DPT Curriculum

CURRICULUM
FOR
5 YEARS DEGREE PROGRAMME

IN
PHYSICAL THERAPY
DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY (DPT)
2011
UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

LAHORE, PAKISTAN
1
GOVERNOR'S HOUSE
LAHORE
FOREWORD
1. The establishment of University of Health Sciences is a milestone in the efforts of the

Government to ensure quality medical education in the province. The Government of Punjab has
achieved tremendous progress in providing quality education with the establishment of this
University.
2. With a view to bring about further improvement in medical education, the undergraduate
programmes are being reviewed on a continuous basis so as to improve their quality and to bring
them at par with international standards.
3. The Government has focused on other components relating to health sciences and has
particularly been successful in bringing about a significant improvement in the field of pharmacy.
In addition, the Government of Punjab has undertaken a new initiative by introducing a four years
degree programme in Allied Health Sciences. Considering the rapid technical developments in
the health systems around the world, the Allied Health Sciences programme is a step forward to
fill up the gap in the prevailing health systems in the province.
4. I am happy to point out that all medical colleges affiliated with the University of Health
Sciences have unanimously been able to put up a comprehensive programme covering 17
disciplines in the Allied Health Sciences. This indeed is a very positive, appreciative and
commendable effort.
5. I wish them success in their endeavors.
UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES LAHORE

VICE
CHANCELLOR
PREFACE
A university is the zenith of knowledge that imparts quality education and awards degrees for extensive
educational attainments in various disciplines. Protection of traditional knowledge, making exploration about
it and obtaining deep understanding about modern technology and research techniques are some of
responsibilities of the university. The mission of University of Health Sciences Lahore (UHS) is chartered to
develop an intellectually conducive environment providing excellence and innovation in medical education
and research to produce competent and community oriented doctors, dentists, allied health professionals,
nurses, bio-medical engineers and paramedics.
Allied Health Sciences is a field in medicine which has been completely neglected up till now so that there is
absolute dearth of trained Allied Health personnel who are the actual service providers to the patients. As a
matter of fact they form the connecting link between the doctors and the patients which is missing altogether
in our health care system.
Realizing all this UHS has led to organize education and training at B.Sc Honors level in all disciplines of
Allied Health Sciences. In 2007, Fifteen disciplines were identified and launched in all the UHS affiliated
medical institutions in both public and private sectors. These programmes included: Physiotherapy,
Occupational Therapy, Speech & Language Pathology, Optometry and Orthoptics, Orthotic and Prosthetic
Sciences, Nutrition, Audiology and Biomedical Engineering, & Intensive Care, Respiratory Therapy, Cardiac
Perfusion, Medical Laboratory Technology, Medical Imaging Technology, Emergency Dental Technology,
Operation Theater Technology. This has been a remarkable development in the field of medicine in our
country and has contributed towards filling up the existing gaps in the health delivery system.
Keeping in lieu with UHS goal to provide the most advanced education to the students in Punjab, it has
achieved another milestone in the healthcare education in the field of Physiotherapy. UHS has recognized the
3
continuing trends in the upgrading of Physiotherapy curriculum nation/worldwide and has updated the current
B.Sc. Curriculum in Physiotherapy to Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT).
All this has been achieved with constant support and guidance of Honorable Chief Minister of the Punjab Mr.
Shahbaz Sharif who has actually played a pivotal role in organizing these programmes and the untiring efforts
and contribution of Professor Amer Aziz Head of Department, Orthopedic and Spinal Surgery, Lahore
Medical and Dental College. Government of the Punjab in the Health Department is fully committed to
support this educational programme and has instructed all the medical institutions under its administrative
control to launch these programmes in their respective institutions.
This document precisely briefs the details of Programme in Physiotherapy as prepared by the experts
committee in lieu of internationally acknowledged standards of physical therapy education. I am pleased to
acknowledge the efforts made by Hafiz Muhammad Asim (Doctor of Physical Therapy DPT (U.S.A)
Assistant Professor/Course Supervisor, LM&DC) and member Board of Studies Allied Health Sciences UHS;
Dr. Farhia Shah (Doctor of Physical Therapy - DPT (U.S.A) / Course Supervisor, (FMH CM&D IAHS) and
Focal Person for Development of Physiotherapy Curriculum for UHS/HEC; Mr. Ahmad Qayyum
(Physiotherapy Deptt/ Ghurki Hospital); Dr. Hafiz Sheraz Arshad (Physiotherapy Deptt / LMDC) and Mr.
Ashfaq Ahmad (Chief Physiotherapist/ HOD Physiotherapy Deptt. (Clinical), FMH). The contribution made by
them will go a long way in the education and training in the field of AHS.
I hope this programme will meet the latest trends in Physiotherapy and will certainly produce competent
Physiotherapists to fill in the gap in the system which is main objective of this programme.
Prof. M. H. Mubbashar
Hilal-e-Imtiaz, Sitara-e-Imtiaz
MB, FRCP, FCPS Psych, FRC Psych, DPM
Vice Chancellor/ Chief Executive
University of Health Sciences, Lahore
DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY (DPT)

INTRODUCTION
Physical therapy is an essential segment of modern health care system. It is a science of
healing and art of caring. It pertains to the clinical examination, evaluation, assessment,
diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal, Neurological, Cardio-Vascular and Respiratory
systems functional disorders including symptoms of pain, edema, physiological, structural and
psychosomatic ailments. It deals with methods of treatment based on movement, manual therapy,
physical agents, and therapeutics modalities to relieve the pain and other complications.
Hence, Physical therapy covers basic parameters of healing sciences i.e. preventive,
promotional, diagnostic, rehabilitative, and curative.
GOALS OF THE PROGRAM:

THE PURPOSE OF THE DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PROGRAM (DPT) IS
TO PREPARE PHYSICAL THERAPISTS WHO WILL:
1. Be primary providers of physical therapy care.
2. Serve as responsible members in the professional community and are willing and able to
assume leadership roles in the communities they serve.
3. Identify researchable problems, advocate and participate in research, and incorporate
research findings into clinical practice.
4. Understand and place in context the social, economic and cultural issues of practice and
effectively advocate for changes in policy
5. Correlate theory with practice and think creatively about, react to, adapt or shape new
practice environments.
6. Participate in and provide education for communities, patients, peers, students and others.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM:

GRADUATES OF THE DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY PROGRAM WILL:
1. Demonstrate in-depth knowledge of the basic and clinical sciences relevant to physical
therapy, both in their fundamental context and in their application to the discipline of
physical therapy.
2. Understand, correlate and apply theoretical foundations of knowledge to the practice of
physical therapy; evaluate and clarify new or evolving theory relevant to physical
therapy.
3. Demonstrate the behaviors of the scholarly clinician by developing and utilizing the
process of critical thinking and inquiry, particularly focused on the improvement of the
practice of physical therapy and the delivery of health care.
4. Engage in reflective practice through sound clinical decision making, critical selfassessment and commitment to lifelong learning.
5. Demonstrate mastery of entry level professional clinical skills. Provision of these
services is based on the best available evidence and includes physical therapy
examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, prevention activities,
wellness initiatives and appropriate health care utilization.
6. Prepared to influence the development of human health care regulations and policies that
are consistent with the needs of the patient and of the society.
7. Demonstrate leadership, management, and communication skills to effectively participate
in physical therapy practice and the health care team.
8. Incorporate and demonstrate positive attitudes and behaviors to all persons.
9. Demonstrate the professional and social skills to adapt to changing health care
environments to effectively provide physical therapy care.
*SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR 5 YEARS

DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY (DPT) PROGRAM
YEAR
NAME OF SUBJECT
PROFESSIONAL
Clock
EXAMINATION
Hours/
Marks
year
FIRST PROFESSIONAL
YEAR
FIRST YR
ANATOMY I
YES
400
200
PHYSIOLOGY-I
YES
300
200
YES
450
200
YES
150
100
PROFESSIONAL
50
N/A
50
N/A
1400
700
KINESIOLOGY-I
AND
BIOMECHANICS
ISLAMIC
ETHICS
STUDIES
&
PAKISTAN
STUDIES
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
EXAM IN 3RD
PROF.
INTERNAL
INTRODUCTION
COMPUTER
TO
ASSESSMENT
ONLY
SECOND PROFESSIONAL
YEAR
SECOND
YEAR
ANATOMY II
YES
450
200
PHYSIOLOGY-II
YES
300
200
YES
300
200
YES
200
200
YES
200
100
50
N/A
KINESIOLOGY-II &
ERGONOMICS
BIOCHEMISTRY
&
GENETICS
MEDICAL PHYSICS
PROFESSIONAL
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
EXAM IN 3RD
PROF.
INTERNAL
HEALTH AND WELLNESS
ASSESSMENT
50
ONLY
1550
900
THIRD PROFESSIONAL
YEAR
THIRD
YEAR
PATHOLOGY &
MICROBIOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY
PHYSICAL AGENTS &

ELECTROTHERAPY
YES
300
200
YES
200
100
YES
300
200
YES
400
200
YES
100
200
INTERNAL
100
THERAPEUTIC
EXERCISES &
TECHNIQUES
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
ASSESSMENT
TEACHING
METHODOLOGY &
ONLY
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
LOG BOOK
SUPERVISED
PRACTICE I, II
CLINICAL
200
SUBMISSION TO
P.T
DEPARTMENT
1600
900
FOURTH PROFESSIONAL
YEAR
FOURTH
YEAR
YES
200
200
YES
200
200
YES
400
200
YES
100
100
YES
300
100
LOG BOOK
200
MEDICINE
SURGERY
PT-I:
MUSCULOSKELETAL
AND NEUROLOGICAL
PHYSICAL THERAPY
RADIOLOGY &
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING &
EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES
AND
PRIMARY CARE
BIOSTATISTICS
&
EVIDENCE
BASED
PRACTICE
SUPERVISED
CLINICAL
PRACTICE III, IV
SUBMISSION TO
P.T
DEPARTMENT
1450
800
10
FIFTH PROFESSIONAL
YEAR
FIFTH
YEAR
YES
500
200
YES
100
100
YES
350
200
Yes
100
100
PT-II:
CARDIOPULMONARY,
OBS-GYNEA,
INTEGUMENTRY &
MANUAL PHYSICAL
THERAPY
CLINICAL DECISION
MAKING &
DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY,
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY &
RESEARCH PROJECT
PROFESSIONAL
PRACTICE
&
COMMUNITY BASED
REHABILITATION
Yes
350
200
PT-III, VI: PAEDIATRIC,
11
GERIATRIC, SPORTS &

PROSTHETICS &
ORTHOTICS PHYSICAL
THERAPY
SUPERVISED
PRACTICE V, VI
CLINICAL
LOG BOOK
200
SUBMISSION TO
P.T
DEPARTMENT
1600
800
HOUSE JOB
One year of house job will be incorporated at the end of five year degree program
12
FIRST PROFESSIONAL YEAR

1. ANATOMY I
2. PHYSIOLOGY-I
3. KINESIOLOGY-I & BIOMECHANICS
4. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
5. ISLAMIC STUDIES/ETHICS & PAKISTAN STUDIES
6. BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
Total Marks: 700
13
ANATOMY I
THEORY HOURS
300
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
400
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The focus of this course is an in-depth study and analysis of the regional and systemic
organization of the body. Emphasis is placed upon structure and function of human movement. A
comprehensive study of human anatomy with emphasis on the nervous, musculoskeletal, and
circulatory systems is incorporated. Introduction to general anatomy lays the foundation of the
course. Dissection and identification of structures in the cadaver supplemented with the study of
charts, models, prospected materials and radiographs are utilized to identify anatomical
landmarks and configurations of the upper limb, thoracic region, lower limb and Histology.
Anatomy-1
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Anatomy-1 shall consist of three hours duration and of
maximum 90 marks each. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks each.
There will be 09 short essay questions in each paper from the subject of Anatomy-1 and there
will be no choice. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
There will be 45 MCQs in each paper and each question will carry 01 mark.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Anatomy-1 will consist of maximum 90 marks. Internal
Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
14
DETAILED COURSE OUTLINE

CELL BIOLOGY
GENERAL ANATOMY
Terms related to position and movements
The skin and subcutaneous tissues
Layers of skin
Integuments of skin
Glands associated with hair follicle
Microscopic picture of skin
BONES AND CARTILAGES

Osteology
Functions of Bones
Classification of bones
Parts of developing long bones
Blood supply of bones
Lymphatic vessels & nerve supply
Rule of direction of nutrient foramen
Gross structure of long bone
Surface marking
Cartilage
Development of bone and cartilage
Microscopic picture of cartilage and bone
THE MUSCLE
Introduction
Histological Classification
Functions of muscles in general
Type of skeletal muscles
Parts of skeletal muscle and their action
15
Nomenclature.
Microscopic picture of muscle
STRUCTURES RELATED TO MUSCLES & BONES

Tendons
Aponeurosis
Fasciae
Synovial bursae
Tendon Synovial sheaths
Raphaes
Ligaments
Condyle
Epicongyle
Ridge
Tuberosity
Tubercle
Foramen
Canal
Groove
Process
Spur
THE JOINTS
Introduction
Functional classifications
Structural classification
Structures comprising a Synovial joint
Movements of joints
Blood supply of Synovial joints, their nerve supply and lymphatic drainage
Factors responsible for joint stability.
Development of joints
16
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Definition
Division of circulatory system into pulmonary & systemic
Classification of blood vessels and their microscopic picture
Heart and its histology
Function of the Heart
Anastomosis
UPPER LIMB
OSTEOLOGY:
Detailed description of all bones of upper limb and shoulder girdle along their
musculature and ligamentous attachments.
MYOLOGY
Muscles connecting upper limb to the axial skeletal
Muscles around shoulder joint
Walls and contents of axilla
Muscles in brachial region
Muscles of forearm
Muscles of hand.
Retinacula,
Palmar apouenrosis
Flexor tendon dorsal digital expansion
NEUROLOGY
Course, distribution and functions of all nerves of upper limb
Brachial plexus
ANGIOLOGY (CIRCULATION).
Course and distribution of all arteries and veins of upper limb.
17
Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
Axillary lymph node
Cubital fossa
ARTHROLOGY
Acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints
Shoulder joint
Elbow joint
Wrist joint
Radioulnar joints
Inter carpal joints
Joints MCP and IP
Surface Anatomy of upper limb
Surface marking of upper limb
DEMONSTARIONS:
Demonstration on Shoulder joint, attached muscles and articulating surfaces.
Demonstration on Elbow joint.
Demonstration on Wrist joint
Demonstration on Radioulnar joint.
Demonstration on MCP and IP joints.
Demonstration on acromioclavicular joint
Demonstration on sternoclavicular joint
Demonstration on Brachial plexus.
Demonstration of blood supply of brain.
Demonstration on Structure of bones
LOWER LIMB
OSTEOLOGY
Detailed description of all bones of lower limb and pelvis along their musculature and
ligamentous attachments.
18
MYOLOGY
Muscles of gluteal region
Muscles around hip joint
Muscles of thigh (anteriorly, posteriorly, laterally and medially)
Muscles of lower leg and foot.
NEUROLOGY
Course, distribution, supply of all nerves of lower limb and gluteal region
Lumbosacral plexus.
ANGIOLOGY
Course and distribution of all arteries, veins and lymphatic drainage of lower limb
ARTHROLOGY
Pelvis
Hip joint
Knee joint
Ankle joint
Joints of the foot
Surface Anatomy of lower limb
Surface marking of lower limb
GENERAL HISTOLOGY
Cell
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Bone
Muscles tissue
Nervous tissues
Blood vessels
19
Skin and appendages

Lymphatic organs
Practical
During study of Gross Anatomy, emphasis should be given on applied aspect, radiological
anatomy, surface anatomy and cross-sectional anatomy of the region covered in the respective
semester /year
Recommended Text Books:
Grays Anatomy by Prof. Susan Standring 39th Ed., Elsevier.
Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students by Richard S.Snell.
Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Keith Moore.
Clinical Anatomy by R.J. Last, Latest Ed.
Cunninghams Manual of Practical Anatomy by G.J. Romanes, 15th Ed., Vol-I, II

and III.
The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology by Keith L. Moore, 6th

Ed.
Wheaters Functional Histology by Young and Heath, Latest Ed.
Medical Histology by Prof. Laiq Hussain.
Neuroanatomy by Richard S.Snell.
20
PHYSIOLOGY
I
THEORY HOURS
200
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
300
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The course is designed to study the function of the human body at the molecular, cellular,
tissue and systems levels. The major underlying themes are: the mechanisms for promoting
homeostasis; cellular processes of metabolism, membrane function and cellular signaling; the
mechanisms that match supply of nutrients to tissue demands at different activity levels; the
mechanisms that match the rate of excretion of waste products to their rate of production; the
mechanisms that defend the body against injury and promote healing.
These topics are addressed by a consideration of nervous and endocrine regulation of the
cardiovascular, hematopoietic, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems
including the control of cellular metabolism. The integrative nature of physiological responses in
normal function and disease is stressed throughout the course.
This course will sever as pre requisite for the further courses i.e. exercise physiology, pathology,
etc.
Physiology-1
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Physiology-1 shall consist of three hours duration and of
There will be 09 short essay questions in each paper from the subject of Physiology 1 and there
There will be 45 MCQs in each paper and each question will carry 01 mark.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Physiology-1 will consist of maximum 90 marks. Internal
21

BASIC AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
Functional organization of human body
Homeostasis
Control systems in the body
Cell membrane and its functions
Cell organelles and their functions
Genes: control and function
NERVE AND MUSCLE
Structure and function of neuron
Physiological properties of nerve fibers
Physiology of action potential
Conduction of nerve impulse
Nerve degeneration and regeneration.
Synapses
Physiological structure of muscle,
Skeletal muscle contraction,
Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle contraction.
Neuromuscular junction and transmission,
Excitation contraction coupling,
Structure and function of motor unit
Clinical Module
1. Perform nerve conduction studies and explain their clinical importance
2. Myopathies and neuropathies
3. Peripheral nerve injuries
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Heart and circulation
Function of cardiac muscle
Cardiac pacemaker and cardiac muscle contraction
Cardiac cycle
22
ECG: recording and interpretation
Common arrhythmias and its mechanism of development
Types of blood vessels and their function
Haemodynamics of blood flow (local control systemic circulation its regulation and
control). Peripheral resistance its regulation and effect on circulation
Arterial pulse
Blood pressure and its regulation
Cardiac output and its control
Heart sounds and murmurs Importance in circulation and control of venous return.
Coronary circulation
Splanchnic, pulmonary and cerebral circulation
Triple response and cutaneous circulation
Foetal circulation and circulatory changes at birth
Clinical Module
1. Clinical significance of cardiac cycle, correlation of ECG and heart sounds to cardiac
cycle
2. Clinical significance of cardiac cycle, interpretation of ischemia and arrhythmias
3. Effects of hypertension
4. Clinical significance of heart sounds
5. Effects of ischemia
6. Shock
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Function of respiratory tract,
Respiratory and non-respiratory function of the lungs,
Mechanics of breathing.
Production & function of surfactant and compliance of lungs,
Protective reflexes.
Lung volumes and capacities including dead space,
Diffusion of gases across the alveolar membrane,
Relationship between ventilation and perfusion.
23
Mechanism of transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood.
Nervous and chemical regulation of respiration,
Abnormal breathing,
Hypoxia, its causes and effects,
Cyanosis, its causes and effects
Clinical Module
1. Clinical importance of lung function tests
2. Causes of abnormal ventilation and perfusion
3. Effects on pneumothoax, pleural effusion, and pneumonia
4. Respiratory failure
5. Artificial respiration and uses & effects of O2 therapy
6. Clinical significance of hypoxia, cyanosis, and dyspnoea
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
General function of gastrointestinal tract,
Enteric nervous system,
control of gastrointestinal,
motility and secretion,
Mastication,
Swallowing: mechanism and control.
Function, motility and secretions of stomach.
Function, motility and secretions of small intestine.
Function, motility and secretions of large intestine.
Function of GIT hormones,
Mechanism of vomiting and its control pathway.
Defecation and its control pathway.
Functions of liver,
Functions of, gallbladder and bile in digestion.
Endocrine & exocrine pancreas and functions of pancreas in digestion
Clinical Module
1. Dysphagia
24
2. Physiological basis of acid peptic disease

3. Causes of vomiting
4. Diarrhea and constipation in clinical settings
5. Jaundice and liver function tests in clinical settings\
BLOOD
Composition and general functions of blood,
Plasma proteins their production and function.
Erythropoiesis and red blood cell function.
Structure, function, production and different types of haemoglobin,
Iron absorption storage and metabolism.
Blood indices, Function, production and type of white blood cells,
Function and production of platelets.
Clotting mechanism of blood,
Blood groups and their role in blood transfusion,
Complications of blood transfusion with reference to ABO & RH incompatibility.
Components of reticuloendothelial systems, gross and microscopic structure including

tonsil, lymph node and spleen.
Development and function of reticuloendothelial system
Clinical Module
1. Anemia and its different types
2. Blood indices in various disorders
3. Clotting disorders
4. Blood grouping and cross matching
5. Immunity
PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS
Cardiovascular System
1. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (to be coordinated with the department of medicine)
2. Examination of arterial pulse
3. ECG recording and interpretation
4. Arterial blood pressure
5. Effects of exercise and posture on blood pressure
25
6. Apex beat and normal heart sounds

Hematology
1. Use of the microscope
2. Determination of haemoglobin
3. Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. Determining packed cell volume
5. Measuring bleeding and clotting time
6. RBC count
7. Red cell indices
8. WBC count
9. Leukocyte count
10. 10.Prothrombin and thrombin time
Respiratory System
1. Clinical examination of chest
2. Pulmonary volume, their capacities and clinical interpretation
3. Stethography
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Textbook of Physiology by Guyton and Hall, Latest Ed.
Review of Medical Physiology by William F. Ganong, Latest Ed.
Physiology by Berne and Levy, Latest Ed.
Human Physiology: The Basis of Medicine by Gillian Pocock, Christopher D.

