Vitrek 944i Operating Manual 3.39A and Lower 2013-03-13

944i Dielectric Analyzer
Operating & Maintenance Manual

This Manual is for 944i with firmware 3.39A and Lower
Vitrek Corporation
9880A Via Pasar, San Diego, CA 92126
USA
V: 858 689 2755
F: 858 689 2760
Web: www.vitrek.com
Email: info@vitrek.com
Copyright Vitrek Corporation 1992-2013, all rights reserved, rev 2013-03-13
Table of Contents
Introduction .........................................................................................................1
Certification & Warranty Statement .......................................................................1
Safety Precautions ..................................................................................................2
1 Getting Started
Unpacking...............................................................................................................3
Initial Adjustments..................................................................................................3
Front Panel Layout .................................................................................................4
Rear Panel Layout...................................................................................................5
Instructions for Bench Use .....................................................................................6
Instructions for Rack Mounting ..............................................................................6
Earth Ground Connection .......................................................................................6
Current Detection Circuitry ....................................................................................6
2 Direct Mode Operation

DC Dielectric Strength Testing...............................................................................7
AC Dielectric Strength Testing...............................................................................8
Insulation Resistance (Megohm) Measurement......................................................10
Earth Continuity (Low Ohms) Measurement..........................................................11
3 Automatic Mode Operation

DC Dielectric Strength Testing...............................................................................13
AC Dielectric Strength Testing...............................................................................15
Insulation Resistance (Megohm) Measurement......................................................17
Earth Continuity (Low Ohms) Measurement..........................................................18
Adding Test Steps...................................................................................................19
Storing Tests ...........................................................................................................19
Recalling Tests........................................................................................................20
Editing Tests ...........................................................................................................20
Printing Test Reports ..............................................................................................21
Aborting Tests ........................................................................................................21
4 Test Connections
Test Connection Safety Precautions .......................................................................23
Connecting to Earth Grounded Devices .................................................................23
Connecting to Non-Grounded Devices ...................................................................24
Typical Electrical Safety Test Connection .............................................................25
5 Systems Controls
Running Self Tests..................................................................................................27
Setting System Clock..............................................................................................28
Beeper Control........................................................................................................28
Selecting Arc Sensitivity ........................................................................................28
Enabling Auto Ground Testing...............................................................................29
Enabling Ramp Down.............................................................................................29
Ramp Current Limit................................................................................................29
Safety Interlock.......................................................................................................30
Front Panel Lockout ..............................................................................................30

Pass/Fail Counters .................................................................................................30
6 Remote Operation
Option IF-4 Interface Card Description ..................................................................31
IEEE-488.2 (GPIB) Programming..........................................................................31
RS-232C Communication Port ...............................................................................38
Parallel Printer Port.................................................................................................39
Vitrek Instrument Control Loop (VICL) ................................................................39
7 Options and Accessories

Description of Optional Items.................................................................................40
8 Maintenance
Routine System Inspection and Maintenance .........................................................42
Verification Procedure............................................................................................43
Performing an External Auto-Calibration...............................................................45
EPROM Upgrade Procedure...................................................................................48
9 Specifications
944i Performance Specifications ............................................................................50
Introduction
The Vitrek 944i Dielectric Analyzer combines the four basic dielectric tests into one compact, easy to use, feature-rich instrument.
The 944i's standard multi-function capabilities include - AC and DC Dielectric strength testing, Insulation Resistance (IR)
measurement to 100 gigaohms and Earth Continuity measurement down to 10 milliohms. All of these tests can be run in either
manual or automatic mode, as well as, via remote control using the optional IEEE-488.2 (GPIB), RS-232C or parallel
communication ports.
Vitrek has taken advantage of advanced microprocessor and ASIC technologies in order to reduce the size and complexity of the
944i while increasing reliability and functionality when compared to traditional hi-pot testers. Operating the 944i is easier than
ever due to extensive menu prompting on the unit's brilliant 40 character back-lit LCD. Built-in test procedure storage and edit
capability increases test throughput and reduces test development time. Internal diagnostics ensure that the 944i is properly
functioning at all times while the automatic calibration capability maintains highest possible systems accuracy.
Read the Vitrek 944i manual carefully before operating the instrument. Should you have any questions, Please contact your local
Vitrek Service Center or Vitrek Customer Satisfaction Department at 9880A Via Pasar, San Diego, CA 92126 phone (858)6892755 fax (858)689-2760.
Certification
Vitrek Corporation certifies that this instrument was thoroughly tested and inspected and found to meet published specifications
when shipped from the factory. Vitrek Corporation further certifies that the calibration of this instrument is traceable to the
National Institute of Standards and Technology to the extent allowed by NIST's calibration facility.
Limited Warranty
The warranty period for this instrument is stated on your invoice and packing list. Please refer to these documents to
determine appropriate warranty dates. Vitrek warrants to the original purchaser that this product will be free from defects in
material and workmanship under normal use throughout the warranty period. Vitrek Corporation's liability under this
warranty is limited solely to the repair or replacement of this instrument during the warranty period, provided it is returned to
the factory freight prepaid with return authorization number. And provided that such defects are not determined by Vitrek to
have been caused by abuse, misuse, alteration, improper installation, neglect or environmental conditions. No other warranty
is expressed or implied. Vitrek Corporation is not liable for incidental, consequential, direct or indirect damages or for costs,
losses or expenses of any kind. A return authorization number must be obtained directly from the factory for warranty
repairs. No liability will be accepted if returned without factory authorization number.
Safety Precautions
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of this
instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety
standards of design, manufacture and intended use of the instrument. Vitrek Corporation assumes no liability for the
customer's failure to comply with these requirements.
GROUND THE INSTRUMENT

To minimize shock hazard, the instrument must be connected to an electrical ground. This should be accomplished through the
earth ground pin of the instrument's power connector and power cord.
DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE

Operation of any electrical instrument in the presence of flammable gases, fumes or particles constitutes a definite safety hazard.
DO NOT REMOVE COVERS

Operating personnel must not attempt component replacement or internal adjustment. Dangerous voltages may exist internally
even when the power is switched off. Because of the dangers of introducing additional hazards, do not install substitute parts or
perform any unauthorized modifications to the instrument. Refer the unit to qualified maintenance personnel or to your nearest
Vitrek service center.
DO NOT OPERATE ALONE

Do not attempt to operate the instrument at high voltages unless another person, capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation, is
present.
DANGER! HIGH VOLTAGE

Use extreme caution when working with high voltages. Never remove or insert test leads from the 944i while high voltage is
present. Only use test lead materials which have adequate high voltage ratings. Inspect test leads regularly for signs of wear and
abrasion.
READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MANUAL

Prior to operating this instrument, the user must be familiar with the operating procedures, controls and precautions.
Unpacking
If the shipping carton is damaged, request that the carrier's agent be present when the instrument is unpacked. If the instrument
appears damaged, notify the carrier's agent for repair authorization before returning the instrument to Vitrek.
It is also necessary to notify Vitrek and receive a RETURN MATERIALS AUTHORIZATION number before returning the
instrument.
Even if the instrument appears undamaged, it may have suffered internal damage in transit that may not be evident until operated
or tested to verify performance. If the instrument fails to operate, notify the carrier's agent and Vitrek or your local Vitrek Service
Center. Retain the shipping carton for the carrier's inspection.
.........................................................................................
Initial Adjustments
The only adjustments required prior to operation of the 944i are selection of the local power source voltage and verification that
the correct fuse for this voltage is fitted. The supply voltages and fuses are listed below:
105 to 128VAC 50/60Hz
5 Amp slow blow fuse
210 to 256 VAC 50/60Hz
2.5 or 3 Amp slow blow fuse
Unless specifically requested, all units shipped to North American locations are factory set for 115VAC. Check the rear panel
mounted selector switch to ensure that the proper line voltage is selected prior to applying power to the 944i.
.........................................................................................
Front Panel Layout
1. Main Display
2. Power Switch
3. Function Keys
4. L.E.D. Indicators
5. Mode Keys
6. Numeric Entry Keys
7. Calibration Enable Switch
8. Measurement Terminals
Main Display - The 944i utilizes a 2 row by 20 Character, alphanumeric, backlit LCD.
Power Switch - The 944i features an ergonomic, rocker style power switch.
Function Keys - The keypad grouping immediately below the main display contains 11 function keys. The functions are (from
left to right, top row first): High Voltage Enable, VAC (AC Dielectric), VDC (DC Dielectric), Left Arrow, Right Arrow, High
Voltage Disable, Megohms (Insulation resistance), Low-ohms (Continuity), Up Arrow, Down Arrow and Enter. The High
Voltage Disable key is highlighted in bright red for easy identification. This key may be used at any time to disable the high
voltage output and return the instrument to a safe operating state.
L.E.D. Indicators - The 944i is equipped with 10 front panel L.E.D. status indicators. They are (from top to bottom): High
Voltage Present, High Voltage Enabled, Testing, VICL Port Active, Printing, RS232 Active, GPIB Remote, Talk, Listen and SRQ
(remote service request).
Mode Keys - The two columns of keys to the right of the status indicators are the mode keys. A listing of the 10 mode keys (from
left to right, top row to bottom row) is as follows: Recall Test Program, Edit Test Program, Print, Menu, System Test, System
Configuration, Internal Calibration, External Calibration, GPIB Address and Local.
Numeric Entry Keys - The numeric entry keys are located to the right of the mode keys. They consist of 0 through 9, +/-, Decimal
Point (.), Enter, Clear and Reset.
Calibration Enable Switch - The calibration enable switch is recessed behind the front panel and is located to the right of the
numeric entry keys. The calibration enable switch may be secured by a calibration sticker which must be broken in order to
engage the switch.
Measurement Terminals - The 944i is designed with three safety sheathed banana plug receptacles for stimulus and measurement.
Warning! Terminals provide dangerous and potentially lethal voltages. Read and understand all safety precautions before
connecting to these measurement terminals.
Rear Panel Layout
1. Fan Filter Assembly

2. Line Voltage Selector
3. Rear Panel Terminals
4. Line power Receptacle
5. RS232 Port
6. IEEE-488 Port
7. VICL/ SIJ Ports
8. Parallel Printer Port
9. Chassis Ground Terminal
Fan Filter Assembly - The 944i uses a removable fan filter to clean the air used for cooling. Refer to the maintenance section of
this manual for instructions on periodic removal and cleaning.
Line Voltage Selector - To select between 115 and 230 VAC line voltage operation, the 944i provides a built-in line voltage
selector switch. Refer to the initial settings instructions, located earlier in this section of the manual, prior to changing switch
positions.
RPO Rear Panel Output Terminals - The 944i may be optionally equipped with rear output terminals for applications (such as rack
mounting) where this feature is desirable and convenient.
Line Power Receptacle - Power is provided to the 944i through a three-prong internal type power receptacle. A power cord,
which mates with this receptacle, is also provided.
RS232 Port - The 944i uses a 9-pin male "D" sub connector for serial communications when the option IF-4 interface package is
ordered.
IEEE-488 Port - Access to the optional IEEE-488/ GPIB interface is accomplished through this connector.
VICL/SIJ Ports - The 944i is configured with a proprietary serial control ports when the IF-4 interface package is ordered. This
serial port is provided to communicate with auxiliary instruments such as the 930i Ground Integrity Tester. The SIJ port is
optionally available for connection to safety interlock devices (i.e. palm switches or micro-switches).
Parallel Printer Port - To output data to an Epson FX-80 compatible parallel printer, the 944i utilizes a standard 25 pin "D" sub
connector. The parallel printer capability is part of the IF-4 interface package.
Chassis Ground Terminal. This binding post provides convenient access to the 944i's chassis ground. The chassis ground
terminal is used in the process of calibrating the 944i.
.........................................................................................
Instructions for Bench Use

The 944i is delivered ready for bench operation. The unit is equipped with front tilt feet to adjust viewing angle. The 944i is also
equipped with side handles to assist in carrying the unit. Use caution when lifting, the 944i is surprisingly heavy. Hold handles
toward the rear of the unit for best balance. Always verify that the power cord is equipped with a three terminal connector before
applying power to the 944i.
.........................................................................................
Instructions for Rack Mounting

Optional rack mounting brackets are available for mounting the 944i in a standard 19" equipment rack. The size and weight of the
944i require that the unit should be supported on both sides along its entire length by the use of trays or slides. If it is to be
transported while mounted in a rack, it must be supported to prevent upward or downward movement.
To install the RM-1 rack mount kit, remove the two forward flathead screws on each side of the 944i. Position the rack ears in
place and install with the provided 5/8 inch 8-32 flathead screws. CAUTION! Longer screws may damage the unit. The
specifications for the 944i become degraded at high temperatures, therefore it is recommended sufficient room be allowed for
airflow around the 944i. This may be achieved by placing at east 1.75" high blank panels above and below the 944i in the rack.
Under no circumstances should the ambient air temperature surrounding the 944i be allowed to exceed 50 C while in operation or
70 C while not in operation.
Earth Ground Connection

The power connector should be a three-contact device meeting the safety requirements of the area in which the 944i is to be used
and should only be mated with a three-contact connector where the third contact provides ground connection. If the power is
provided through an extension cable then the ground connection must be continuous throughout this cable to the 944i.
FAILURE TO PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS GROUND CONNECTION TO THE 944i MAY RENDER THE UNIT
UNSAFE FOR USE.
Current Detection Circuitry

The 944i is equipped with three separate circuits for the monitoring and measurement of the output current. For precision
measurement, the 944i utilizes an RMS measurement circuit based on a 12 bit ADC. When load failures are detected using the
RMS circuit, a typical failure message would be "failed-max I" or "failed-min I".
For high-speed detection of load breakdown, the 944i utilizes a peak current comparator circuit which is set to trip at
approximately 50 mA peak. When sudden breakdown occurs, the peak detection circuit will generally trigger before the slower,
precision RMS measurement circuit. The failure message for the over current circuit is "Failed-OVR Current".
The final circuit which the 944i contains for catching load failures is a user programmable arc detector. The arc detector checks
for small current pulses using a DIDT comparator circuit. The user selectable arc detection modes of "fast", "medium", and
"slow" equates to arc pulse width of approximately 3, 10 and 30 micro seconds. The failure message of the arc detector is "FailedArc".
Operating the Vitrek 944i in direct mode permits the user to manually control the output up or down while monitoring the leakage
current being drawn by the load. When operating in the direct mode the user is in full control of the measurement process - ramp
rate and dwell time are a function of how fast the user changes the output voltage and how long the user chooses to stay at that
setting. Voltage and current limits are set by the user to prevent accidental excursion beyond those preset points.
DC Dielectric Strength Function

