 08101000, 1600 -1700, and 2100 -2200, alternating
with 11,920 kc. every half -hour. The 50 -kw.
xmtrs are new, reports wanted. (377, 400)
Portugal- CSB52, R. Renascenca, Lisbon,
6154 kc., opens at 0331 with news in Portuguese, also noted at 0630 with Spanish songs;
the schedule is 0230 -0430, 0515 -0900, and 12301800. CSB51, R. Clube Portugues, Parede, 6080
kc., is scheduled at 0200 -0500 and 0700 -2000.
(MS, 166)
Seychelles -Maha, 4990 kc., is noted from
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
to 1118 s /off. News from London is relayed at 1100; local news at 1109. Entire xmsn
is in English. (488)
Somaliland Protectorate -R. Hargeisa, 9666
kc., is noted at 0900 -0915 in Somali, Eng. ID
0915, Somali to 1015. News from London at
1100; English portion runs from 1015 to 1118.
1030
STEREO -ADAPTED
15 -Watt
Amplifier
DISCOUNTED 4O7o
(61A, 400, 488)

South Africa -The South African B/C
Corp., Paradys, is noted on 11,897 kc. with an
all -Eng. program from 2330; news at 0000;
weather at 0045. Other xmsns from Paradys
are noted on: 11,936 kc. at 0000, Eng. news
0030; 9680 kc. around 1045 with news at 1100.
Springbok Radio, Johannesburg, is heard on
Unidentified Stations
The following unknown stations are being listed by frequency. If you have information on any of them, please let us know.
3222 kc. -Heard from 0245 to 0300 /close
in French with French and European -type
music. This may be Radio Lome, French
THE
REALISTIC AF-15
REALISTIC AF -15 amplifier
with 20. 20,000 cps +1 db output at 15 watts; 6 -tube AC circuit with two EL -84s; full +15
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arate
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NEW
Togo. (61)
3960 kc.-Noted from 1748 to 1800 /close

with native folk instrumental music in
either Portuguese or Spanish (possibly
Italian) Off at 1800 with Portuguese anthem. (61)
3975 kc. -Noted at 0532 -0540 in language
with chanting, talks, and music. (353)
5850 kc. -Heard from 2000 fade -in to
0000 s /off; a Monday program called "Exitos de la Semana." This is not La Voz
Dominicana. (RM)
6075 kc. -An unknown German- speaking station noted at 0000 -0100 under the
Nordwest Runk /unk station. (23)
6100 kc. -Heard at 0600 in Arabic; ID
given as "Huna Bahrain." (26)
6110 kc.-An Arabic station, closing Sundays at 1830 without ID. Not London but
may possibly be Tangier. (420)
6124 kc.-Arabic speaker noted from
0115 to 0200 /close with Arab talks and music; may be a Clandestine outlet. Also
noted at 1500. (166)
.
95 /e x 43/e x 61 /e" case at NO
*
*
*
*
-A USSR
at 1100, and is
41 -meter band (not
9720 kc. in Eng.
tion in the
(149, 420, 442)

Spain -R. Nacional de
232 Pages BIG!

84 Stereo -Monaural
Hi -Fi
System Bargains!
30,000 Items!
Low Mail -Order Prices
Radio Shack Corp. Dept. 11C

730 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston 17, Mass.
Send FREE 232 -Page 1959 Catalog
One AF -15 Amplifier, 33X005YD, $39.95
R- 7243AF15D,$89.95
Pair,
Stereo
30 -Watt
dual to a staheard as yet)
Please enclose check or money order!
Espana, Madrid, has

Eng. to the British Isles and Western Europe
daily at 1520 -1550 on 9363 and 7100 kc. The
third channel, 6130 kc., has not been noted
on this xmsn. (501)
Switzerland -Berne carries Eng. to England and Ireland at 1515 -1530 on 7210 and
9665 kc. English to N.A. is noted at 2030 -2215
February, 1959
$3995
cost! Other features include: RIAA -phono and Ampex 7 -way

tapehead equalization;
speaker switch for up to four
4/8/16 -ohm speakers in any combinatior; distortion
under 1 %. The AF -15 has built -in terminals for attaching the Realistic Stereo Master stereo controlling/
switching unit plus a second amplifier without wiring.
added
outlet, possibly Moscow, noted from 1600 to 1657 /close. News

in native at 1600. They close with Red Anthem. (166)
6172 kc.-English speaker noted to 1430
s/off. This is not Madagascar. They close
without anthem after giving short -wave
and medium -wave frequencies. (166)
6213 kc.-Spanish speaker noted just
below Cayenne on 6215 kc. from 1945 with
improved signal after 2015. Musical commercial ads, Latin -American music. (61)
6135 kc.
Reg. s66.95
Name
Address
City
Stores:
Zone
State
167 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

230 Crown St., New Haven, Conn.
127
POPULAR
Send
and 2315 -0000 on 6165, 9535, and 11,865 kc.

The DX program is on the first Friday of the
month at 2050 and 2335; the mailbag is on the
first and third Sunday at 2115. (WC, HO, 378,
ELECTRONICS
403, 487)
POPU LAR
Tahiti- Papeete has been noted at
1630-
in French with talks on 11,825 kc. (353)

Tangier -R. Eurafrica, Tangier, has been
testing at times on 9275 and 11,520 kc. at 17151800 in Eng., German, French, and Arabic.
Reports go to 9 Rue de Russie, Tangier, Morocco. (61A, 353)
Turkey -A new station is the National Pal ance Exhibition Radio in Istanbul on 6750 kc.
The schedule is 1000 -1600 with recorded music
and Turkish announcements. (488)
USA -KGEI, San Francisco, has returned
to the air on 17,800 kc. with 47.5 hours weekly
1705
ELECTRONICS
Every
Month
name
address
city
state
zone
Check one:
3
2
1
SHORT -WAVE CONTRIBUTORS

John Callarman (!C), Hereford, Texas
William Christensen (WC), Philadelphia, Pa.
Richard David (RD), Newark, Del.
Robert Grattan, III (RG), Ashland, Va.
Bob Jewell (B!), Crown Point, Ind.
Richard AIorcrott (RM), Pittsburgh, Pa.
Tom McGivern (TM), Two Rivers, Wis.
Vincent McGarry (VM), Clayton, N. J.
H. R. O'Dell (HO), Barboursville, W. Va.
John Stammer (!S), Minot, N. D.
Manuel Antonio De Mesquita e Sousa (MS).
Braga, Portugal
I'eter Risse (23), Atlanta, Ga.
Floyd Backus (26), Richmond, Va.
J. R. Brownell (39), Vancouver, B. C.
Anson Boice (44), New Britain, Conn.
Grady Ferguson (59), Charlotte, N. C.
John Beaver (61), Canon City, Colo.
John Beaver (61A), Via DXplorers Radio Assn.
Roger Legge (100), McLean, Va.
J. Art Russell (149), San Diego, Calif.
George Cox (166), New Castle, Del.
William Bing (226), New Orleans, La.
William Roemer (240), Bowling Green, Ky.
James Bannister (336), Brampton, Ontario
Larry Kramer (353), Brighton, Colo.
Bill McEachern (363), Fort William, Ontario
Ken Boord (377), Morgantown, W. Va.
,I. P. Arendt (378), Aurora, Ill.
L. E. Kuney (383), Detroit, Mich.
Dan Wilt (386), Barberton, Ohio
August Balbi (400), Los Angeles, Calif.
David Eastman (401), Ashton, R. I.
Creed Freeman, Jr. (403), Fayetteville, N. C.
A. R. Niblack (420), Vincinnes, Ind.
Werner Howald (442), Los Angeles, Calif.
Sam McLauchlan (473), Gatineau, Quebec
Jerry Berg (477), West Hartford. Conn.
John Giuliani (482), Montpelier, Vt.
Wilmot Guthke (483), Charleston, S. C.
Leon Campbell (487), Midwest, Wyo.
A Middle East Correspondent (488), Cyprus
Paul Buer (501), Harrison, N. Y.
Algie Adams (502), Roanoke, Va.
years for $10