Richards
Physiological Basis of Medical Practice by John B. West and Taylor,12th Ed.
26
KINESIOLOGY-I AND BIOMECHANICS

THEORY HOURS
350
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
450
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course covers the definition of kineasiology as well as its importance in physical therapy. It
identifies the scope of kineasiolgy and studies its application. It covers the types of human
motions as well as plane and relative axis of motion. It also explains the inter-relationship among
kinematic variables and utilizes this knowledge to describe and analyze motion.
This course additionally covers the classification of the joints and muscles along their
distinguishing characteristics; group action of muscles arthrokinematics and osteokinematics of
human movement.
The Biomechanics component of this course aims to develop appreciation of how mechanical
principles can be applied to understand the underlying causes of human movement. It also
examines selected anatomical, structural and functional properties of human connective,
muscular, and nervous tissues, as well as skeletal structures. Emphasis is placed on the
mechanical, neuroregulatory, and muscular events that influence normal and pathological
motion.
Kinesiology-1 & Biomechanics
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Kinesiology-1 & Biomechanics shall consist of three hours
duration and of maximum 90 marks each. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks each.
There will be 09 short essay questions in each paper from the subject of Kinesiology-1 &
Biomechanics and there will be no choice. There will be 6 questions from Kinesiology-1 course
outline and 3 questions from Biomechanics course. Each short essay question will carry 05
marks.
There will be 45 MCQs in each paper and each question will carry 01 mark. There will be 25
MCQs from Kinesiology-1 course outline and 20 MCQs from Biomechanics course
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Kinesiology-1 & Biomechanics will consist of maximum 90
marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
27
KINESIOLOGY-I
INTRODUCTION TO KINEASIOLOGY
Definition of kinesiology
Definition of rehabilitation
MECHANICS:
Mechanical Principles and Mechanics of Position
Force - force system Description of units.
Gravity: Center of gravity and line of gravity
Level of gravity
Equilibrium
Fixation and Stabilization
Mechanics of movement
Axes /Plane
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
Momentum
Inertia
Friction
Lever - types - application
Pulley - types - application
Anatomical application of lever system and other pulley system application
Angle of pull
Introduction to Movement
The body levers

28
Forces applied to the body levers
Types of movement and posture
Patterns of movement
Timing in movement
Rhythm of movement
The nervous control of movement
Muscle Strength and Muscle Action
Types of Muscles contraction
Muscles tone
Physiological application to postural tone
Group action of muscles
Overview of muscle structure
Types of muscle work
Range of muscle work
Two joint muscle work
Active and passive insufficiency
Group movement of joints
Muscular weakness and paralysis
Starting Positions
Definition
Fundamental positions
Standing
Kneeling
Sitting
Lying
Hanging
The pelvic tilt
RANGE OF MOTION
Active Movements:
29
Voluntary movements
Definition
Classification
Free Exercises
Classification of free exercises
Techniques of free exercises
Effects and uses
Assisted Exercises
The principles of assistance
Techniques
Effects and uses
Assisted Resisted Exercises

Resisted Exercises
The principles of resistance
Variation of the power of the muscles in different parts of their range
Techniques of resisted exercises
Resistances
Progressive resistance exercise
Progression
Effects and uses of resisted exercises
Involuntary Movement
Reflex movement
The reflex arc
The stretch reflex
The righting reflexes
The postural reflexes
Effects and uses of reflex movement
RANGE OF MOTION
PASSIVE MOVEMENT
Classification
30
Specific definitions
Relaxed passive movements
Principles of giving relaxed passive movements & its Effects and uses
Accessory movements
Principles of giving accessory movements and its Effects and uses
Passive manual mobilization and manipulations
Principles and Effects and uses
Controlled sustained stretching, Principles and Effects and uses
RELAXATION
Definition
Muscle tone
Postural tone
Voluntary movement
Mental attitudes
Degrees of relaxation
Pathological tension in the muscles
Technique
General relaxation
Local relaxation
DERIVED POSITIONS
Purpose of derived positions
Positions derived from standing By: alteration of arms, alteration of the legs, alteration of
trunk & alteration of legs and trunk
Positions derived from kneeling
Positions derived from sitting By: alteration of the legs& by alteration of trunk
Positions derived from lying , By alteration of arms and by alteration of the legs
Positions derived from hanging
Other positions in which some of the weight is taken on the arms
SUSPENSION THERAPY
Suspension application
31
Suspension concept of inclined planes
The fixed point suspension
Supporting rope and its types
Sling and its types
Type of suspension: axial &vertical
Methods, techniques of suspension: upper limb & lower limb
Suspension effect on muscle work and joint mobility
Practical Training/ Lab Work
Evaluation of posture
Practical demonstrations of muscles work and its ranges
Practical demonstrations of various fundamental positions and posture analysis.
MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING
Fundamentals of muscle testing
Methods of muscle recording

o Upper Extremity
o Lower Extremity
Practical demonstrations of the techniques of passive movements
Practical demonstrations of relaxation procedures
Practical demonstrations of various derived positions
Goniometry
Introduction to Goniometry
Basic concepts in Goniometry
Joint motion
Range of motion
Factors affecting ROM
End-feel
Capsular and non capsular pattern of ROM limitation

32
Procedures
Positioning
Stabilization
Measurements Instruments
Alignment
Recording
Procedures
Validity and Reliability
Reliability Studies
Mathematical methods of evaluation measurement reliability
Exercise to evaluate reliability
Measurement of upper extremity
Measurement of lower extremity
Measurement of tempomendibular joint
Measurement of the cervical spine
Measurement of the thoracic spine
Measurement of the lumber joint
Average range of motion
Joint measurement by body position
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS
Practical exercise therapy by Margaret Hollis
Brunnstroms Clinical Kinesiology
Clinical kinesiology and anatomy by Lynn S Lippert
Joint structure and function: a comprehensive analysis by: Pamela. K. Levangie

and Cynthia. C. Norkin.
Muscle function testing by: Cunningham and Daniel.
Human movement explain by kim jonas and karenbaker
The principles of exercise therapy by: M Dena Gardiner, 4th Edition
33
BIOMECHANICS
Basic terminology
Biomechanics
Mechanics
Dynamics
Statics
Kinematics
Kinetics and anthropometries
Scope of scientific inquiry addressed by biomechanics
Difference between quantitative and qualitative approach for analyzing human movements
Biomechanics of human bone growth and development
Kinematic Concepts For Analyzing Human Motion
Common units of measurement for mass, force, weight, pressure, volume, density, specific
weight, torque and impulse
Different types of mechanical loads that act on human body.
Uses of available instrumentation for measuring kinetic quantities
Biomechanics of Tissues and Structures of the Musculoskeletal System
Biomechanics of Bone
Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage
Biomechanics of Tendons and Ligaments
Biomechanics of Peripheral Nerves and Spinal Nerve Roots
Biomechanics of Skeletal Muscles
Biomechanics of the Human Upper Extremity
Biomechanics of the Shoulder
Biomechanics of the Elbow
Biomechanics of the Wrist and Hand
Factors that influence relative mobility and stability of upper extremity articulation
Muscles that are active during specific upper extremity movements
Biomechanical contributions to common injuries of the upper extremity
34
Biomechanics of Human Lower Extremity
Biomechanics of the Hip
Biomechanics of the Knee
Biomechanics of the ankle and foot
Factors influencing relative mobility and stability of lower extremity articulations
Adaptation of lower extremity to its weight bearing functions
Muscles that are active in specific lower extremity movements
Biomechanical contribution to common injuries of the lower extremity

Basic biomechanics of musculoskeletal system By: Nordin & Frankel, 3rd edition.
Basic Biomechanics, By: Susan J. Hall 4th edition.
35
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
THEORY HOURS
50
TOTAL HOURS
50
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This is an introductory course on Information and Communication Technologies. Topics include
ICT terminologies, hardware and software components, the internet and world wide web, and
ICT based applications.

: Basic Definitions & Concepts
: Hardware: Computer Systems & Components
: Storage Devices , Number Systems
: Software: Operating Systems, Programming and Application Software
: Introduction to Programming, Databases and Information Systems
: Networks
: Data Communication
: The Internet, Browsers and Search Engines
: The Internet: Email, Collaborative Computing and Social Networking
: The Internet: E-Commerce
: IT Security and other issues
: Project Week
: Review Week
Text Books/Reference Books:
Introduction to Computers by Peter Norton, 6th International Edition (McGraw HILL)
Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computer &

Communications by Williams Sawyer, 6th Edition (McGraw HILL)
Computers, Communications & information: A user's introduction by Sarah E.

Hutchinson, Stacey C. Swayer
Fundamentals of Information Technology by Alexis Leon, Mathewsleon Leon press

36
ISLAMIC STUDIES/ETHICS AND PAKISTAN STUDIES

THEORY HOURS
150
TOTAL HOURS
150
ISLAMIC STUDIES/ETHICS
Objectives:
This course is aimed at:
1
To provide Basic information about Islamic Studies
To enhance understanding of the students regarding Islamic Civilization
To improve Students skill to perform prayers and other worships
To enhance the skill of the students for understanding of issues related to faith and
religious life.
Islamic Studies / Ethics & Pakistan Studies =100 marks

The examination shall consist of one Theory Paper of 60+40=100 marks and 3
hours duration.
Section-I : Islamic Studies/Ethics =60 marks.
This section shall have question on Islamic Studies in case of Muslim candidates and on
Ethics in case of non-Muslims. There shall be 3 questions in this section of Theory and
there will be no choice.
Each question shall carry 20 marks.
Section-II : Pakistan Studies = 40 marks

This section shall have 2 questions on Pakistan Studies and there will be no choice. Each
question shall carry 20 marks.
37
ISLAMIC STUDIES
Introduction to Quranic Studies
1) Basic Concepts of Quran
2) History of Quran
3) Uloom-ul -Quran
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran
1) Verses of Surah Al-Baqra Related to Faith(Verse No-284-286)
2) Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi (Verse No-1-18)
3) Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful (Verse No-1-11)
4) Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No.63-77)
5) Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam(Verse No-152-154)
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran
1) Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No.6,21,40,56,57,58.)
2) Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of Judgment
3) Verses of Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar,Tadabar (Verse No-1,14)
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) I
1) Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah ( Before Prophet Hood)
2) Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Makkah
3) Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Makkah
Seerat of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) II
1) Life of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in Madina
2) Important Events of Life Holy Prophet in Madina
3) Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Madina
Introduction To Sunnah
1) Basic Concepts of Hadith
2) History of Hadith
3) Kinds of Hadith
4) Uloom ul-Hadith
5) Sunnah & Hadith
6) Legal Position of Sunnah
38
Selected Study from Text of Hadith

Introduction To Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
2) History & Importance of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
3) Sources of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence
4) Nature of Differences in Islamic Law
5) Islam and Sectarianism
Islamic Culture & Civilization
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization
2) Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization
3) Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization
4) Islamic Culture & Civilization and Contemporary Issues
Islam & Science
1) Basic Concepts of Islam & Science
2) Contributions of Muslims in the Development of Science
3) Quranic & Science
Islamic Economic System
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Economic System
2) Means of Distribution of wealth in Islamic Economics
3) Islamic Concept of Riba
4) Islamic Ways of Trade & Commerce
Political System of Islam
1) Basic Concepts of Islamic Political System
2) Islamic Concept of Sovereignty
3) Basic Institutions of Govt. in Islam
Islamic History
1) Period of Khlaft-E-Rashida
2) Period of Ummayyads
3) Period of Abbasids
Social System of Islam
1) Basic Concepts of Social System of Islam
39
2) Elements of Family
3) Ethical Values of Islam
RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOK BOOKS:
Hameed ullah Muhammad, Emergence of Islam , IRI, Islamabad
Hameed ullah Muhammad, Muslim Conduct of State
Hameed ullah Muhammad, Introduction to Islam
Mulana Muhammad Yousaf Islahi,
Hussain Hamid Hassan, An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law leaf Publication
Islamabad, Pakistan.
Ahmad Hasan, Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence Islamic Research Institute,

International Islamic University, Islamabad (1993)
Mir Waliullah, Muslim Jrisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes Islamic Book
Service (1982)
H.S. Bhatia, Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society Deep & Deep Publications
New Delhi (1989)
Dr. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia Allama Iqbal Open

University, Islamabad (2001)
PAKISTAN STUDIES:
Objectives
Develop vision of historical perspective, government, politics, contemporary Pakistan,

ideological background of Pakistan.
Study the process of governance, national development, issues arising in the modern age
and posing challenges to Pakistan.

1. Historical Perspective
40
a. Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama
Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
b. Factors leading to Muslim separatism
c. People and Land
i.
Indus Civilization
ii. Muslim advent

iii. Location and geo-physical features.
2. Government and Politics in Pakistan
Political and constitutional phases:
a. 1947-58
b. 1958-71
c. 1971-77
d. 1977-88
e. 1988-99
f. 1999 onward
3. Contemporary Pakistan
a. Economic institutions and issues
b. Society and social structure
c. Ethnicity
d. Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges
e. Futuristic outlook of Pakistan
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
Burki, Shahid Javed. State & Society in Pakistan, The Macmillan Press Ltd 1980.
Akbar, S. Zaidi. Issue in Pakistans Economy. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000.
S.M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring. Pakistans Foreign policy: An Historical analysis.
Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore, 1994.
Wilcox, Wayne.The Emergence of Banglades., Washington: American Enterprise,

Institute of Public Policy Research, 1972.
41
Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Kayyun Toota, Lahore: Idara-e-Saqafat-e-Islamia, Club

Road, nd.
Amin, Tahir. Ethno - National Movement in Pakistan, Islamabad: Institute of Policy

Studies, Islamabad.
Ziring, Lawrence. Enigma of Political Development. Kent England: WmDawson & sons
Ltd, 1980.
Zahid, Ansar. History & Culture of Sindh. Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1980.
Afzal, M. Rafique. Political Parties in Pakistan, Vol. I, II & III. Islamabad: National
Institute of Historical and cultural Research, 1998.
Sayeed, Khalid Bin. The Political System of Pakistan. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967.
Aziz, K.K. Party, Politics in Pakistan, Islamabad: National Commission on Historical

and Cultural Research, 1976.
Muhammad Waseem, Pakistan Under Martial Law, Lahore: Vanguard, 1987.
Haq, Noor ul. Making of Pakistan: The Military Perspective. Islamabad: National
Commission on Historical and Cultural Research, 1993.
42
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES:
THEORY HOURS
50
TOTAL HOURS
50
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course is designed to increase awareness of psychosocial issues faced by individuals and
their significant reference groups at various points on the continuum of health and disability,
including factors that influence values about health promotion, wellness, illness and disability.
Personal and professional attitudes and values are discussed as they relate to developing
therapeutic relationships. Communication skills are emphasized for effective interaction with
clients, health-care professionals and others
In First year the student will cover only some part of course, examination will be conducted at
the end of third professional year.
Course Outline: Behavioural Sciences and their importance in health
Bio-Psycho-Social Model of Healthcare
Desirable attitudes
Correlation of brain, mind and Behavioural Sciences
Roles of a doctor
Understanding Behaviour
Sensation, sense organs / special organs
Perception and factors affecting it
Attention and concentration
Memory and its stages, types and methods to improve it
Types and theories of thinking
Cognition and levels of cognition
Problem solving and decision making strategies
Communication Its types, modes and factors affecting it Non-verbal cues
Characteristics of a good communicator
Personality and Intelligence
Stages and characteristics of psychological growth and development
43
Personality and development theories of personality Factors affecting personality

development
Assessment of personality Influence of personality in determining reactions during health,

disease, hospitalization, stress, etc
Intelligence and its types Relevance of IQ and EQ Methods of enhancing EQ and effectively
using IQ Factors affecting intelligence and their assessment
A Handbook of Behavioural Sciences for Medical and Dental Students By: Mowadat H Rana,
Sohail Ali and Mansoor Mustafa, , University of Health Sciences Lahore
Medicine in Society ; Behavioural Sciences for Medical Students, By: Christopher Dowrick,
, Arnold Publisher
Behavioural Sciences in Clinical Medicine By: Wolf & Stewert
Developmental Psychology for Healthcare Professions By: Katherine A Billingham
44
SECOND PROFESSIONAL YEAR

1. ANATOMY II
2. PHYSIOLOGY-II
3. KINESIOLOGY-II & ERGONOMICS
4. BIOCHEMISTRY & GENETICS
5. MEDICAL PHYSICS
6. HEALTH & WELLNESS
7. BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
Total Marks: 900
45
ANATOMY II
THEORY HOURS
350
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
450
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The focus of this course is an in-depth study and analysis of the regional and systemic
organization of the body. Emphasis is placed upon structure and function of human movement.
A comprehensive study of human anatomy with emphasis on the nervous, skeletal, muscle, and
circulatory systems is incorporated. Introduction to general anatomy lays the foundation of the
course. Dissection and identification of structures in the cadaver supplemented with the study of
charts, models, prosected materials and radiographs are utilized to identify anatomical landmarks
and configurations of embryology, head and neck, neuroanatomy and abdomen and pelvis.
Anatomy-II
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Anatomy-II shall consist of three hours duration and of
There will be 09 short essay questions in each paper from the subject of Anatomy-II and there
There will be 45 MCQs in paper and each question will carry 01 mark.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Anatomy-II will consist of maximum 90 marks. Internal

NERVOUS SYSTEM
Definition
Outline of cellular architecture
46
Classification of nervous system

Parts of the central nervous system
Microscopic picture of cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord
Functional components of a nerve
Typical spinal nerve
Microscopic picture of nerve
Introduction of autonomic nervous system
Anatomy of neuromuscular junction
THORAX
STRUCTURES OF THE THORACIC WALL:
Dorsal spine (Vertebrae)
Sternum
Costal Cartilages & Ribs
Intercostal Muscles
Intercostal Nerves
Diaphragm
Blood supply of thoracic wall
Lymphatic drainage of thoracic wall
Joints of thorax
THORACIC CAVITY:
Mediastinum
Pleura
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchopulmonary segments
Pericardium
Heart Its blood supply, venous drainage & nerve supply
Large veins of thorax, superior and in-ferior vena cava., pulmonary veins
brachiocephalic veins.
47
Large Arteries Aorta & its branches
EMBRYOLOGY:
GENERAL
Male and female reproductive organs.
Cell division and Gametogenesis.
Fertilization, cleavage, blastocyst formation and implantation of the embryo. Stages of
early embryonic development in second and third week of intrauterine life
Foetal membrane (amniotic cavity, yolk sac, allantois, umbilical cord and Placenta).
Developmental defects
SPECIAL:
Musculoskeletal system
Cardiovascular system
CNS
THE HEAD AND NECK