In evaluating the ability of materials to insulate against the flow of electricity, the DC Dielectric Strength Test is extremely
valuable. The DC test function specifically analyzes the ability of a material to resist the flow of direct current in the presence of a
high voltage. Other common names for the DC Dielectric strength test include: DC Hipot, DC Voltage Breakdown and DC
Voltage Withstand.
To gain access to the DC Dielectric test mode, simply press the VDC button located under the display window. Upon pressing the
VDC button, the following display prompt will appear:
DC DIELECTRIC TEST
DIRECT AUTOMATIC
This message confirms that the DC function has been selected and offers two different operating modes. By using the left/right
cursor arrows, one can alternatively highlight either Direct mode or Automatic mode.
Direct mode permits manual operation and is highlighted when the Direct/Automatic menu pops-up. To select Direct mode,
simply press enter. The following prompt will appear:
ENTER MAX VOLTAGE
1000 VOLTS
This prompt allows the operator to set a maximum test voltage. This limit prevents the user from inadvertently exceeding the
intended range of output voltage. The 1000 VDC shown is the default limit. To enter another limit, simply press the number keys
for the desired value. The range of limits for the VDC function may be as low as 100 VDC or as high as 5000 VDC. Once the
desired voltage limit is displayed, press enter to advance to the next step.
The last setup prompt in VDC direct mode is the current limit prompt as shown below:
ENTER MAX CURRENT
10.0 mA
This value sets the maximum amount of leakage current, which the 944i will source without shutting down the test. Any current,
which exceeds this limit, will cause the unit to automatically stop the test. The default value is 10.0 mA. However, any value
between 100 nA and 35 mA may be used. To change the value of the current limit, use the number keypad. To change the units
from m (milli) to u (micro) or n (nano), use the up/down cursor arrows. Once the desired maximum current limit is displayed,
press enter to complete the test set-up for VDC Direct mode.
For safety purposes, the 944i requires a two-step key press sequence prior to initiating high voltage testing. Before beginning
this sequence, it is important to ensure that the device under test is properly connected to the 944i test terminals. Please refer
to the "Test Connections" section of the operating manual before proceeding.
WARNING!: failure to observe test connection precautions may result in severe injury or death to the operator. The
display will prompt the user to press the HV enable key as follows:
HIGH VOLTAGE ENABLE
REQUIRED
Once the test connections have been verified, press the HV enable button. After pressing the high voltage enable key the final
prompt is:
PRESS ENTER TO
START TEST
Upon pressing the enter key the 944i will sound a number of warning beeps while flashing the HV enable indicator. If the user
has enabled the auto-ground test feature of the 944i, the unit will automatically check the chassis of the DUT for earth ground
continuity before applying high voltage to the DUT.
Whenever any voltage greater than 80 volts is applied to the output terminals, the high voltage present indicator will automatically
illuminate. The starting point for all direct high voltage tests is at 100V. The test display is arranged with the top row indicating
the output voltage in both digital read-out and bar graph formats. The multi-segment bar graph represents the proportion of output
voltage relative to the preset voltage limit. For example, if the output setting was 500 volts and the preset voltage limit was 2500
volts approximately 20% of the bar graph segments will be illuminated.
Adjacent to the bar graph is a digital display of the output voltage setting. The display is a four-digit display with a resolution of
one volt. The digit that is blinking is the digit that is presently subject to modification by the up/down cursors. To increase the
output voltage, press the up arrow. To decrease the output, press the down arrow. To move the blinking digit to the left or right,
use the left/right cursors.
If at any time during direct output control the preset maximum current limit is exceeded, the test is automatically aborted and a
maximum current exceeded message will be displayed. When the user has completed direct mode testing, press the High Voltage
Disable/Stop key to remove the high voltage output. ALWAYS verify that the high voltage present indicator has extinguished
prior to handling the test leads.
.........................................................................................
AC Dielectric Strength Function

AC dielectric strength testing is performed to evaluate a materials ability to resist the flow of alternating current in the presence of
high voltage. The AC dielectric strength test is also commonly referred to as: AC Hipot, AC Voltage Breakdown and AC Voltage
Withstand.
To begin an AC dielectric test press VAC. The 944i will respond with the following message:
AC DIELECTRIC TEST
DIRECT
AUTOMATIC
This message confirms that the AC function has been selected and offers two different operating modes. By using the left/right
cursor arrows, one can alternatively highlight either Direct mode or Automatic mode.
Direct mode permits manual operation and is highlighted when the Direct/Automatic menu pops up. To select DIRECT mode,
simply press enter. The following prompt will appear:
ENTER MAX VOLTAGE
1000 VOLTS
intended range of output voltage. The 1000 VAC shown is the default limit. To enter another limit, simply press the number keys
for the desired value. The range of limits for the VAC function may be as low as 100 VAC or as high as 5000 VAC. Once the
desired voltage limit is displayed, press enter to advance to the next step.
After the voltage limit has been set the 944i will prompt for a test frequency. This advanced feature, which enables the user to test
AC dielectric strength over a wide range of test frequencies, is unique to the Vitrek 944i. The frequency prompt is as follows:
SELECT TEST FREQUENCY
60 HZ 50 HZ _ _ _ HZ
Should the user desire a test frequency of 60 Hz, press enter. If 50 Hz is the desired test frequency, use the right cursor to
highlight the 50 Hz option and then press enter. When an alternate test frequency is required, use the cursors to highlight the _ _ _
Hz option and then use the number keys to fill in the frequency of interest and then press enter.
Following frequency selection, the current sense selection menu will appear as shown below:
SELECT CURRENT SENSE
REAL APPARENT TOTAL
The Vitrek 944i uses internal phase angle circuitry to determine if the leakage current being measured is a result of a resistive load
(real), reactive load (apparent) or both (total). In most applications total current is the desired sense mode and is highlighted when
the current sense prompt pops-up. To select "total" press the enter key.
In many applications involving devices with EMI filters, the current being drawn by the filter capacitor is of no interest to the
user. To ignore the current flow caused by the reactive component, select the "real" current sense mode. To determine the
amount of current flow caused by the reactive component, select "apparent" current sense.
Due to the nature of phase measurement, it is difficult to accurately determine the phase of low amplitude signals. To prevent
erroneous phase measurement under low amplitude conditions, the 944i will automatically default to "total" current sense when
phase signals are below the minimum threshold.
Once the current sense mode has been selected, the 944i will prompt the user to set a current limit with the following message:
ENTER MAX CURRENT
10.0 mA
This value sets the maximum amount of leakage current which the 944i will source prior to shutting down the test. Any current
which exceeds this limit will cause the unit to automatically stop the test. The default value is 10.0 mA. However, any value
between 1nA and 35 mA may be used. To change the value of the current limit, use the number keypad. To change the units
from m (milli) to u (micro) or n (nano), use the up/down cursor arrows. Once the desired maximum current limit is displayed,
press enter to complete the test set-up for VAC Direct mode.
For safety purposes, the 944i requires a two step key press sequence prior to initiating high voltage testing. Before beginning this
sequence, it is important to ensure that the device under test is properly connected to the 944i test terminals. Please refer to the
"Test Connections" section of the operating manual before proceeding. WARNING!, failure to observe safety precautions may
result in severe injury or death to the operator. The display will prompt the user to press the HV enable key as follows:
HIGH VOLTAGE ENABLE
REQUIRED
Once the test connections have been verified, press the HV enable key. After pressing the high voltage enable key the final prompt
is:
PRESS ENTER TO
START TEST
.........................................................................................
Insulation Resistance (Megohm) Function

In addition to having AC and DC dielectric strength functions, the Vitrek 944i also offers the convenience of high resistance
measurement. To call the insulation resistance (megohm) function, press the megohm key. The following prompt will appear:
MEG OHM TEST
DIRECT AUTOMATIC
For direct (manual control) mode, press enter, as the direct mode is highlighted when the menu pops-up. The next prompt is as
follows:
ENTER MAX VOLTAGE
1000 VOLTS
intended range of output voltage. The 1000 VDC shown is the default limit. To enter another limit, simply press the number keys
for the desired value. The range of test voltages for the Megohm function is from a low of 100 VDC to a maximum of 2500 VDC.
Once the desired voltage limit has been entered, press enter to advance to the next step.
ENTER MIN RESISTANCE
1.000 MEGOHMS
The minimum resistance value is a built-in safety feature. Should the load resistance drop below this value the 944i will
automatically stop the test. The default value is 1 megohm. The lowest allowable minimum resistance value is 100 K. Should
the user care to use a different value, just enter the new value and press the enter key. To change the units from M (mega) to G
(giga) or K (kilo) use the up down cursor arrows.
As in AC and DC, the Megohm function of the 944i requires a two-step key press sequence that the device under test is properly
connected to the 944i test terminals. Please refer to the "Test Connections" section of the operating manual before proceeding.
WARNING!, failure to observe safety precautions may result in severe injury or death to the operator. Before beginning this
sequence, it is important to ensure that the device under test is properly connected to the 944i test terminals.
The display will prompt the user to press the HV enable key as follows:
HIGH VOLTAGE ENABLE

REQUIRED
Once the test connections have been verified, press the HV enable key. After pressing the high voltage enable key the final prompt
is:
PRESS ENTER TO
START TEST
Upon pressing the enter key the 944i will sound a number of warning beeps while flashing the HV enable indicator. If the autoground test feature is enabled, the unit will automatically check the chassis of the DUT for earth ground continuity before
applying high voltage to the DUT.
The starting test voltage for high resistance measurement is 100 VDC. The test display is arranged with the top row indicating the
output voltage in both digital read-out and bar graph formats. The multi-segment bar graph represents the proportion of output
voltage relative to the preset voltage limit. For example, if the output setting was 500 volts and the preset voltage limit was 1000
volts approximately 50% of the bar graph segments will be illuminated.
Adjacent to the bar graph is a digital display of the output voltage setting. The display is a four digit display with a resolution of
one volt. The digit that is blinking is the digit that is presently subject to modification by the up/down cursors. To increase the
output voltage, press the up arrow. To decrease the output voltage, press the down arrow. To move the blinking digit to the left or
right use the left/right cursor controls.
When the user has completed direct mode testing, press the High Voltage Disable/Stop key to remove the high voltage output.
ALWAYS verify that the high voltage present indicator has extinguished prior to handling the test leads.
.........................................................................................
Low Resistance (Continuity) Function

The Vitrek 944i Dielectric Analyzer is a true multi-function tester. In addition to high voltage testing, the 944i has built-in low
resistance measurement capability. The 944i can measure resistance from 0.001 ohm to 8.5 ohms, with the option LO-500 this
range can be extended up to 500 ohms. The measurement is made with a 50mA test current. For regulatory compliance testing of
earth ground continuity the Vitrek 930i Ground Integrity Analyzer is recommended.
To start low resistance testing, press the low ohms key. The low ohm prompt will appear as follows:
LOW OHM TEST
DIRECT AUTOMATIC
To conduct manual low resistance measurements, select the direct option. The 944i uses a 2-wire measurement technique.
Proper zeroing of test lead resistance is essential to obtaining reliable results. To facilitate the canceling of lead wire
resistance the 944i will provide a brief message as follows:
PRESS 0 TO NULL
LEAD RESISTANCE
It is recommended that the user "null" the lead set periodically to obtain the most accurate results. Always do a "null" when a
new or different set of test leads are used with the unit. If you wish to null the test leads press the zero (0) key. When the "0"
is pressed the following prompt will appear:
SHORT V LO & CHASSIS
SENSE LEADS (ENTER)
The low resistance measurement is made between the V LO and Chassis Sense terminals. Apply a short to the end of the leads
and press enter. The 944i will measure the lead resistance and store the value in non-volatile memory. Until a new value is stored
the 944i will use this value to offset the lead resistance each time a low ohms test is done. In the event that the lead resistance is
too high or a poor contact is made, the 944i will advise the user to check leads.
Should one elect not to null out the leads or following the null routine the 944i goes directly into the low ohms mode. There is no
"High Voltage Enable" prompt as the low ohms test is conducted with a low voltage constant current source. When measuring
low resistance the reading is displayed in four digit format with a fixed decimal to the right of the most significant digit. The
maximum reading is approximately 8.500 ohms. When the measurement range is exceeded, the display will show four asterisks
(****). In the automatic test mode the Vitrek 944i is a powerful, high volume test system in one compact package. Whether
operating from the front panel or via the GPIB interface, the 944i can quickly execute a wide variety of tests comparing each step
to preset user limits. Test routines can be easily entered, stored, recalled and edited using the 944i's built-in procedure generator.
When the test is completed, hard copy test results are available at the touch of a button, provided the optional IF-4 interface card is
installed. The IF-4 option includes GPIB, RS232, parallel printer port and VICL port.
DC Dielectric Strength Function

The DC Dielectric test in the automatic mode is essentially the same as in direct mode, however, once the parameters for the test
have been set the test is fully automatic. Unlike most testers, all test parameters are fully programmable. The 944i has no rear
panel pots to adjust and no factory set test values.
To begin a new DC Dielectric test, press the VDC key located under the display window. Upon pressing the VDC button, the
following display prompt will appear:
DC DIELECTRIC TEST
DIRECT AUTOMATIC
This message confirms that the DC function has been selected and offers both operating modes. Use the right cursor arrow to
highlight the Automatic mode and then press enter. The following prompt will appear:
ENTER TEST VOLTAGE
1000 VOLTS
This prompt allows the operator to set the test voltage. The 1000 VDC shown is the default test voltage. To enter another test
voltage, simply press the number keys for the desired value. The range of output for the VDC function may be as low as 100
VDC or as high as 5000 VDC (7000 VDC with option DC-7 or 10,000 VDC with option DC-10). Once the desired test voltage is
displayed, press enter to advance to the next step.
ENTER SLEW RATE
_100 VOLTS/SEC
The slew rate prompt allows the test developer to automatically set the ramp rate so that the output voltage linearly increases up to
the test voltage. The slew rate can be set from 1 volt per second to 2000 volts per second. If 100 v/s is the desired ramp rate press
enter now. If another rate is desired, use the number keys to input a new value and then press enter. The next prompt is as
follows:
ENTER MAX CURRENT
10.0 mA
This value sets the maximum amount of leakage current which the 944i will source without failing the DUT and shutting down the
test. Any current which exceeds this limit will cause the unit to automatically stop the test. The default value is 10.0 mA. Any
value between 1nA and 35mA may be used. To change the value of the current limit, use the number keypad. To change the
units from m (milli) to u (micro) or n (nano), use the up/down cursor arrows. Once the desired maximum current limit is
displayed, press enter. After the maximum current limit is set the next prompt is:
ENTER MIN CURRENT
0.0_ mA
The minimum current limit is provided as a convenience to assure that the load is actually connected. Any current measured
below this limit will cause the unit to automatically stop the test. The default value is 0.0 mA. When the minimum current limit
12
is set to zero, the limit becomes inactive. Any value between 0 nA and 35 mA may be used as a minimum current limit. To
change the value of the current limit, use the number keypad. To change the units from m (milli) to u (micro) or n (nano), use the
up/down cursor arrows. Once the desired current limit is displayed, press enter. The next prompt is:
ENTER RAMP CURRENT
10.0 mA
The ramp current feature allows the user to program separate max current limits for the ramp and dwell portions of the test. The
default value for the ramp current limit is the same value as the dwell current limit. The next prompt is:
ENTER TEST TIME
10.0 SECONDS
The test time is the amount of time that the 944i will hold the test voltage once it has arrived at that voltage. This period is often
referred to as dwell time. During the dwell time the unit continuously monitors leakage current against both min and max current
limits, while holding the output constant. If at any time during either the ramp or dwell period, a current limit is exceeded the test
is stopped and the DUT is failed. If the test time elapses then the DUT has successfully passed the test without tripping a limit.
Use the number keypad to overwrite the default test time with the desired time and then press enter. This completes the test
parameters for automatic DC Dielectric testing. The next prompt is as follows:
SELECT MODE
RUN ADD CHANNL STORE
Run is the highlighted menu item when the select mode prompt appears. If the user chooses, another step can be added on before
running the test. The cursor arrows may be used to select any of the desired mode options. Detailed instructions on the add,
channel and store functions can be located later in this chapter. If the user is interested in repeating the test just entered, it is
recommended that the test be stored. To run the test that has just been set-up, press enter while the "run" is highlighted.
As in direct mode testing, the automatic mode of the 944i requires a two step key press sequence prior to initiating high voltage
testing. Before beginning this sequence, it is important to ensure that the device under test is properly connected to the 944i test
terminals. Please refer to the "Test Connections" section of the operating manual before proceeding.
WARNING! Failure to observe test connection precautions may result in severe injury or death to the operator. The display will
prompt the user to press the HV enable key as follows:
HIGH VOLTAGE ENABLE
REQUIRED
prompt is:
PRESS ENTER TO
START TEST
........................................................................................
AC Dielectric Strength Function