years for $7
year for $4
In the U. S., ils possessions and Callada. Foreign rates:

Pan American Union countries, add .50 per year; all
other foreign countries, add $1 per year.
Mail to: POPULAR ELECTRONICS

Dept.
-2 -9, 434 South Wabash Ave.,
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Chicago 5, III.
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to Central and South America. Reports go to
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The Organization of American States carries Spanish on weekdays from 1915 to 1930
s /off over WLWO, Cincinnati, 15,160 kc.
French to Haiti may replace the Spanish on
Sundays and /or Saturdays. (JC)
USSR-Kiev, 11,740 kc., relays Moscow N.A.
program from 2030 to 2200 when it switches
into Ukrainian. The Kiev IS is given three
times at 2030. (JC)
Venezuela-YVMW, Punto Fijo, a rarely
noted station, was found on 4770 kc. at 22002230, regular Latin -American program. (23)
A new outlet from Caracas is noted on
15,153 kc. evenings around 2200; station s /off
P.O. Box 15,
at
2230. (420)
A (ways say you saw it
30
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entitles me to the 8 FREE Wholesale catalog Issues.
Enclosed find $1.00 for the 8 Wholesale catalog Issues to
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February, 1959
CHICAGO
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Latest superheterodyne circuit using 4 low battery' drain

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671/2 volt "R" (1 retied) Stk. No. BA -49 $1.29
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Stock No. RA -310
TRANSISTOR KIT
Qee 000
Superheterodyne
PORTABLE RADIO
Reg. $19.95
SHIELD HORN TWEETER
TOOLS
wt.a11,0.
SPECIAL ENCLOSURE FOR ABOVE
Completely assembled. wood grain

plastic covere
Speaker board with
holes cut out. ready to install.
Size; 231/4" x 1311," x 191/4".
Shpg. wt. 26 11,s.
Blonde-Stock No. CA -120 tin
Williamson type circuit. Response !. 1

20.000 CPS. 4 inputs: magnetic
phono /tape; crystal phono; tuner /radio; mike
/aux magnetic phono. Output, 4, 8, and 16
ohms. 5 tubes. Size: 11" x 7" x 5 ". Complete with wire and snider. Shpg wt. 10 lbs.
TV
Reg. $20.25
2 Systems $22.50
No. AS -404
designed Magnavox
system. consists of 12" woofer
specials
-polarized
capacitor attached to frame, and 2 matched
4" hard cone tweeters. 12" woofer has heavy
cadmium plated frame. 1" voice coil with
dust cover, 4" 'Peep Throat" tweeters reinforce midrange and assure clean, crisp
highs. Response 45 In 17,000 cps. with 15
watt power handling capacity. Ideal for stereophonic systems where two matched speaker
systems
required. With instructions.
DB 20 to
RADIO
q $1188
4e
$3888
AMNo.
-122
Printed circuit, dual
-
CATALOGS
Plays both stereo and monaural discs manually

or automatically with automatic shut -otT after last
record. Virtually jam -proof and fool-proof. Rubber
padded, weighted turntable rim driven by four polo
Induction motor. With turnover hi -fi crystal cartridge with dual sapphire stylus. 7 mil stylus
plays stereo and LP's, 3 mil stylus plays 78 R.P.M.
discs. Spring counter balanced pick -up arm. Beige
finish with brown trim. Size: 12z." x 10a/4 ". For
110 volts. 60 ep5. Shpg. wt. 15 lbs.
52195
-7.r,,
_OU
TOTAL
AMOUNT
conne
FORGE ST71
AKRON 8, OHIO
P -29
'
129
POPULAR
BARGAIN
ELECTRONICS
ONE CENT SALE
B UY ONE AT OUR REGULAR LOW PRICE AND GET THE

SECOND FOR ONLY 14 MORE
CITIZENS BAND TRANSMITTER chassis complete with crystal.
$9.9:1 ea. two for $10.00. CITIZENS BAND RECEIVER chassis
tunable through all 22 channels. Complete with audio amplifier.
50.99 ea. two for $10.00. RADIOSONDE TELEMETERING
TRANSMITTER complete with modulator, aneroid barometer,

temperature and humidity sensing elements. tubes, relay. antetttta, tc. A $50.00 value for only $4.91) ea. two for $ 5.111).
COILEDe CORD 4 conductor 11" telephone cord. E_stends to over
4 ft.
.99 ea. two for $1.0.
11
MICROPHONE High output 200
ohm carbon s with terminal lugs. 51.49 ea. two for $1.50.
TRANSISTOR AUDIO AMPLIFIER. Gives up to 50X voltage gain
on low level signals. Operates on Ili.. volts. $3.09 ea. two
for $4.00. KIT 1OF PARTS for VHF radio receiver. Tunable
from A0 to 200 megacyrles which includes U. S. satellite frequencies, $6.99 ea. kit. Two for $7.00.
LIMITED QUANTITY-RUSH YOUR ORDER TODAY
Remit in full. Include sufficient postage. No C.O.D.'s.
VANGUARD
ELECTRONIC
Kit 35 Precision Resistors

Kit 75 Resistors 1/2/1/2W
Kit 150 Carbon Resistors
Kit 12 Electrolytic Cond's
Kit 65 Tubular Condensers
Kit 500 Lugs & Eyelets
Kit 5 lbs. Surprise Package
Kit 10 Transmit Mica Cond's
Kit Glyptal & Cement
Kit 3 Phone /Patch Xfmrs
Kit 4 AN /Reflector Lites
Kit 6 Insltd Tuning Tools
LABS
N. Y. 6, N.
!!!!!
Contains components needed for Popular Electronics constructional

articles. All brand new mponents at a tremendous saving to you!!!
1 -2N255 Power Transistor
5- Sub -Min. Electrolytias
1- Terminal
Transistors
2-NPN Transistors
Board
-Flat
10- Terminal Strips

25- Tubular Condensers
-Min. 365
-Power Transistor Manual
20,000 PRI.
10.000
4,000 C.T.
2,000
Ant. Loopstiek
2-Min I.F. Xformers
1- Sub
11/2" Min. Speaker
1
5 -Sub -Min.
4- Transistor
MMF Var. Cond.
Controls
ALL FOR ONLY
Transformers
1,000 SEC.
1,500
e
10
$12.95
GROVE ELECTRONIC SUPPLY COMPANY
4103 W. BELMONT AVE.