The Neck:
Muscles around the neck
Triangles of the neck
Main arteries of the neck
Main veins of the neck
Cervical part of sympathetic trunk
Cervical plexus
Cervical spine (Vertebrae)
Joint of neck
The face:
Sensory nerves of the face
Bones of the face
Muscles of the face
Facial nerve
48
Muscles of mastication
Mandible
Hyoid bone
Temporomandibular joint
Brief description of orbit and nasal cavity
The Skull:
Bones of skull
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
Base of skull
Structures passing through foramina
Neuro Anatomy:
Central Nervous System: Disposition, Parts and Functions
Brain stem (Pons, Medulla, and Mid Brain)
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Internal Capsule
Blood Supply of Brain
Stroke and its types
Ventricles of Brain
CSF circulation and Hydrocephalus
Meninges of Brain
Neural pathways (Neural Tracts)
Pyramidal and Extra pyramidal System (Ascending and Descending tracts)
Functional significance of Spinal cord level
49
Cranial Nerves with special emphasis upon IV, V, VII, XI, XII (their course, distribution, and
palsies).
Autonomic nervous system, its components
Nerve receptors
SPINAL CORD
Gross appearance
Structure of spinal cord
Grey and white matter (brief description)
Meninges of spinal cord
Blood supply of spinal cord
Autonomic Nervous system
ABDOMEN & PELVIS:

Abdominal Wall:
Structures of anterior abdominal wall: superficial and deep muscles
Structure of rectus sheath
Structures of Posterior abdominal wall
Lumbar spine (vertebrae)
Brief description of viscera
Pelvis
Brief description of anterior, posterior and lateral walls of the pelvis
Inferior pelvic wall or pelvic floor muscles
Sacrum
Brief description of perineum
Nerves of perineum
50
Practical
During study of Gross Anatomy, emphasis should be given on applied aspect, radiological
anatomy, surface anatomy and cross-sectional anatomy of the region covered in the
respective semester /year
Grays Anatomy by Prof. Susan Standring 39th Ed., Elsevier.
Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students by Richard S.Snell.
Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Keith Moore.
Clinical Anatomy by R.J. Last, Latest Ed.
Cunninghams Manual of Practical Anatomy by G.J. Romanes, 15th Ed., Vol-I, II and
III.
The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology by Keith L. Moore, 6th Ed.
Wheaters Functional Histology by Young and Heath, Latest Ed.
Medical Histology by Prof. Laiq Hussain.
Neuroanatomy by Richard S.Snell
51
PHYSIOLOGY
II
THEORY HOURS
200
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
300
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The course is designed to study the function of the human body at the molecular, cellular,
tissue and systems levels, The major underlying themes are: the mechanisms for promoting
homeostasis; cellular processes of metabolism, membrane function and cellular signaling; the
mechanisms that match supply of nutrients to tissue demands at different activity levels; the
mechanisms that match the rate of excretion of waste products to their rate of production; the
mechanisms that defend the body against injury and promote healing.
These topics are addressed by a consideration of nervous and endocrine regulation of the
cardiovascular, hematopoietic, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems,
including the control of cellular metabolism. The integrative nature of physiological responses in
normal function and disease is stressed throughout
This course provides the foundation for the further course as exercise physiology, pathology, etc
This course additionally aims to develop a critical appreciation of exercise and applied
physiology, enabling design of specialist injury prevention, rehabilitation and performance
enhancement programmes and strategies
Physiology-II
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Physiology-II shall consist of three hours duration and of
There will be 09 short essay questions in each paper from the subject of Physiology-II and there
52
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Physiology-II will consist of maximum 90 marks. Internal

NERVOUS SYSTEM
General organization of the nervous system.,
Classification of nerve fibers.,
Properties of synaptic transmission,
Function of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.
Type and function of sensory receptors.,
Function of the spinal cord and ascending tracts.,
Reflex action and reflexes.
Muscle spindle and muscle tone.
Mechanism of touch,
temperature and pain.,
Functions of the cerebral cortex.
Difference between the sensory and motor cortex and their functions,
Motor pathways including pyramidal and extrapyramidal,
Basal Ganglia and its functions.
Cerebellum and its function.,
Control of posture and equilibrium.
Physiology of sleep.
Physiology of memory,
Mechanism and control of speech.
Function of the thalamus,
Function of the hypothalamus and limbic system.
Production of CSF,
Mechanism of temperature regulation,
Function of the autonomic nervous system and the physiological changes of aging.
53
Clinical Module
1. Significance of dermatomes.
2. Injuries of the spinal cord.
3. Hemiplegia and paraplegia.
4. Parkinsonism.
5. Effects of cerebellar dysfunction.
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Classification of endocrine glands,
Mechanism of action,
feedback and control of hormonal secretion.
Functions of the hypothalamus,
Hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary and their mechanism of action
and function.. Function of the thyroid gland.,
Function of the parathyroid gland.,
Calcium metabolism and its regulation.
Secretion and function of calcitonin,
Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex and medulla, and their function and mechanism
of action.
Endocrine functions of the pancreas, Control of blood sugar. Hormones secreted by the
gastrointestinal system and their function.
Function of the thymus,
The endocrine functions of the kidney and Physiology of growth.
Clinical Module
1. Acromegaly, gigantism and dwarfism.
2. Effects of panhypopitutiarism.
3. Diabetes insipidus.
4. Thyrotoxicosis and myxoedema.
5. Pheochromocytoma.
6. Cushings disease.
7. Adrenogenital syndrome.
8. Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemila.
54
REPRODUCTION
Function of the male reproductive system, Spermatogenesis.,
Mechanism of erection and ejaculation.,
Production and function of testosterone and Physiological changes during male puberty.
Function of the female reproductive system.,
Production and function of oestrogen, and progesterone,
Menstrual cycle,
Physiological changes during female puberty and menopause,
Pregnancy and the physiological changes taking place in the mother.
Function of the placenta,
Parturition and lactation.
Neonatal physiology.
Clinical Module
1. Male infertility.
2. Female infertility.
3. Contraception.
4. Basis for pregnancy tests.
BODY FLUIDS AND KIDNEY
Components and quantitative measurements of body fluids.
Fluid compartments, tissue and lymph fluid.
Structure of the kidney and nephron.
General function of the kidney,
GFR and its regulation.,
Formation of urine including filtration, re-absorption and secretion.
Plasma clearance., Mechanism of concentration and dilution of urine.
Water and electrolyte balance with reference to the kidney,
Role of the kidney in blood pressure regulation.,
Hormonal functions of the kidney.
Acidification of urine and its importance,
55
Acid base balance with reference to the kidney.,
Micturition and its control.
Clinical Module
1. Renal function tests and their clinical importance.
2. Fluid excess and depletion.
3. Renal failure and dialysis.
4. Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.
5. Abnormalities of micturition.
PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICALS
Nervous System
1. Examination of superficial and deep reflexes.
2. Brief examination of the motor and sensory system.
3. Examination of the cranial nerves.
Special Senses
1. Measurement of the field of vision.
2. Measurement of light reflex.
3. Ophthalmoscopy.
4. Colour vision.
5. Hearing tests.
6. Testing taste and smell.
Pregnancy tests
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY:
PHYSIOLOGY OF EXERCISE:
Control of internal environment
Homeostasis
Control systems of the body
Nature of the control system

56
Examples of homeostatic control
Exercise : A test of homeostatic control
Hormonal responses to exercise (brief revision)
Neuroendocrinology
Hormones: Regulation and action
Hormonal control of substrate mobilization during exercise
Measurement of work, power & energy expenditure
Units of measure
Work and power defined
Measurement of work and power
Measurement of energy expenditure
Estimation of energy expenditure
Calculation of exercise efficiency
Circulatory responses to exercise (brief revision):
Organization of the circulatory system
Heart: myocardium and cardiac cycle
Cardiac output
Hemodynamics
Changes in oxygen delivery to muscle during exercise
Circulatory responses to exercise
Regulation of cardiovascular adjustments to exercise
Respiration during exercise (brief revision)
Function of the lung
Structure of respiratory system
Mechanics of breathing
Pulmonary ventilation
Pulmonary volumes and capacities
Diffusion of gases
Blood flow to the lungs
Ventilation-perfusion relationships
57
O2 and CO2 transport in blood
Ventilation and acid base balance
Ventilatory and blood-gas responses to exercise
Control of ventilation
Temperature regulation
Overview of heat balance during exercise
Overview of heat production/heat loss
Bodys thermostat-hypothalamus
Thermal events during exercise
Exercise in the heat
Exercise in cold environment
The Physiology of Training: Effect on Vo2 Max, Performance, Homeostasis and Strength
Principles of training
Research designs to study training
Endurance training and VO2 max
VO2 max: cardiac output and arterio-venous oxygen difference
Detraining and VO2 max
Endurance training: effects on performance and homeostasis
Endurance training: links between muscle and system physiology
Physiological effects of strength training
Physiological mechanisms causing increased strength
PHYSIOLOGY OF HEALTH AND FITNESS

Work tests to evaluate cardio respiratory fitness
Cardio respiratory fitness
Testing procedures
FIELD Tests for estimating CRF
Graded exercise tests: measurements
VO2 max
58
Graded exercise tests : protocols
Exercise prescription for health and fitness
Prescription of exercise
General guidelines for improving
Exercise prescription for CRF
Sequence of physical activity
Strength and flexibility training
Exercise for special populations
Diabetes
Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Hypertension
Cardiac rehabilitation
Exercise for older adults
Exercise during pregnancy
PHYSIOLOGY OF PERFORMANCE
Factors affecting performance:
Sites of fatigue
Factors limiting All-out anaerobic performances
Factors limiting All-out aerobic performances
Laboratory assessment of human performance:
Laboratory assessment of physical performance
Direct testing of maximal aerobic power
Laboratory tests to predict endurance performance
Determination of anaerobic power
Evaluation of muscular strength
Training of performance
Training principles
Components of a training session: warm-up, workout and cool down
59
Training to improve aerobic power
Injuries and endurance training
Training for improved anaerobic power
Training to improve muscular strength
Training for improved flexibility
Year-round conditioning for athletes
Common training mistakes
Training for the female athlete, children and special population
Factors important to women involved in vigorous training
Sports conditioning for children
Competitive training for diabetics
Training for asthmatics
Epilepsy and physical training
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Textbook of Physiology by Guyton and Hall, Latest Ed.
Review of Medical Physiology by William F. Ganong, Latest Ed.
Physiology by Berne and Levy, Latest Ed.
Human Physiology: The Basis of Medicine by Gillian Pocock, Christopher D. Richards
Physiological Basis of Medical Practice by John B. West and Taylor,12th Ed.
Exercise Physiology- Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance by: Scott K.
Powers, Edward T. Howley.
Exercise physiology, A thematic Approach By: Tudor Hale, University College

Chichester, UK
Additional study material as assigned by the tutor
60
KINEASIOLOGY-II AND ERGONOMICS

THEORY HOURS
200
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
300
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course covers the definition of kinesiology as well as its importance in physical therapy. It
identifies the scope of kinesiology and studies its application. It covers the types of human
motions as well as plane and relative axis of motion. It also explains the inter-relationship among
kinematic variables and utilizes this knowledge to describe and analyze motion.
This course additionally covers the classification of the joints and muscles along their
distinguishing characteristics; group action of muscles arthrokinematics and osteokinematics of
human movement.
The Ergonomics component of this course will also help to gain an understanding of basic
theoretical concepts, principles and techniques of ergonomics as well as an introduction to
fundamental ergonomic measurement tools for assessment of physical workload, posture,
occupational exposure, and stress.
Kinesiology-II & Ergonomics
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Kinesiology-II & Ergonomics shall consist of three hours
duration and of maximum 90 marks each. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks each.
There will be 09 short essay questions in each paper from the subject of Kinesiology-II &
Ergonomics and there will be no choice. There will be 6 questions from Kinesiology-II course
outline and 3 questions from Ergonomics course. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
There will be 45 MCQs in paper and each question will carry 01 mark. There will be 25 MCQs
from Kinesiology-II course outline and 20 MCQs from Ergonomics course outline.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Kinesiology-II & Ergonomics will consist of maximum 90
61
KINEASIOLOGY-II
Joint Mobility
Causes of limitation of joint
Prevention of joint stiffness
Mobilizing methods
Techniques of Mobilizing Joints

Joints of the Lower Limb
Joints of the Vertebral Column
Joints of the Upper Limb
Muscle Strength
Structure & feature
Types of Muscle work
Range of Muscle work
Group Action of Muscle work
Causes of Muscle weakness
Prevention of Muscle wasting
Early reeducation
Strengthening Methods
Techniques of Strengthening Muscles
Muscles of Lower Limb
Muscles of Spine
Muscles of Upper Limb
62
Posture
Inactive postures
Active postures
The postural mechanism
The pattern of posture
Principles of Re- Education
Techniques of Re-Education
Prevention of muscles wasting
The initiation of muscular contraction
Strengthening methods
Abnormal postures
NEUROMUSCULAR CO-ORDINATION
Coordinated movement
Nervous control
Inco-ordination
Re-Education
Frenkels exercises
INTRODUCTION TO PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION
Basic Patterns
Basic techniques
WALKING AIDS
Crutches
Sticks
Tripod or Quadra pod
Frames
63
MANUAL MUSCLE TESTING
Fundamentals of muscle testing
Methods of muscle recording

o Spine
o Abdomen
o Temporomandibular Joint
Basic muscle grading system
Practical demonstrations of the techniques of active, movements
Practical demonstrations gait analysis
Practical exercise therapy by Margaret Hollis
Brunnstroms Clinical Kinesiology
Clinical kinesiology and anatomy by Lynn S Lippert
Joint structure and function: a comprehensive analysis by: Pamela. K. Levangie

and Cynthia. C. Norkin.
Muscle function testing by: Cunningham and Daniel.
Human movement explain by kim jonas and karenbaker
The principles of exercise therapy by: M Dena Gardiner, 4th Edition
64
ERGONOMICS
OVERVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.
Ergonomics and Therapy: An Introduction.
A Client-Centered Framework for Therapists in Ergonomics.
Macroergonomics.
KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS, AND TECHNIQUES.
Ergonomic Assessments/Work Assessments.
Anthropometry
Cognitive and Behavioral Occupational Demands of Work.
Psychosocial Factors in Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders.
Physical Environment.
Human Factors in Medical Rehabilitation Equipment: Product Development and

Usability Testing.
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS.
Lifting Analysis.
Seating.
Computers and Assistive Technology.
APPLICATION PROCESS.
Ergonomics of Children and Youth.
Ergonomics of Aging.
Ergonomics in Injury Prevention and Disability Management.
Ergonomics of Play and Leisure.
Biomechanics of Human Spine
Biomechanics of the Lumbar Spine
Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine
Factors influencing relative mobility and stability of different regions of Spine

65
Biomechanical adaptations of spine during different functions
Relationship between muscle location and nature and effectiveness of muscle action in the
trunk
Biomechanical contribution to common injuries of the spine
Applied Biomechanics
Introduction to the Biomechanics of Fracture Fixation
Biomechanics of Arthroplasty
Engineering Approaches to Standing, Sitting, and Lying
Biomechanics of Gait
Angular Kinetics Of Human Movement
Angular analogues of mass, force, momentum and impulse
Angular analogues of Newton's laws of motion
Centripetal and Centrifugal forces
Angular acceleration
Angular Kinematics Of Human Movement
Measuring body angles
Angular kinematics Relationships
Relationship between Linear and Angular motion
Human Movement In Fluid Medium
The nature of fluids
Buoyancy and floatation of human body
Drag and components of drag
Lift Force
Propulsion in a fluid medium
Practical Training / Lab Work
Biomechanical assessment of Upper extremity
Biomechanical assessment of Lower Extremity
Biomechanical assessment of Gait
Reflective case assignment related to biomechanics of various regions of the body
66
Measurement of angles of joints
Biomechanical study of deformities
Recommended text books

Basic biomechanics of musculoskeletal system By: Nordin & Frankel, 3rd edition.
Basic Biomechanics, By: Susan J. Hall 4th edition.
Additional study material as assigned by the tutor.
Ergonomics for the therapist by Karen Jacobs 3rd edition mosby and Elsevier
publishers
67
BIOCHEMISTRY & GENETICS

`
THEORY HOURS
200
TOTAL HOURS
200
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course provides the knowledge and skills in fundamental organic chemistry and
introductory biochemistry that are essential for further studies It covers basic biochemical,
cellular, biological and microbiological processes, basic chemical reactions in the prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells, the structure of biological molecules, introduction to the nutrients i.e.
carbohydrates, fats, enzymes, nucleic acids and amino acids. The nutritional biochemistry
concludes the course.
Biochemistry & Genetics-
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Biochemistry & Genetics shall consist of three hours duration
and of maximum 90 marks each. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks each.
There will be 09 short essay questions in each paper from the subject of Biochemistry &
Genetics and there will be no choice. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Biochemistry & Genetics will consist of maximum 90 marks.
Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.

Cell
Introduction to Biochemistry
Cell: (Biochemical Aspects)
Cell Membrane Structure
Membrane Proteins
Receptors & Signal Molecules

68
Body Fluids
Structure and properties of Water
Weak Acids & Bases
Concept of pH & pK
Buffers, their mechanism of action
Body buffers
Biomolecules
Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins
Amino acids: Classification
Acid-Base Properties
Functions & Significance.
Protein Structure, Primary, Secondary & Super secondary. &, Structural Motifs
Tertiary & Quaternary Structures of Proteins
Protein Domains
Classification of Proteins
Fibrous proteins (collagens and elastins ) & Globular proteins
Enzymes
Introduction
Classification & Properties of Enzymes
Coenzymes
Isozymes & Proenzymes
Regulation & Inhibition of Enzyme activity & enzymes inhibitors
Clinical Diagnostic Enzymology
Carbohydrates
Definition
Classification
Biochemical Functions & Significance of Carbohydrates
Structure & Properties of Monosaccharides & Oligosaccharides
Structure & Properties of Polysaccharides
Bacterial cell Wall

69
Heteropolysaccharides
GAGS
Lipids
Classification of Lipids
Fatty Acids: Chemistry
Classification occurrence & Functions
Structure & Properties of Triacylglycerols and Complex Lipids
Classification & Functions of Eicosanoids
Cholesterol: Chemistry, Functions & Clinical Significance
Bile acids/salts
Nucleic Acids
Structure, Functions & Biochemical Role of Nucleotides
Structure & Functions of DNA
Structure & Functions of RNA
Nutritional Biochemistry
Minerals & Trace Elements
Sources
RDA
Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Calcium & Phosphorus
Sources
RDA
Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Sodium Potassium& Chloride
Metabolism of Iron, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Se, I,F
Vitamins
Sources
RDA
Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Fat Soluble Vitamins
Sources
RDA
70
Biochemical Functions & Clinical Significance of Water Soluble
Vitamins
Nutrition
Dietary Importance of Carbohydrates, Lipids & Proteins
Balanced Diet
Molecular Biology
DNA Replication & Repair in Prokaryotes
DNA Replication & Repair in Eukaryotes
Tissue Biochemistry
Extracellular Matrix
Collagen
Elastin and Extracellular Matrix Components
Biochemistry of Proteoglycans
Bone & Teeth
Muscle & Cytoskeleton
Metabolism
Bioenergetics
Introduction to Bioenergetics,
Biological Oxidations
Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Metabolism of Carbohydrates
Digestion & Absorption of Carbohydrates
Glycolysis & its Regulation
Citric Acid Cycle
Metabolism of Glycogen
Gluconeogenesis and regulation of blood glucose
Pentose Phosphate Pathway & its Significance
Metabolism of Lipids
Digestion & Absorption of Lipids
Metabolism & Clinical Significance of Lipoproteins
71
Fatty acid oxidation biosynthesis and metabolism of Triacylglycerols
Metabolism & clinical Significance of Cholesterol
Metabolism of Eicosanoids
Metabolism of Proteins & Amino Acids
Digestion of Proteins & Absorption of Amino Acids

Transamination & Deamination of Amino Acids and urea cycle
Specialized products formed from Amino Acids
Molecular Biology
Transcription in Prokaryotes
Transcription in Eukaryotes
Translation: (Genetic Code) Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes
Translation: (Genetic Code) Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes
Translation Inhibition by Antibiotics
Regulation of Gene Expression
Recombinant DNA Technology & Polymerase Chain Reaction

Hormones
Classification & Mechanism of Action of Hormones
Signal Transduction, Second Messengers and Receptors
Steroid Hormones: Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids
Insulin & Glucagon
Harpers Biochemistry by Robbert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A.

Mayes, Victor W. Rodwell, Latest Ed.
Lippincotts Illustrated Review of Biochemistry by Pamela C. Champe and

Richard A. Harvey, Latest Ed.
Practical Clinical Biochemistry by Varley.
Textbook of Biochemistry by Devlin, 5th Ed.
Textbook of Medical Biochemistry Vol-I and II by M.A. Hashmi.
Biochemistry by Stryer, Lubert, Latest Ed.