To set-up a new AC Dielectric test, press the VAC key. The familiar confirmation prompt will appear as follows:
AC DIELECTRIC TEST
DIRECT AUTOMATIC
Use the right cursor arrow to highlight the Automatic mode, then press enter. The following prompt will appear:
ENTER TEST VOLTAGE
1000 VOLTS
This prompt allows the operator to set the test voltage. The 1000 VAC shown is the default test voltage. To enter another test
voltage, simply press the number keys for the desired value. The range of output for the VAC function is from 100 to 5000 VAC
RMS (8000 VAC with option AC-8). When the desired test voltage is displayed, press enter to advance to the next step.
ENTER SLEW RATE
_100 VOLTS/SEC
The slew rate prompt allows the test developer to automatically set the ramp rate, so that the output voltage linearly increases in
amplitude up to the test voltage. The slew rate can be set from 1 volt per second to 2000 volts per second. If 100 V/S is the
desired ramp rate, then press enter. If another rate is desired, then use the number keys to input a new value and then press enter.
After the slew rate has been set, the 944i will prompt for a test frequency. This advanced feature, which enables the user to test
AC dielectric strength over a wide range of test frequencies, is unique to the Vitrek 944i. The frequency prompt is as follows:
SELECT TEST FREQUENCY
60 HZ 50 HZ _ _ _ HZ
Should the user desire a test frequency of 60 Hz, press enter. If 50 Hz is the desired test frequency, use the right cursor to
highlight the 50 Hz option and then press enter. When an alternate test frequency is required, use the cursors to highlight the _ _ _
Hz option and then use the number keys to fill in the frequency of interest and then press enter. The frequency range of the 944i is
from 50 to 100 hertz.
Following frequency selection, the current sense selection menu will appear as shown below:
SELECT CURRENT SENSE
REAL APPARENT TOTAL
The Vitrek 944i uses internal phase angle circuitry to determine if the leakage current being measured is a result of a resistive load
(real), reactive load (apparent) or both (total). In most applications total current is the desired sense mode, so "total" is highlighted
when the current sense prompt pops-up. To select "total" press the enter key.
In many applications involving devices with EMI filters, the current being drawn by the filter capacitor is of no interest to the
user. To ignore the current flow caused by the reactive component, select the "real" current sense mode. To determine the
amount of current flow caused by the reactive component, select "apparent" current sense.
Due to the nature of phase measurement, it is difficult to accurately determine the phase of low amplitude signals. To
prevent erroneous phase measurement, the 994i will default to "total" current sense when phase signals are below the
minimum threshold. Once the current sense mode has been selected, the 944i will prompt the user to set a current limit with
the following message:
ENTER MAX CURRENT
10.0 mA
This value sets the maximum amount of leakage current which the 944i will source without failing the DUT and shutting down the
test. Any current which exceeds this limit will cause the unit to automatically stop the test. The default value is 10.0 mA. Any
value between 1nA and 35mA may be used. To change the value of the current limit, use the number keypad. To change the
units from m (milli) to u (micro) or n (nano), use the up/down cursor arrows. Once the desired maximum current limit is
displayed, press enter. After the maximum current limit is set the next prompt is:
ENTER MIN CURRENT
0.0_ mA
The minimum current limit is provided as a convenience to assure that the load is actually connected. Any current measured
below this limit will cause the unit to automatically stop the test. The default value is 0.0 mA. When the minimum current limit
is set to zero, the minimum current limit becomes inactive. Any value between 0 nA and 35 mA may be used as a minimum
current limit. To change the value of the current limit, use the number keypad. To change the units from m (milli) to u (micro) or
n (nano), use the up/down cursor arrows. Once the desired current limit is displayed, press enter. The next prompt is:
ENTER TEST TIME
10.0 SECONDS
The test time is the amount of time that the 944i will hold the test voltage once it has arrived at that voltage. This period is often
referred to as dwell time. During the dwell time the unit continuously monitors leakage current against both min and max current
limits, while holding the output constant. If at any time during either the ramp or dwell period, a current limit is exceeded, the test
is aborted and the DUT is failed. Use the number keypad to overwrite the default test time with the desired time and then press
enter. This completes the test parameter selection for automatic AC testing. The next prompt is as follows:
SELECT MODE
Run is the highlighted menu item when the select mode prompt appears. If the user chooses, another step can be added on
before running the test. The cursor arrows may be used to select any of the desired mode options. Detailed instructions on
the add, channel and store functions can be located later in this chapter. If the user is interested in repeating the test just
entered, it is recommended that the test be stored. To run the test that has just been set up, press enter while "run" is
highlighted.
As in direct mode testing, the automatic mode of the 944i requires a two step key press sequence prior to initiating high
voltage testing. Before beginning this sequence, it is important to insure that the device under test is properly connected to
the 944i test terminals. Please refer to the "Test Connections" section of the operating manual before proceeding.
WARNING!, failure to observe test connection precautions may result in severe injury or death to the operator. The
display will prompt the user to press the HV enable key as follows:
HIGH VOLTAGE ENABLE
REQUIRED
prompt is:
PRESS ENTER TO
START TEST
........................................................................................
Insulation Resistance (Megohm) Function

To access the insulation resistance (megohm) function, press the megohm key. The following prompt will appear:
MEG OHM TEST
DIRECT AUTOMATIC
For the automatic test mode, press the right cursor arrow and then enter. The next prompt is as follows:
ENTER TEST VOLTAGE
1000 VOLTS
This prompt sets the insulation resistance test voltage. The 1000 VDC shown is the default value. If this is the desired test
voltage, press enter. To select another test voltage, use the number keys to input the desired value and then press enter. The range
of test voltages for the Megohm function is from a low of 100 VDC to a maximum of 5000 VDC (range is extended down to 10
volts with LVIR option). The next prompt is as follows:
ENTER SLEW RATE
100 VOLTS/SEC
The slew rate prompt allows the test developer to automatically set the ramp rate so that the output voltage linearly increases up to
the test voltage. The slew rate can be set from 1 volt per second to 2000 volts per second. If 100 v/s is the desired ramp rate, then
press enter. If another rate is desire, use the number keys to input a new value and then press enter. The next prompt is as
follows:
1.000 MEGOHMS
The minimum resistance value is a built-in safety feature. Should the load resistance drop below this value the 944i will
automatically stop the test. The default value is 1 megohm. The lowest allowable minimum resistance value is 100 K. Should
the user care to use a different value, just enter the new value and press the enter key. To change the units from M (mega) to G
(giga) or K (kilo) use the cursor arrows.
ENTER TEST TIME
10 SECONDS
The test time is the amount of time that the 944i will hold the test voltage after it has ramped up to that voltage. Test time is also
referred to as dwell time. During the dwell time the unit continuously monitors insulation resistance. If at any time during either
the ramp or dwell period, the minimum limit is exceeded the test is aborted and the DUT is failed. Use the number keypad to
input the desired test time and the press enter. The next prompt is as follows:
SELECT MODE
The cursor arrows may be used to select any of the desired mode options. Detailed instructions on the add, channel, and store
functions can be located in this chapter. If the user desires to run the test just entered more than one time, it is recommended that
the test be stored. To run the test that has just been set up, press enter while "run" is highlighted.
16
The 944i requires a two-step key press sequence prior to initiating high voltage testing. Before beginning this sequence, it is
important to ensure that the device under test is properly connected to the 944i test terminals. Please refer to the "Test
Connections" section of the operating manual before proceeding. WARNING!, failure to observe safety precautions may result in
severe injury or death to the operator.
The display will prompt the user to press the HV enable key as follows:
HIGH VOLTAGE ENABLE
REQUIRED
Once the test connections have been verified, press the HV enable key. After pressing the high voltage enable key the final
prompt is:
PRESS ENTER TO
START TEST
continuity before applying high voltage.
During the ramp-up period, the timer will count down until it arrives at the test voltage. Once the dwell time begins, the timer will
reset and count down to the end of the test.
.........................................................................................
Low Resistance (Continuity) Function

In addition to high voltage testing, the 944i has built-in low resistance measurement capability. The 944i can measure resistance
form one milliohm to 8.5 ohms. The 944i uses a 50mA test current in the low ohm mode. For regulatory compliance testing of
earth ground continuity at high current, the Vitrek 930i Ground Integrity Analyzer is recommended.
To start low resistance testing, press the low ohms key. The low ohm prompt will appear as follows (if unit is configured for
930i):
LOW OHM TEST
DIRECT AUTO 930i
To conduct an automatic low resistance test, press the right cursor key and enter. The 944i uses a 2-wire measurement technique
(4-wire option is available). Proper zeroing of test lead resistance is essential to obtaining reliable results. The automatic low
ohms test mode does not prompt for test lead calibration. It is recommended that the user "null" the lead set periodically to obtain
the most accurate results. Always do a "null" when a new or different set of test leads are used with the unit. To do a lead
resistance null, access the low ohms direct mode. The next prompt in the auto low ohms set-up is:
ENTER MAX RESISTANCE
2.000 OHMS
If 2 ohms is not the desired limit, use the number keys to enter the appropriate maximum resistance limit. The next prompt is:
0.000 OHMS
The minimum resistance value is typically used to verify that the load is actually in the test circuit. When the minimum limit is set
to zero, the limit is not active. The next prompt is:
ENTER TEST TIME
2.00 SECONDS
Enter the desired test time and press enter. The next prompt is:
SELECT MODE
Detailed instructions on the add, channel and store functions can be located later in this chapter. If the user desires to run the test
just entered more than one time, it is recommended that the test be stored. To run the test that has just been set up, press enter
while "run" is highlighted. When the "run" option is selected the 944i will go directly into the low ohms mode, unless the low
ohms test has been chained to a high voltage test. If the 930i option is selected then the standard prompts of the 930i will follow
and the 944i will download the test to the 930i when the test is run.
.........................................................................................
Adding Test Steps

The 944i is capable of storing up to 99 test programs with a maximum of 200 test steps. The maximum number of steps in any
one test is 50. When operating the 944i in the automatic mode, after each step the following prompt is provided:
SELECT MODE
To chain another test step on to the one just completed use the right cursor arrow to highlight the "add" option, and press enter.
SELECT NEXT TEST
VAC VDC M-OHM LO-OHM
This prompt enables the user to select the next test step.
..............................................................................
Storing Tests
When operating the 944i in the automatic mode, after each step the following prompt is provided:
SELECT MODE
In order to store the test you have just created, use either the left or right cursor arrow to highlight the "store" option and press
enter. The following prompt will appear:
ENTER PROGRAM NO.
NEXT AVAILABLE 01
18
Enter a program number between 0 and 40. The 944i will automatically search the test program database and display the next
available program number. If the next available number is the desired test program number, press enter. After the program
number has been entered the following prompt will be displayed:
ENTER PROGRAM NAME
The program name prompt is provided as a convenience so that it is easier to identify the desired test than by program number
alone. To enter a program name, alpha characters can be entered using the up/down cursor arrows until the desired character is
shown in the space. The left/right cursor arrows will move the digit being modified. Numbers may be entered directly with the
number keypad. When the name is completed press enter to complete the process of storing.
.....................................................................................
Recalling Test Programs

To recall a test which has been stored in the test database, press the recall key. The following prompt will appear:
RECALL PROGRAM NO.
If the desired program number is known, use the number keys to enter the program number and press enter. If the program
number is not known, use the up/down cursor arrows to scroll through the program database. Both the program number and
program name will be shown. When the desired program name and number are displayed press enter. If the test is a low ohms
only type, testing will commence immediately. Otherwise the "HIGH VOLTAGE ENABLE REQUIRED" prompt will appear.
.........................................................................................
Editing Existing Test Programs

***NOTE*** All current firmware versions have been found to develop corrupted
RAM if a test is edited. For best assured performance, delete the test you wish to
change and re-enter it from scratch using the instructions below. It is recommended
that you do not use the INSERT or CHANGE functions in the EDIT menu.
It is helpful to have a printout of the test database when editing a test program. To obtain a printout of the test database, press the
print button. To change a step in a test program, press the edit key. The following prompt will be displayed:
ENTER PASSWORD
____
This feature deters unauthorized personnel from accessing the test routine database. The password is:
"TEST (test button), 1, 2, 3"
To change the password:
19
1.
Press "EXTRNL"
2.
Press "+/-", "9", "4", "4"
3.
Unit will prompt you for the new password (password can be almost any combo of buttons, for example
"EDIT,MENU,CNFG,EXTRNL" or "7,7,7,VDC", etc...)
4.
You do not need to know the old password to do this.
5.
To prevent others from changing your password, lock out the front panel by pressing MENU and then
selecting LOCK
Once the correct password has been successfully entered the following prompt will appear:
EDIT PROGRAM NO.
After the program number has been entered via the number keypad, press enter. The program name and number will be displayed
to verify that the selected program is the program to be edited. When the up/down arrows are used to scroll through the test
database, the test program name is also displayed. Press enter when the desired program is displayed in order to select that
program for editing. The following prompt will appear:
SELECT EDIT TYPE
INS DEL CHANGE QUIT
To add a new step to the program, use the "ins" (insert) option. To delete a test step use the "del" option. To alter a step on the
program use the "change" option. After editing is complete use the "quit" option to store the edited test program and exit the edit
mode.
To change the Test Name, select the "change" option in the above menu. When the "ENTER STEP NO." prompt appears enter
00 and press enter. Then use the cursor arrows to enter the new test name.
........................................................................................
Printing Test Reports

Before printing, select a compatible line termination via the front panel menu key. The CR + LF option is compatible with most
modern printers. When an automatic test is successfully completed, the following menu selection will be displayed:
TEST PASSED
QUIT PRINT RETEST
If your 944i has the optional IF-4 remote interface package, then it is supplied with a built-in parallel port. For information on
printer port configuration refer to section 6 - Remote Operation, Parallel Port. To obtain a listing of the test results, connect a PC
compatible parallel printer to the 944i rear panel parallel port and press enter.
ENTER DUT S/N
___________
Numeric entry can be done using the number keys. Alpha characters may be entered using the up down cursor arrows. Once the
DUT serial number has been entered, press the enter key and the printout will commence.
To repeat the test on the existing or new device under test, select the retest option and press enter. To exit the test mode, select the
quit option and press enter.
When any step in an automatic test is failed, the following typical menu will be displayed:
STEP FAILED- MAX CURRENT
QUIT RETRY CONTIN
In this menu the continue option has been added to allow for the completion of the test. When the test is terminated via one of the
above options, the "test passed" or "test failed" menu provides the print option.
.........................................................................................
Aborting a Test
If at any time the user desires to abort a test, press the High Voltage Disable / Stop key. The following menu will be displayed:
TEST FAILED-ABORTED
QUIT PRINT RETEST
Select the desired option and press enter.
.........................................................................................
Advanced User Note