INCLUDE POSTAGE WITH ORDER
SEND
FOR
CHICAGO 41, ILLINOIS

SHIPPING WEIGHT -3 LBS.
NEW 1959 CATALOG
arjay Co., The

ell Telephone Laboratories
Enterprises, Inc.
Laboratories
ursteinApplebee Co.
Calculator Machine Co.
Capitol Radio Engineering Institute
Career Institute
Century Electronics
Inc.
Cleve) H.
..
Cleveland Institute
InG. stitute of Radio Electronics
Cotter, Hermon E.
Coyne Electrical School
DeVry Electronics
Inc.
Inc.
Garfield Co., Ic
Inc., Oliver
Gaylord Products Co.
G
antt
......
.....
.....................
Electronic Experimenter's Handbook

Electronic Measurements Corp.
Garner Pro.,
Products
116
28
130
108
38
118
IS
26
10
34
128
303, 102, 117
102 5
1... 105
.................191
91
116
5 111
114
..120
B londer-Tongue
B
Filnor
NO
21. 40
B erkeley
Institute
Libertn
Tube Co.
McGraw-Hill Book
Midway Company
I
30
Co
42
110
119
17, 124
118
41
100
Grantham School of Electronics

Greenlee Tool Co.
Grove
of Precision Electronics, Inc.
Grove Electronic Supply Company
Hero Electronics
Hersh Company
92, 93, 94, 95. 96
Hershel Radio Co.
Indiana Technical College
International Company
International Correspondence Schools
Kelsey Presaas
Key Electronics Co
32,
Lafayette Radio
.
FREE
i51aMotorO$495 $ r45 Motoro$245; All Parts.

Send for FCC Form 505 & Catalog
"P"
R/C RECEIVER wird
M$8 61: pl Compo

ub:, A:Ceent 3.95
R/C XMITTER Hi -Power HAND -HELD, compl 517.95: KIT 11.95
R/C TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER KIT; 271/4 inc. 5 watt 2 -Tube
Simple Transe,. & 2 -Tube Rec. incl. Drilled Bases, Wound
9.95
Coil. Res., Cond., SIGMA Relay, Instrut
& Receiver Chassis, New,
Transmitter
HANDIE-TALKIE Wired,
7.65
with tube -2 Triodes
2 -6V
Battery Charger
$4.95...........
Kit,
.. wired
R,C BOOKS: Model Control $1; Radio Control $1; Handbook
6.95
2.25
malRelay itive 0.000: 15'B9:
metal Strip. Heating Element, Hi Z Audio Choke, Mini
Alnico V Magnet, Neon Lamp. Resistors, Capacitors, only .0
9pCr
TUBES: XFG1, RK6I, 3A4. 345, 1AG4, 6K4, Transistor .99
RELAYS. 10K ohm. 2 Ma DC or 110V AC SPOT, 95$; SPST .85
RELAY CONTROL UNIT
.eG
NEW YORK 13, N. Y.
.
.
BC- 1141 -C amplifier, the electronic heart
of the fanmus SCR-025 mine detector. Titis unit is brand new
with 2 -1N5 and 1 -1G6 vacuum tubes, in steel carrying case with
handle: net weight with batteries is only 10 pounds. It operates
from internal batteries Inn! included) and Is complete with
schematic diagram of the whole SCR -625 detector set. Case
measures 14" by 6" by 5" including hinged cover. Operating
panel hinges out for easy arceas to interior shock mounted chassis.
This is a 11100 cycle lived frequency amplifier, brand spanking
new. and a once -ln -a -lifetime bargain at $5.05. Set of 3 spare
vacuum tubes $1.00. Shipping weight 12 pounds.
Write for free government surplus bargain bulletin
JOE PALMER. P. 0, Box 6188 CCC, Sacramento. California
DIAGNYZER
ELECTRONIC TESTER
for DO-IT- YOURSELF
SERVICING
COMPLETE TRAINING COURSE AND SERVICE MANUAL

INCLUDED FREE WITH EACH INSTRUMENT
INDISPENSIBLE -FOR TV, RADIO, HI -FI
Appliances, Autos, Electrical Tools. Used in Home,
Shop and Farm, Check Radio and TV Tubes, Components. Voltages and Circuits, etc
INEXPENSIVE TO OWN, EASY TO USE
Anyone can in servicing With An wonderful metroment, pays for itself the first time you use it. Best
value for money. nothing else like i1. Write Today.
APPARATUS
DEVELOPMENT
Dept. 1(11
PAGE
B
B
Technical
Tenic
For Models
IIUVUI
CO.
Welhersfeld, Co"".
ADVERTISERS INDEX
ADVERTISER
Allied Radio Corp.
Amazing Science Fiction Stories
American Technical Society
Amperes Electronic Corp.
Apparatus Development Co.
Articans of New England
Bailey Technical Schools
EICO
SPARKY,
METAL LOCATOR ENTHUSIASTS
99C
TRANSISTOR EXPERIMENTER'S KIT!!
This is for you
ICit 4 Relava
"TAB" 111PA Liberty St.,
FORTS
GYRO ELECTRONICS
Hol Bias23? ? Y.
Kit 5 Sub -Min Tubes

Kit 75 Mica Condensers
Kit 200ft Hook Up Wire Astd.
Kit 100 Fuses, assorted
Kit 100 Ceramic Condensers
Kit 3 FT243 Xtal Holders
Kit 5 Microswitches
Kit 10 Wheat Lamps
Kit 3 Transistor Xfmrs
Kit 8 Xtal Ose- Blanks
Kit 4 Asstd Rectifiers
TImfs
Order Ten Kits
ONE EACH ABOVE
Buy
We Ship Eleven!!! KIT ONLY
m
Co
in BATTERY CHARGER KIT 2 to 4 Amps. CHARGES 2.4 -6 &
flit
12 VOLT BATTERIES. KIT BCK -1 $11, BUILT
$12.75
t''
SEND 250 FOR BONUS CATALOG
2 -PNP
BASEMENT
SAVE ON THESE SPECIAL BUYS OF THE MONTH