72
MEDICAL PHYSICS
THEORY HOURS
200
TOTAL HOURS
200
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course will cover the basic principal of Physics which are applicable in medical equipment
used in Physical therapy. Also help to understand the fundamentals of currents, sound waves,
Heat & its effects, electromedical radiations and their effects as well as their application in
physical therapy.
Medical Physics
Total Marks : 100
The examination in the subject shall consist of one Theory paper of three hours duration and of
maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Medical Physics and there will be no
choice. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
There will be 45 MCQs and each question will carry 01 mark.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM:
Structure of an atom
Electron Theory, Conductors & Insulations
Conduction & Convection
Displacement Current
STATIC ELECTRICITY
Charging by conduction and Induction
Electrostatic Fields
Capacitors, types of capacitors, Construction, Units
Arrangement of Capacitors in series and parallel
Charging and discharging of capacitors

73
Oscillating Discharge of Capacitors
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ohms Law
Electrical Components and their unit
Resistance
Types of Resistance, Units
Chemical effects of a Current
Types of Current
Cell and Batteries
Simple Voltage Cell
Wet and dry Lachlanhe Cell
Combination of Cells in series and parallel
Thermal effects of current
Electrolysis and Electrolytic burns
Ionization of gases and Thermionic emission
Electronic tubes
Diodes and Triodes
ELECTROMAGNETISM:
Molecular theory of magnetism
Magnetic effect of an electric current
Moving coil volt meter and Ammeter
Moving iron type, hot wire type and Thermocouple type meter
Measurement of high frequency and alternate current with meters
Electromagnetic induction
Faradays law and Lenses law
Mutual and self Induction
Eddy currents
Transformer
Construction and types
Static and auto Transformer

74
Dynamo, construction
A.C & D.C Dynamo
ELECTRO MECHANICS:
Current for treatment
Rectification
Rectification of A.C
Half wave and full wave Rectification
Valve rectification circuits and metal rectifier
Surging of current
Lewis surger and valve surger
Reverser
Metronome interrupter and Reverse Jones motor interrupter
Vibrations and Multivibrators circuit
CLASSIFICATION OF CURRENTS (OVERVIEW)

LOW FREQUENCY CURRENT
Sinusoidal current
Faradic current
Galvanic current (constant and interrupted)
Diadynamic current TENS
Smart Bristow faradic coil
Super imposed current and their graphical representation
MEDIUM FREQUENCY CURRENT
Interferential current
Russian current
HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT (Produced by)
Spark
Valves
Transistors
Long waves, medium waves short waves micro waves
75
SOUND WAVES
Wave motion in sound
Infrasonic
Normal hearing band
Characteristics of the sound waves and their velocities
Ultrasonic
Reflection and refraction of sound waves
Characteristics of tone resonance and beats
Interference of sound waves
HEAT
Scales of temp and its conversion to other scales
Nature of heat energy
Specific heat and three modes of heat energy transfer effect of impurities on melting and
boiling points
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Electromagnetic spectrum
Relationship between frequency and wave length
Laws of reflection, refraction and absorptions
Total internal reflection
Cosine law and inverse square law
Concave and convex mirrors
Lenses and prisms
Reflectors
Radio wave (long, medium, short, micro waves)
Infra red rays
Visible rays
Ultra violet rays
X-rays
Nuclear waves (alpha beta and gamma)
76
SAFETY IN BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTS
Electrical outlets, hot, neutral and ground connections
House wiring
Pervasiveness of electricity and of electric shocks
Causes of electric shocks and precaution
Effect of electric current on human body
Techniques to reduce the effect of electric shock
Earth shocks and precaution against earth shocks
RADIATION PROTECTION
Ionizing and non ionizing radiations
Quantities and associated units of radiations
Effect of ionizing and non ionizing radiations
Internal and external hazards
Main principle to control external hazard
Distance and shielding
PRACTICAL
To verify the ohms Law
To find the specific resistance by using the potential divider
To verify the joules law of electrical methods
To calibrate a thermo couple and an unknown temperature
To find the acceleration due to gravity by simple pendulum
To verify the law of reflection of light
To verify the law of refraction of light
To verify the refraction index of glass using rectangular slab.
77
Recommended Text Books
Claytons Electrotherapy and actinotherapy by: PM Scott
Medical physics for physical therapists by: AD Moore
Preliminary Electricity for Physiothrapists by B. Savage.
Basic Electronics by Grob.
Principles of Bio-instrumention by Richard A. Normann.
Hand book of Biomedical Instrumentation by R.S. Khanpur.
Basic Radiation Protection Technology by Gollnick
78
HEALTH AND WELNESS

THEORY HOURS
50
TOTAL HOURS
50
HEALTH & WELLNESS:

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course includes discussion on the theories of health and wellness, including motivational
theory, locus of control, public health initiative, and psycho-Social, spiritual and cultural
consideration. Health risks, screening, and assessment considering epidemiological principles are
emphasized. Risk reduction strategies for primary and secondary prevention, including programs
for special populations are covered.
Prevention Practice: A Holistic Perspective for Physical Therapy:
Defining Health
Predictions of Health Care
Comparing Holistic Medicine and Conventional Medicine
Distinguishing Three Types of Prevention Practice.
Healthy People:
Definition of healthy people
Health education Resources
Physical Therapist role for a healthy community.
Key Concepts of Fitness:
Defining & Measuring Fitness
Assessment of Stress with a Survey
Visualizing Fitness
79
Screening for Mental and Physical Fitness
Body Mass Index calculations
Fitness Training:
Physical Activities Readiness Questionnaire
Physical Activities Pyramid
Exercise Programs
Evidence-Based Practice
Screening for Health, Fitness, and Wellness:
Distinguishing Screening, Examination, and Evaluation
Interviewing for Health, Fitness and Wellness
Vital Signes, 3-minute Step Test, and Borg perceived Scale of Exertion
Seven Dimensions of Wellness
Physical Health Screening
Health, Fitness, and Wellness Issues during Childhood and Adolescence:
Structure and Function
Recognizing and Reporting Child abuse
Denver II Developmental Screening
Special Concerns in Pediatrics
Program for Prevention of Obesity
Health, Fitness, and Wellness During Adulthood:
Tasks of Adulthood
Adult Health and Wellness Risks
Screening Tools for Adulthood
Adult Educational Materials
Women's Health Issues: Focus on Pregnancy:
Screening for Womens Health
Womens Heart Disease
Female Athlete Triad
Educational Material for Women
Prepartum and Postpartum Exercises

80
Prevention Practice for Older Adults :
Ageism
Anatomical and Physiological Changes with Aging
Common Health Problems of Older Adults
Screening Older Adult for Health Fitness and Wellness
Fitness for Older Adults
Resources to Optimize Health and Wellness:
Chronic Illness
Nutrition
Progressive Relaxation
Time management
Spirituality
Health Protection:
Infection Control
Injury Prevention during Childhood
Injury prevention during Adolescence
Injury Prevention during Adulthood
Injury Prevention during Older Adulthood
Prevention Practice for Musculoskeletal Conditions:
Musculoskeletal, Changes in Childhood and Adolescence
Musculoskeletal Changes with Aging
Ergonomics
Workplace Screening for Musculoskeletal Risk
Prevention Practice for Cardiopulmonary Conditions:
Common Cardiopulmonary Disorders
Screening for Cardiopulmonary Conditions
Prevention of Cardiovascular Conditions
Prevention of pulmonary Conditions

81
Recommended Exercises for Chronic Diseases
Prevention Practice for Neuromuscular Conditions:
Prevention Practice for Stroke
Prevention Practice for spinal Cord Injury
Prevention Practice for Parkinsons disease
Prevention practice for Multiple Sclerosis
Prevention Practice for Integumentary Disorders:
Lifespan Changes of the integumentary System
Skin Care
Prevention Practice for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities:
Defining Developmental Disabilities
Misconceptions about Disabilities
Promoting Health for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities
Quality of life for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities
Marketing Health and Wellness:
Definition of Marketing
Marketing Strategies for health and wellness Centers
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
A Physical Therapists Guide to Health, Fitness, and Wellness
By Catherine R Thompson, PhD, MS, PT
82
THEORY HOURS
50
TOTAL HOURS
50
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
In First year the student will cover only some part of course, examination will be conducted at
the end of third professional year.
Stress Management
Definition and classification of stress and stressors
Relationship of stress and stressors with illness
Stress and health
Anxiety
Coping skills
Psychological defence mechanisms
Conflict and frustration
Adjustment and maladjustment
Patient anxiety / stress
Psychological theories of pain perception and patients experience of pain Treatment

adherence and compliance
Psychological techniques including hypnosis
Doctor Patient Relationship
Concept of boundaries and psychological reactions in doctor patient relationship (such as

transference and counter transference)
Pain, Sleep and Consciousness
Concept of pain
83
Physiology of pain, psychosocial assessment and management of chronic /intractable atypical

facial pain
Stages of sleep
Physiology of consciousness
Attend states of consciousness
Psychological influence on sleep and consciousness
Non-pharmacological methods of inducing sleep
Changes in consciousness
, Arnold Publisher
84
THIRD PROFESSIONAL YEAR

1. PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY
2. PHARMACOLOGY
3. PHYSICAL AGENTS & ELECTROTHERAPY
4. THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES & TECHNIQUES
5. BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
6. TEACHING METHODOLOGY & COMMUNITY
MEDICINE
7. SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE I, II
Total Marks: 900
85
PATHOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY

THEORY HOURS
200
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
300
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Students will develop an understanding of pathology underlying clinical disease states and
involving the major organ systems. Epidemiological issues will be presented and discussed.
Students will learn to recognize pathology signs and symptoms that are considered red flags
for serious disease. Students will use problem-solving skills and information about pathology to
decide when referral to another health care provider or alternative intervention is indicated.
Students will be expected to develop the ability to disseminate pertinent information and
findings, and ascertain the appropriate steps to follow.
Pathology & Microbiology
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Pathology & Microbiology shall consist of one Theory paper
of three hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Pathology & Microbiology and there
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Pathology & Microbiology will consist of maximum 90 marks.
Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
86

GENERAL PATHOLOGY
Cell injury and death:

a) Causes of cell injury
a. Necrosis
b. Apoptosis
c. Subcellular responses
Cell adaptations:
a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Atrophy
d. Metaplasia
e. Intracellular accumulation
Inflammation:
a. Acute inflammation
i. Vascular events
ii. Cellular events
iii. Chemical mediators
b. Chronic inflammation
i. General
ii. Granulomatous
c. Morphologic patterns of acute and chronic inflammation
Healing and repair:

a. Normal controls
b. Repair by connective tissue
c. Wound healing
Haemodynamic disorders
a. Edema
b. Hyperemia / congestion
c. Hemorrhage
d. Thrombosis
87
e. Embolism
f. Infarction
g. Shock
Diseases of immunity
a. General features
b. Hypersensitivity reactions
c. Immune deficiencies
d. Autoimmunity
e. Amyloidosis
Neoplasia:
a. Nomenclature
b. Molecular basis
c. Carcinogenic agents
d. Clinical aspects
MICROBIOLOGY
The Bacteria
a. Bacterial cell structure
b. Bacterial forms and function
c. Bacterial identification and classification
d. The gram stain
Methods of studying micro-organism

a. Culturing, inoculation and identification
b. Types of medicine
c. Physical states of media
Microbial growth
a. Stages in the normal growth curve
Microbial genetics
a. Prokaryotic transcriptions and translations
b. Conjugations
c. Mutation and its causes
88
d. Mechanism of drug resistances
Pathogenesis
a. Gateway to infection
b. Resident flora
c. Mechanism of invasions
d. Classic stages of clinical infection
Sterilization and disinfection
The Integumentary System
Skin Lesions
Signs and Symptoms of Skin Disease
Aging and the Integumentary System
Common Skin Disorders
Skin Infections
Skin Cancer
Skin Disorders Associated With Immune
Dysfunction
Thermal Injuries
Miscellaneous Integumentary Disorders
The Cardiovascular System
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease
Aging and the Cardiovascular System
Gender Differences and the Cardiovascular System
Diseases Affecting the Heart Muscle
Disease Affecting the Cardiac Nervous System
Diseases Affecting the Heart Valves
Diseases Affecting the Pericardium
Diseases Affecting the Blood Vessels
Other Cardiac Considerations
89
The Lymphatic System
Anatomy and Physiology
Inflammation and Infection in the Lymphatic System
The Respiratory System
Aging and the Pulmonary System
Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases
Obstructive Diseases
Environmental and Occupational Diseases
Near Drowning
Congenital Disorders
Parenchymal Disorders
Disorders of the Pulmonary Vasculature
Disorders of the Pleural Space
Pathology of the musculoskeletal System

Introduction to Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System
Advances in Musculoskeletal Biotechnology
Biologic Response to Trauma
Aging and the Musculoskeletal System
The Musculoskeletal System and Exercise
Musculoskeletal System Disease
Genetic and Developmental Disorders
Down syndrome
Scoliosis
Kyphoscoliosis
Spina Bifida Occulta, Meningocele, Myelomeningocele
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Neuromuscular Disorders
Torticollis
Erb's Palsy
90
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
Metabolic Disorders
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Paget's Disease
Infectious Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System
Osteomyelitis
Infections of Prostheses and Implants
Diskitis
Infectious (Septic) Arthritis
Infectious (Inflammatory) Muscle Disease
Extra pulmonary tuberculosis
Summary of Special Implications for the Therapist
Musculoskeletal Neoplasms
Primary Tumors
Primary Benign Bone tumors
Primary Malignant Bone tumors
Multiple Myeloma
Primary Soft Tissue Tumors
Metastatic Tumors
Soft Tissue , Joint , and Bone Disorders
Soft Tissue
Joint
Bone
Pathology Of The Nervous System

Introduction to Central Nervous System Disorders
Overview
Pathogenesis
91
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Infectious Disorders of the Central Nervous System
Overview
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Brain Abscess
Prion Disease
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Primary Brain Tumors
Specific Primary Brain Tumors
Primary Intraspinal Tumors
Metastatic Tumors
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis
Pediatric Tumors
Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,
Alzheimer's Disease, Alzheimer's Dementia, and Variants
Dystonia,
Huntington's Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Parkinsonism and Parkinson's Disease
Stroke
Stroke
Vascular Disorders of the Spinal Cord
92
Medical Microbiology
1) G +ve cocci
a. Staphylococci
b. Streptococci
2) G -ve cocci
a. Nessessia
3) G +ve spore forming rods
a. Bacillies
b. Clostridia
c. G ve rods (introduction to Enterics)
4) Acid fast bacilli
a. Mycobacteria
5) Spirochetes
a. Introduction
b. Treponemes
6) Basic virology
a. General characteristics
b. Viral structure
c. Nomenclature and classification
7) Mycology
Introduction to mycology
8) Parasitology
Introduction to protozoan
To study the microscope
To study the calcification
To study the osteogenic sarcoma
To study the granulation tissue
To study the chronic inflammation (cholecystitis)

93
To study the acute inflammation (appendicitis)
To Fibroedenoma
To study the carcinoma of breast
To study the actinomycosis
To study the culture media
To study the gram staining
To study the Z-N staining
To study the giant cell tumor
Examination of urine
Pathology: implications for the Physical therapist by: Catherine cavallaro Goodman, 3rd
edition
Basics &advanced Human Pathology
Pathology by Robbins
Introduction to Pathology by Weight
Lecture notes on Pathology by Thomas and Cotton
General Pathology by Florey Medical Microbiology and Immunology By: Levinson and
Jawetz, 9th Ed., Mc Graw-Hill.
94
PHARMACOLOGY
THEORY HOURS
200
TOTAL HOURS
200
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course covers the basic knowledge of pharmacology including administration, physiologic
response and adverse effects of drugs under normal and pathologic conditions. Topics focus on
the influence of drugs in rehabilitation patient/client management. Drugs used in iontophorosis
and phonoporosis will be discussed in detail.
Pharmacology
Total Marks : 100
The examination in the subject shall consist of one Theory paper of three hours duration and of
maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Pharmacology and there will be no
choice. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY;
Basic Principles of Pharmacology
Phrmacokinematics; Drug Administration,Absorption,and Distribution
Pharmacokinematics; Drug Elimination
Drug Receptors
PHARMACOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM;
Central Nervous System Pharmacology, General Principles
Sedative-Hypertonic and Anxiety Agents
Drugs used to treat affective Disorders; Depression and Manic-Depression
Antipsychotic Drugs
Antiepileptic Drugs
95
Pharmacologic Management of Parkinson Disease
General Anesthetics
Local Anesthetics
DRUGS AFFECTING SKELETAL MUSCLE;
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
DRUGS USED TO TREAT PAIN AND INFLAMMATION
Opioid Analgesics
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NASID)
Pharmacologic Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis
Patient-Controlled Analgesia
AUTONOMIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology
Cholinergic Drugs
Adrenergic Drugs
Antihypertensive Drugs
Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure
Treatment of Coagulation Disorders and Hyperlipidemia
RESPIRATORY AND GASTROINTESTINAL PHARMACOLOGY;
Respiratory drugs
Gastrointestinal Drugs
ENDOCRINE PHARMACOLOGY;
Introduction to Endocrine Pharmacology
Adrenocorticosteroids
Male and Female hormones
Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs; Agents affecting bone mineralization
Pancreatic Hormones and the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
96
CHEMOTHERAPY OF INFECTIOUS AND NEOPLASTIC DISEASES;
Treatment of Infections; Antibacterial Drugs
Treatment of Infections; Antiviral Drugs
Treatment of Infections; Antifungal and Ant parasitic drugs
Cancer Chemotherapy
Immunomodulating Agents
DRUGS USED IN CURRENT PHYSICAL THERAPY PRACTICE:
Drugs administered by Iontophorosis and Phonophrosis
Potential Interactions Between Physical Agents and Therapeutic drugs
Recommended Textbook:
Pharmacology in Rehabilitation (3rd Edition)By Charles D. Ciccone
Pharmacology ,Richard A,Harvey ,2nd Eddition ,Lippincotts
Mutlianthore text book of Pharmacology and Therapeutics ,M.Cheema,A vol 1 and Vol 2
97
PHYSICAL AGENTS & ELECTROTHERAPY

THEORY HOURS
200
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
300
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Thiscoursetendstoexplorefundamentalskillsinapplicationofelectromodalitiesandknowledgeof
indications,contraindicationsandphysiologicalprinciplesneededforappropriatepatientcare.It
includestopicssuchaselectricstimulation,T.E.N.S.Iontophoresis,ultrasound/Phonophoresis,
diathermy,electrodiagnostictesting, infra red, ultra violet, cryotherapy, hydrotherapy,
Iontophoresis, ultrasound /Phonophoresis, electrodiagnostic testing, traction, compression and

laser therapy etc.
Physical Agents & Electrotherapy
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Physical Agents & Electrotherapy shall consist of one Theory
paper of three hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10
Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Physical Agents & Electrotherapy and
there will be no choice. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Physical Agents & Electrotherapy will consist
of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
98
INTRODUCTION & GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF ELECTROTHERAPY:

TYPES OF CURRENT USED
Low frequency current
Medium frequency current
LOW FREQUENCY CURRENT
Faradic current
Sinusoidal current
Galvanic current
constant galvanic current
modified galvanic current
Superimposed currents
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Dia-dynamic currents
Medium Frequency Current:
Interferential Current
Introduction, physical principles, electro-physiological effects
Clinical applications, methods of application
Treatment consideration & contraindications
Faradic current
Detailed description of faradic current
Treatment techniques
Methods of application
Sinusoidal current
Detailed description of sinusoidal current
Treatment
Galvanic current
Constant galvanic current
99
Detailed description of galvanic current treatment
Dangers, precautions, contraindications
Ionization
Medical ionization
Theory& proof of ionization
Effects of various ions, i.e iodine, salycylate, albucid, copper, zinc, histamine, carbacol,
renotinenovocaine, lithium
Techniques of medical ionization with vasodilator drugs
techniques for special areas
Modified Galvanic current
Definition
Physical effects
Therapeutic effects
Uses
Treatment techniques & methods of application
Electrical stimulation of nerve & muscle
A nerve impulse
Property of accommodation
Electrical Reactions
Normal & abnormal reactions of nerve & muscle to faradism & intruppted direct current
Changes in electrical reaction in
Upper motor neurons
Lower motor neurons
Muscular disease
Methods of electrical test
Faradic & I.D.C test
Strength duration curve
Accomodity test
Electromyography
100
Definition, method, value, uses of E.M.G, Electromyography & temperature , feed back
technique
Super imposed current
Introduction
Definition
Effects & uses
Technique, Methods, Dangers & Precautions
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS)
Definition
Theoretical basis of pain
Equipment selection
Electrode placement
Clinical indications
Dia dynamic current
Definition and introduction
Basic currents (MF,DF)
Derivative of basic current
Brief description of Dia dynamic and basic currents
Characteristics of diadynamic current,
Techniques of application & treatment, frequency of treatment.
Clinical indication e.g. Sprain ankle, Sciatica. Facial neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia &
Qtitis media.
Medium Frequency Current:
Interferential Current
Introduction, physical principles, electro-physiological effects
Clinical applications, methods of application
Treatment consideration & contraindications
Physics of head and Radiation
Definition of heat and temperature
Physical effects
101
Transmission of heat
Radiant energy electromagnetic spectrum its production & properties
Laws governing radiation
Infra-Red Rays
Definition
Production, luminous & non-luminous generators
Physiological effects
Therapeutic effects
Uses
Techniques of application
Dangers and contraindications
Ultra Violet Rays
Production, U.V. rays
Mercury Vapor Lamp: Air cooled mercury vapor lamp &Kromayer lamp
Fluorescent Tubes
Penetration of rays into the skin
Physiological effects (local & general)
Therapeutic effects
Sensitizers
Assessment of doses
Test dose
Techniques of local and general radiation with special techniques of treatment of wounds
Techniques with compression
Dangers & precautions
Contraindications
Heliotherapy
Introduction
Effects
Uses
dangers and contraindications