To increase throughput and reduce the number of keystrokes required to achieve the desired results, whenever multiple choices are
offered in a menu selection each choice has a corresponding number. The items are numbered from left to right. For example if
the "retest" option shown in the above menu is desired, a single press of the number "3" would start a new test. The number "2"
would initiate the printout routine.
21
Test Connection Safety Precautions

The Vitrek 944i Dielectric Analyzer is capable of generating up to 8000 VAC RMS and 10000 VDC depending on the
configuration. It is extremely important that the user observe safe operating procedures to avoid contact with these
DANGEROUS VOLTAGE LEVELS. In addition to using common sense handling techniques for high voltage operation, the
following precautions should be taken into consideration whenever operating the 944i:
1. Use only high voltage rated test lead material for connection to the high voltage output terminal.
2. Inspect high voltage lead regularly for signs of wear and abrasion.
3. Avoid contact with the high voltage output (terminal, leads and DUT) at all times during high voltage testing.
4. Always ensure that the 944i is properly earth grounded before applying power.
Measurement Terminals
The stimulus/measurement terminals of the 944i are recessed and insulated to prevent operator exposure to high voltages. For
connection to V hi terminal, always use an insulated (sheathed) banana plug with adequate insulation rating. Never handle the
plug or test lead while high voltage is applied.
Dielectric Testing (VAC, VDC and I/R)

All dielectric tests are performed from the 944i's V HI and V LO terminals. The V HI terminal is floating, while the V LO
terminal remains relatively close to chassis ground at all times.
Low Resistance Testing

All low resistance tests are conducted between the V LO terminal of the 944i and its chassis sense terminal. It is recommended
that a low resistance test be conducted on earth ground devices to verify ground continuity prior to dielectric testing.
Connecting to Devices with Earth Grounds

Earth grounded devices must be isolated from earth ground when conducting dielectric strength tests with the 944i. This will
insure that all leakage current flows through the 944i and is properly detected. As an added safety design, the V LO and Chassis
Sense terminals of the 944i each feature dual redundant M.O.V. clamping, to keep them at a low potential (18V max).
When testing devices that are equipped with an earth ground plug, it is always recommended that the user first conduct a
continuity test between the DUT's earth ground plug and any exposed conductive surfaces (chassis). The 944i is capable of
conducting this test in several different modes. When a high current (3 to 40 amps) ground continuity test is required, the Vitrek
930i is recommended. The connection to the DUT for continuity testing from the 944i is as follows:
1. Connect the V LO terminal of the 944i to the DUT earth ground plug.
2. Connect the Chassis Sense terminal of the 944i to any exposed conductive surface of the DUT's chassis. Note: All
continuity (low resistance) measurements on the 944i are made between the V LO terminal and the Chassis Sense
terminal.
4. The V HI terminal of the 944i is normally connected to the two electrical prongs of the device under test. In this
configuration the 944i will be checking for continuity between the DUT's earth ground plug and DUT chassis, as well as
current flow between the DUT's electrical circuit and its earth ground plug.
22
Connecting to Non-Earth Grounded Devices

When testing devices which are not equipped with an earth grounded chassis, it is necessary to disable the automatic chassis
ground test feature of the 944i. Otherwise the unit will fail the pretest auto-ground check and no further testing will
commence. An alternate method is to provide a low impedance connection between the V LO terminal and the Chassis
Sense terminal. CAUTION! Care must be taken to remove this connection after testing so that the chassis sense is not
defeated when testing earth grounded chassis devices.
23
1. High Voltage Output Terminal. This red HV connector labeled V Hi is the output terminal for
all HV tests (ACW, DCW and IR). For typical electrical safety testing, this terminal connects to
both the line and neutral power pins of the device under test (DUT). For ease of connection
Vitrek offers the TL-IEC shown above, which plugs directly into an IEC 320 style power inlet.
For devices using a NEMA 5-15 (North American) power plug the available TL-115-50 provides
for quick and convenient connection. CAUTION: The HV terminal is capable of delivering up
to 8kVAC or 10kVDC depending on installed options. Avoid contact with the terminal, test
leads and the DUT when high voltage is present on this terminal.
2. V-Lo Terminal. The V LO terminal is the reference terminal for leakage current measurements
and is also one of the two terminals used in making a continuity (low resistance) measurement.
This terminal typically connects to the earth ground pin of the DUT. Inside the TL-115 and the
TL-IEC this terminal is connected to the earth socket of the test adapter.
3. Chassis Sense. This is the other of the two terminals used in making a continuity (low
resistance) measurement. The 944i always measures continuity between the Chassis Sense
and the V LO terminals.
4. Device Under Test (DUT). A power supply shown here, represents a typical DUT. The
connection to the DUT power inlet is made here by way of the optional TL-IEC.
5. DUT Chassis. The Chassis Sense terminal connects directly to the DUT chassis via the standard
alligator test lead.
24
Typical Electrical Safety Test Connection Diagram

TO V HI
TERMINAL
DEVICE UNDER TEST
N
E
DUT CHASSIS
TO V LO
TERMINAL
TO CHASSIS
SENSE TERMINAL
The Vitrek 944i Dielectric Analyzer has been designed to provide maximum user safety, reliability, and test throughput. To
achieve this, the 944i is equipped with built-in self test capability, and a variety of user configurable test options. This section of
the manual addresses the use of the system test and configuration functions.
25
Self Test Function

To execute a self test, press the test key. The following sequence of tests will be displayed:
SELF TEST
CHECKING ROM
VERSION
X.XX
SELF TEST
RAM TEST OK
If a ROM or RAM error is detected, the display will halt on a ROM or RAM "test failed message". These are fatal system errors
which will prevent further operation of the unit. Should either "failed" message come up, try a reset and self test again to verify
that the ROM or RAM status is accurate.
SELF TEST
CAL DATA OK
In the event of a cal data problem, the 944i will indicate that an error has been detected and that it is operating on default cal data.
The unit should be referred to qualified maintenance personnel for calibration and inspection of the CMOS RAM battery, which
has a five-year rating.
SELF TEST
CLOCK OK
The next two messages are provided in the self-test as a configuration status indication. For details on the other configuration
options, consult the system configuration instructions in this section of the manual.
SELF TEST
ARC SENSITIVITY- MED
SELF TEST
AUTO CHASSIS GND- ON
OUTPUT SYSTEM TEST
YES NO
To conduct an output test, press enter. Select the no option if you do not desire an output system test.
The final self-test message is:
SELF TEST- OK
QUIT PRINT RETEST
If a printout of the self-test results are desired and the 944i is connected to a compatible parallel printer, highlight the print option
and press the enter key.
.........................................................................................
26
System Configuration
The system configuration function allows the user to: set the clock and clock format, adjust display intensity, control beeper
actuation and select pretest safety checks. For other options and mode selection see "Configuration Switch Settings". To access
the configuration control menu, press the "CNFG" key.
Setting Clock
To set the clock, press the "CNFG" key. The following prompt will appear:
ADJUST:
CLK SAFETY RMP LO-OHM MEG
To set the time or date or adjust the clock format, press the enter key while the "CLK" option is highlighted. The following clock
adjust menu will appear with the currently programmed time and date:
01 JAN 1995
12 01 30 AM
To set the date, use the up/down arrows until the proper date is indicated. To make further adjustments highlight the month, year,
hour, minute, or second and then adjust it using the up/down arrows. To select "AM", "PM" or "MIL" (24 hour format) use the
up/down cursors to scroll through the three choices. When going from "PM" to "MIL" the time will automatically advance 12
hours. When all adjustments have been made, press enter to complete the clock setting procedure.
.........................................................................................
Safety Control Settings

To adjust safety settings select the safety option from the main CNFG menu. The display will then prompt with the following
items which may be adjusted: Beep, Arc, SS (safety lead sensing), Lo-ohm (automatic ground testing).
Controlling the HV Warning Beeper

To set the number of high volt warning beeps, select the beep option on the systems configuration menu. When the beep select
menu appears, select the desired number of beeps and press enter.
.........................................................................................
Arc Detection Sensitivity

To configure the arc detect sensitivity, press the "CNFG" key and select the "SAFETY" option and then the ARC option. The
arc detection feature enables the 944i to sense the presence of arcing before catastrophic damage occurs to the DUT. The arc
detection prompt will appear as follows:
SET ARC SENSITIVITY
FAST MED SLOW OFF
This menu allows the user to set the threshold for arc detection. "FAST" sensitivity means that the unit will trigger on lower
amplitude, short duration spikes, while the "SLOW" sensitivity setting requires greater amplitude, longer duration spikes to trigger
the arc detection circuit.
.........................................................................................
27
Automatic Chassis Continuity Testing

It is always advisable to ensure that the chassis of a DUT is connected to the DUT's earth ground system. To facilitate a quick
measurement of chassis continuity the 944i provides an automatic ground test when configured to do so. The "AUTO-GND"
feature performs an automatic verification of DUT chassis to earth ground continuity, prior to all high voltage tests. To configure
the automatic ground test, press the system configure (cnfg) button and select the SAFETY option and then the "AUTOOHMS" option and select either ON or OFF. If the "ON" option is selected for "AUTO-GND", the user will be prompted to
enter the maximum allowable chassis resistance.
Safety Sense
The safety sense option provides for continuous continuity monitoring between the V LO and Chassis Sense terminals (even
during the HV testing). This feature can be used to monitor a safety interlock switch which when opened would shut down the
HV output. To set the safety sense status press CNFG, select SAFETY then SS(safety sense) then select either the "ON" or
"OFF" option.
.........................................................................................
Ramp Down Option

A dielectric test is normally over when the end of the dwell time has been reached. In the default mode, the 944i will record the
final leakage value then reduce the output voltage as rapidly as possible. Some applications require that the test voltage be
ramped down at the same rate it was ramped up and that the current level is monitored during the entire descent. For this feature,
press CNFG, select RMP then select ON or OFF.
Ramp Current Limit

For applications where the initial charge current is relatively high and the final leakage current is considerably smaller, the Vitrek
944i offers the ability to set different maximum current limits during the ramp-up and dwell periods. Additionally, the higher
ramp current limit will apply for the specified hold period upon reaching the test voltage before the dwell countdown begins.
To invoke this feature, press CNFG, RMP, and RAMP-I and select YES.
Configuring Meg-ohm Mode

The 944i offers three different modes of operation for high resistance measurement. In the standard "meg-ohm" mode, the
D.U.T. must exceed the minimum resistance limit for the entire test time in order to pass the test. The test is terminated with a fail
status immediately should the reading fall below the minimum resistance limit.
In the "IR-MIL" insulation resistance test mode, an allowance is made for leakage current due to dielectric absorption. In this
mode, the D.U.T. is allowed to have an initial resistance value, which is below the min resistance limit and permitted the entire
test period in order to reach the min resistance value. If at the end of the test time the D.U.T. has not reached the required value
the test is failed. The test is terminated immediately with a pass status as soon as the minimum resistance limit is exceeded.
For insulation resistance measurements involving capacitive or inductive loads, the 944i features a low noise mode, which is,
designated "IR-LN". The low noise mode enables the unit to provide stable and accurate readings into reactive loads. The
test is terminated immediately with a pass status as soon as the minimum resistance limit is exceeded.
28
The factory default mode of operation is the "meg-ohm" mode. To select either the "IR-MIL" or "IR-LN" mode, choose the meg
option at the systems configuration prompt. Use the right/left arrows to move the cursor to the desired mode and press enter.
Menu Key Options

Pressing the menu key while in the clock mode brings up the following display:
SELECT
PRINT SIJ LOCK COUNT
Printer Line Termination

The PRINT option allows one to select the line termination for the parallel printer port. The default mode is CR + LF, which
works best with most parallel printers. Other options include - CR alone and LF alone.
Safety Interlock Jack

The SIJ selection provides for the set up of the optional safety interlock jack SIJ-1 which can be used to monitor the status of
external palm switches or safety enclosure switches. Choices include: OFF (when SIJ-1 is not in use or not fitted),
MONITOR for applications where the jack is looking for a closed circuit and will abort testing if an open circuit occurs, RUN
mode - where the presence of a short circuit initiates the testing (once test begins an open will abort the test as in Monitor mode)
and finally, STEP mode - which uses the short circuit to initiate testing then pauses and prompts the operator to interrupt the
short circuit condition (allowing the operator to select a new DUT test point if desired), the 944i will automatically begin the next
step of the test upon circuit closure.
Front Panel Lockout

The LOCK option allows one to lockout all front panel keys with the exception of the Recall key. When in the locked mode,
operators can recall and execute tests stored in the test database only. To unlock the front panel, press Recall and then enter the
edit password:
"TEST (test button), 1, 2, 3"
Pass/Fail Counters
The 944i is equipped with four built-in digital pass/fail test counters (VAC, VDC, Meg-ohm and low ohm). Each time an
automatic test is run the resulting status increments the corresponding counter for that function. To read the counters, select the
count option and desired counter. To read another counter directly from viewing and existing counter simply press CLR then
select the desired counter. To reset or zero out all the counters select the RST option from the count menu.
Option IF-4 Remote Interface Card

Remote operation of the 944i is possible only if the unit has the optional interface card. The IF-4 remote interface card provides
four different interface ports for control and communication with the Vitrek 944i. The interface protocols provided by the IF-4
are: IEEE-488.2 (GPIB), RS232-C, Parallel printer port, and VICL (Vitrek Instrument Control Loop).
29
IEEE-488.2 (GPIB) Operation

Operation of the 944i via the GPIB interface requires a basic understanding of the IEEE-488 standard. This manual does not
attempt to provide a tutorial on the General Purpose Interface Bus, but rather the specific implementation of the GPIB on the
Vitrek 944i. For a detailed tutorial on the IEEE-488.1 and 488.2 interface contact your local Agilent sales office and order
publication number 5021-1927.
Setting the GPIB Address

To view the current GPIB address, press the "ADDRS" key. If the displayed address is the desired address, press enter. To select
a new address use the number keypad to enter any address between 1 and 29, then press enter. This address is stored in
nonvolatile memory and will remain as set until changed.
Returning to Local Control