RADIO CONTROL Headquarters
24
11
126
130
130
97
108
114
126
13
124
124
33
103
114
29
120
ADVERTISER
Midway Welder
Milwaukee School of Engineering
Mosley Electronics I no
Moss Electronic, Inc,
National
National Radio Institute
National Schools
O'Brien & Harvey Jacobson, Clarence A.
Olson Radio Warehouse
ORRadio Industries, Inc.
Pacific International College
Paco Electronics Co.. Inc.
Palmer, Joe
Phila. Wireless Technical Institute
Picture Tobe Outlet
Popular Electronics Classified
Popular Electronics Subscriptions
Port Arthur College
Progressive "Edu- Kits" Inc.
PAGE NO
116
124
123
Miller, Gustave
134
................
Quality- Electronics
RCA Institutes. Inc.
Radio Shack Corp.
Radio -Television Training School
Rek -OKut Co. Inc.
Rinehart & Co., lee.
Sleep- Learning Research Assn.
Serra Electronics Supply..
Sprayberry Academy of Radio- Television
Springfield Enterprises
Standard Line Electric Company.
Surplus Center
Sylvania Electric Products Inc.
"TAB"
U. S. Air Force
U. S. Army
University Loudspeakers, Inc.
Valparaiso Technical Institute
Vanguard Electronic Labs
Van Nostrand Company, Inc., D.
Video Electric Company
Weathers Industries
Western Radio
Whitehall Laboratories
World Radio Laboratories
Xcellite, Incorporated
Zalytron Tube Corporation
30
3rd & 4th Cover
2nd Cover
3 35, 36
in- POPULAR
.23
126
129
22
128
14
131
100
124
126
128
20
113
112
18. 19
127
25
99
121
26
120
31
24
109
106
16
130
107
27
34
112
130
9
12
39
118, 120
134
125
100
106
ELECTRONICS
ELECTRONICS MARKET PLACE

RATE:
50h
Minimum
word.
per
ELECTRONICS,
10
words
Park Ave.. New York
16.
prepaid.
April issue
closes
February
5th.
order and
Send
remittance
MAGNETIC Amplifiers-fastest growing field in electronics! A

treatment anyone can understand and a "must" for the informed man. $1.00 Minnetonka Engineering Co., R. 4, Excelsior,
Minn.
FOR SALE
KITS Assembles send 10e (refundable)

Ekec, 2213 Rayor, Cheyenne, Wyo.
TUBES -TV, Radio, Transmitting and Industrial Types At Sensibly
Low Prices. New, Guaranteed 1st Quality Top Name Brands Only.
Write For Free Catalog or Call WAlker

Corp., 512 Broadway, New York 12N,
to: POPULAR
N. Y.
5 -7000,
for information to:
QUALITY one tube radio wired, complete with batteries, tube.

$6.95 Ppd. Electro- Mechanical Company, Springboro, Ohio.
Barry Electronics
N. Y.
for repairing radios $1.00, Television $2.00. Give

make, model. Diagram Service, Box 672 -PE, Hartford 1, Conn.
DIAGRAMS
WANTED
GOVERNMENT Surplus
Receivers, Transmitters, Snooperscopes,

Parabolic Reflectors, Picture Catalog 100. Meshna, Malden 48,
Mass.
GOVERNMENT Sells -Surplus
Electronics; Walkie-Talkies; Test

Equipment; Oscilloscopes; Radar; Sonar; Surplus Aircraft; Boats;
Jeeps, Misc. -You buy direct now from U. S. Government Depots
at fractions of Army and Navy costs -Send for bulletin "Depot
List & Procedure" $1.00. Box 8 -PE, Sunnyside 4, N. Y.
TRADE -IN Television
toga, Pa.
Sets $11.95 Plus Shipping. Jones TV, Sana-
TRANSISTORS For Beginners. At last a treatment of transistors

you can easily understand. Clearly describes in simple
transistor action, amplification, biasing, NPN and

transistors, etc. Completely diagrammed. A must for beginners, $1.00. P. Polton, 3702 E. Oakwood, South Milwaukee,
Wisconsin.
language
PNP
TELEVISION & Radio Tubes, Parts and Supplies. Guaranteed.

Hi- Quality Tube Co., Inc., 284 Lafayette St., Rahway, New
Jersey.
TRANSISTORIZED Pocket F -M
Oaks, Pasadena, California.
Radio, Ekeradio, 650 North Fair
Tuners, 88 -108 megacycles, 4 tubes complete,

Grutman, 1 E. 167 St., New York 52, N. Y.
FM
$12.95.
Paid! Sell your surplus electronic tubes. Want unused,

clean transmitting, special purpose, receiving, TV types, magnetrons, klystrons, broadcast, etc. Also want military & commercial lab test and communications gear. We swap too, for
tubes or choice equipment. Send specific details in first letter.
For a fair deal write, wire or telephone: Barry, 512 Broadway,
New York 12, N. Y. WAlker 5 -7000.
CASH
MERCURY, Platinum, Silver, Precious Metals.

Mercury Refiners, Norwood, Massachusetts.
Ores
Assayed.
CYLINDER and old disc phonographs. Edicon Conqueror, Idelia,

and Oratorio models. Berliner Gramophones and Zono -o- phones,
Columbia cylinder Graphophones, and Coin -operated cylinder
Phonos. Want old catalogues and literature on early phonos
prior to 1919. Will pay cash or trade late hi -fi components.
Popular Electronics, Box 50, 1 Park Ave., New York 16, N. Y.
WANTED, ARN -14c, ARN -30, ARC -15, OMNI Sets, and components.
CRT -3 Victory Girls, AS313B Loops, ARC -12, 51R2 -3, 17L3 -4,
18S2-3, R- 388 /URR, BC -348, Testsets, "Top Dollar Paid."

Slep, W4FHY, Box 178, Ellenton, Florida.
Bill
transistor supplies, Stereo, Hi -Fi amplifiers,

changers, speakers, Eico kits, tubes. Schaak Electronics, 3867
Minnehaha Ave., Minneapolis 6, Minnesota. PA 9-8382.
WHOLESALE Prices
TRADE -IN TV $6 up, also
for list-Alvaradio,
CRYSTAL Radio Experimenters, Write to Hulet, 305 Hope, Lakewood, New Jersey.
Microamperage D.C. Motor Generator Kits

$19.50. For Education Research or Display Purposes. Morris &
Lee, 439 Elm, Buffalo 3, N. Y.
200,000
VOLT
11/2
ELECTRONIC Projects -Organs, Timers, Counters, Etc. $1 each.

List free. Parks, Box 1665A, Lake City, Seattle 55, Wash.
LABORATORY
Farhills,
HIGH -FIDELITY
color, write Justis, Newport, Delaware.
DIAGRAMS for Surplus Electronics. Stamp

P. 0. Box 151, No. Hollywood, Calif.
Instruments,
Surplus
Electronics:
Engineering,
Box 26X, Dayton 19, Ohio.
Catalog- Inexpensive Fluorescent Fixture Kits, Parts, etc.

Shoplite, 650E Franklin, Nutley 10, New Jersey.
FREE
BUY Surplus Jeeps, tractors, winches, pumps, tools, hydraulics,

electronics, boats, typewriters, generators, wholesale direct
from government. List and procedure $1.00. Aviation Surplus,
Box 8 -ZD, Thomasville, Penna.
SIMPLE, inexpensive, precision analogue computer -adds, multiplies, etc., electronically. Plans, instructions, $1.00. Pana -
Interest you? Write for Free 20 page H. H. Scott Component Catalog. H. H. Scott Inc., Dept. PP -2, 111 Powdermill
Road, Maynard, Mass.
HI -Fl
DISGUSTED with "Hi" Hi -Fi Prices? Unusual discounts on your

High Fidelity Requirements. Write Key Electronics, 120 Liberty
St., New York 6, N. Y. EVergreen 4 -6071.
HI -FI Haven, New Jersey's newest and finest sound center.
Write for information on unique mail order plan that offers
professional advice and low prices. 28 Easton Avenue, New
Brunswick, New Jersey.
construction
details. Build your own Television Recorder. Complete course
and construction details $18.75. C. Carrier Co., 5880 Hollywood
TV Tape Recorder. Correspondence course and home
Blvd., Hollywood 28, Calif.