102
Ultrasonic Therapy
Introduction
Production
Physiological & therapeutic effects
Uses, dangers, precautions & contraindications
Techniques and application of treatment
Cryotherapy
Definition
Methods
Physiological & therapeutic effects
Dangers, indications and precautions
Hydrotherapy
Physiological principles of hydrotherapy
Application of heat & cold
Outline of methods of applying moist heat
Medium used, contrast bath, paraffin baths, whirlpool baths, techniques, effects, uses,
dangers, contraindications of each
The use of water as medium of each, the use of water as a medium of movement pool therapy
Immersion baths, full, plain and medicated, partial baths, packs, general local methods of
application
Hot air, vapors, the car of patients in hydrological department
Detailed description of indication of hydrotherapy
Traction
Effects of spinal traction
Clinical indications for the use of spinal traction
Contraindications and precautions for spinal traction
Adverse effects of spinal traction
Application technique
Compression
Effects of External Compressions
103
Clinical indications for the Use of External Compression
Contraindications and Precautions of External Compression
Contraindications for the Use of Intermittent or Sequential Compression Pumps
Precautions for the Use of Intermittent or Sequential Compression Pumps
Adverse Effects of External Compression
Application Techniques
Laser therapy:
Definition
Properties of laser
Production of Lasers
Types of Lasers
Techniques of application
Dosage parameters
Interaction of laser with body tissues
Physiological and therapeutic effects of lasers
Dangers and contraindications
Methods of Treatment

The practical training will be practiced in physiotherapy treatment ward under the supervision of
qualified physiotherapists
Location of motor points
Faradic & I.D.C test
Strength duration curve, determination of Rheobase and Chronaxie
Accomodity test
Electromyography
Definition, method, value, uses of E.M.G, Electromyography & temperature, feed back
technique
Practical application of TENS in physical therapy treatment ward
Reflective clinical case studies

104
Iontophoresis
Practical application of Infra red rays
Practical application of ultrasound including Phonophoresis
Supervised application of Ultraviolet rays including determination of test dosage
Practical application of cold packs
Practical application of traction
Paraffin Wax bath application
Demonstration of techniques during practical classes, later on techniques practiced by

students on patients attending the department under supervision of trained physiotherapists.
Note:
The students are expected to make a record of his/her achievements in the log book. The log
book is a collection of evidence that learning has taken place. It is a reflective record of
achievements. The log book shall also contain a record of the procedures which student would
have performed/observed.
Recommended books:
Claytons Electrotherapy and Actinotherapy, 10th edition by PM Scott
Electrotherapy: Evidence based Practice, 11th edition by Shelia Kitchen
Michelle H Camerons Physical Agent in Rehabilitation: From research to Practice
Electrotherapy and Electrodiagnosis by S. Lient
Applications of Shortwave Diathermy by P.M. Scott
Practical Electrotherapy by Savage
105
THERAPEUTIC EXEDRCISES & TECHNIQUES

THEORY HOURS
300
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
400
THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES & TECHNIQUES
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course presents anatomical and physiological principles to allow students to develop
integrated therapeutic exercise interventions. Students have the opportunity to develop an
acquired understanding of physiological responses to various types of training and develop skills
in prescription, implementation, and modeling of exercise programs. Exercise components of
strength, aerobic/ anaerobic conditioning, flexibility, balance and stage of healing/rehabilitation
are examined. Evidence of appropriate, safe and effective exercise design and proper exercise
biomechanics and prescription parameters are addressed with all interventions. Exercise
considerations for special populations and across the age span are covered. Concepts are
presented in lecture and practiced in the laboratory.
Therapeutic Exercises & Techniques
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Therapeutic Exercises & Techniques shall consist of one
Theory paper of three hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of
10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Therapeutic Exercises & Techniques
and there will be no choice. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Therapeutic Exercises & Techniques will consist
106
GENERAL CONCEPTS
Therapeutic Exercise: Foundational Concepts
Therapeutic exercise: impact on physical function
Process and models of disablement
Patient management and clinical decision making: an
Interactive relationship:
Strategies for effective exercise and task-specific
Instruction:
Prevention, Health, and Wellness
role of physical therapy in healthy people
APPLIED SCIENCE OF EXERCISE AND TECHNIQUES

Range of Motion
Types of ROM exercises
Indications and goals for ROM
Limitations of ROM exercises
Precautions and contraindications to ROM exercises
Principles and procedures for applying ROM Techniques
ROM techniques
Self-assisted ROM
Continuous passive motion
ROM through functional patterns
Stretching for Impaired Mobility
Definitions of terms related to mobility and stretching
Properties of soft tissueresponse to immobilization and stretch
Determinants, types, and effects of stretching interventions
Procedural guidelines for application of stretching interventions

107
Precautions for stretching
Adjuncts to stretching interventions
Manual stretching techniques in anatomical planes of motion
Peripheral Joint Mobilization
Definitions of terms; mobilization/manipulation, self-mobilization (auto-mobilization),

mobilization with movement, physiological movements, accessory movements, thrust,
manipulation under anesthesia, muscle energy
Basic concepts of joint motion: arthrokinematics
Indications for joint mobilization
Limitations of joint mobilization techniques contraindications and precautions
Procedures for applying passive joint mobilization techniques
Mobilization with movement: principles of application
Peripheral joint mobilization techniques including Shoulder Girdle Complex, Elbow and
Forearm Complex, Wrist Complex, Hand and Finger Joints, Hip Joint, Knee and Leg, Ankle
and Foot Joints
Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance
Muscle performance and resistance exercisedefinitions and guiding principles
Skeletal muscle function and adaptation to resistance exercise
Determinants of an exercise program
Exercise program
Physiological changes that occur with training
Determinants of resistance exercise
Types of resistance exercise
General Principles Of Resistance Training
Precautions For Resistance Exercise
Contraindications to resistance exercise
Manual resistance exercise; definition and use, guidelines and special considerations,
techniquesgeneral background, upper extremity, lower extremity
Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitationprinciples and
108
Techniques
Diagonal patterns, basic procedures with PNF patterns, upper extremity diagonal patterns,
lower extremity diagonal patterns, specific techniques with PNF
Mechanical resistance exercise; use in rehabilitation, use in conditioning programs, special

considerations for children and older adults
Selected resistance training regimens
Equipment for resistance training
Principles of Aerobic Exercise
Application of principles of an aerobic conditioning program for the patient with coronary
disease; inpatient phase
(phase i) outpatient phase
(phase ii) outpatient program
(phase iii) special considerations, adaptive changes
Applications of aerobic training for the de-conditioned individual and the patient with
chronic illness
Age differences; children, young adults, older adults
Aquatic Exercise
Background and principles for aquatic exercise
Definition of aquatic exercise
Goals and indications for aquatic exercise
Precautions and contraindications to aquatic exercise
Properties of water
Aquatic temperature and therapeutic exercise
Special equipment for aquatic exercise
Exercise interventions using an aquatic environment stretching exercises
Strengthening Exercises
Aerobic Conditioning
109
PRINCIPLES OF INTERVENTION
SOFT TISSUE INJURY, REPAIR, AND MANAGEMENT
Soft tissue lesions
Management during the acute stage
Management during the sub acute
Management during the chronic stage
Cumulative traumachronic recurring pain
JOINT, CONNECTIVE TISSUE, AND BONE DISORDERS AND MANAGEMENT
Arthritisarthrosis
Fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome
Osteoporosis
Fracturespost-traumatic immobilization
SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS AND POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
Indications for surgical intervention
Guidelines for preoperative and Postoperative management; considerations for
preoperative management, considerations for postoperative management, potential
postoperative complications
Overview of common orthopedic surgeries and postoperative management; surgical
approachesopen, arthroscopic, and arthroscopically assisted procedures, use of tissue
grafts, repair, reattachment, reconstruction, stabilization, or transfer of soft tissues,
release, lengthening, or decompression of Soft tissues
PERIPHERAL NERVE DISORDERS AND MANAGEMENT
Review of peripheral nerve structure; nerve structure, nervous system mobility
characteristics, common sites of injury to peripheral nerves
Impaired nerve function
Nerve injury and recovery
Neural tension disorders and their managements
Musculoskeletal diagnoses involving impaired
Nerve function thoracic outlet syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome
110
Compression in tunnel of Guyon

Complex regional pain syndrome: reflex sympathetic Dystrophy and causalgia
Practical training:
Practical demonstration of ROM techniques
Practical demonstration of stretching techniques
Practical demonstration of resisted exercise techniques
Practical demonstration of peripheral joint mobilization techniques
Aerobic exercises
Balance training
Hydrotherapy
Supervised and independent Practical application of therapeutic techniques on patients in

outdoor and indoor physiotherapy treatment settings.
Note:
Recommended text books:
Therapeutics Exercises and Technique, By: Carolyn Kisner & Lynn Allen Colby 4th 5th
edition.
Therapeutics Exercises: Techniques for Intervention By: Willim D.Banddy
Clinical decision making in therapeutic exercise By: Patricia e. Sullivan & prudence d.
Markos, Appleton & Lange Norwalk, Connecticut
111
THEORY HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Behavioral Sciences
Total Marks : 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Behavioral Sciences shall consist of one Theory paper of three
hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Behavioral Sciences and there will be
no choice. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Behavioral Sciences (OPSE and Case presentation) will consist

Note: The course of Behavioural sciences covered in First and Second year shall also be the
part of syllabus for examination.
Communication Skills
Principles of effective communication

112
Active listening
Art of questioning
Good and bad listener
Counseling: steps, scope, indication and contraindications
Dealing with real life crisis and conflict situations in health settings
A practical method of communication between the doctor and patient about disease, drugs,
prognosis etc
Interviewing
Collecting data on psychosocial factors in Medicine / Surgery / Reproductive Health /

Paediatrics and other general health conditions
Types of interview
Skills of interviewing
Health Psychology
Importance of psychological consideration in clinical management of patients
Psychological therapies
Key concepts in childs social and cognitive development
Psychological changes during adolescence and old age and their clinical management
Impact of illness on a patients psychological well being including the ability to cope and
understand the association between psychological stress and physical well being
Role of doctor in patient reassurance and allaying anxiety and fear
Social and Community Perspective
Inequalities of healthcare and the relationship of social class
Ethnicity, culture and racism, How disease pattern and medical care vary by culture and
ethnicity?
Gender and Healthcare
Influence of health and illness on behaviour
Application of Behavioural Principles in Health and Disease
Mentally / emotionally handicapped
Physically handicapped
Chronically ill
113
Homebound
Medically compromised
, Arnold Publisher
114
TEACHING METHODOLOGY & COMMUNITY

MEDICINE
THEORY HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The course is organized to introduce the concept of health care and management issues in Health
Services. It will help them in assuming a leadership role in their profession and assume the
responsibility of guidance. It will help them assume wider responsibilities at all levels of health
services. It will help them in improving their performance through better understanding of the
total function of the institution.
TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Types of health services, public, private, scientific, traditional health system.
Organization of public services in health, central, provincial and local levels.
Burden of disease, concept of health needs for care,
Levels of health care, primary, secondary and tertiary,
Planning of health services,
Organization of health services,
Implementation and evaluation of health services,
Management of resources in health services,
Financial management.
Health education and social cultural concept in health,
Ethics in Health Services.
Theories of learning facilitations
Cognitive, Psychomotor domain & effective domain
Bloom taxonomy
115
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course is designed for the physiotherapists in order to develop strong knowledge
background regarding the community health and well being. It also gives knowledge about issues
in community health and policies and procedures for their effective management..

INTRODUCTION
History of Community Medicine
Definition, concept of Health & illness of diseases
Natural History of diseases, levels & prevention
ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION & MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
water
waste disposal
Environmental problems & pollution
GENETICS
Prevention of genetic diseases
Genetic counseling
GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY
Time
Place
Person
ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
Case control
Cohort studies
EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

SYSTEMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY
Vector borne diseases
Water borne diseases
116
Air born diseases
Contact diseases
Diseases of major public health and its importance alongwith national health programmes
wherever Applicable
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES:
Diabetes
Hypertension
Heart diseases
Blindness
Accidents
Geriatric problems
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROBLEMS:
M.C.H. and family welfare Programmes
Health care delivery in the community
National Health Policy
National Health programmes including
Rehabilitation, Evaluation of Health
Programmes, Helath Planning Organization,
STRUCTURE OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN THE COUNTRY
P.H.C. district level
State level and central level.
P.H.C. Organization and Function
Role of Non Governmental Organization
HEALTH EDUCATION
Principles of Health Promotion
Methods, approaches and media for
I.E.C (Information, Education & Communication)
Medical and Health/Information system
Mental Health
Nutrition
117
Textbooks of Community Medicine, by Prof. H. A. Siddique (2nd Edition).
Parks text book of preventive & social medicine K Park
118
SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE I

PROFESSIONAL SUPERVISION
FOCUS
YEAR
3
Supervised by trained PT
History Taking
HISTORY TAKING
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
During this supervised clinical practice, students are responsible for learning the art of history
taking, the first interaction with patient. Students learn the skills under supervision of trained
physical therapists. Students become familiar with performance of these skills in all settings
(inpatient and outpatient) as well as on all types of patients (surgical, non-surgical, pediatric,
geriatric, etc.)
The emphasis is placed on general history taking skills as well as its pertinence to all systems
(musculoskeletal, Integumentary, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurological.) Student is
required to keep a performance record of all listed competencies and successfully perform on
real patients during the final evaluation of the course.
Clinical Competencies:
Review pertinent medical records and conduct an interview which collects the following data:
Past and current patient/client history
Demographics
General health status
Chief complaint
Medications
Medical/surgical history
119
Social history
Present and pre-morbid functional status/activity
Social/health habits
Living environment
Employment
Growth and development
Lab values
Imaging
Consultations
Documentation of the history
120
SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE I I

PROFESSIONAL
SUPERVISION
FOCUS
WARDS
COMPETENCIES
SUPERVISED BY
SYSTEMS
All rotational
AS LISTED BELOW
TRAINED PT
REVIEW
wards
YEAR
3
SYSTEMS REVIEW
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
During this supervised clinical practice, students are responsible for learning the skills of systems
review and validate the need for physical therapy services. Students learn to objectively review
each system under the supervision of trained physical therapists. Students become familiar with
performance of these skills in all settings (inpatient and outpatient) as well as on all types of
patients (surgical, non-surgical, pediatric, geriatric, etc.)
Student is required to keep a
performance record of all listed competencies and successfully perform on real patients during
the final evaluation of the course.
Clinical Competencies:
Perform review of systems to determine the need for referral or for physical therapy
services.
Systems review screening includes the following:
General Health Condition (GHC)

Fatigue
Malaise
Fever/chills/sweats
Nausea/vomiting
Dizziness/lightheadedness
Unexplained weight change
121
Numbness/Paresthesia
Weakness
Mentation /cognition
Cardiovascular System (CVS)*
Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Palpitations
Pain/sweats
Syncope
Peripheral edema
Cough
Pulmonary System (PS)*
Dyspnea
Onset of cough
Change in cough
Sputum
Hemoptysis
Clubbing of nails
Stridor
Wheezing
Gastrointestinal System (GIS)
Difficulty with swallowing
Heartburn, indigestion
Change in appetite
Change in bowel function
Urinary System (US)
Frequency
Urgency
Incontinence
Genital Reproductive System (GRS)
122
Male
Describe any sexual dysfunction, difficulties, or concerns
Female
Describe any sexual or menstrual dysfunction, difficulties, or problems
RECOGNITION OF RED AND YELLOW FLAGS
Initiate referral when positive signs and symptoms identified in the review of systems
are beyond the specific skills or expertise of the physical therapist or beyond the scope
of physical therapist practice.
Consult additional resources, as needed, including other physical therapists, evidencebased literature, other health care professionals, and community resources.
Screen for physical, sexual, and psychological abuse.
Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
Conduct a systems review for screening of the cardiovascular and pulmonary system
(heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, blood pressure, edema).
Read a single lead EKG.
Integumentary System
Conduct a systems review for screening of the integumentary system, the assessment of
pliability (texture), presence of scar formation, skin color, and skin integrity.
Musculoskeletal System
Conduct a systems review for screening of musculoskeletal system, the assessment of gross
symmetry, gross range of motion, gross strength, height and weight.
Neurological System
Conduct a systems review for screening of the neuromuscular system, a general assessment
of gross coordinated movement (eg, balance, gait, locomotion, transfers, and transitions) and
motor function (motor control and motor learning).
123
FOURTH PROFESSIONAL YEAR

1. MEDICINE
2. SURGERY
3. PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT-I: MUSCULOSKELETAL,
NEUROLOGICAL PHYSICAL THERAPY
4. RADIOLOGY & DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING & EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES AND PRIMARY CARE
5. BIOSTATISTICS & EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
6. SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE III, IV
TotalMarks:800
124
MEDICINE
THEORY HOURS
200
TOTAL HOURS
200
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course intends to familiarize students with medical terminology and abbreviations for
efficient and effective chart reviewing and documentation. It also explores select systemic
diseases, focusing on epidemiology, pathology, histology, etiology, as well as primary and
secondary clinical characteristics and their management. Discusses and integrates subsequent
medical and surgical management to formulate appropriate intervention indications, precautions
and contraindications.
Medicine
Total Marks: 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Medicine shall consist of one Theory paper of three hours
duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Medicine and there will be no choice.
Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Medicine will consist of maximum 90 marks. Internal
125
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Cardiac Diseases:
Chest pain
Dyspnoea
Palpitation
Peripheral edema
Syncope
Cardiac failure
Acute pulmonary edema
Cardiogenic shock
Systemic hypertension
Ischemic heart disease
Angina pectoris
Unstable angina
Myocardial infarction
Rheumatic fever
Valvular heart diseases
Congenital heart diseases
Ventricular septic defect
Atrial septal defect
pulmonary heart disease
Pericardial disease
Pulmonary hypertension
Cardiac arrhythmias and heart in pregnancy
Vascular Diseases:
Arteriosclerosis
Acute & Chronic ischemia of leg
Aortic aneurysm
126
Buergers disease
Raynauds disease
Varicose veins
Venous thrombosis
RHEUMATOLOGY AND BONE DISEASES

Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Connective tissue diseases
Arthritis in elderly
Arthritis in children,
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
Crystals deposition disease
Arthritis associated with other diseases
Back Pain
Back Pain due to serious disease
Inflammatory Back Pain
Disc disease
Mechanical problems
Soft tissues problems
Psychogenic Back Pain
Nonspecific Back Pain
Neck pain
Soft Tissue Rheumatism

Bone diseases
Pagets disease
Infections of bones
Neoplastic disease
Skeletal dysplasia
Other hereditary diseases