To take local control when the unit is operating in remote mode, press the "LOCAL" key. The GPIB indicator will go out and
front panel control will be restored (unless the front panel has been locked out by pressing the MENU button and selecting
LOCK).
Command Syntax
The GPIB command set is provided on the following pages. A description of each command, a listing of its associated arguments
and a sample basic program listing are provided where appropriate. All voltage values are expressed as integers, current and
resistance values may be expressed in scientific notation format.
ARGUMENT SEPARATOR
Use a , as a separator for all arguments.
COMMAND TERMINATOR
Use a semicolon <;> (ASCII code 59) to terminate all commands through GPIB interface. Use both a semicolon <;> and a line
feed character <\n> (ASCII code 10) to terminate all commands through the serial interface.
READ TERMINATOR
The 944i will terminate all commands with a line feed character <\n> via the GPIB interface. ****NOTE: There is currently no
read terminator added to responses via the serial port. Some really old units with male RS-232 connectors have the same
terminators as the GPIB interface, but they are prone to buffer overflow due to sharing of GPIB interface hardware.
***NOTE*** Previous versions of the manual indicate that a 2000 V/S ramp rate can be used. The 944i will accept it, but this is
for a special engineering mode where the ramp rate will be uncontrolled (voltage may greatly exceed target) and the unit will not
return a proper response to the RDNG? command. It is advised that any tests written using 2000 V/S as the ramp rate be
modified to 1999 V/S.
***NOTE*** Most firmware versions allow setting of VAC output to frequencies between 50 and 400 Hz. Frequencies above
100 Hz are not guaranteed to meet product specifications and the voltage may cycle up and down outside of expected parameters
due to sampling rate of the unit. If you use the unit above 100 Hz it is recommended that you use an external voltmeter to verify
your output level and monitor stability.
***NOTE*** Firmware allows test times below 1 second, but these may result in false passes or inaccurate measurements while
voltage and current is settling. It is recommended that all test times be at least 1 second to ensure a proper PASS/FAIL response
and accurate measurements.
ADD, {VAC}
This command loads a single step test into the 944i's test buffer. The added test may then be run with the RUN command.
Arguments:
<VAC>,
Selects AC Volts function
<test voltage>,
100 - 5000 V
(Integer format)
<slew rate>,
1 - 1999 V/S
(Integer format)
<frequency>,
50 - 100 Hz
(Integer format)
<current sense>, REAL, APPARENT, TOTAL
<max current>,
1 nA - 35 mA
(Scientific notation format)
<min current>,
0 -35 mA
<test time>,
1 - 999 S
(0 sets test time to indefinite)
*OPC? = 0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
0010
0001
0010
0100
1000
0000
0000
if
if
if
if
if
if
test is added ok
argument count incorrect
insufficient memory
invalid current sense
invalid test type
other parameter error occurred
Example:
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
181
190
200
! File: T4.IBW
! This test sends a VAC command to the 944i, waits
! for test completion and then returns the result
! to the bus controller.
DIM R$[120]
ASSIGN @V944 TO 1410
ABORT 14
!CLEAR 14
REMOTE @V944
! Issue test and command to run.
OUTPUT @V944;"ADD,VAC,1000,100,60,TOTAL,1.0E-4,0,5;RUN;"
! Poll until test is complete.
Stb=SPOLL(@V944)
IF Stb<8 THEN 130
PRINT "Stb=",Stb
OUTPUT @V944;"RSLT?;"
ENTER @V944;R$
PRINT R$
BEEP
STOP
END
ADD, {VDC}
This command loads a single step test into the 944i's test buffer. The added test may then be run with the RUN
command.
Arguments:
<VDC>,
<test voltage>,
<slew rate>,
<max current>,
<min current>,
<max ramp current>,
Selects DC Volts function

100 - 5000 V
(Integer format)
1 - 1999 V/S
(Integer format)
1 nA - 35 mA
0 - 35 mA
1 nA - 35 mA
(Decimal format)
***This argument is only necessary when in RAMP_I mode
<test time>,
1 -999 S (0 sets test time to indefinite)
<ramp current hold time>; Must be <= test time. Use 0 seconds if ramp current is the same as maximum dwell
current. ***This argument is only necessary when in RAMP_I mode

*OPC? = 0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
0010
0001
0010
0100
1000
0000
0000
if
if
if
if
if
if
test is added ok
insufficient memory
invalid test type
Example (In normal mode without RAMP_I enabled in CNFG menu):

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
92
100
101
104
105
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
! File: T6.IBW
! This test sends a VDC command to the 944i, waits
! for test completion and then returns the result
DIM R$[120]
!ABORT 14
!REMOTE @V944
!CLEAR 14
CLEAR 14
OUTPUT @V944;"*idn?;"
ENTER @V944;R$
BEEP
PRINT R$,I
! OUTPUT @V944;"ADD,VDC,1000,100,1.234e-05,0,10;RUN;"
Stb=SPOLL(@V944)
IF Stb<8 THEN 150
PRINT "Stb=",Stb
ENTER @V944;R$
PRINT R$
STOP
END
VOLTS
Function: Changes the 944i output to a new voltage level prior to or during a VAC or VDC test initiated through the GPIB or
serial interface. The change is immediate. The programmed slew rate will be ignored and the unit will change as fast as it can to
the new voltage level. If you instruct the unit to increase the voltage above the initial test voltage, you may incur an error by
exceeding the volt limits set at the beginning of the test. It is recommend that you start the test at your highest test voltage, then
step the voltage down for following measurements.
This command will overwrite the voltage in the current test such that if a RUN command is re-issued after the test is complete
without reloading the original test parameters, the target voltage will be the last voltage programmed using the VOLTS
command.
Example: VOLTS, 500; (changes output voltage to 500 volts)
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if new voltage set
0000 0010 if invalid number of args
0000 0100 if bad parameter
IMAX
Argument: <max current limit>
Function: Changes max current limit to a new value prior to or during a VAC or VDC test initiated through the GPIB or
serial interface. The new maximum current limit must be greater than the existing minimum current limit.
This command will overwrite the max current limit in the current test such that if a RUN command is re-issued after the test is
complete without reloading the original test parameters, the max current limit will be the last value programmed using the
IMAX command.
Example: IMAX,1.0E-5; (changes max current limit to 10 micro-amps)
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if ramp current set
0000 0100 if bad parameter (new max < min)
ADD, {MEG_OHM}
This command loads a single step test into the 944i's test buffer. The added test may then be run with the RUN command.
Arguments:
<MEG_OHM>,
Selects MEG_OHM function
<test voltage>,
100 - 5000 V
<slew rate>,
1 - 1999 V/S
<min resistance>, 100000
<test time>;
1 - 999 S
*OPC? = 0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
0010
0001
0010
0100
1000
0000
0000
if
if
if
if
if
if
test is added ok
insufficient memory
invalid test type
Example:
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
! File: T3.IBW
! This test sends a MEG_OHM command to the 944i, waits
! for test completion, and then returns the result
DIM Result$[120]
REMOTE @V944
ABORT 14
CLEAR 14
OUTPUT @V944;"ADD,MEG_OHM,1000,100,1.0e+6,5;RUN;"
Stb=SPOLL(@V944)
IF Stb<8 THEN 130
PRINT "Stb=",Stb
! Get test results.
ENTER @V944;Result$
PRINT Result$
PRINT
BEEP
STOP
END
ADD, {LO_OHM}
This command loads a single step test into the 944i's test buffer. The test may then be run with the RUN command.
Arguments for 944i measurement:
<LO_OHM>,
Selects LO_OHM function
<max resistance>, 0.001 - 10 Ohms (0.001 500 with LO-500 option)(0.001-110000 with LO-20k option)
<min resistance>, 0 9.999 Ohms (0 499.999 with LO-500 option) (0-90000 with LO-20k option)
<test time>;
1 - 999 S (0 seconds will turn on test with no timer, this can be used to speed up multiple
wire continuity tests using a relay matrix by using a make before break relay switching scenario.
Use the OHMS? Command to retrieve the readings during test and use *rst command to stop test)
Arguments for 930i measurement:
<LO_OHM>,
Selects LO_OHM function
<test current>,
3 - 30 A (40 amps with option 40A)
<frequency>,
50 - 100 Hz
<max resistance>, 1 microOhm - 0.999 Ohms
<min resistance>, 0 0.999 ohms
<test time>;
1 - 999 S
*OPC? = 0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
0010
0001
0010
0100
1000
0000
0000
if
if
if
if
if
if
test is added ok
insufficient memory
invalid test type
Example:
10
20
30
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
! File: T2.IBW
! This test sends a LO_OHM command to the 944i, waits
! for test completion, and then returns the results
DIM Result$[120]
REMOTE @V944
ABORT 14
CLEAR 14
OUTPUT @V944;"ADD,LO_OHM,2,0,5;RUN;" !For 944i
OUTPUT @V944;"ADD,LO_OHM,25,60,1.0E-1,0,5;RUN;" !For 930i
Stb=SPOLL(@V944)
IF Stb<8 THEN 130
PRINT "Stb=",Stb
! Get test results.
ENTER @V944;Result$
PRINT Result$
PRINT
BEEP
STOP
END
CNFG
This command sets the test configuration. Once this command is sent the programmed test configuration will remain in
effect until overridden by a subsequent CNFG command or the system configuration is reset in the local operating mode. If a
different systems configuration is desired for local operation (i.e. high voltage warning beeps), it is recommended that the
desired system configuration for local operation be sent at the conclusion of the remote program.
Arguments:
<H. V. beep>,
<arc response>,
<auto-ground>,
<ramp down>,
<saf-sns>,
<IR-mil>,
0 through 5 (number of beeps)

0 (off), 1 (slow), 2 (med), 3 (fast)
0 (off), .01 to 5 (max chassis resistance in ohms)
0 (sets down slew rate to max)
1 (sets ramp down rate to same as ramp up)
0 (off), 4 (on for all dielectric tests)
0 (off/ normal M), 1 (quick pass IR mode)
*OPC? = 0000
0000
0000
0000
0001
0010
0100
1000
if
if
if
if
configuration set ok
index does not exist
other error occurred
Example:
10
20
60
70
80
90
110
220
230
! File: T3.IBW
! This sends a CNFG command to the 944i.
REMOTE @V944
ABORT 14
CLEAR 14
OUTPUT @V944;"CNFG,0,2,1,0,4,0;"
STOP
END
ETRIG?
Argument: <none>
Function: Sends present voltage reading, in integer format, to the GPIB buffer.
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if successfull
0000 0010 if buffer full
0000 0100 if data not available
ITRIG?
Argument: <none>
Function: Sends present current reading, in scientific notation, to the GPIB buffer.
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if successfull
0000 0100 if data not available
TTRIG?
Argument: <none>
Function: Valid when failure occurs during the dwell period of the test. The 944i sends elapsed time into the dwell when failure
occurred, in floating point format, to the GPIB buffer.
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if returning present test dwell time
0000 0100 if test has failed
FTRIG?
Argument: <none>
Function: Sends highest measured output voltage, in floating point format, to the GPIB buffer.
Useful for verifying that voltage does not exceed expected parameters and to determine the voltage in the event of a failure during
the ramp phase.

*OPC? = 0000 0001 if returning present test dwell time
0000 0100 if test has failed
RSLT?
Function: This query returns test Pass/Fail status with fault type if any.
Fills output register with an ASCII representation of a decimal value indicating one of the following test results. Register data
remains available until cleared with a *CLS, *RST or a new test is run.
0 - TEST PASSED
Fault Codes
1 - MAX RESISTANCE EXCEEDED
2 - MIN RESISTANCE EXCEEDED
3 - OVERANGE
4 - COMPL VOLTAGE EXCEEDED
5 - AC SYSTEM FAULT
6 - HIGH RESISTANCE
7 - USER ABORTED
8 - ARC DETECTED
9 - OVER CURRENT EXCEEDED (peak detected)
10- MAX CURRENT EXCEEDED (RMS detected)
11- SYSTEM OVERVOLTAGE
12- CHASSIS GROUND EXCEEDED
13- SYSTEM OUTPUT DEMAND ERROR
14- MIN CURRENT
15- SYSTEM UNDERVOLTAGE ERROR
16- DUT SHORTED
17- SAFETY INTERLOCK OPEN
18- 930i NOT RESPONDING
19- SYSTEM ERROR
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if Fault status sent
0000 0010 if buffer overflow
0000 0100 if test status not available
RESULT?
Function: This query returns test step results. Only responds once for each completed test step after which no response will be
given until a new test is executed and complete.
This command will always return a comma separated string with 16 fields which may or may not be used in a given test.
Structure:
Field 1: No meaning
Field 2: No meaning
Field 3: No meaning
Field 4: PASS/FAIL response
Field 5: Fault description
Field 6: Test Type
Field 7: Test Voltage for VAC, VDC, MEG OHM tests
Field 8: Ramp Speed in Volts/Second for VAC, VDC, MEG OHM tests
Field 9: Frequency of AC output in Hz (50-100) for VAC tests.
Field 10: Current measurement type (Total, Real, Apparent) for VAC tests.
Field 11: Max current limit for VDC and VAC tests.
Field 12: Min current limit for VDC and VAC tests.
Field 13: Measured current for VDC and VAC tests.
Field 14: Max resistance for LOW OHM tests.
Field 15: Min resistance for LOW OHM and MEG OHM tests.
Field 16: Measured resistance for LOW OHM and MEG OHM tests.
Examples:
VAC test passed response:
0,***,1,PASS,NO FAULT,VAC,2000,1000,100,TOTAL,1.1000E-02,0.0000E+00,1.0226E-07,-1,-1,-1
VAC test failed response:
0,***,1,FAIL,MAX I,VAC,2000,1000,100,TOTAL,1.1000E-02,0.0000E+00,1.1612E-02,-1,-1,-1
VDC test passed response:
0,***,1,PASS,NO FAULT,VDC,1000,500,-1,TOTAL,1.0000E-02,3.0000E-03,9.9886E-03,-1,-1,-1
VDC test failed response:
0,***,1,FAIL,MIN I,VDC,1000,500,-1,TOTAL,1.0000E-02,3.0000E-03,1.9814E-09,-1,-1,-1
MEG OHM test passed response:
0,***,1,PASS,NO FAULT,MEG_OHM,2000,1000,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,9.0000E+10,9.5011E+10
MEG OHM test failed response:
0,***,1,FAIL,MIN RES,MEG_OHM,2000,1000,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,9.0000E+10,7.6517E+10
LOW OHM test passed response:
0,***,1,PASS,NO FAULT,LO_OHM,-1,-1,-1,***,-1,-1,-1,1.1000E+00,9.0000E-01,1.0076E+00
LOW OHM test failed response:
0,***,1,FAIL,MAX RES,LO_OHM,-1,-1,-1,***,-1,-1,-1,1.1000E+00,9.0000E-01,1.2019E+07
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if results sent
0000 0100 if other error occurred
RDNG?
Function: This query is used to retrieve readings during the test and also the final reading after the test completes.
The RDNG? query returns the reading in exponential notation (1.1020e-06). The VDC and VAC tests will respond with the
current reading. LOW OHM tests will respond with the resistance reading (same as OHMS? Command). MEG OHM tests will
respond with 0 during the test. The reading in ohms will be available after the test. To retrieve resistance readings during a MEG
OHM test, use the OHMS? Command.
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if test reading sent
MXRDG?
Function: This query is used to retrieve the max current reading for a VDC or VAC test (Only available in firmware versions 3.36f
(MXRD) and later).
The MXRDG? query returns the reading in exponential notation (1.1020e-06)
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if test reading sent
OHMS?
Function: This query is used to retrieve readings during and after a test. Firmware versions prior to 3.39b will only give a valid
response to this command for LOW OHMS and MEG OHM tests.
The OHMS? query returns the reading in exponential notation (1.9353e+08).
This command is also used to retrieve the resistance reading when the 944i is controlling a Vitrek 930i Ground Bond Analyzer.
RUN
Arguments: <none>
Function: Runs current test.
Example: RUN;
This command starts execution of the current test.
*OPC? = 0000
0000
0010
0000
0001
0010
0000
0100
if
if
if
if
test ran
there is no current test
Bad test parameters
Test is already running
*CLS
Arguments: <none>
Function: Resets 944 GPIB status registers.
Example: *CLS;
This command clears all status registers.
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if gpib status has been cleared
*IDN?
Arguments: <none>
Function: Causes the 944i to put its ID information in the GPIB buffer.
Example: *IDN?;
When the 944 is read after this command is sent, the
string returned will contain the unit's ID information.
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if string has been sent.
0000 0010 if output buffer full
0000 0100 if other error
~
Arguments: <none>
Function: Sending the tilde character (~) causes a full reset of the unit and clears all buffers. NOTE: This is functionally the same
as pressing the RESET button on the 944i except there will be no beeps or on screen dialogs.
Example: ~;
*RST
Arguments: <none>
Function: Causes an internal device reset. May be used to terminate a test and reduce output to a safe quiescent state. NOTE: This
is NOT the same as pressing the RESET button on the 944i.
Example: *RST;
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if hardware reset complete
*STB?
Arguments: <none>
Function: Causes 944i to respond with its status byte.
Example: *STB?;
After the *STB? command is sent, wait 500 ms before checking status; the 944i's status byte will then be valid and available in the
output buffer. The byte is provided in binary format representing 0 through 32.
0x00 0001
0x00 0010
0x00 0100
0x00 1000
0x01 0000
0x10 0000
1x00 0000
High Voltage Present on Output