UNUSUAL Values. Hi -Fi components, tapes and tape recorders.
Free catalogue PE. Stereo Center, 51 West 35 St., N. Y. C. 1.
computer, Carnegie Tech, Pittsburgh, Pa.

$50
TRANSISTOR Radio $23.95, Soldering Gun $8.95 C.O.D.,

Electronic Hypnotizer $19.95. Transworld Export, Box 929,
Indio, California.
"20 DISTANCE Crystal Set Plans" handbook, translator experiments and catalog -300. Laboratories, 1131 -L Valota, Redwood
City, California.
TRANSISTOR
Experimenters: Amazing original
1119A Luzerne, Scranton, Pa.
February, 1959
circuit. Ciardi,
INVENTIONS WANTED
INVENTIONS wanted. Patented: unpatented.
Service, 2420 -77th, Oakland 5, Calif.
Global Marketing
131
Jewelers' requirements; Watchmaking courses

from $25.00. Catalog (100- pages), 25C. Bengale Wholesalers,
Culver City, California.
WATCHMAKERS',
TAPE & RECORDERS
COMPLETE Correspondence Course in Radio, TV, & Electronics.

Only 12 sections. Includes 1st Class License Prep. Very low
rates. Ascot School of Electronics, Box 29092, Los Angeles 29,
Calif.
Free wholesale catalogue.
East 88 St., N.Y.C. 28.
RECORDERS,
Hi -Fi.
Carston, 215 -P,
HIGHEST Trade -In Allowances Toward Ampex, Concertane, Crown,
Presto, Pentron, Components. Accessories. Catalog.

Boynton Studio, 10 -PE Pennsylvania, Tuckahoe, N. Y.
Ferrograph,
MISCELLANEOUS
Tapes, Accessories, Excellent

Values, Catalogue. Efsco, 270E Concord, West Hempstead, N. Y.
RECORDERS, Tape Decks, Stereo
Recorders, Hi -Fi Components, Sleep Learning Equipment,

Unusual Values. Free Catalog. Dressner, 69 -02F, 174
St., Flushing 65, N. Y.
TAPE
Tapes.
classified message placed right here will attract the

attention of more than 265,000 Electronic hobbyists, experimenters and Hi -Fl enthusiasts. You'll get fast results. For full
details, write to Martin Lincoln, Popular Electronics, One Park
YOUR
Avenue, New York 16, New York.
While Asleep with amazing new Electronics Educator

endless tape recorder.
Details free. Research Association,
Box 24 -S, Olympia, Wash.
WORLD'S Largest Electronic Parts Catalog. New 1959 edition.
Over 150,000 standard Items sold through parts distributors at
your fingertips. Complete product descriptions, specifications,
prices: 11,500 illustrations, 1,536 pages. Used by hams, hobbyists, experimenters everywhere. Only $3.50 from local radio TV parts distributors, or send check /money order direct. RadioElectronic Master, 58 Madison Avenue, Hempstead, N. Y. Free
24 -page Panel- Flashlight Lamp Chart with Direct Order.
RADIO Workbench is devoted entirely to electronics for builder experimenters. Latest issue 25C. Radio Workbench, Carlsbad,
New Mexico.
LP Records, Stereodiscs, Stereotapes, 20% Discount Catalog
30C. SWRS, 1108 Winbern, Houston, Texas.
COMPLETE Instructions for repairing your TV. Guaranteed to
save many service calls. Send TV manufacturers and model
number. Enclose $2.00 for instructions. Connecticut Electronics, Milford, Conn.
SCHEMATIC, Repair Instructions, HiFi's, T.V.'s, Radios, Phonographs, Tape Recorders, 99C. Send make, model number. "Radio Coop," Box 5938, Kansas City 11, Missouri.
NEW Organ Builders Manual -Guide to assembling your own
electronic organ. 123 pages, profusely illustrated. $2.00 postpaid. Electronic Organ Arts! Box 41084, Los Angeles, Calif.
LEARN
INSTRUCTION
Courses to enable passing Radio Amateur examinations
designed and tape recorded by former U.S.N. Operator and R.R.
Telegrapher. Both sides 7 "1200' reels. Learning to Six W.P.M.
or Six to Sixteen W.P.M. Response enables reduction to $3.98
each. Postpaid in U.S.A. Elham Inc., P.O. Box 98, Hawthorne,
California.
USED Correspondence Courses, Educational Books Bought, Sold.
Catalog Free. Vernon, Summerville, Ga.
COMPLETE Your High School at home in spare time with 62year -old school. Texts furnished. No Classes. Diploma. Information booklet free. American School, Dept. X236, Drexel at
58th, Chicago 57, Illinois.
MATHEMATICS.
Home Study.
Elementary through university
levels. UCSM, Philadelphia 26, Pennsylvania.
CODE Courses to enable passing Radio Amateur examinations.
Designed and tape recorded by former U.S.N. Operator and
R.R. Telegrapher. Both sides 7 "1200' reels. Learning to Six
W.P.M. or Six to Sixteen W.P.M. Response enables reduction to
$3.98 each. Postpaid in U.S.A. Elham Inc., P.O. Box 98, Hawthorne, California.
CODE
SHOPPING GUIDE
Classified
A HANDY REFERENCE TO PRODUCTS AND SERVICES NOT NECESSARILY ELECTRONIC, BUT OF WIDE GENERAL INTEREST.
for Pleasure or profit. Learn at home. Practical

Basis training. Long established school. Free booklet. American School of Photography, 835 Diversey Parkway, Dept. 2254,
Chicago 14, Illinois.
PHOTOGRAPHY
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
DETECTIVES- Experience unnecessary.

Wagoner, 125 -Z West 86th, N. Y.
Particulars.
Profitable mailorder business!! Write: Bond, 1637 -X
OPERATE
VENDING Machines -No Selling. Operate a route of coin machines and earn amazing profits. 32 -page catalog free. Park-
Detective
West Vernon, Phoenix, Arizona.
way Machine Corporation, Dept. 12, 715 Ensor St., Baltimore 2.

Md.
EXTRAORDINARY Opportunity! Retire Now! Lead leisurely Life.

Remarkable Book Shows How. Free Details. Belmont, Wyckoff
177, New Jersey.
MAKE $25 -$50 Week, clipping newspaper items for publishers.

Some worth $5.00 each. Particulars free. National, 81 -PE,
Knickerbocker Station, New York City.
MAILMAN Brings us $150 Daily. Operate home Mail Order Business. Write Publicity, Box 727ZE, Kalamazoo, Michigan.
FREE Book "505 Odd Successful Businesses." Work home. Pacific-PPY, Oceanside, California.
YOUR Own Income Tax Business Tax Service. Licensed training.
Union Institute, Hoboken 3V, N. J.
extra cash! Prepare advertising postais. Langdon's, Box

41107Z, Los Angeles 41, California.
EARN Extra money selling advertising book matches. Free samples furnished. Matchcorp, Dept. MD-29, Chicago 32, III.
EARN
132
MAKE $25 -$50 Week, clipping newspaper items for publishers.