127
RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Diseases of Upper respiratory tract
Common cold
Sinusitis
Rhinitis
Pharangitis
Acute laryngeo-trcheobronchitis
Influenza
Inhalation of the foreign bodies
Disease of Lower Respiratory tract
Acute & chronic Bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Asthma
Emphysema
Pneumonias
Tuberculosis
Pulmonary fibrosis
Radiation damage
Common tumors of the lungs
Respiratory failure
Adult distress respiratory syndrome
Disorders of chest wall and pleura
Chest trauma
Deformities of rib cage
Dry pleurisy
Pleural effusion
Empyema
Pneumothorax
128
Dermatology
Introduction to disorders and diseases
Acne vulgaris
Psoriasis
Boils
Carbuncles
Alopecia
Mycosis fungoides
Polymorphic light eruptions
Vitilogo
Pityriasis
Hyperhydrosis
Diseases of Brain and Spinal Cord:
Common neurological symptoms
Neurological examination
The brain death
Stroke, types of stroke
Parkinsons disease
Epilepsy
Multiple Sclerosis
Infective and Inflammatory diseases
Intracranial tumors
Hydrocephalus
Headache
Migraine
Facial pain
Head injury
Motor neuron disease
Diseases of spinal cord
Diseases of Cranial nerves

129
Peripheral nerve lesions
Diseases of voluntary muscles and of neuromuscular junction
Sleep
Unconsciousness and Comma
Renal diseases
Glomerulonephritis
Acute nephritic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome
Urinary tract infection
Renal hypertension
Renal failure
Benign enlargement of prostate gland
Prostatic carcinoma
Diseases of the Blood:
Anaemia
Brief description of types of Anaemia
Brief description of Bleeding and Coagulation, only Haemophilia and Thrombosis is

described in detail
Miscellaneous Diseases:
Brief description of Diabetes Mellitus and its complications
Detailed description of Diabetic Neuropathy and Diabetic foot
Steroid induced Myopathy
Practice of medicine by: Davidson
Clinical medicine by: Parveen j Kumar & Michael Clark
Short text book by medicine by: M. Inam Danish
Hutchison's clinical methods by: Michael swash. 21st edition
Bed side techniques
130
SURGERY
THEORY HOURS
200
TOTAL HOURS
200
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course intends to familiarize students with principles othopaedic surgery along with
familiarization with terminology and abbreviations for efficient and effective chart reviewing
and documentation. It also explores various orthopaedic conditions needing surgical attention,
focusing on epidemiology, pathology, as well as primary and secondary clinical characteristics
and their surgical management. The purpose of this course is to make physiotherapy students
aware of various surgical conditions so these can be physically managed effectively both pre as
well as postoperatively.
Surgery
Total Marks: 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Surgery shall consist of one Theory paper of three hours
duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject and there will be no choice. Each short
essay question will carry 05 marks.
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Surgery will consist of maximum 90 marks. Internal
131
ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
FRACTURES
Definition
Classification
Causes
Clinical features
Healing of fractures
Complications
Principles of general management of
Fracture of the Upper Extremity
Fracture of the Lower Extremity
Fracture of the vertebral column, thorax and pelvis
Basic and advanced trauma life support
DISLOCATIONS & SUBLUXATIONS
Definition
Traumatic dislocation
General description
Principles of general description and management of traumatic dislocation and

subluxation of
Shoulder joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Elbow joint
Hip joint
Knee joint
SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
Introduction
Anatomy & physiology general description and management of injuries of:

132
Ligaments
Tendons
Muscles
Fascia
Bursae
Detailed description of physiotherapy management of individual tissue injuries around:
Shoulder region
Elbow region
Wrist and hand region
Knee region
Ankle region
Muscles and tendons injuries of upper and lower limb
Cervicolumber injuries
Whiplash of the cervical spine
Crush injuries
Spinal pain
Degenerative and Inflammatory Conditions:
Osteo-orthosis/Arthritis
Spondylosis
Spondylolysis
Pyogenic arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Juvenile arthritis
Tuberculosis arthritis
Gouty arthritis
Haemophilic arthritis
Neuropathic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthritis
GENERAL ORTHOPEDIC DISORDERS

133
Carpel tunnel syndrome
Compartment syndromes
Muscular dystrophies
Neuropathies
Avascular necrosis of bone in adult and children
Ischemic contracture
Gangrene
Rickets
Osteoporosis and osteomalacia
Shoulder pain
Neck pain
Knee pain
Backache
Painful conditions around elbow
Detailed description of :
Orthotics
Prosthetics
Splintage
Traction
POP
TUMORS:
Classification
Principles of general management
General description of benign and malignant tumors of musculoskeletal system
DEFORMITIES AND ANOMALIES
Definition
Causes
Classification
Congenital and acquired deformities
134
Physical and clinical and radiological features
Complications
Principles of medical and surgical management of the deformities
General description of following deformities:
DEFORMITIES OF THE SPINE:
Torticolis
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis
flat back
DEFORMITIES OF THE LOWER LIMB:
CDH
coxa vera
coxa valga
anteversion
Retroversion
Genu valgum
Genu varum
Genu recurvatum
CDK
Talipes calcaneous equines, varus & valgus
Talipes calcaneovarus
Talipes calcaneovalgus
Talipes equinovarus
Pes cavus
Pes planus
Hallux valgus & varum,
Hallux rigidus and hammer toe
135
DEFORMITIES OF SHOULDER AND UPPER LIMB:
Sprengels shoulder
Cubitus varum
Cubitus valgum
Deputryns contracture
GENERAL SURGERY
Introduction
Indications for surgery
Types of incisions
Wounds, types of wounds, factors affecting wounds healing, care of wounds
Bandages and dressing
Trauma and metabolic response to trauma
Detailed description of chest and abdominal trauma
Hemorrhage, hemostasis and blood transfusion
Classification and brief description of shock
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Classification of body fluid changes
Pre, intra and post operative fluid therapy
Surgery and diabetes
Burns and grafts
Neoplasia
Preoperative assessment & preparation
Post operative treatment, complications and their management
Types of anaesthesia
Local anaesthetic agents
Regional anaesthesia (spinal and epidural)
Intravenous anaesthetic agents

Muscle relaxants
Inhalational anaesthetic agents
Anaesthesia and associated diseases.
136
Complications of anaesthesia.
Perioperative management.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. CPR.
Recovery from anaesthesia.
Pain management and postoperative care.
Ulcers, sinuses and fistulas
Transplantation
Brief description of operation performed on: oesophagus, stomach, intestine gall bladder,
bile duct, spleen, pancreas, liver, abdominal wall, hernias, breast, kidneys, ureters, prostate,
peritoneum, mesentery and retroperitoneal space
THORACIC SURGERY
Pulmonary surgery
Introduction
types of incision
types of operation
complications of pulmonary surgery
drains , tubes
pneumonectomy, lobectomy , thoracoplasty
Operations on pleura
Chest injuries
Brief description of indication for pulmonary surgery:
Diseases of chest wall and pleura
Diseases of bronchi
Tumors of lung
Lung abscess
Hydatid disease of lung
Pulmonary embolism
Mediastinal masses
Problems related to diaphragm
137
Cardiac surgery
Introduction
Cardiorespiratory resuscitation
Special investigation procedures in cardiac surgery
Basic techniques in cardiac surgery
Types of incision
Types of operation
Complications of cardiac surgery
Lines, drains and tubes
Brief description of indications for cardiac surgery :
Congenital heart diseases
Acquired heart diseases
Diseases of the pericardium
Cardiac transplantation
Vascular surgery
Introduction
Investigation in vascular disease types of operation
Indication for vascular surgery
Complication of vascular surgery
Brief description of arterial occlusion
Gangrene
Detailed description of amputation
Aneurysm
Burgers disease
Raynauds disease and syndrome
Varicose veins
Superficial and deep venous thrombosis
Venous hemorrhage
Lymph edema
Lymph adenitis and lymphomas

138
NEUROSURGERY
Cranial surgery
Introduction
Special investigation in brain diseases and traumas
Types of operations, indications and complications of cranial surgery
Head injuries to the brain
Acute intracranial hematomas
Fractures of the skull
Intra cranial abscess
Intracranial tumors
Intra cranial aneurysm and hydrocephalus
Surgery of vertebral column spinal cord and peripheral nerves
Dislocation and management of dislocation of vertebral column
Tumors of vertebral column
Prolapse intervertebral disc
Disc protrusion
Spondylosis and spondylolisthesis
Spinal cord injuries and their management
Tumors of spinal cord types of operations performed on nerves
Nerve injuries and their surgical management
Brief description of lesions of cranial and spinal nerves and their management
Short practice of surgery by Baily and Loves
Text Book of Surgery by Ijaz Ahsan
Outline of Fractures by david hamblen, Hamish Simpsons
Outline of orthopedics. by david hamblen, Hamish Simpsons
Apleys systems of orthopedics and fractures by Louis Solomon 9th ed , publisher holder
Arnold
139
PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT-I
THEORY HOURS
300
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
400
MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSICAL THERAPY

Course Description:
This course includes a study of anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system and
pathological changes of the system and function, including diagnostic tests and measurements.
Relevant testes and measures for determining impairment and differentiating the diagnosis based
on the specificity and sensitivity of the assessment instruments as related to patients with
musculoskeletal conditions are discussed. The use of evidence-based physical therapy
intervention for musculoskeletal conditions is emphasized. Topics will focus on medical
terminology, clinical examination, evaluation, comparing contemporary, traditional interventions
and the impact of evolving technology in this area.
Physiotherapy Treatment I
Total Marks: 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Physiotherapy Treatment-I shall consist of one Theory paper
of three hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Physiotherapy Treatment-I and there
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Physiotherapy Treatment-I will consist of maximum 90
140
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY REGARDING MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL EVALUATION &

ASSESSMENT
Patient history
Observation
Examination
Principles, vital signs, examination of specific joints, functional assessment, specific diagnostic
test, reflexes and cutaneous distribution, joint play movements, palpation
Evaluation /Assessment of spine and peripheral joints
Causes
Effects of range limitation on functional activities
Principles of assessment and outcome measures

Documentation in SOAP notes format
Evidence based musculoskeletal Physical Therapy Treatment protocols
EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS BY BODY REGION

THE SPINE AND POSTURE: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, POSTURAL IMPAIRMENTS
& MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES
Posture and Biomechanical Influences
Alignment
Stability
Impaired posture
Etiology of pain
Common faulty postures: characteristics and Impairments
Management of impaired posture
General management guidelines
Tension headache/cervical headache
THE SPINE: IMPAIRMENTS, DIAGNOSES, & MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES
Review of the structure and function of the spine
141
SPINAL PATHOLOGIES AND IMPAIRED SPINAL FUNCTION

Pathology of the intervertebral disk
Pathomechanical relationships of the intervertebral disk and facet joints
Pathology of the zygapophyseal (facet)
Pathology of muscle and soft tissue injuries: strains, tears, and contusions
Pathomechanics of spinal instability
MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES BASED ON IMPAIRMENTS
Principles of management for the Spine
Management guidelinesnon-weight-bearing bias
Management guidelinesextension bias
Management guidelinesflexion bias
Management guidelinesstabilization
Management guidelinesmobilization
Management guidelinessoft tissue injuries
Management GuidelinesTemporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
THE SPINE: EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS
Basic concepts of spinal management with exercise

Fundamental interventions
Patient education
General exercise guidelines
Kinesthetic awareness
Elements of kinesthetic trainingfundamental techniques
Progression to active and habitual control of Posture
Mobility/flexibility
Cervical and upper thoracic
Regionstretching techniques
Mid and lower thoracic and lumbar
Regionsstretching techniques
Muscle performance: stabilization, muscle endurance, and strength training
142
Stabilization trainingfundamental techniques and Progressions

Isometric and dynamic exercises
Cardiopulmonary endurance
Common aerobic exercises and effects on the spine
Functional activities
Early functional trainingfundamental techniques
Preparation for functional activitiesbasic exercise Techniques
Body mechanics and environmental adaptations
Intermediate to advanced exercise techniques for Functional training
Education for prevention
THE SHOULDER AND SHOULDER GIRDLE
Examination, evaluation and assessment of shoulder joint
Referred pain and nerve injury
Management of shoulder disorders and surgeries
Joint Hypomobility: nonoperative management
Glenohumeral joint surgery and postoperative management
Painful shoulder syndromes (rotator cuff disease, impingement syndromes, shoulder
instabilities):
Nonoperative management
Painful shoulder syndromes: surgery and postoperative management
Shoulder dislocations: nonoperative management
Shoulder instabilities: surgery and postoperative management
Exercise interventions for the shoulder
Girdle Exercise Techniques During Acute And Early Subacute Stages of tissue healing
Exercise techniques to increase flexibility and range of motion
Exercises to develop and improve muscle performance and functional control
THE ELBOW & FOREARM COMPLEX

Examination, evaluation and assessment of elbow and forearm complex
143
Referred pain and nerve injury in the elbow region

Management of elbow and forearm disorders and surgeries
Joint surgery and postoperative management
Myositis ossificans
Overuse syndromes: repetitive trauma syndromes
Exercise interventions for the elbow and Forearm
Exercise techniques to increase flexibility and range of Motion
Exercises to develop and improve muscle performance And functional
THE WRIST & HAND

Examination, evaluation and assessment of wrist and hand
Major nerves subject to pressure and trauma at the Wrist and hand
Management of wrist and hand disorders And surgeries
Repetitive trauma syndromes/overuse
Traumatic lesions in the wrist and hand
Exercise interventions for the wrist and Hand
Techniques for musculotendinous mobility
Exercise techniques to increase flexibility and range Of motion
Exercises to develop and improve muscle Performance, neuromuscular control, and
coordination.
THE HIP
Examination, evaluation and assessment of hip joint
The hip and gait
Management of hip disorders and surgeries
144
Fractures of the hipsurgical and postoperative management

Painful hip syndromes/overuse syndromes: nonoperative management
Exercise interventions for the hip region
THE KNEE
Examination, evaluation and assessment of knee joint
Referred pain and nerve injuries
Management of knee disorders and surgeries
Patellofemoral dysfunction: nonoperative management
Patellofemoral and extensor mechanism dysfunction: Surgical and postoperative
management
Ligament injuries: nonoperative management
Ligament injuries: surgical and postoperative Management
Meniscal tears: nonoperative management
Meniscal tears: surgical and postoperative management
Exercise interventions for the knee
THE ANKLE & FOOT
Examination, evaluation and assessment of ankle and foot joint

Management of foot and ankle disorders and surgeries
Overuse (repetitive trauma) syndromes: nonoperative management
Ligamentous injuries: nonoperative management
145
Traumatic soft tissue injuries: surgical and postoperative management

Exercise interventions for the ankle and foot
Practical Training
The practical training will be sought in physiotherapy treatment based settings.

Keeping in view therapeutic principles, management of various pre and post
operative conditions will be practiced under supervision and later independently by
the students, the practical work might include:
Therapeutic Management of conditions of spine
Therapeutic Management of conditions of extremities
Therapeutic Management of vascular disorders
Therapeutic Management of pulmonary conditions
Therapeutic Management of gynaecological conditions
Supervised and independent Practical application of therapeutic techniques on

patients in outdoor and indoor physiotherapy treatment settings.
Note:
Therapeutics Exercises and Technique, By: Carolyn Kisner & Lynn Allen
Colby 4th 5th edition.
Therapeutics Exercises: Techniques for Intervention By: Willim D.Banddy
146
Clinical decision making in therapeutic exercise By: Patricia e. Sullivan &

prudence d. Markos, Appleton & Lange Norwalk, Connecticut
Hertling, D, and Kessler RM. Management of Common Musculoskeletal

Disorders: Physical Therapy Principles and Methods. 3rd ed. Philadelphia,
PA: WB Saunders 1995
Orthopaedic Physical Therapy By: Donatelli &Michael J. Wooden 4th

Edition.
Physiotherapy in Orthopaedics, A problem-solving approach By: Atkinson,

Coutts & Hassenkamp 2nd Edition
Clinical orthopaedic rehabilitation By S. Brent. Brotzman & Kevin. E. Wilk,

2nd edition, Mosby publishers.
Management of Common Musculoskeletal Disorder by: Hertling, D, and

Kessler RM Physical Therapy Principles and Methods. 3rd ed.
Philadelphia.PA: WB Sunders
Orthopedic Physical Assessment. Magee, D.4th ed. Philadelphia PA: WB

Sunders 1995
Physical Rehablitations Assessments and Treatment. By Susan B,OSullivan

&Thomas J. Schmitz , 4th edition
Tidys Physiotherapy by Thomas A Skinner & Piercy
147
NEUROLOGICAL PHYSICAL THERAPY

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the assessment and intervention procedures used
with persons with various neurological pathologies. The focus of this course will be on
neurological problems acquired in adulthood. Theories of motor control and motor learning will
be studied and applied to assessment and treatment. Laboratories will be used to strengthen
evaluation and intervention skills, especially the analysis of movement as well as planning,
practicing, and modifying treatment. The format of this course includes lectures, discussions,
laboratory experiences, problem-based learning activities, community based experiences, and
patient-centred case study learning activities.There will also be contact with persons with
neurological dysfunction as part of this course. Clinical competence in the evaluation and
treatment of persons with neurological impairments is to be developed. Topics will focus on
medical terminology, clinical examination, evaluation, comparing contemporary, traditional
interventions and the impact of evolving technology in this area.
DETAILED COURSE OUT LINE
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY REGARDING NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (BRIEF REVISION)
Brain
Spinal cord
CNS Support Structures
Neurons
PNS
Spinal Level Reflexes
NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION:
History
System review
Test and measures
INTERVENTIONS:
148
Introduction to Theories of Neurological Rehabilitation
Remediation & facilitation approaches
Bobath-NDT
Motor relearning program(MRP)
Kabat, Knott, Voss (PNF)
Constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT)
Motor Control / Motor Learning Approach
Neural plasticity/ adoptability
Balance
Role of sensory system
Skill acquisition
Postural Control
Mobility Function
Task-Related Training Approach
Compensatory Training Approach
Normal Reach, Grasp and Manipulation
NEUROLOGICAL DYSFUNCTIONS
CVA (Stroke)
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
Degenerative Diseases (Progressive CNS disorders)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Parkinsons Disease (PD)
Post Polio Syndrome (PPS)
Cerebellar Disorders
Vestibular Disorders
Cranial Nerves Disorders
Poly Neuropathies
149
NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
CASE HISTORIES
Principles of assessment and outcome measures
Documentation in SOAP notes format
Evidence based neurological Physical Therapy Treatment protocols

Practical/ Clinical Training:
In the laboratory sessions, neurological physiotherapy skills will be demonstrated and practiced.
Various reflective case studies related to the neurological rehabilitation will be assigned to the
students.
Note:
have performed/observed. This log book will be an integral part of the Physiotherapy in Practice
I and Physiotherapy in Practice II.
Neurological Physiotherapy Bases of evidence for practice Treatment and

management of patients described by specialist clinicians by Cecily
Partridge
Neurological Physiotherapy A problem-solving approach By Susan

Edwards, second edition.
Neurologic examination By Robert j. Schwartzman , first edition
150
RADIOLOGY & DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING &

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
& PRIMARY CARE IN PHYSICAL THERAPY
Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging and Emergency Procedures & Primary Care in Physical
Therapy
Total Marks : 100
The examination in the paper of Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging and Emergency
Procedures & Primary Care in Physical Therapy shall consist of one Theory Paper of 90
marks and three hours duration. Internal Assessment will be of 10 marks.
Section I: Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging = 50 Marks
Internal Assessment will be of 05 marks.
Section II: Emergency Procedures & Primary Care in Physical Therapy = 50
marks
Section-I: Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging

THEORY HOURS
100
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
200
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course covers the study of common diagnostic and therapeutic imaging tests. At the end of
the course students will be aware of the indications and implications of commonly used
diagnostic imaging tests as they pertain to patients management. The course will cover that how
X-Ray, CT, MRI, Ultrasound and Other Medical Images are created and how they help the
health professionals to save lives.
151
FROM THE WATCHING OF SHADOWS:
History
A New Kind of Ray
How a Medical Image Helps
What Imaging Studies Reveal
Radiography( x-rays )
Fluoroscopy
Computed Tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Ultrasound
Endoscopy
RADIOGRAPHY AND MAMMOGRAPHY:
Equipment components
Procedures for Radiography & Mammography
Benefits versus Risks and Costs
Indications and contraindications
FLUOROSCOPY:
What is Fluoroscopy?
Equipment used for fluoroscopy
Indications and Contra indications
How it helps in diagnosis
The Findings in Fluoroscopy
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT):
What is Computed Tomography?
Equipment used for Computed Tomography

152
The Findings in Computed Tomography
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
What is MRI?
Equipment used for MRI
The Findings in MRI
Functional MRI
ULTRASOUND:
What is Ultrasound?
Equipment used for Ultrasound
The Findings in Ultrasound
ENDOSCOPY:
What is Endoscopy?
Equipment used for Endoscopy
The Findings in Endoscopy
NUCLEAR MEDICINE:
What is Nuclear Medicine?
Equipment used for Nuclear Medicine
How it helps in diagnosis.