End of Test Dwell Time
Test in Progress
Test Result Data Ready
Test Terminated with Failure
Undefined
Undefined
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if STB data sent

This status byte is also available through the serial poll method (of the GPIB interface only). The serial poll method (instrument
interface spoll) is recommended if you are using the GPIB interface since it is faster and less processor intensive than the *STB?
command.
Example of Status Byte retrieved using GPIB spoll (serial poll) method in Agilent VEE:
*OPC?
Arguments: <none>
Function: Queries if the last operation was completed and if errors occurred. The byte sent reflects the status of the last command
sent over the gpib bus or serial interface. Each command has its own definitions of the meaning of the various bits. Commands
for which *OPC? is valid have the meanings detailed in their descriptions.
Example: *OPC?;
Response: See other commands for their specific *OPC? responses.
*ESR?
Arguments: <none>
Purpose: Reads contents of the Standard Event Status Register. Reading this register clears it. The result will be in decimal integer
format, 8 bits, range 0-255.
Example: *ESR?;
Response: example: 128
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if string has been sent
*TST?
Arguments: <none>
Function: Initiates 944i self test. This does not include the output system test.
Example: *TST?;
Responses: If passed, unit will respond with Self Test PASSED. If failed, unit will respond with an error code.
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if test completed , data in buffer
*OPT?
Arguments: <none>
Function: Queries firmware recognized options. Many of the various 944i hardware options will not be reported.
Example: *OPT?;
Responses: Various
Can be useful for automated test programs to ensure unit is capable of certain functions in an environment where multiple 944is
of different configurations exist.
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if string has been sent
*PSC
Arguments: <none>
Function: Resets GPIB status to power on.
Example: *PSC;
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if gpib status reset to power on condition
PRINT
Arguments: <serial number>
Function: Causes 944i to printout test results. The serial number of the DUT can be any ASCII string of up to 9 characters.
Example: PRINT,123456789;
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if command ok
PCFG
Arguments: 0,1,2
Function: Configures the EOL terminator sent to the printer attached to the parallel port of a 944i (with option IF-1 or IF-4).
Examples:
PCFG,0; (Carriage Return)
PCFG,1; (Line Feed)
PCFG,2; (Carriage Return + Line Feed)
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if command ok
0000 0100 if bad parameter
SAFTY?
Function: Responds with a code which can be used to determine if the SIJ-1 Safety Interlock Jack option is in a closed or open
switch state. NOTE: Does not tell you if the SIJ-1 is being monitored by firmware. You must manually set the SIJ mode using
the MENU button at the front panel of the 944i. To determine this automatically, prompt the user to open the switch and then
initiate a low ohms test and verify that the test aborts and the RSLT? command returns code 17 (Safety Interlock Open). The
Procedure below does not work when a high voltage test is currently active.
*OPC? = 0000 0001 if command received ok sent result
0000 0010 if argument count incorrect
Procedure for determining state of SIJ-1 switch:
Read response to SAFTY? command. (will be a 10-digit decimal number which is constantly changing)
Subtract the number 4294901760 from the response (FFFF 0000 hex)
Take the result after subtraction and determine the Bitwise AND of the result and the hex value #h80 (binary 1000 0000)
If the result of this operation is #h0 (binary 0000 0000), the switch is closed. If the result is #h80 (binary 1000 0000), the
switch is open.
A bitwise AND takes two binary representations of equal length and performs the logical AND operation on each pair of
corresponding bits. In each pair, the result is 1 if the first bit is 1 AND the second bit is 1. Otherwise, the result is 0. For
example:
0101
AND 0011
=
0001
Agilent VEE programming example showing a switch closed response:
.................................................................................
RS232 (Serial) Interface
The RS232 connector on the rear panel of the 944i is a 9 pin female sub-D type. The most common type of connector found on a
modern PC serial port is a 9 pin male sub-D type. The pinout of the 944i is designed to mate directly to a PC serial port using a
straight through 9 pin male to 9 pin female extension type cable.
If you are using a 25-pin pc serial interface, connect pins 2, 3, and 5 of the 944i as shown in the following diagram:
Sending Commands
Data may be exchanged with the 944i serial port using the following protocol:
Baud Rate: 9600
Parity: none
Word width: 8
Stop Bits: 1
Handshaking: none
Command Set for RS232

The command set available for serial operations is the same as that for GPIB (Except for the different read terminators and
command terminators noted above). You will notice that some commands are single words, but others consist of a root command
followed by one or more variables, also called arguments. Arguments may be used to set-up multiple items such as voltages,
currents, and test time. For commands with multiple arguments such as ADD and CNFG, the root command must be separated
from the first argument by a comma, and all arguments must be separated by commas.
"Query" commands, which usually end in a question mark, always provide a response to the query. Other commands are executeonly commands that do not provide a response. It is recommended that a minimum 100ms delay be allowed following the last
command before sending a new command. You should experiment with different delays until you find a safe minimum delay
time between instructions.
..................................................................................
Parallel Printer Port

When the 944i is equipped with the optional IF-4 interface card, a centronix parallel printer port is included. The connector for
this port is located on the rear panel and identified as the parallel port. The connector is a standard 25 pin D-Sub female. A
standard PC compatible parallel cable will connect this port to a parallel printer.
Printouts of test reports are generated from the menu at the end of Automatic Mode tests. Other printouts available include:
complete listings of stored programs, self-test results, and other functions as described in the operating instructions for the 944i.
In order to ensure compatibility with various types of printers, the user may change the line terminator that the 944i sends to the
printer. To configure this function from the front panel, press the MENU key in the OPTIONS row and select PRINT. The
following menu appears:
PRINTER SETUP
CR LF CR+LF
Selecting CR+LF will send both a carriage-return and a line-feed at the end of each line, and may result in double-spaced printouts
on some printers.
...........................................................................................
VICL (Vitrek Instrument Control Loop)

The VICL interface is provided with the option IF-4 for the express purpose of communicating with and controlling auxiliary
units. This proprietary addressable serial communication link utilizes the four conductor modular telephone connector located
on the rear panel. Due to the device dependent nature of this interface, detailed information on the VICL protocol may be
located in the operating manual of the auxiliary unit.
Options:
240VAC - 210 to 256 VAC 50/60Hz operation
This option can be enabled any time. Switch the line voltage switch on rear panel to the 230 position and replace the line
fuse in rear panel with a 2.5 or 3 Amp slow blow fuse rated for 250 volts or higher to ensure electrical safety is
maintained at the higher voltage level.
IF-4 - Remote Interface Package

This option is internally installed in the 944i. It is easily identified by the four interface connectors located on the rear
panel. This option includes the following interfaces: IEEE-488 (GPIB), RS-232C, Parallel Printer Port and a VICL port.
Option is field installable.

This option is internally installed in the 944i. It provides a parallel printer port at the rear of the unit. Option is field
installable.

This option is internally installed in the 944i. It provides serial and VICL interfaces at the rear of the unit. Option is
field installable.
IF-G1 - Remote Interface Package

This option is internally installed in the 944i. It provides parallel printer and GPIB interfaces at the rear of the unit.
SIJ-1 - Safety Interlock Jack

Option provides a 2.5mm jack in the rear of the unit for connection to an external safety interlock which is monitored by
the units firmware in order to disable the high voltage output when the interlock is open. Option is field installable.
SIJ-2 - Safety Interlock Jack

Option provides a 2.1mm jack in the rear of the unit for connection to an external safety interlock which is monitored by
a hardware modification which prevents the high voltage circuitry from operating. Unlike the SIJ-1 option, the SIJ-2
does not rely on firmware monitoring and provides for increased safety in the operating environment. Option is field
installable. Older versions of the option require that the firmware is set to monitor the SIJ switch. If the firmware is not
set properly the output section may have a melt down if the switch is open while a test is running. It is recommended
that all older units with SIJ-2 installed be modified to the latest revision. The latest revision triggers the ABORT line
instead of the SIJ line. The new version does not require any special firmware settings to operate properly. You can tell
which revision is installed by opening the SIJ-2 jack and then running a test. The response on screen for the older
revision will be TEST FAILED-INTRLOCK. If you are using a remote interface, the response to the RSLT? query
after a failed test will be 17 (Safety Interlock Open) for the old revision and 7 (User Aborted) for the new revision.
***NOTE***: The SIJ-2 hardware shutdown defeats the ADC option when activated. This means the high voltage
output section of the 944i will shut off immediately, but the device under test may retain a charge for a while depending
on how much capacitance there is in the device. The remaining charge will dissipate through a 100 megohm resistor in
the 944i and through any other path available within the device under test itself.
44
RSS-1 - Remote Start Switch

Option provides a 2.1mm jack in the rear of the unit and an external pushbutton switchbox for the purpose of starting
pre-programmed tests without having to reach the front panel of the 944i. The RSS option reduces wear and tear on the
front panel keypads. Option is field installable.
RSS-2 - Remote Start Switch

Option provides an external control box with START and ABORT buttons as well as TESTING and PASS/FAIL LED
indicators. This option plugs into the PLC-2D or PLC-2E interface.
RFS-1 - Remote Foot Switch

Option provides a 2.1mm jack in the rear of the unit and an external foot powered switchbox for the purpose of starting
pre-programmed tests without having to reach the front panel of the 944i. The RFS option reduces wear and tear on the
front panel keypads. Option is field installable.
RSJ-1 - Remote Start Jack

Option provides a 2.1mm jack in the rear of the unit for the purpose of starting pre-programmed tests without having to
reach the front panel of the 944i. The RFS option reduces wear and tear on the front panel keypads. Option is field
installable. Internally this option is the same as the RSS-1 and RFS-1 option, but only a 6-foot lead with 2.1 mm plug is
provided so the customer can integrate it into their own custom external fixturing. Option is field installable.
RBJ-1 - Remote Buzzer Jack

Option provides a 2.1mm jack in the rear of the unit which sends the internal buzzer signal to an external buzzer or
system for improved audibility or visual signaling when a test is complete to allow more efficient multi-tasking in a
production or high speed engineering environment. Vitrek can also provide an external buzzer with the option if
required. Contact Vitrek for signal specifications of the buzzer jack if you plan to integrate it with your own fixturing.
DC-7 - 7kV DC output

Increases DC output range to 7kV DC (with decreased current limits). DC-7 option does not affect AC output specs. No
external boxes or circuitry are necessary.
DC-10 - 10kV DC output

Increases DC output range to 11kV DC (with decreased current limits). DC-10 option does not affect AC output specs.
DC-10 requires an external box with circuitry inside.
AC-10 - 10kV AC output

Increases AC output range to 10kV DC (with decreased current limits). AC-10 option does not affect DC output specs.
AC-10 requires an external box with circuitry inside.
AC-8 - 8kV AC output

Increases AC output range to 8kV DC (with decreased current limits). AC-8 option has been superseded by the AC-10
option. AC-8 units are recommended to be upgraded to AC-10 which requires a firmware upgrade and increases both
voltage and current sourcing capabilities of the unit.
ACDC-10 - 10kV AC and DC output

Increases AC output range to 10kV DC and DC output range to 11kV (with decreased current limits). ACDC-10
requires an external box with circuitry inside.
AC10-DC5 - 10kV AC output

Increases AC output range to 10kV DC (with decreased current limits). AC-10 option does not affect DC output specs.
AC-10 requires an external box with circuitry inside. Unlike the AC-10 option, the AC10-DC5 routes the DC output
through the external 10kV AC box so both AC and DC are available from the same output connector.
1250VAC 100mA AC current sourcing option

Increases AC current sourcing and measurement capability to 100mA. AC Voltage is limited to 1250 VAC. DC
characteristics are unaffected.
FR-4 Fixed Range power supply mod

This is a special power supply modification for older units with the original power supply design. It is a patch created to
avoid relay failure due to an unexpected performance shift in the solid state relays present in the original design. It is
currently recommended that older units which have power supply problems be upgraded to the new version of power
supply (this will ensure the 944i meets full output power specs). If you do not wish to purchase a new power supply and
the FR-4 specifications are acceptable for your test application, this modification can be performed in the field (contact
Vitrek for instructions). Option improves stability of units output in special cases. Current output is limited in some
voltage ranges. The current limit specifications with the FR-4 option installed differ from a standard unit. Option is not
100% compatible with the LVIR option. If unit has LVIR and FR-4, the LVIR range will be limited to 90 volts instead
of 99 volts.
RPO - Rear Panel Outputs

Provides V-Hi, V-Lo, and Chassis Sense outputs at the rear of the unit. Option is field installable.
4WIRE - Four Wire option (some units are labeled 4-WR)

Provides four wire Lo-Ohms measurement capability (V-Lo and Chassis sense outputs are BNC connectors). Option is
field installable. RPO option will also be four wire if both are requested.
FS-1 - Four Wire Fail Safe option

Provides four wire Lo-Ohms measurement capability (V-Lo and Chassis sense outputs are BNC connectors) and limits
the current output in Lo-Ohms mode to 8.5mA. Option is field installable.
PLC-2A - Programmable Logic Controller interface

Option provides a 5-pin DIN connection in the rear of the unit for the purpose of controlling and monitoring automated
testing with an external PLC system or a simple switch box. Available signals are REQUEST, START, TESTING, and
RESULTS. ***NOTE The TESTING line of this option will not operate if the test is initiated through the serial or
GPIB interface. It will only work if you are running tests that are programmed into the 944is memory. If you need a
hybrid interface/PLC arrange, use the PLC-2C or PLC-2D option. Option is field installable. If you wish to change an
existing PLC option to another version which better suits your specific testing needs, contact Vitrek for instructions.
PLC-2C - Programmable Logic Controller interface

testing with an external PLC system or a simple switch box. Available signals are REQUEST, START, TESTING, and
RESULTS. ***NOTE The TESTING line is inverted logic from the PLC-2A option and it will not toggle between
ramp and dwell phases like the PLC-2A option does. Option is field installable. If you wish to change an existing PLC
option to another version which better suits your specific testing needs, contact Vitrek for instructions.
PLC-2D - Programmable Logic Controller interface

testing with an external PLC system or a simple switch box. Available signals are ABORT, REQUEST, START,
TESTING, and RESULTS. ***NOTE The TESTING line is inverted logic from the PLC-2A option and it will not
toggle between ramp and dwell phases like the PLC-2A option does. Option is field installable. If you wish to change an
existing PLC option to another version which better suits your specific testing needs, contact Vitrek for instructions.
PLC-2E - Programmable Logic Controller interface

testing with an external PLC system or a simple switch box. Available signals are ABORT, REQUEST, START,
TESTING, and RESULTS. ***NOTE The TESTING line of this option will not operate if the test is initiated through
the serial or GPIB interface. It will only work if you are running tests that are programmed into the 944is memory. If
you need a hybrid interface/PLC arrange, use the PLC-2C or PLC-2D option. Option is field installable. If you wish to
change an existing PLC option to another version which better suits your specific testing needs, contact Vitrek for
instructions.
TO-1 Testing Output option