Some clippings worth $5.00 each. Particulars free. National,
81 -DG, Knickerbocker Station, New York.
Professionals-Extra Cash from your photos.

member of our world wide photo agency and enjoy
innumerable benefits. Send your 8x10 photos for presentation
to world markets and only $1.00 for membership number and
informative letter. Limited offer. Photo -World, 538 North Federal, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
AMATEURS and
Become
in- POPULAR
ELECTRONICS
YOUR Own home- operated business!
Take over your area as our

Service Distributor keeping stores supplied. Nationally advertised 28- year -old line pays you 662/3% mark -up. Less than
$100 for merchandise starts you. For samples, highly successful plan, write Novo, Inc., 1168-P Milwaukee, Chicago 22, III.
FREE -Lance
Photographers
register now.
No
obligation.
PLAS'TICS
For
application write Accredited Press, Inc., Lawrence 6, New York.

$30 -$60 WEEKLY Addressing Envelopes at home. Instructions $1.
(refundable). Reiss, 210 Fifth Ave., Suite 1102 -M, New York 10.
Liquid Casting Plastic clear, colors. Embed real flowers,

minerals, biological specimens, delicate instruments, electronic parts. Also cold- setting resin and fiberglass for laminating, casting, molding, coating. Manual 25C. Castolite, Dept.
NEW
B -108,
Woodstock,
Illinois.
STAMPS & COINS
200 pages. Sample 40C.

waukee, Chicago 48.
COIN Magazine.
MISCELLANEOUS
Scrapbook, 7328 Mil-
1000 DIFFERENT Worldwide Stamps $1.25. Valued over $20.00.

Universal, Box 6, Kenosha 18, Wisconsin.
100 LARGE U.S. Commemoratives -only 25C with approvals. Wm.
Rice, 87 Washington Ave., Kingston 41, N. Y.
UNITED Nations. Five different 10e. Approvals. Anderson, 1112
Harrison, San Francisco 3, Calif.
77 DIFFERENT U.S., 100 Different China, 25 Different Czechoslovakia, all 600 Approvals. Leonards, 1143M, North Keeler,
Chicago 51.
1959 Bargain American Coin Catalogue! Revised Prices!

Only 25e. Write! Sullivan, 128EA East Fourth St., St. Paul 1,
NEW!
Minnesota.
508 DIFFERENT Worldwide from Madagascar, Macao, Guinea,
etc., cataloging over $15.00 on 35e. Approvals. Littleton Stamp
Company, Littleton Q17, New Hampshire.
Raymax, 35 -VZD
U.S. Stamps. Giant Bargain Catalog -15C.
Maidenlane, NYC 38.
EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
WHY not be the person you wish to be, realizing the fulfillment
of your desires? Good things are attracted to you when you
know and apply the rules. Read: Man, God's Helpmate $1.25;
Using The Magnetic Forces of Your Mind $3.00 postpaid. I.P.
Society, Dept. Z, P.O. Box 42187, Los Angeles 42, California.
(In Calif. add 4% sales tax.)
BARBELLS. Courses, Apparatus. Catalogue 10C.
Co., Dept. D, Siloam Springs, Arkansas.
THE Law of Life Revealed and
Open Way, Celina, Tennessee.
America, The Islands. All trades.

Many companies pay fare. Write Dept. 71N, National EmployBroad,
Newark, N. J.
1020
ment Information,
JOBS Overseas! Janecek Development Co., 1093 Hub Station,
Pay;
USA,
So.
New York 55, N. Y.

AMERICAN Overseas Jobs. High Pay. Men, Women. Transportation Paid. Free Information. Write: Transworld Information
Service, Dept. FZ, 200 West 34th St., New York 1.
place men in industrial electronics

companies. National service. Write, giving training and experience, to Keystone Associates, 927 -15 N.W., Washington 5, D.C.
ELECTRONICS
Jobs.
We
Barbell
it, $1.00.
The
"WINEMAKING; Beer, Ale Brewing." Illustrated. $2.00. Many

Eaton Books, Box 1242 -C, Santa Rosa, California.
PRINTING Presses, Type, Supplies, Lists 4C. Turnbaugh Service,
Mechanicsburg, Pa.
others.
Saucers Latest Reports, Articles. Subscribe for "The

Saucerian" magazine. Six issues $2.00. Saucers, Dept. 5, Box
2228, Clarksburg, West Va.
ENGINES OHV V8's. All Popular Makes. 1956, 1959. Ledbetter
Enterprises, 1015 West 17th, Texarkana, Texas.
YOUR classified message placed right here will attract the attention of more than 265,000 purchasers. You'll get fast results.
For full details, write to Martin Lincoln, Popular Electronics,
FLYING
One Park Avenue, New York 16,

JOBS -High
How to Apply
Good
HYPNOTIZE
One Word
Satisfaction -or refund.
$2.
N. Y.
.
One fingersnap, on stage.
Hypnomaster, 846 -S8 Sunnyside,
Chicago 40.
Self- Defense street -fighting tricks. Designed to help

peaceful adults. $2. Gaucho, 846 -S8 Sunnyside, Chicago 40.
SONGPOEMS And Lyrics Wanted! Mail to: Tin Pan Alley, Inc.,
COBRA.
1650 Broadway, New York 19, N. Y.

PHONOGRAPH Records cheap, postpaid.
Box 242 -R, Williamsport, Penna.
Catalogue. Paramount,
BINOCULAR specialists, all makes repaired. Authorized Bausch

Lomb, Zeiss, Hensoldt, Bushnell dealer. Tele- Optics, 5514 Law-
rence, Chicago 30, Illinois.
Bargains- Request Free Giant Catalog "CJ." 96 pages

-Astronomical Telescopes, Microscopes, Lenses, Binoculars,
OPTICAL
PHOTOGRAPHY -FILM
Kits,
Parts. Amazing war surplus bargains. Edmund Scientific
Co., Barrington, New Jersey.
EQUIPMENT, SERVICES
Blackhawk's big sale catalog 8mm., 16mm. movies, 2 "x
Biggest selection anywhere! Projectors, cameras, supplies-big discounts! Get free, every three weeks,
12 -page newspaper size bargain list! Blackhawk Films, Davenport 24, Iowa.
ALASKA-Hawaii- Yosemite -or Yellowstone. Eight Colorslides $1.00.
Eddings, Roberts Avenue, Corning, N. Y.
5,000 8mm. -16mm. Films, Equipment. Free catalogues. International, Greenvale, New York.
ABSOLUTELY highest quality professional double weight enlargements at dealers prices. 5x7, 32e; 8x10, 39C; 11x14, 85C. No
extra charge for cropping or dodging. New negative from your
photo 60C; Minimum order $1.00. 25% discount on Kodacolor
processing. 20% discount on Developing By Kodak. Foto Portrait Co., 1172 -E Ogden Ave., New York City 52.
MESTON'S the preferred 35mm color slides. Top quality, biggest
library, best package. Exciting Preview Package four slides
hermetically sealed in plastic plus 80 page catalog, only $1.00.
Meston's Travels, Dept. PE, 3801 N. Piedras, El Paso, Texas.
FREE!
2" color slides.
February, 1959
The 265,000 people who purchase POPULAR ELECTRONICS are always in the
market for a good buy. So if you have
something to sell, let POPULAR ELECTRONICS readers know about it through
our classified columns. It costs very little; just 50e a word. Minimum message: 10 words. For further information write:
Martin Lincoln
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
One Park Avenue
New York 16, New York
133
RCA RADIATION COUNTER