153
INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
Recommended Text Book:
Looking Within (How X-ray, CT, MRI, Ultrasound and Other Medical
Images Created
and How They Help Physicians Save Lives) By Anthony Brinton Wolbarst
AZ of Musculoskeletal and Trauma Radiology By: James R. D. Murray
Essentials of Radiology by Fred. A. Mettler, 2nd edition.
Imaging in rehabilitation, By: Terry. R. Malone, Charles Hazle & Michael L. Grey.
McGraw Hill Publishers.
154
Section-II: Emergency Procedures

& Primary Care in Physical Therapy
THEORY HOURS
50
TOTAL HOURS
50
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course provides the student with all of the skills necessary to take appropriate action in an
emergency in any practice setting. Basic life support, advanced cardiac life support, and first aid
and emergency preparedness are the content areas of this course. The course is designed to
provide knowledge and skill in emergency techniques and in the application of appropriate
action necessary to take care of the patient/client.
DETAILED COURSE OUT LINE
ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF EMERGENCY CARE

Develop and implement emergency action plan
Emergency team
Initial patient assessment and care
Emergency communication
Emergency equipment and supplies
Venue location
Emergency transportation
Emergency care facilities
Legal need and documentation
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE CRITICALLY INJURED PATIENT/ATHLETE
Scene assessment and safety
Body substance isolation precautions
Primary survey
155
Secondary survey
Vital signs
AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
Air way anatomy
Air way compromise
Oxygen therapy
Advanced airway devices
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH
Incidence and etiology of sudden death in general population
Sudden cardiac arrest in athletes
Screening and recognition of cardiac warning signs
Preparation for cardiac emergencies
Management of sudden cardiac arrest
HEAD INJURIES
Pathomechanics of brain injuries
Types of pathology
Classification of cerebral concussion
Cerebral contusion
Cerebral hematoma
Second impact syndrome
Initial on site assessment
Sideline assessment
Special tests for assessment of coordination
Special tests for assessment of cognition
Other tests
Medications
Wake ups and rest
EMERGENCY CARE OF CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES
Anatomy
Mechanism of injuries
156
Injuries to the spinal cord

Assessment
Management
EMERGENT GENERAL MEDICAL CONDITIONS
Sudden death
Exercise induced anaphylaxis
Acute asthma
Diabetes mellitus
Mononucleosis
Sickle cell traits
Hypertension
ENVIRONMENT-RELATED CONDITIONS
Heat related emergencies and their prevention
Cold related injuries
Lightning
Altitude related emergencies
ORTHOPEDIC INJURIES
Basic emergency medical care
Fundamentals of skeletal fractures
Splinting techniques
Fractures and dislocations of upper extremity
Fractures and dislocations of lower extremity
Fractures and dislocations of spine
ABDOMINAL INJURIES
Initial evaluation
Specific injuries: abdominal wall contusions, splenic injuries, liver injuries, renal injuries,
intestinal injuries, pancreatic injuries
Non-traumatic abdominal injuries: Appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy
THORACIC INJURIES
Assessment
157
Management of different Types of injuries: fractures, Pneumothorax, hemothorax,

pulmonary embolism
SPINE BOARDING IN CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENTS
The soft foam pit in gymnastics
The pole vault pit
The swimming pole and diving well
The ice hockey rink
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL IMPACT OF EMERGENCY
SITUATIONS
Defining psychological trauma
Psychological interventions in crisis situations
Psychological trauma in athletic environment
The psychological emergency response team
Internal team members
External team members
The psychological interventions recommendations.
PRIMARY CARE
FOUNDATION
Primary care: physical therapy modles1
Evidence - Based examination of diagnostic information
Cultural competence: An essential of primary health care
Pharmacologic considerations for the physical therapist
The patient interview: the science behind the art
EXAMINATION/EVALUATION
Prologue
Symptoms investigation, Part I: Chief complaint by body region
Symptoms investigation, Part II: Chief complaint by symptom
Patient health history including identifying health risk factor
Review of systems
158
Patient interview: the physical examination begins

Review of cardiovascular and pulmonary systems and vital signs
Upper quadrant screening examination
Lower quadrant screening examination\
Diagnostic imaging
Laboratory tests and values
DISORDERS AND MANAGEMENT

Acute Care Physical Therapy Examination and Discharge Planning.
Clinical Laboratory Values and Diagnostic Testing.
Physiologic Monitors and Patient Support Equipment.
Bed Rest, Deconditioning, and Hospital-Acquired NeuromuscularDisorders.
The Immune System and Infectious Diseases and Disorders.
Cardiovascular Diseases and Disorders.
Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders.
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Diseases and Disorders
Neurologic and Neurosurgical Diseases and Disorders.
Endocrine Diseases and Disorders.
Gastrointestinal Diseases and Disorders.
Genitourinary Diseases and Disorders.
Oncological Diseases and Disorders.
Transplantation.
Integumentary Diseases and Disorders
Wound Management.
SPECIAL POPULATIONS
The Pediatric and adolescent population
The obstetric client
The geriatric population
Health and wellness perspective in primary care
159
Emergency Care in Athletic Training by: Keith M.Gorse, Robert O. Blanc,

Francis Feld, Matthew Radelet, 1st edition, 2010, FA Davis Company
Acute care hand book for Physical Therapists by: Jaime C paz, Michelle P West,
2nd edition, 2002,Butterworth Heinemann
160
BIOSTATISTICS & EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE

Biostatistics & Evidence Based Practice
Total Marks: 100
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Biostatistics & Evidence Based Practice shall consist of one
Theory Paper of three hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of
10 Marks.
There will be total 09 short essay questions. There will be 05 short essay questions from the
subject of Biostatistics & 04 short essay questions from Biostatistics & Evidence Based Practice
and there will be no choice. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
There will be 45 MCQs and each question will carry 01 mark. There will be 25 MCQs from the
subject of Biostatistics & 20 MCQs from Evidence Based Practice and there will be no choice.
Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks
THEORY HOURS
100
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
200
BIOSTATISTICS
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
To provide the students with the necessary concepts of statistics to enable them to realize a
research project in the field of Physiotherapy. It involves selection of appropriate statistical
techniques to address questions of medical relevance; select and apply appropriate statistical
techniques for managing common types of medical data; use various software packages for
statistical analysis and data management; interpret the results of statistical analyses and critically
evaluate the use of statistics in the medical literature; communicate effectively with statisticians
and the wider medical community, in writing and orally through presentation of results of
statistical analyses; explore current and anticipated developments in medical statistics. It is
designed to teach entry-level physical therapy students the fundamentals of reading and
understanding research methods, design, and statistics.
161

WHAT IS STATISTICS?
Definition of Statistics, Population, sample Descriptive and inferential Statistics, Observations,
Data, Discrete and continuous variables, Errors of measurement, Significant digits, Rounding of
a Number, Collection of primary and secondary data, Sources, Editing of Data. Exercises.
PRESENTATION OF DATA
Introduction, basic principles of classification and Tabulation, Constructing of a frequency
distribution, Relative and Cumulative frequency distribution, Diagrams, Graphs and their
Construction, Bar charts, Pie chart, Histogram, Frequency polygon and Frequency curve,
Cumulative Frequency Polygon or Ogive, Historigram, Ogive for Discrete Variable. Types of
frequency curves. Exercises.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Introduction, Different types of Averages, Quantiles, The Mode, Empirical Relation between
Mean, Median and mode, Relative Merits and Demerits of various Averages. properties of Good
Average, Box and Whisker Plot, Stem and Leaf Display, definition of outliers and their
detection. Exercises.
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
Introduction, Absolute and relative measures, Range, The semi-Inter-quartile Range, The Mean
Deviation, The Variance and standard deviation, Change of origin and scale, Interpretation of the
standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation, Properties of variance and standard Deviation,
Standardized variables, Moments and Moments ratios. Exercises.
PROBABILITY AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS.
Discrete and continuous distributions: Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distribution. Exercises
SAMPLING AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS
Introduction, sample design and sampling frame, bias, sampling and non sampling errors,
sampling with and without replacement, probability and non-probability sampling, Sampling
distributions for single mean and proportion, Difference of means and proportions. Exercises.
162
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Introduction, Statistical problem, null and alternative hypothesis, Type-I and Type-II errors, level
of significance, Test statistics, acceptance and rejection regions, general procedure for testing of
hypothesis. Exercises.
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS- SINGLE POPULATION

Introduction, testing of hypothesis and confidence interval about the population mean and
proportion for small and large samples, Exercises
TESTING OF HYPOTHESES-TWO OR MORE POPULATIONS

Introduction, Testing of hypothesis and confidence intervals about the difference of population
means and proportions for small and large samples, Analysis of Variance and ANOVA Table.
Exercises
TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS-INDEPENDENCE OF ATTRIBUTES

Introduction, Contingency Tables, Testing of hypothesis about the Independence of attributes.
Exercises.
REGRESSION AND CORRELATION

Introduction, cause and effect relationships, examples, simple linear regression, estimation of
parameters and their interpretation. r and R2. Correlation. Coefficient of linear correlation, its
estimation and interpretation. Multiple regression and interpretation of its parameters. Examples
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Walpole, R. E. 1982. Introduction to Statistics, 3rd Ed., Macmillan

Publishing Co., Inc. New York. Muhammad, F. 2005.
Statistical Methods and Data Analysis, Kitab Markaz, Bhawana Bazar

Faisalabad
163
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE
THEORY HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
Course Description:
This course introduces the concept of evidence-based practice in physical therapy including the
formulation of answerable clinical questions, methods of obtaining peer-reviewed evidence to
those clinical questions, and how to critically appraise evidence once located. This course is a
lecture and seminar course that will focus on developing the skills need for evaluating,
critiquing, and consuming the literature germane to physical therapy practice. Current journal
articles, texts, and online resources will be used in the course to develop critical reading and
writing skills.
Evidence-Based Physiotherapy
An introduction about evidence-based Physiotherapy:
What do we mean by high quality clinical research?
What do we mean by patient preferences?
What do we mean by practice knowledge?
Additional factors
The process of clinical decision-making
Importance of evidence-based Physiotherapy:
For patients
For physiotherapists and the profession
For funders of physiotherapy services
History of Evidence-Based Health Care
Steps for practicing evidence-based Physiotherapy
What do we need to know?
Relevant clinical questions

164
Refining your question
Effects of intervention
Experiences
Prognosis
Diagnosis
What constitutes evidence?
Evidence about effects of interventions
Different forms of evidence
Different sources of evidence
Hierarchy of evidence
Research study design
Finding the Evidence
Search Strategies
The World Wide Web
Selecting search terms AND and OR
Finding Evidence of Effects of Interventions
PEDro
The Cochrane Library
Finding Evidence of Prognosis and Diagnostic Tests
Finding Evidence of Experiences
CINAHL
Pub Med
Getting full text
Finding evidence of advances in clinical
Practice (Browsing)
Trust upon Evidence
A process for critical appraisal of evidence
Critical appraisal of evidence about the Effects of intervention
Randomized trials
Systematic reviews of randomized trials
165
Critical appraisal of evidence about experiences
Critical appraisal of evidence about prognosis
Individual studies of prognosis
Systematic reviews of prognosis
Critical Appraisal of Evidence about Diagnostic Tests
Individual studies of diagnostic tests
Systematic reviews of diagnostic tests
Clinical Guidelines as a Resource for Evidence-Based Physiotherapy
What are clinical guidelines?
History of clinical guidelines and why they are important
Where can I find clinical guidelines?
How do I know if I can trust the recommendations in a clinical Guideline?
Scope and purpose
Stakeholder involvement
Rigor of development
Clarity and presentation
Applicability
Editorial independence
What do the results of the critical appraisal mean for my practice?
Legal Implications of Clinical Guidelines
Clinical guidelines or reasonable care: which do the courts consider more important?
Documenting the use of a clinical guideline in practice: legal implications
Reflections on the Future of Guideline Development
Who should develop clinical guidelines?
Collaboration in guideline development
Uniprofessional or multiprofessional guideline development?
Critical Thinking
The Benefit of Asking the Right Questions
What Are the Issue and the Conclusion?
What Are the Reasons?
What Words or Phrases Are Ambiguous?

166
What Are the Value Conflicts and Assumptions?
What Are the Descriptive Assumptions?
Are There Any Fallacies in the Reasoning?
How Good Is the Evidence: Intuition, Personal Experience?
Testimonials, and Appeals to Authority?
How Good Is the Evidence: Personal Observation, Research?
Studies, Case Examples, and Analogies
Are There Rival Causes?
Are the Statistics Deceptive?
What Significant Information Is Omitted?
What Reasonable Conclusions Are Possible?
Practice and Review
The Tone of Your Critical Thinking
Strategies for Effective Critical Thinking
PRACTICAL
Identify the different sources of evidence
Critically appraised topics (CAT)
How to evaluate web page
Ways of searching strategies for different databases
Selection of search terminology
Retrieving of articles from data bases

Practical Evidence based physiotherapy By, Rob Herbert, Gro Jamtdvedt, Judy
Mead& Kare Birger Hagen.
Asking the right question-A guide to critical thinking, 8th Edition By,
M.Neil.Browne& Stuart M Keeley
Additional reading material as assigned.
167
SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE III

PROFESSIONAL
SUPERVISION
FOCUS
WARDS
COMPETENCIES
Supervised by
trained PT
Evaluation,
Examination, and
Intervention
MSK (IPD/OPD;
surgical & nonsurgical)
Listed below
YEAR
4
Musculoskeletal
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
Course Description:
During this supervised clinical practice, students are responsible for successful execution of
examination, evaluation, and interventions relating to musculoskeletal disorders.
Students
become familiar with performance of these skills in all settings (inpatient and outpatient) as well
as on all types of conditions (surgical, non-surgical, pediatric and geriatric)
Students learn to objectively perform these skills under the supervision of trained physical
therapists. Student is required to keep a performance record of all listed competencies and
successfully perform on real patients during the final evaluation of the course.
Competencies:
Examination:
Based on best available evidence select examination tests and measures that are appropriate
for the patient/client.
Perform posture tests and measures of postural alignment and positioning.*
Perform gait, locomotion and balance tests including quantitative and qualitative measures
such as*:
o Balance during functional activities with or without the use of assistive, adaptive,
orthotic, protective, supportive, or prosthetic devices or equipment
o Balance (dynamic and static) with or without the use of assistive, adaptive, orthotic,
protective, supportive, or prosthetic devices or equipment
168
o Gait and locomotion during functional activities with or without the use of assistive,
adaptive, orthotic, protective, supportive, or prosthetic devices or equipment to
include:
Bed mobility
Transfers (level surfaces and floor)*
Wheelchair management
Uneven surfaces
Safety during gait, locomotion, and balance
o Perform gait assessment including step length, speed, characteristics of gait, and
abnormal gait patterns.
Characterize or quantify body mechanics during self-care, home management, work,

community, tasks, or leisure activities.
Characterize or quantify ergonomic performance during work (job/school/play)*:

o Dexterity and coordination during work
o Safety in work environment
o Specific work conditions or activities
o Tools, devices, equipment, and workstations related to work actions, tasks, or
activities
Characterize or quantify environmental home and work (job/school/play) barriers:

o Current and potential barriers
o Physical space and environment
o Community access
Observe self-care and home management (including ADL and IADL)*
Measure and characterize pain* to include:

o Pain, soreness, and nocioception
o Specific body parts
Recognize and characterize signs and symptoms of inflammation.
Perform musculoskeletal system tests and measures including:
A. Accessory movement tests

B. Anthropometrics
(1) Limb length
169
(2) Limb girth

(3) Body composition
C. Functional strength testing
D. Joint integrity*
E. Joint mobility*
F. Ligament laxity tests
G. Muscle length*
H. Muscle strength* including manual muscle testing, dynamometry, one repetition max
I. Palpation
J. Range of motion* including goniometric measurements
Perform orthotic tests and measures including*:
A. Components, alignment, fit, and ability to care for orthotic, protective, and supportive devices
and equipment.
B. Evaluate the need for orthotic, protective, and supportive devices used during functional
activities.
C. Remediation of impairments in body function and structure, activity limitations, and
participation restrictions with use of orthotic, protective, and supportive device.
D. Residual limb or adjacent segment, including edema, range of motion, skin integrity and
strength.
E. Safety during use of orthotic, protective, and supportive device.
Perform prosthetic tests and measures including*:
A. Alignment, fit, and ability to care for prosthetic device.

B. Prosthetic device use during functional activities.
participation restrictions, with use of prosthetic device.
D. Evaluation of residual limb or adjacent segment, including edema, range of motion, skin
integrity, and strength.
E. Safety during use of the prosthetic device.
Perform tests and measures for assistive and adaptive devices including*:
A. Assistive or adaptive devices and equipment use during functional activities.
170
B. Components, alignment, fit, and ability to care for the assistive or adaptive devices and
equipment.
participation restrictions with use of assistive or adaptive devices and equipment.
D. Safety during use of assistive or adaptive equipment.
Evaluation:
Clinical reasoning
Clinical decision making
1. Synthesize available data on a patient/client expressed in terms of the International
Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) model to include body functions and
structures, activities, and participation.
2. Use available evidence in interpreting the examination findings.
3. Verbalize possible alternatives when interpreting the examination findings.
4. Cite the evidence (patient/client history, lab diagnostics, tests and measures and scientific
literature) to support a clinical decision.
Diagnosis:
1. Integrate the examination findings to classify the patient/client problem in terms of body
functions and structures, and activities and participation (ie, practice patterns in the Guide)
2. Identify and prioritize impairments in body functions and structures, and activity limitations
and participation restrictions to determine specific body function and structure, and activities and
participation towards which the intervention will be directed.*
Prognosis:
1. Determine the predicted level of optimal functioning and the amount of time required to
achieve that level.*
2. Recognize barriers that may impact the achievement of optimal functioning within a predicted
time frame including*:
A. Age
B. Medication(s)
171
C. Socioeconomic status
D. Co-morbidities
E. Cognitive status
F. Nutrition
G. Social Support
H. Environment
Plan of Care:
Goal setting
Coordination of Care
Progression of care
Discharge
Design a Plan of Care

1. Write measurable functional goals (short-term and long-term) that are time referenced with
expected outcomes.
2. Consult patient/client and/or caregivers to develop a mutually agreed to plan of care.*
3. Identify patient/client goals and expectations.*
4. Identify indications for consultation with other professionals.*
5. Make referral to resources needed by the patient/client (assumes knowledge of referral
sources).*
6. Select and prioritize the essential interventions that are safe and meet the specified
functional goals and outcomes in the plan of care* (ie, (a) identify precautions and
contraindications, (b) provide evidence for patient-centered interventions that are identified
and selected, (c) define the specificity of the intervention (time, intensity, duration, and
frequency), and (d) set realistic priorities that consider relative time duration in conjunction
with family, caregivers, and other health care professionals).
7. Establish criteria for discharge based on patient goals and current functioning
and disability.*
1. Identify who needs to collaborate in the plan of care.
2. Identify additional patient/client needs that are beyond the scope of physical therapist
practice, level of experience and expertise, and warrant referral.*
172
3. Refer and discuss coordination of care with other health care professionals.*
4. Articulate a specific rational for a referral.
5. Advocate for patient/client access to services.
Progression of Care
1. Identify outcome measures of progress relative to when to progress the patient further.*
2. Measure patient/client response to intervention.*
3. Monitor patient/client response to intervention.
4. Modify elements of the plan of care and goals in response to changing patient/client status,
as needed.*
5. Make on-going adjustments to interventions according to outcomes including
environmental factors and personal factors and, medical therapeutic interventions.
6. Make accurate decisions regarding intensity and frequency when adjusting interventions in
the plan of care.
Discharge Plan
1. Re-examine patient/client if not meeting established criteria for discharge based on the
plan of care.
2. Differentiate between discharge of the patient/client, discontinuation of service, and
transfer of care with re-evaluation.*
3. Prepare needed resources for patient/client to ensure timely discharge, including follow-up
care.
4. Include patient/client and family/caregiver as a partner in discharge.*
5. Discontinue care when services are no longer indicated.
6. When services are still needed, seek resources and/or consult with others to identify
alternative resources that may be available.
7. Determine the need for equipment and initiate requests to obtain.
Interventions:
Safety, Emergency Care, CPR and First Aid
Standard Precautions
Body Mechanics and
Positioning
Categories of Interventions
173
o Safety, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Emergency Care, First Aid
Ensure patient safety and safe application of patient/client care.*
Perform first aid.*
Perform emergency procedures.*
Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).*
Precautions
1. Demonstrate appropriate sequencing of events related to universal precautions.*