Option provides a TESTING signal output to integrate with external fixturing. Option is obsolete. If you are in need of
a TESTING signal output, please choose from one of the PLC options that are currently available.
ADC - Automatic Discharge option

Option provides automatic rapid discharge of the output. No external devices necessary. Option is field installable for
units with firmware version 3.36f or higher. The internal high voltage AC transformers secondary winding is used as
the discharge load.
ADC-200k 200kOHM Automatic Discharge option

Option provides automatic rapid discharge of the output. No external devices necessary. This option has been
superseded by the ADC option which has superior performance and faster discharge. The ADC-200k circuitry can easily
be removed and the option can be upgraded to the current standard ADC option. This should be done if the firmware is
upgraded. Contact Vitrek for specific instructions if you have a unit with the ADC-200k and would like to upgrade it to
the ADC option.
CDC - Constant Discharge option

Option places a 2.8 Megohm load between V-Hi and Chassis Ground. This helps to dissipate charge, reduces overshoot,
and improves ramp down behavior. This option may result in skewed measurements of capacitive devices. This option
places an extra power drain on the units output which prevents the ability to use the DC-7 option in conjunction with it.
This option is appropriate for some situations and inappropriate for others. Please consult with Vitrek. Option is field
installable.
LVIR - Low Voltage Insulation Resistance option

Option provides the additional ability to measure Insulation Resistance from 10 to 99 VDC in IR mode. No external
devices necessary.
LO-20k - Low Ohms 20k option

Option provides the additional ability to measure up to 20kohms using the LO-OHMS mode. Also allows rough
measurements up to 100 kOhms. This option is not a substitute for an accurate ohm meter, it is intended for ballpark
checks of devices which do not require incredibly accurate measurements. No external devices necessary. This is only
available in firmware versions 3.39a and later.
LO-500 - Low Ohms 500 option

Option provides the additional ability to measure up to 500 ohms using the LO-OHMS mode. No external devices
necessary. This has been replaced by the LO-20k (Low Ohms 20k option) in firmware versions 3.39a and later. Units
with LO-500 may be automatically upgraded to LO-20k if the unit is sent in to Vitrek for service. The accuracy up to
500 ohms will remain the same.
SSX Safety Sense Removal Option

Option removes safety sense circuitry which improves the noise floor for low current / high resistance readings. This
option also increases the protection of the V-LO and Chassis Sense connections against voltage surges due to arcing or
breakdown of the Device Under Test. Option can be performed in the field and is easily reversible if the customer
wishes to re-implement the safety sense feature. Contact Vitrek for instructions.
ARCAMP External arc amplifier

Option provides an external box which greatly increases the sensitivity of the arc detection feature of the 944i. This
option is non-standard and is not in routine production. If your application calls for increased arc sensitivity, please
consult with Vitrek about options and your specific requirements.
5880A Alternate model #

Units sold through Valhalla Scientific are designated as model # 5880A instead of 944i. DIP switch SW301, switch 4, of
the main board inside the unit is turned off, which removes the Vitrek name from all display and interface
communications. The DIP switch can be turned on and off at will without affecting calibration of the unit. Servicing,
options, and calibration of the unit is no different from the standard 944i.
HP605 Alternate model #

Units sold through Bapco are designated as model # HP605 instead of 944i. DIP switch SW301, switch 4, of the main
board inside the unit is turned off, which removes the Vitrek name from all display and interface communications. The
DIP switch can be turned on and off at will without affecting calibration of the unit. Servicing, options, and calibration of
the unit is no different from the standard 944i.
Accessories:
TL-115 - Test Leads with 115V Outlet
For direct plug-in test convenience, this accessory provides a standard 3-prong North American power outlet in a handy
compact enclosure with mating leads for the 944i.
TL-10 - High Voltage Probe Set

This 10KV rated high voltage probe set allows the user to apply the test voltage to the device under test with pinpoint
accuracy.
TL-20 - Alligator Test Lead Set

This lead set is terminated in a booted alligator clip which enables the user to connect the high voltage test lead to a
chosen point, without having to handle the lead while the test voltage is applied.
RM-1 - Rack Mount Kit

The RM-1 permits the 944i to be used in a standard 19" rack. Instructions for installing the RM-1 are provided in the
"Getting Started" section of this manual.
GP-1 / GP-2 GPIB Cables

The GP-1 and GP-2 are 1 and 2 meter length IEEE-488/GPIB cables.
RSS-2 - Remote Safety Switch Box

The RSS-2 box provides remote Start and Abort buttons and Testing and Fail LED indicators. The accessory can be
plugged into a unit which has the PLC-2D or PLC-2E options installed.
FS-1M 1 Megohm output stabilizer

The FS-1M is an external 1 Megohm high voltage resistor. Connecting it between the V-Hi output of the 944i and your
Device Under Test can help stabilize measurements of devices which have a substantial amount of capacitance (>= 1uF).
Using this device will limit the current sourcing ability of the unit and will act as a voltage divider in series with your
product. Please consult Vitrek for assistance with improving measurements of special case devices which fall outside the
standard abilities of the 944i and for advice on test verification to ensure your product is being fully tested according to
specifications.
Routine Inspection and Maintenance

The 944i is equipped with a fan to cool the internal electronic circuitry. Periodically it is advisable to inspect the filter
assembly located on the rear panel. In areas where there is a high level of dust or other airborne particulate matter, the
inspection of this filter should be conducted more often. If the filter is allowed to become restricted, overheating can
occur causing damage to the electronic components.
Should the filter require cleaning, the finger guard snaps off to provide easy access to the filter element. A thorough
rinsing in a warm soap water solution should remove any build-up. Insert the filter element back into the finger guard
and snap into place. Note that the finger guard has four tabs which should line up with the four indentions on the fan
mounting bracket.
Ensure the fan is operating when unit is on. Air flow should be sucking into the unit. Fan should not be noisy.
.........................................................................................
Vitrek 944i Calibration Procedure No. 944CP-052902

In order to maintain the accuracy specifications of the 944i, it is necessary to verify/calibrate the unit against external
standards on a periodic basis. Vitrek recommends a calibration interval of one year. A calibration seal/sticker may be
placed over the cal enable hole in order to prevent unauthorized access to the external calibration routine.
Note: Allow a 60 minute, power on, warm-up period at ambient temperature (within 5C from calibration temperature).
Prior to conducting the following verification procedure, run a system test on the 944i including the output system check.
Should any errors be detected, consult your Vitrek service center. In the event that the unit fails to perform within the
given uncertainty levels, an external calibration to local standards may be required.
1. Calibration Verification
1.1. Voltage Output Accuracy
Connect a calibrated Vitrek 4600A Digital High Voltage Meter (or equivalent) to the V HI and V LO terminals of the
944i. Select the VDC direct mode, and record the values for the tests indicated on the proper Calibration Sheet at the end
of this section.
Once completed with the VDC tests, select the VAC direct mode, and run the tests specified on the Calibration Sheet at
the end of this section.
1.2. Current Measurement Accuracy

First, connect the V HI terminal to a Vitrek 4610A Precision High Voltage Resistance Standard (or equivalent), and the
V LO terminal to the Common terminal. Select the VDC direct mode on the 944i and engage the output, but leave the
unit running at 100 VDC. Select the proper resistor and connect it to the 944i (see table below). Edit the voltage up to
1kv, and take your readings. Then, reduce the voltage back to 100 VDC and select the next resistor. Make sure to take
the unit back down to 100 VDC when switching resistors.
Run the four tests as specified on the 944i Calibration Sheet at the end of this section.
For your reference, this table shows which resistor is needed to create the necessary current (at 1000 volts)
Current
1000nA
10A
1mA
10mA
Resistor
1G
100 M
1 M
100 K
The same process applies for the VAC, except that the 1000nA current test does not need to be run, leaving only the
10A, 1mA, and 10mA tests.
1.3. Meg-ohm Mode.

The meg-ohm function of the 944i is derived using the output voltage and corresponding leakage current. No
additional verification is required.
51
1.4. Low Resistance.

To verify performance of the low resistance function first zero out the lead resistance of the test leads to be used (press
"LO ", "0", short leads then "Enter"). After the leads have been "nulled out", connect the leads to a calibrated 1
resistor. The 944i should display 1.000 0.033 .
944i Standard Unit and 944i DC-7 Calibration Data Table

Measurement
Type
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Lo-
Lo-
Test
Voltage
100 VDC
500 VDC
1000 VDC
5000 VDC
7000 VDC
1000 VAC
5000 VAC
1000 VDC
1000 VDC
1000 VDC
1000 VDC
1000 VAC
1000 VAC
1000 VAC
Variable
Variable
Test
Load
100 M
100 M
100 M
100 M
100 M
100 M
100 M
1 G
100 M
1 M
100 k
100 M
1 M
100 k
1
5
Nominal
Values
100 VDC
500 VDC
1000 VDC
5000 VDC
7000 VDC
1000 VAC
5000 VAC
1000 nA DC
10 A DC
1 mA DC
10 mA DC
10 A AC
1 mA AC
10 mA AC
1.000
5.000
Incoming
Readings
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VAC
VAC
nA DC
A DC
mA DC
mA DC
A AC
mA AC
mA AC
Dev.
-100
-500
-1000
-5000
-7000
-1000
-5000
-1000
-10
-1.000
-10
-10
-1.000
-10
-1
-5
Outgoing
Readings
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VAC
VAC
nA DC
A DC
mA DC
mA DC
A AC
mA AC
mA AC
Dev.
-100
-500
-1000
-5000
-7000
-1000
-5000
-1000
-10
-1.000
-10
-10
-1.000
-10
-1
-5
Max. Tol.
7.5 VDC
16.8 VDC
23.7 VDC
53.0 VDC
62.7 VDC
31.6 VAC
70.7 VAC
12 nA DC
80 nA DC
18 A DC
130 A DC
1.05 A AC
15 A AC
550 A AC
33 m
45 m
944i DC-10 10kv Calibration Data Table

Measurement
Type
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Voltage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Hi-pot Leakage
Lo-
Lo-
Test
Voltage
100 VDC
500 VDC
1000 VDC
5000 VDC
7000 VDC
10000 VDC
1000 VAC
5000 VAC
1000 VDC
1000 VDC
1000 VDC
950 VDC
1000 VAC
1000 VAC
1000 VAC
Variable
Variable
Test
Load
100 M
100 M
100 M
100 M
100 M
100 M
100 M
100 M
1 G
100 M
1 M
100 k
100 M
1 M
100 k
1
5
Nominal
Values
100 VDC
500 VDC
1000 VDC
5000 VDC
7000 VDC
10000 VDC
1000 VAC
5000 VAC
1000 nA DC
10 A DC
1 mA DC
9.5 mA DC
10 A AC
1 mA AC
10 mA AC
1.000
5.000
Incoming
Readings
Dev.
VDC
-100
VDC
-500
VDC
-1000
VDC
-5000
VDC
-7000
VDC
-10000
VAC
-1000
VAC
-5000
nA DC
-1000
A DC
-10
mA DC -1.000
mA DC
-9.5
A AC
-10
mA AC -1.000
mA AC
-10
-1
-5
944i LVIR Option Calibration Data Table
Outgoing
Readings
Dev.
Max. Tol.
VDC
-100
15.0 VDC
VDC
-500
33.5 VDC
VDC
-1000
47.4 VDC
VDC
-5000
106.1 VDC
VDC
-7000
125.5 VDC
VDC
-10000
150.0 VDC
VAC
-1000
31.6 VAC
VAC
-5000
70.7 VAC
nA DC
-1000
12 nA DC
A DC
-10
80 nA DC
mA DC -1.000
18 A DC
mA DC
-9.5
130 A DC
A AC
-10
1.05 A AC
mA AC -1.000
15 A AC
mA AC
-10
550 A AC
-1
33 m
-5
45 m
Measurement
Type
LVIR Voltage
LVIR Voltage
LVIR Voltage
LVIR Resistance
LVIR Resistance
LVIR Resistance
LVIR Resistance
Test
Voltage
10 VDC
50 VDC
99 VDC
50 VDC
50 VDC
50 VDC
50 VDC
Test
Load
200 M
200 M
200 M
1 G
100 M
10 M
1 M
Nominal
Values
10 VDC
50 VDC
99 VDC
1 G
100 M
10 M
1 M
Incoming
Readings
VDC
VDC
VDC
G
M
M
M
Outgoing
Dev. Readings
-10
VDC
-50
VDC
-99
VDC
-1
G
-100
M
-10
M
-1
M
Dev.
-10
-50
-99
-1
-100
-10
-1
Max. Tol.
3 VDC
3 VDC
3 VDC
100 M
10 M
1 M
100 k
2. Re-calibration instructions
If the unit does not meet specifications, re-calibrate using the following instructions.
***NOTE*** If the unit has the LVIR option installed, follow this procedure to ensure a proper current calibration:
Turn the unit off and flip DIP switch 8 on SW301 (Main Board) to the ON position (disabling LVIR)
Calibrate the unit using the instructions below
Turn DIP switch 8 back to the OFF position and reboot the unit to re-enable the LVIR option
If LVIR is enabled during the current calibration, the 1000nA range will be skewed out of tolerance.
Voltage Calibration:
***NOTE*** Before beginning the Voltage calibration, verify that the unit can output 5000Volts. If you begin the
calibration process and the unit cannot achieve 5000 volts, then the RAM will need to be cleared in order to restore
normal operation after the output has been repaired. A RAM Clear requires a special set of firmware chips. Contact
Vitrek for more information.
***NOTE*** Enable the output in direct mode and then exit using the HV ENABLE button before entering the external
calibration mode. This sets all the bits properly for an external calibration. If you power the unit on and go directly to
external calibration, the unit may develop corrupted RAM and stop outputting voltage until a RAM Clear is performed.
Press the calibrate-external (EXTRNL) button. The display should respond with:
PRESS CAL ENABLE

TO CONTINUE
Use a small diameter tool to press the cal button through the hole in the front panel. The display should respond with:
CALIBRATION
VOLTS CURRENT EXIT
Place digital volt meter capable of reading up to 5000 volts on the output of the 944, with the common test lead going to V LO and
the voltage input going to the V HI terminal on the 944 (If you have the DC-10 option, the voltage input goes into the V HI
terminal on the DC-10, not the 944). Press enter or 1 to select the VOLTS calibration routine. The display will respond with:
HIGH VOLTAGE ENABLE

REQUIRED
Press the HV Enable push button. Three warning beeps will sound and the high voltage warning LEDs will flash. CAUTION:
after this point high voltage will be present on the output of the 944. The display will respond with:
ADJUST
500 VOLTS
After a few seconds the display will respond with a screen displaying two meters, the top one will be displaying the voltage that
the 944i is putting out.
You will notice that the 5 in the 500VDC is flashing, this shows what digit you can make your adjustment to. You can move
the flashing number to the unit column that you need to adjust using the right and left cursor keys. Using this method you can
adjust the output by ether 1, 10 or 100 volts at a time using the up and down arrows.
Adjust the voltage until the meter reads an average of 500 volts. Note: The display on the 944i will reflect the adjusted value
not the value shown on the meter.
When you are satisfied with the voltage reading on the meter press enter. The display will respond with:
ADJUST
1000 VOLTS
Repeat the adjustment procedure as described above, adjusting the output voltage for an average of 1000 volts. Press enter when
you are satisfied with the meter reading. The display will respond with:
ADJUST VOLTAGE TO
5000 VOLTS
Repeat the adjustment procedure as described above, adjusting the output voltage for an average of 5000 volts. Press enter when
you are satisfied with the meter reading. The display will respond with:
STORING CALIBRATION
CONSTANTS
(FOLLOWED BY)
CALIBRATION COMPLETE
THANK YOU
(FOLLOWED BY)
ENTER
Press enter when ready and the calibration screen will show up again:
CALIBRATION
VOLTS CURRENT EXIT
You may exit by selecting EXIT or pressing 3 on the keypad.
Before rebooting the unit, ensure that the PL102 jumper on the main board is in the NORM position or your new calibration
constants will be erased.
Current Calibration:
Press the calibrate-external (EXTRNL) button. The display should respond with:
PRESS CAL ENABLE