MADE TO SELL FOR $160 -OFFERED FOR enlist
50
(Much less
of Manufacture.)
NET
INDICATES
Employs the extra sensitive 6306 Bismuth Type

Geiger Counter tube. Sensitivity is .015 Roentgens
per hour (1 MR /HR =6600 counts per minute).
RADIOACTIVITY
Three counting ranges: 0-200/2,000/20,000 counts
is
per minute.
IN3WAYS!
Handy reset button.
-BY NEON
2 -BY PHONE
3 -BY METER
is
Ideal for survey work because the complete unit

weighs only 51 lbs.
Sight and sound indications by neon flashes and
headphone. Then when an indication is obtained
you switch to meter reading for exact measurements.
p Decontamination easy with damp

cloth applied to the weather-
proofed aluminum case.

radioactive specimen
is included for instrument checking and experiments.
? Included
RADIOACTIVE
SPECIMEN
at no extra charge
U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission booklet titled "Prospecting with a
Counter."
Endless experiments and discoveries in the new exciting field of nuclear energy are made possible when you
acquire this finely built and engineered device. In the past, a rugged counter which was suitable for the prospecting of radio-active ores such as uranium, thorium and radium, was unsuitable for laboratory work due to the
inability of combining accuracy with ruggedness. Conversely, a laboratory counter, while being extremely sensitive, could not withstand use in the field where it would be subjected to abuse and abnormally hard knocks.
The Model WF -11AWB combines the laboratory and field counter in one rugged instrument. The use of phones
and a visible lamp permits the operator greater freedom of operation as he no longer has to keep his eyes
on a relatively small indicator.
In the laboratory where determinations of intensity (counts) of a reading are necessary, the WF -11AWB provides sensitivity far surpassing many laboratory counters.
SPECIFICATIONS
Three counting ranges are available:
0.200 counts per minute-used in cosmic ray and extremely
low activity determinations.
0-2,000 counts per minute -used for average activity and

normal work.
0.20,000 counts per minute used for tracer and high
activity determinations.
High accuracy is assured by the handy reset button, located

on the front panel, which permits compensation for vari-
ations of battery voltages and background count.

A rugged weather -proof aluminum case houses this light
economical unit. The batteries will provide over 200 hours
of intermittent operation from the two 671/2 volt batteries

and 50 hours from the three flash light batteries.
Comes with complete set of batteries, carrying strop,

headphone, radioactive specimen and A.E.G. book-
50
NET
SHIPPED ON APPROVAL
NO MONEY WITH ORDER -NO C.O.D.

SEE
FOLLOWING PAGE FOR COMPLETE DETAILS
MOSS ELECTRONIC, INC.

134
DEPT. D -550
3849 TENTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 34, N.Y.
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
TRY FOR 10 DAYS

before
then
you buy!
MN=
Superior's New
monthly payments.
MEW
REIM
in easy, interest freed
_---`
TUBE TESTER
TEST
below.
See coupon
OEM
truly do- it- yourself type
/Model 82
if satisfactory pay
-.
IIE
ANY TUBE IN IO SECONDS FLAT!

Insert it Into
Turn the filament
selector switch to position specified.
num-
bared socket as desig-
Press down the qual-
nated on our chart

(over 600 types In-
ity button
cluded).
THAT'S ALL!
Read emission
Model 82 -Tube Tester

Total Price ........... .........................$36.50
Terms: $6.50 after 10 day trial,
then $6.00 per month for 5
months.
quality direct on bad -good meter scale.

Production of this Model was delayed a full
year pending careful study by Superior's engineering staff of this new method of testing
tubes. Don't jfr the 1Q51 D5J,Q0
ssi 111111
We claim Model 82 will outperform similar
looking units which sell for much more-and
as proof, we offer to ship it on our examine
before you buy policy.
FEATURES:
Tests OZ4 and

Tests over 600 tube types.
Employs new 4" meter
other gas -filled tubes.
with sealed air- damping chamber resulting in
Use of 22
accurate vlbrationless readings.
sockets permits testing all popular tube types
Dual
and prevents possible obsolescence.
Scale meter permits testing of low current
tubes.
7 and 9 pin straighteners mounted on
panel.
All sections of multi- element tubes
tested simultaneously.
Ultra- sensitive leakage test circuit will indicate leakage up to 5
megohms.
Model 82 comes complete.

housed in portable, hand rubbed oak cabinet with re-
'365
Net
movable cover. Only
STANDARD PROFESSIONAL
Superior's
New ModTW
-el
TUBE TESTER
Tests all tubes, including 4, 5, 6, 7,

Octal, Lockin, Hearing Aid, Thyratron,
Miniatures, Sub -miniatures, Novais, Subminors, Proximity Fuse Types, etc.
Uses the new self -cleaning Lever Action Switches for individual element testing. Aiil elements are numbered according
to pin-number in the RMA base numbering system. Model TW -11 does not use
combination type sockets. Instead individual sockets are used for each type of
tube. Thus it is impossible to damage a
tube by inserting it in the wrong socket.
Free- moving built -in roll chart provides
complete data for all tubes. Printed in
large easy -to -read type.
NOISE TEST: Phono -jack on front panel

for plugging in either phones or external
amplifier detects microphonic tubes or
noise due to faulty elements and loose
internal connections.
EXTRAORDINARY FEATURE
SCALE FOR LOW- CURRENT
Previously, on emission -type tube
testers, it has been standard practice to
use one scale for all tubes. As a result,
the calibration for low- current types has
been restricted to a small portion of the
scale. The extra scale used here greatly
simplifies testing of low -current types.
50
Housed in hand -rubbed oak
SEPARATE
TUBES
cabinet
34
Model TW -11 -Tube Tester

Total Price ... ........................_$47.50
Terms: $11.50 after 10 day
trial, then $6.00 per month for
6 months.
Net
M. Steir
We invite you to try before you

buy any of the models described
on this page, the preceding
page and the following pages.
If after a 10 day trial you are
completely satisfied and decide
to keep the Tester, you need
send us only the down payment
and agree to pay the balance
due at the monthly indicated
rate.
NO INTEREST
OR FINANCE
CHARGES ADDED!
If not completely
satisfied, you
are privileged to return the Tester
to us, cancelling any further
r,
Dept. D -550
RCA RADIATION COUNTER
Total Price $47.50

within 10 days. Balance $6.00
monthly for 6 months.
Total Price $36.50
O Model 82
$6.50 within 10 days. Balance $6.00
monthly for 5 months.
D Model TV -50A ..
$11.50
within
monthly for
OTHER
SIDE
CUT OST AND MAIL
TODAY!
$11.50
within
monthly for
D Model
$12.50
days.
months.
will pay on
will return
I
10
5
days.
months.
$47.50
Balance $6.00
..Total Price
77
..Total Price
10 days.
6 months.
10
6
within
monthly for
Total Price
Model TW -1l
$11.50
obligation.
SEE
3849 Tenth Ave., New York 34, N. Y.
Please send me the units checked on approval. If complete y satisfied

the terms specified with no interest or finance charges added. Otherwise,
ofter a 10 doy trial positively cancelling all further obligation.
$42.50
Balance $6.00
$47.50
Balance $6.00
Name
Address
City
MOW
State
Zone
All prices net, F.O.B., N. Y.
C.
AIWA
r
r
SHIPPED ON APPROVAL
I -
NO MONEY WITH ORDER -NO G O. D.

_ _ _ MN _ t_ t_ _ t_ Il_
_
MOM
MIMI
EMIR
VACUUM TUBE VOLTMETER
WITH
NEW
it to oily peak -to -peak
Compare
6"
FULL -VIEW
Ely price!
micro -ampere meter is isolated from the

measuring circuit by a balanced push-pull
amplifier.
Uses selected 1% zero temperature coefficient resistors as multipliers. This
assures unchanging accurate readings on all
ranges.
SPECIFICATIONS
-0 to 3/15/75/150/300 /750/
volts at 11 megohms input resistance.
AC VOLTS (RMS)-0 to 3/15/75/150/
300/750/1,500 volts.
AC VOLTS (Peak to
not be tolerated.
Peak) -0 to 8/40/200/400/800 /2,000 volts.
ELECTRONIC OHMMETER -0 to 1,000
AS AN ELECTRONIC OHMMETER: Because
ohms/10,000 ohms/100,000 ohms/1 megof its wide range of measurement leaky caohm/10 megohms /100 megohms /1,000 megpacitors show up glaringly. Because of its
ohms.
DECIBELS: -10 db to + 18 db.
sensitivity and low loading, Intermittents
+ 10 db to + 38 db, + 30 db to + 58 db.
are easily found, isolated and repaired.
All based on 0 db = .006 watts (6 mw) into
AS AN AC VOLTMETER: Measures RMS
a 500 ohm line (1.73v).
ZERO CENTER
values if sine wave, and peak -to -peak value
METER -For discriminator alignment with
if complex wave. Pedestal voltages that defull scale range of 0 to 1.5/7.5/37.5/75 /
termine the "black" level In TV receivers
150/375/750 volts at 11 megohms input resistance.
are easily read.
50
Comes complete with operating instructions. probe leads, nd stream - S
lined carrying case. Operates on 110 -120 volt 60 cycle. Only
AS A DC VOLTMETER: The Model 77 is
in-
dispensable in Hi -Fi Amplifier servicing and

a must for Black and White and color TV
Receiver servicing where circuit loading can-
Model 77- Vacuum Tube Voltmeter

Total Price
$42.50
Terms: $12.50 after 10 day trill,
_
months.
METER
V. T. V. M. made by any other manufacturer at
Extra large meter scale enables us to print

all calibrations in large easy -to-read type.
Employs a 12A7 as D. C. amplifier and
two 9006's as peak -to -peak voltage rectifiers
Meter is
to assure maximum stability.
virtually burn -out proof. The sensitive 400
then $6.00 per month for
=MR
DC VOLTS
1,500
Net
Superior's New Model TV -50,4
GENOMETER
Signal Generators in One!
Signal Generator for A.M.

Signal Generator for F.M.
Audio Frequency Generator
Bar Generator
R.F.
R.F.
Color Dot Pattern Generator

Cross Hatch Generator
Marker Generator
All- Inclusive GENERATOR Provides ALL the Outputs for Servicing:

A.M. RADIO
F.M. RADIO
AMPLIFIERS
BLACK AND WHITE TV
This Versatile
SIGNAL GENERATOR: 100 Kilocycles to 60 Megacycles on fundamentals

and from 60 Megacycles to 180 Megacycles on powerful harmonics.
VARIABLE AUDIO FREQUENCY GENERATOR: Provides a variable 300 cycle
to 20,000 cycle peaked wave audio signal.
MARKER GENERATOR: The following
markers are provided: 189 Kc., 262.5 Kc.,
456 Kc., 600 Kc., 1000 Kc., 1400 Kc., 1600
Kc., 2000 Kc., 2500 Kc., 3579 Kc., 4.5
Mc., 5 Mc., 10.7 Mc., (3579 Kc. is the
color burst frequency).
R. F.
Model TV50- A- Genometer

Total Price
._.
__....._..........$47.50
.
Terms: $11.50 after 10 day trial,

then $6.00 per month for 6
months.
rI
Wr/IIIIWA II PP/a P
547"
47"
TRY FOR 107 DAYS
We invite you to try before you

buy any of the models described
on this and the preceding pages.
If after a 10 day trial you are
completely satisfied and decide to
keep the Tester, you need send us
only the down payment and agree,
to pay the balance due at the
monthly indicated rate. (See other
side for time payment schedule
Permit No.61430
New York, N. Y.
BUSINESS
Postage Stamp
REPLY
Necessary if
POSTAGE WILL
BE
CARD
Mailed in the
PAID BY
U. S.
BEFORE you buy!
THEN if satisfacto
pay in easy, interest free, monthly
payments. See coupon inside.
FIRST CLASS
No
COLOR TV
BAR GENERATOR: Pattern consists of

4 to 16 horizontal bars or 7 to 20 vertical bars.
DOT PATTERN GENERATOR (FOR
COLOR TV): The Dot Pattern projected
on any color TV Receiver tube by the
Model TV -50A will enable you to adjust
for proper color convergence.
CROSS HATCH GENERATOR: The pattern consists of non -shifting horizontal
and vertical lines interlaced
to provide a stable cross50
hatch effect.
Complete with shielded leads
details.)
NO INTEREST
ViA AIR MAIL
OR FINANCE
CHARGES ADDED!
If not completely satisfied, you

are privileged to return the Tester
to us, cancelling any further
obligation.
3849 TENTH AVENUE
SEE
NEW YORK 34, N.Y.
OTHER
SIDE
CUT OUT AND MAIL
TODAY!

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ow-Cost Speaker System

Short-Wave Listeners Guide

Published periodically by the NATIONAL CO. INC., MALDEN 48, MASS.

FIRST ALL-NEW, LOW- PRICED SHORTWAVE RECEIVER

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This course includes the parts to build a portable, sturdy IAddress

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PanAmerican Union countries 54.30, all other foreign countries, $5.00.

Special Hi -Fi Features

Electronic and Audio Construction Projects

The Duo -Flex Speaker System

Amateur and SWL

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Space Spanner Pulls In 16,000 -Mile DX

Build This Signal Peaker