TO CONTINUE
Use a small diameter tool to press the cal button through the hole in the front panel. The display should respond with:
CALIBRATION
VOLTS CURRENT EXIT
Enter the CURRENT calibration routine by selecting CURRENT or pressing 2 on the keypad.
When you enter the CURRENT calibration routine, the display will show the following message:
REMOVE CONNECTIONS
THEN PRESS ENTER
Remove all connections from the 944i. To continue, press enter. The display should respond with:
APPLY 1.8A FROM VLO

TO REAR GND (ENTER)
Connect a Valhalla Scientific 2701C (or equivalent) to a Valhalla Scientific 2500 AC-DC Current Calibrator (or equivalent) as
follows:
A. Connect 2701C +V terminal to the 2500 + input terminal.
B. Connect 2701C -V terminal to the 2500 - input terminal..
Connect the 2500 to the 944i as follows:
A. Connect 2500 + output terminal to the 944i V-Lo terminal.
B. Connect 2500 - output terminal to the 944i rear chassis ground banana jack.
C. Set the 2701C range to 2 volts.
D. Dial in 1.80000 volts.
F. Set the output current range of the 2500 to 1A.
G. Place the 2701C in the "operate" mode.
Press enter on the 944i. The display should respond with:
APPLY 18A FROM VLO

TO REAR GND (ENTER)
Set the output current range of the 2500 to 10A.
APPLY 1.8mA FROM VLO

TO REAR GND (ENTER)
Set the current output range of the 2500 to 1mA.
APPLY 85mA FROM VLO

TO REAR GND (ENTER)
Dial in .85000 volts on the 2701C.
Set the current output range of the 2500 to 100mA.
ENTER TO PROCEED
CLEAR TO BACKUP
Press Enter to complete the calibration procedure. DO NOT use the CLEAR TO BACKUP feature. If you made a
mistake during the calibration routine, exit the routine and start all over again. DO NOT try to back out of the routine or
turn off power during the routine. When enter is pressed, the display will respond with:
STORING CALIBRATION
CONSTANTS
(FOLLOWED BY)
CALIBRATION COMPLETE
THANK YOU
(FOLLOWED BY)
ENTER
Press enter when ready and the calibration screen will show up again:
CALIBRATION
VOLTS CURRENT EXIT
You may exit by selecting EXIT or pressing 3 on the keypad.
Before rebooting the unit, ensure that the PL102 jumper on the main board is in the NORM position or your new calibration
constants will be erased.
Once the calibration procedure is complete, you should reboot the unit and perform the verification procedure to ensure
that the calibration was successful and to take the measurements necessary to complete your calibration certificate.
Vitrek 944i Low ohms Adjustment Procedure (standard unit) (LO-500 and LO-20k instructions below)
***NOTE: This procedure should always be performed AFTER you are happy with the voltage and current
calibration. Re-calibrating the voltage or current will change the performance of the Low Ohms circuit.
Enter Direct Low Ohms mode press the 0 key to initiate the lead zeroing procedure. Insert a direct short
between Chassis Sense and V-Lo. Follow on-screen directions to complete the zeroing procedure.
Exit Low Ohms mode by pressing HV Disable.
***NOTE: The 944i may not range properly if the resistance load is changed while performing a test. For this
reason you must connect the load first and then run the test. The same applies if you are using a decade resistor
box or similar device. Every time you change the load you will need to exit Low Ohms mode and re-initiate in
order to ensure an accurate measurement.
Insert a calibrated 5 ohm load between Chassis Sense and V-Lo.
Enter Direct Low Ohms mode and adjust RV4 until the readout matches the value of the calibrated load.
Connect a direct short between Chassis Sense and V-Lo and zero the leads again now that your adjustment is
complete.
Test the unit to measure within published specs at 1 and 5 ohms plus any special values of interest.
***NOTE: If the values are out of spec, perform a new voltage and current calibration. The Low Ohms
measurement is dependent upon the voltage and current cal factors.
Vitrek 944i Low ohms Adjustment Procedure (for units with LO-500 or LO-20k option installed)
***NOTE: This procedure should always be performed AFTER you are happy with the voltage and current
calibration. Re-calibrating the voltage or current will change the performance of the Low Ohms circuit.
***NOTE: LO-20k is only available with firmware version 3.39a or later and supersedes LO-500.
Enter direct low ohms mode and connect a 330 ohm load between Chassis Sense and V-Lo
Connect a DC volt meter across the load. There should be 0.5 volts DC across the load. If not, adjust the grey
2kohm potentiometer until it reads 0.5 volts DC. The pot is located underneath the linear drive module and is an
addition to the HV board or it will be attached to the front of the linear drive on a small perf-board circuit.
Enter Direct Low Ohms mode press the 0 key to initiate the lead zeroing procedure. Insert a direct short between
Chassis Sense and V-Lo. Follow on-screen directions to complete the zeroing procedure.
Exit Low Ohms mode by pressing HV Disable.
***NOTE: 944is with firmware versions prior to 3.39a may not range properly if the resistance load is changed
while performing a test. For this reason you must connect the load first and then run the test. The same applies if
you are using a decade resistor box or similar device. Every time you change the load you will need to exit Low
Ohms mode and re-initiate in order to ensure an accurate measurement.
Insert a calibrated 330 ohm load between Chassis Sense and V-Lo.
Enter Direct Low Ohms mode and adjust RV4 until the readout matches the value of the calibrated load.
Connect a direct short between Chassis Sense and V-Lo and zero the leads again now that your adjustment is
complete.
Test the unit to measure within published specs at 1, 5, 330, and 20k ohms plus any special values of interest.
***NOTE: If the values are out of spec, perform a new voltage and current calibration. The Low Ohms
measurement is dependent upon the voltage and current cal factors. There may also be something faulty with the
voltage output circuit if the LOW OHMS is not within specs.
Vitrek 944i EPROM Upgrade Procedure

Caution! Use ESD workstation to prevent damage to components.
Warning! Dangerous voltages exist in this unit, even with AC power removed. Refer service to qualified
personnel.
1. Disconnect AC power input. Remove the two rear plastic end caps and the top cover.
2. Remove two existing EPROMS (U101 & U102) from the main bd.
3. Install the two new EPROMs correctly in their proper sockets. Pin 1 of the EPROM should be closest to the front of
the unit.
4. Install PL102 header on the main board in the setup position (PL102 is located just to the rear and left of u101).
5. Power up unit. The unit should beep three times and the display should respond with:
V I T R E K 944I
DIGITAL HIPOT TESTER
FIRST TIME POWER UP
RAM CLEARED
VERSION
3.XX
SELF TEST
CHECKING ROM
DAY MONTH YEAR
HOUR MINUTE SECOND
6. Install PL102 header on the main board in the norm position. Failure to do so will result in RAM initialization on
reset or power-up causing loss of stored data.
7. The unit will now require an external calibration.
Specifications
AC DIELECTRIC MODE
AC Voltage Output:
Voltage uncertainty is equal to the square root of the selected output.
Examples:
Output
Formula
Accuracy
100 VAC
Sqrt(100)
10.0 VAC
500 VAC
Sqrt(500)
22.4 VAC
1000 VAC
Sqrt(1000)
31.6 VAC
5000 VAC
Sqrt(5000)
70.7 VAC
Output Frequency: 50Hz to 100Hz with 1Hz resolution independent of line power
frequency.
Output Waveform:
Digitally synthesized, low distortion sinewave.
AC Current Sensing (AC Leakage):

Range
Resolution
Accuracy
13.00uA
10nA
0.5% of reading 1uA
1.300mA
1uA
0.5% of reading 10uA
40.0mA
100uA
Current Sensing:
total current.
Resistive current (in-phase), reactive current (out-of-phase) or
Voltage Coefficient:
100pA/V
AC Current Limits:
Range
Current Limit
100 to 5,000 VAC
35mA
AC Current Limits with option FR-4:

Range
Current Limit
100 to 500 VAC
20mA
500 to 3500 VAC
35mA
3500 to 4000 VAC
30mA
4000 to 4200 VAC
25mA
4200 to 4400 VAC
20mA
4400 to 4600 VAC
15mA
4600 to 5000 VAC
10mA
DC DIELECTRIC MODE
DC Voltage Output:
58
Voltage uncertainty is equal to the square root of the selected output

times 0.75
Examples:
Output
Formula
Accuracy
100 VDC
Sqrt(100) * 0.75
7.5 VDC
500 VDC
Sqrt(500) * 0.75
16.8 VDC
1000 VDC
Sqrt(1000) * 0.75
23.7 VDC
5000 VDC
Sqrt(5000) * 0.75
53.0 VDC
7000 VDC*
Sqrt(7000) * 0.75
62.7 VDC
* Requires option DC-7

DC Voltage Output with option DC-10:
Voltage uncertainty is equal to the square root of the selected output
times 1.5
(AC Voltage specs remain the same as the standard 944 as described above)
Examples:
Output
Formula
Accuracy
100 VDC
Sqrt(100) * 1.5
15.0 VDC
500 VDC
Sqrt(500) * 1.5
33.5 VDC
1,000 VDC
Sqrt(1000) * 1.5
47.4 VDC
5,000 VDC
Sqrt(5000) * 1.5
106.1 VDC
7,000 VDC
Sqrt(7000) * 1.5
125.5 VDC
10,000 VDC
Sqrt(10000) * 1.5
150.0 VDC
DC Current Sensing (DC Leakage)

Range
Resolution
Accuracy
1.800uA
1nA
0.4% of reading 6nA
18.00uA
10nA
0.3% of reading 30nA
1.800mA
1uA
40.0mA
10uA
Voltage Coefficient:
15pA/V
DC Current Limits:
Range
Current Limit
100 to 5,000 VDC
35mA
DC Current Limits with option FR-4:

Range
Current Limit
100 to 500 VDC
20mA
500 to 4000 VDC
35mA
4000 to 4500 VDC
30mA
4500 to 5000 VDC
25mA
5,000 to 7,000 VDC*
5mA
* Requires option DC-7

DC Current Limits with option DC-10:
Range
Current Limit
100 to 10,000 VDC
10mA
HIGH RESISTANCE MODE

(Insulation Resistance)
Resistance Range
Minimum Resistance
Test Voltage
2.6G
100K
100VDC
13G
500K
500VDC
26G
1M
1,000VDC
65G
2.5M
2,500VDC
Accuracy: Combined uncertainty of DC Voltage Output + Current Measurement Accuracy

LOW RESISTANCE MODE
(Continuity)
Standard unit
Full Scale
10 Maximum including lead resistance.**
Resolution
1m
Test Current
50mA
Lead Compensation
Automatic offset circuit "nulls" out two wire lead resistance
Accuracy
0.3% of reading + 30m (**Accuracy above 5 ohms not specified)
With LO-20k option

Full Scale
110000 Maximum including lead resistance.
Accuracy for 0-10 ohms
0.3% of reading + 30m
1% of reading
2% of reading
5% of reading
10% of reading
20% of reading
General Specifications
Arc Detection Sensitivity
User selectable 3 microseconds to 30 microseconds
Display
40 character alphanumeric LCD
High Voltage Indicator
Lightning bolt illuminated by independent output voltage monitor.

Audible alarm sounds prior to voltage output.
Voltage Resolution
1 volt AC or DC
Dwell Time Accuracy
+2 seconds/minute, -500mS/minute
Slew Rate
10 volts/second to 1999 volts/second, user selectable
Limits
Test automatically aborts when digitally stored minimum or

maximum limit is exceeded.
Remote Interface Option "IF-4"
GPIB - IEE-488.2 Subset compatible

RS232C - 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 Baud rate selectable
Parallel - IBM/Centronics compatible
VICL - Vitrek auxiliary unit control loop
Accuracy
Stated specifications are bipolar and apply for one year within 5C
from calibration temperature (20 to 25C).
Temperature Coefficient
0.1 times stated accuracy per C beyond calibration temperature

window
Calibration
Traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology

(NIST). Automatic "Covers on" calibration, internal or external.
Calibration constants stored in non-volatile memory.
Warm up Time
No warm up time is required for units stored in ambient

temperatures ranging from 64F to 82F (18C to 28C). A
minimum 30 minute warm up time is recommended for units stored
in temperatures outside that range. A minimum 60 minute warm up
time is recommended prior to performing an external calibration
procedure.
Operating Temperature
0C to 50C
Humidity
90% RH, 0 to 40C
Power
115/230 VAC 10%, 350 VA Max
Dimensions
89mm H x 432mm W x 457mm D (3.5" H x 17" W x 18" D)
Weight
14Kg (34 lb.) Net / 18Kg (40 lb.) Shipping

Vitrek 944i Operating Manual 3.39A and Lower 2013-03-13

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944i Dielectric Analyzer

Operating & Maintenance Manual

V: 858 689 2755

F: 858 689 2760

Copyright Vitrek Corporation 1992-2013, all rights reserved, rev 2013-03-13

2 Direct Mode Operation

3 Automatic Mode Operation

Front Panel Lockout ..............................................................................................30

7 Options and Accessories

GROUND THE INSTRUMENT

DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE

DO NOT REMOVE COVERS

DO NOT OPERATE ALONE

DANGER! HIGH VOLTAGE

READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MANUAL

5 Amp slow blow fuse

210 to 256 VAC 50/60Hz

2.5 or 3 Amp slow blow fuse

Front Panel Layout

Rear Panel Layout

1. Fan Filter Assembly

Instructions for Bench Use

Instructions for Rack Mounting

Earth Ground Connection

Current Detection Circuitry

DC Dielectric Strength Function

AC Dielectric Strength Function

Insulation Resistance (Megohm) Function

HIGH VOLTAGE ENABLE

Low Resistance (Continuity) Function

DC Dielectric Strength Function

AC Dielectric Strength Function

Insulation Resistance (Megohm) Function

Low Resistance (Continuity) Function

Adding Test Steps

Recalling Test Programs

Editing Existing Test Programs

Press "+/-", "9", "4", "4"

You do not need to know the old password to do this.

Printing Test Reports

Advanced User Note

Test Connection Safety Precautions

Dielectric Testing (VAC, VDC and I/R)

Low Resistance Testing

Connecting to Devices with Earth Grounds

Connecting to Non-Earth Grounded Devices

Typical Electrical Safety Test Connection Diagram

DEVICE UNDER TEST

Self Test Function

Safety Control Settings

Controlling the HV Warning Beeper

Arc Detection Sensitivity

Automatic Chassis Continuity Testing

Ramp Down Option

Ramp Current Limit

Configuring Meg-ohm Mode

Menu Key Options

Printer Line Termination

Safety Interlock Jack

Front Panel Lockout