2. Use Universal Precautions.
3. Determine equipment to be used and assemble all sterile and non-sterile materials.*
4. Use transmission-based precautions.
5. Demonstrate aseptic techniques.*
6. Apply sterile procedures.*
7. Properly discard soiled items.*
Body Mechanics and Positioning

1. Apply proper body mechanics (utilize, teach, reinforce, and observe).*
2. Properly position, drape, and stabilize a patient/client when providing physical therapy.*
Interventions
1. Coordination, communication, and documentation may include:
A. Addressing required functions:
(1) Establish and maintain an ongoing collaborative process of
decision-making with patients/clients, families, or caregivers prior
to initiating care and throughout the provision of services.*
(2) Discern the need to perform mandatory communication and
reporting (eg, incident reports, patient advocacy and abuse
reporting).
(3) Follow advance directives.
B. Admission and discharge planning.
C. Case management.
D. Collaboration and coordination with agencies, including:
(1) Home care agencies
(2) Equipment suppliers
174
(3) Schools
(4) Transportation agencies
(5) Payer groups
E. Communication across settings, including:
(1) Case conferences
(2) Documentation
(3) Education plans
F. Cost-effective resource utilization.
G. Data collection, analysis, and reporting of:
(1) Outcome data
(2) Peer review findings
(3) Record reviews
H. Documentation across settings, following APTAs Guidelines for Physical Therapy
Documentation, including:
(1) Elements of examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis, and
Intervention
(2) Changes in body structure and function, activities and
participation.
(3) Changes in interventions
(4) Outcomes of intervention
I. Interdisciplinary teamwork:
(1) Patient/client family meetings
(2) Patient care rounds
J. Referrals to other professionals or resources.*
K. Patient/client-related instruction may include:
A. Instruction, education, and training of patients/clients and caregivers regarding:
(1) Current condition, health condition, impairments in body structure
and function, and activity limitations, and participation restrictions)*
(2) Enhancement of performance
(3) Plan of care:
175
a. Risk factors for health condition, impairments in body structure and

function, and activity limitations, and participation restrictions.
b. Preferred interventions, alternative interventions, and alternative modes
of delivery
c. Expected outcomes
(4) Health, wellness, and fitness programs (management of risk factors)
(5) Transitions across settings
Therapeutic exercise may include performing:
A. Body mechanics and postural stabilization:

(1) Body mechanics training*
(2) Postural control training*
(3) Postural stabilization activities*
(4) Posture awareness training*
B. Flexibility exercises:
(1) Muscle lengthening*
(2) Range of motion*
(3) Stretching*
C. Gait and locomotion training*:
(1) Developmental activities training*
(2) Gait training*
(3) Device training*
(4) Perceptual training*
(5) Basic wheelchair training*
D. Strength, power, and endurance training for head, neck, limb, and trunk*:
(1) Active
assistive,
active,
and
resistive
exercises
(including
concentric,
dynamic/isotonic, eccentric, isokinetic, isometric, and plyometric exercises)

(2) Aquatic programs*
(3) Task-specific performance training
E. Strength, power, and endurance training for pelvic floor:
176
(1) Active (Kegel)

F. Strength, power, and endurance training for ventilatory muscles:
(1) Active and resistive
G. Manual therapy techniques may include:
A. Passive range of motion
B. Massage:
(1) Connective tissue massage
(2) Therapeutic massage
C. Manual traction*
D. Mobilization/manipulation:
(1) Soft tissue* (thrust and nonthrust*)
(2) Spinal and peripheral joints* (thrust and nonthrust*)
Functional training in self-care and home management may include*:
Functional training in work (job/school/play), community, and leisure integration or

reintegration may include*:
o Activities of daily living (ADL) training:
(1) Bed mobility and transfer training*
(2) Age appropriate functional skills
o Barrier accommodations or modifications*
o Device and equipment use and training:
(1) Assistive and adaptive device or equipment training during ADL (specifically
for bed mobility and transfer training, gait and locomotion, and dressing)*
(2) Orthotic, protective, or supportive device or equipment training during selfcare and home management*
(3) Prosthetic device or equipment training during ADL (specifically for bed
mobility and transfer training, gait and locomotion, and dressing)*
o Functional training programs*:
(1) Simulated environments and tasks*
(2) Task adaptation
o Injury prevention or reduction:
(1) Safety awareness training during self-care and home management*
177
(2) Injury prevention education during self-care and home management

(3) Injury prevention or reduction with use of devices and equipment
Prescription, application, and, as appropriate, fabrication of devices and equipment

may include*:
o Adaptive devices*:
(1) Hospital beds
(2) Raised toilet seats
(3) Seating systems prefabricated
o Assistive devices*:
(1) Canes
(2) Crutches
(3) Long-handled reachers
(4) Static and dynamic splints prefabricated
(5) Walkers
(6) Wheelchairs
o Orthotic devices*:
(1) Prefabricated braces
(2) Prefabricated shoe inserts
(3) Prefabricated splints
o Prosthetic devices (lower-extremity)*
o Protective devices*:
(1) Braces
(2) Cushions
(3) Helmets
(4) Protective taping
o Supportive devices*:
(1) Prefabricated compression garments
(2) Corsets
(3) Elastic wraps
(4) Neck collars
(5) Slings
178
(6) Supplemental oxygen - apply and adjust

(7) Supportive taping
Electrotherapeutic modalities may include:

A. Biofeedback*
B. Electrotherapeutic delivery of medications (eg, iontophoresis)*
C. Electrical stimulation*:
(1) Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)*
(2) Functional electrical stimulation (FES)
(3) High voltage pulsed current (HVPC)
(4) Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)
(5) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Physical agents and mechanical modalities may include: Physical agents:

A. Cryotherapy*:
(1) Cold packs
(2) Ice massage
(3) Vapocoolant spray
B. Hydrotherapy*:
(1) Contrast bath
(2) Pools
(3) Whirlpool tanks*
C. Sound agents*:
(1) Phonophoresis*
(2) Ultrasound*
D. Thermotherapy*:
(1) Dry heat
(2) Hot packs*
(3) Paraffin baths*
Mechanical modalities:
A. Compression therapies (prefabricated)*
(1) Compression garments
Skill Category Description of Minimum Skills

179
(2) Vasopneumatic compression devices*

(3) Taping
(4) Compression bandaging (excluding lymphedema)
B. Gravity-assisted compression devices:
(1) Standing frame*
(2) Tilt table*
C. Mechanical motion devices*:
(1) Continuous passive motion (CPM)*
D. Traction devices*:
(1) Intermittent
(2) Positional
(3) Sustained
180
SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE IV

PROFESSIONAL
SUPERVISION
FOCUS
WARDS
COMPETENCIES
Supervised by
trained PT
Evaluation,
Examination, and
Intervention
Neurological
(IPD/OPD;
Listed below
YEAR
4
Neurological
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
Course Description:
examination, evaluation, and interventions relating to neurological disorders. Students become
familiar with performance of these skills in all settings (inpatient and outpatient) as well as on all
types of conditions (surgical, non-surgical, pediatric and geriatric.) Students learn to objectively
perform these skills under the supervision of trained physical therapists. Student is required to
keep a performance record of all listed competencies and successfully perform on real patients
during the final evaluation of the course.
Competencies:
Examination:
such as*:
181
include:
Bed mobility
Uneven surfaces


activities

o Community access

Perform neurological tests and measures including:
182
1. Perform arousal, attention and cognition tests and measures to characterize or quantify
(including standardized tests and measures)*:
A. Arousal
B. Attention
C. Orientation
D. Processing and registration of information
E. Retention and recall
F. Communication/language
2. Perform cranial and peripheral nerve integrity tests and measures*:
A. Motor distribution of the cranial nerves (eg, muscle tests, observations)
B. Motor distribution of the peripheral nerves (eg, dynamometry, muscle tests,
observations, thoracic outlet tests)
C. Response to neural provocation (e.g. tension test, vertebral artery compression tests)
D. Response to stimuli, including auditory, gustatory, olfactory, pharyngeal, vestibular,
and visual (eg, observations, provocation tests)
3. Perform motor function tests and measures to include*:
A. Dexterity, coordination, and agility
B. Initiation, execution, modulation and termination of movement patterns and voluntary
postures
4. Perform neuromotor development and sensory integration tests and measures to characterize
or quantify*:
A. Acquisition and evolution of motor skills, including age-appropriate development
B. Sensorimotor integration, including postural responses, equilibrium, and righting
reactions
5. Perform tests and measures for reflex integrity including*:
A. Deep reflexes (eg, myotatic reflex scale, observations, reflex tests)
B. Postural reflexes and reactions, including righting, equilibrium and protective
reactions
C. Primitive reflexes and reactions, including developmental
D. Resistance to passive stretch
E. Superficial reflexes and reactions
183
F. Resistance to velocity dependent movement

6. Perform sensory integrity tests and measures that characterize or quantify including*:
A. Light touch
B. Sharp/dull
C. Temperature
D. Deep pressure
E. Localization
F. Vibration
G. Deep sensation
H. Stereognosis
I. Graphesthesia
Evaluation:
Clinical reasoning
Diagnosis:
184
Prognosis:
A. Age
B. Medication(s)
D. Co-morbidities
E. Cognitive status
F. Nutrition
G. Social Support
H. Environment
Plan of Care:
Goal setting
Progression of care
Discharge

expected outcomes.
sources).*
185
and disability.*
Progression of Care
as needed.*
the plan of care.
Discharge Plan
plan of care.
care.
186
Interventions:
Body Mechanics and
Positioning
Perform first aid.*
Precautions


Interventions
187

reporting).
C. Case management.
(3) Schools
(5) Payer groups
(2) Documentation
(3) Education plans
(1) Outcome data
(3) Record reviews
Intervention
participation.
188

(3) Plan of care:
of delivery

o Balance*, coordination*, and agility training:
(2) Motor function (motor control and motor learning) training orretraining
(3) Neuromuscular education or reeducation*
(4) Perceptual training
(5) Posture awareness training*
(6) Sensory training or retraining
(7) Standardized, programmatic approaches
(8) Task-specific performance training
o Neuromotor development training:

(2) Motor training
189
(3) Movement pattern training

(4) Neuromuscular education or reeducation*
o Functional training in self-care and home management may include*:
o Functional training in work (job/school/play), community, and leisure integration or
Activities of daily living (ADL) training:

Barrier accommodations or modifications*
Device and equipment use and training:

(1) Assistive and adaptive device or equipment training during ADL
(specifically for bed mobility and transfer training, gait and locomotion, and
dressing)*
(2) Orthotic, protective, or supportive device or equipment training during
self-care and home management*

(2) Task adaptation
Prescription, application, and, as appropriate, fabrication of devices and equipment

may include*:
(1) Hospital beds
190
(1) Canes
(2) Crutches
(5) Walkers
(6) Wheelchairs
(1) Braces
(2) Cushions
(3) Helmets
(2) Corsets
(3) Elastic wraps
(4) Neck collars
(5) Slings

A. Biofeedback*
191


A. Cryotherapy*:
(1) Cold packs
(2) Ice massage
B. Hydrotherapy*:
(1) Contrast bath
(2) Pools
C. Sound agents*:
(1) Phonophoresis*
(2) Ultrasound*
D. Thermotherapy*:
(1) Dry heat
(2) Hot packs*
(3) Paraffin baths*

(3) Taping
(1) Standing frame*
(2) Tilt table*
192
(1) Intermittent
(2) Positional
(3) Sustained
193
FINAL PROFESSIONAL YEAR

1. PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT-II:
CARDIOPULMONARY, OBS-GYNEA, INTEGUMENTRY
& MANUAL PHYSICAL THERAPY
2. CLINICAL DECISION MAKING & DIFFERENTIAL
DIAGNOSIS
3. SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY, RESEARCH METHODOLOGY &
RESEARCH PROJECT
4. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE (LAWS , ETHICS,
ADMINISTRATION) & COMMUNITY BASED
REHABILITATION
5. PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT-III:
PAEDIATRIC, GERIATRIC, SPORTS & PROSTHETICS &
ORTHOTICS PHYSICAL THERAPY
6. SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE V, VI
Total Marks: 700
194
PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT-II
Physiotherapy Treatment II
THEORY HOURS
400
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
500
Total Marks: 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Physiotherapy Treatment shall consist of one Theory paper of
three hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Physiotherapy Treatment and there
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Physiotherapy Treatment will consist of maximum 90
CARDIOPULMONARY PHYSICAL THERAPY

Course Description:
This course includes a study of anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and
lymphatic systems and pathological changes of the systems and function, including diagnostic
tests and measurements. This course discuss relevant testes and measures for determining
impairment and differentiating the diagnosis based on the specificity and sensitivity of the
assessment instruments as related to patients with cardiovascular, pulmonary, and lymphatic
systems disorders. The use of evidence-based physical therapy intervention for cardiovascular,
pulmonary, and lymphatic systems disorders is emphasized Topics will focus on medical
195
Detailed course outline

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY REGARDING CARDIOPULMONARY SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Patho-physiology
Ischemic Cardiac Condition
Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction
Restrictive Lung Dysfunction
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and procedures
Electro cardio-graphy
Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
Surgical Interventions, Monitoring and Support
Cardiovascular and Thoracic interventions
Thoracic Organ Transplantation; Heart, Lung, and heart-Lung
Monitoring and Life-Support Equipment
Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Medications
Pulmonary Medications
Cardiopulmonary Assessment and Intervention
Assessment Procedures
Treatment of Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions
Therapeutic Interventions in Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention
Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Outcome Measures
196
The needs of specific patients

Intensive care for the critically ill adult
Assessment of the critically ill patient in the intensive care unit (ICU)
Mechanical ventilation - implications for physiotherapy
Musculoskeletal problems
Patient groups with specific needs
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Inhalation burns
Trauma
Neurological conditions requiring intensive care
Physiotherapy techniques
Emergency situations
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Definition and aims of pulmonary rehabilitation
Benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation
Setting up pulmonary rehabilitation
Resources
Selection of patients
Patient assessment for pulmonary rehabilitation
Structure of pulmonary rehabilitation
Pulmonary rehabilitation team
Exercise component
Outcome measures
Cardiac rehabilitation
Introduction
Goals of cardiac rehabilitation
Cardiac rehabilitation team
Role of the physiotherapist

197
Rationale for cardiac rehabilitation
Early ambulation
Exercise training
Secondary prevention
Education
Manifestations of ischaemic heart disease
Cardiac arrest
Angina pectoris
Myocardial infarction
Cardiac surgery
Drugs to control the cardiovascular system
Physiotherapy
Assessment
Recording
Treatment
Outcome evaluation
Complications of exercise
Other considerations
The older patient
Cardiac failure
Valvular heart disease
Congenital heart disease
Compliance
Cost-effectiveness
Legal aspects
Cardiopulmonary transplantation
Introduction
Assessment
The transplantation process
Donors
Operative procedures
198
Postoperative care
Rejection of the transplanted organs
Immunosuppression
Infections
Special considerations for the physiotherapist
Denervation of the heart/lungs
Immunosuppression
Infection/rejection
Physiotherapy management
Hyperventilation
Introduction
Signs and symptoms
Causes of hyperventilation
Personality
Diagnostic tests
Breathing patterns
Treatment
The assessment
Treatment plan
Breathing education
Breathing pattern re-education
Compensatory procedures in the short term
Planned rebreathing
Speech
Home programme
Exercise and fitness programmes
Group therapy
Bronchiectasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis
Bronchiectasis
Medical management
199
Physiotherapy
Evaluation of physiotherapy
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Medical management
Physiotherapy
Cystic fibrosis
Medical management
Physiotherapy
Continuity of care
Recommended Text Book:
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy (2nd Edition)By Hillegass and

Sadowsky
Physiotherapy for respiratory and cardiac problems, By: Jennifer A. Pryor & Barbara A.
Webber, 2nd edition, Churchill Livingstone.
Tidys Physiotherapy by Thomas A Skinner & Piercy
Therapeutics Exercises and Technique by Carolyn Kisner & Laynn Allen Colby 4th 5th
edition
Cashs Text book of General Medical & Surgical Condition for Physiotherapists by
Patrica A. Downie
Cashs Textbook of chest , heart and vascular condition for physiotherapist by Patrica A.
Downie
200
GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS PHYSICAL THERAPY

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course intends to provide Introduction to physical therapy practice for evaluation and
treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction and an Introduction to physical therapy practice for
evaluation and treatment of problems related to pregnancy, osteoporosis, and other disorders
specific to women. Topics will focus on medical terminology, clinical examination, evaluation,
comparing contemporary, traditional interventions and the impact of evolving technology in this
area.
Medical Terminology Regarding gynecology, obstetrics and womens health
Anatomy
Physiology of pregnancy
Physical and physiological changes of labour and the peurperium
The antenatal period
Relieving the discomforts of pregnancy
Preparation of labour
Postnatal period
The climacteric
Common gynecological conditions
Gynecological surgery
Urinary function and dysfunction
Bowel and anorectal function and dysfunction
Oncological Issue with Womens Health

Management of breast cancer
Management of lymph odema
Special Topic in Womens Health
Female athletes
Exercise issues and aging
Aquatic therapy services in women health
201
Physical therapy management for women with long term physical disabilities
Recommended text books
Physiotherapy in Obstetrics and Gynecology By: Jill Mantle, Jeanette Haslam, Sue
Barton, 2nd edition.
Textbook of Physiotherapy for Obstetricic and Gynaecological Conditions (Paperback)

By (author) G.B. Madhur
INTEGUMENTARY PHYSICAL THERAPY
Course Description:
This course includes a study of anatomy and physiology of the Integumentary system and
pathological changes of the system and function, including diagnostic tests and measurements.
The use of evidence-based physical therapy intervention for Integumentary conditions is
emphasized. Topics will focus on comparing contemporary and traditional interventions and the
impact of evolving technology in this area. Topics will focus on medical terminology, clinical
examination, evaluation, comparing contemporary, traditional interventions and the impact of
evolving technology in this area.
Medical Terminology Regarding Cardiopulmonary System

Wound Care Concepts
Quality of Life and Ethical Issues
Regulation and wound Care
Skin, an Essential Organ
Acute and Chronic Wound Healing
Wound assessment
Wound Bioburden
Wound Debridement
202
Wound Treatment Options
Nutrition and wound care
Seating, Positioning and support surfaces
Pain Management and wounds
Wound Classifications and Management Strategies
Pressure Ulcers
Vascular Ulcers
Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Sickle Cell Ulcers
Wounds in special Populations
Complex wounds
Atypical Wounds
Wound Care; where we were, where we are, and where we are going
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK
Wound Care Essentials, practice principles, By Sharon Baranoski & Elizabeth A. Ayello
APTA. Guide to Physical Therapy Practice: Revised second edition. Alexandria, VA:
American Physical Therapy Association; 2003. ISBN: 978-1-887759-85-
MANUAL THERAPY
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Through the utilization of instruction, demonstration, practical exercises, research article critical
review and case study discussions and presentations this course will provide an introduction to
the best evidence in state of the art advanced manual therapy. A BRIEF overall review of all
Manual Therapy techniques, along with manual therapy techniques covering spine and TemporoMandibular joint, will take place. Techniques briefly covered are: advanced myofascial trigger
point therapy, Proprioceptive training, muscle energy combination techniques, strain counter
203
strain, neuromobilization combination techniques and mobilization, manipulation techniques

with emphasis on thrust manipulation. Thorough evaluation, assessment and technique brief
overview of selection training will take place utilizing evidence based models such as APTAs
Open Door and Hooked in Evidence programs. All skills will be introduced through on-site
demonstration and hands-on practice. Students will also get exposure in critical review of
research articles pertaining to application of manual therapy techniques. Case review, discussion
and case presentations are an important component of this course
INTRODUCTION TO MANUAL THERAPY

OMT (ORTHOPEDIC MANUAL THERAPY) KALTENBORN-EVJENTH CONCEPT
History
Special features
Overview
PRINCIPLES
SPINAL MOVEMENT
The mobile segment
Spinal range of movement
Joint positioning for evaluation and treatment
Three-dimensional joint positioning
Resting position
Actual resting position
Nonresting positions
Joint locking
Bone and joint movement
Rotations of a vertebral bone
Standard bone movements
Combined bone movements
Coupled movements
Noncoupled movements
Joint roll-gliding associated with bone rotations

204
Joint roll-gliding
Abnormal roll-gliding
Translation of vertebral bone
Joint play associated with bone translation
TRANSLATORIC JOINT PLAY
The Kaltenbom Treatment Plane
Translatoric Joint Play Movements
Determining the direction of restricted gliding
Glide test
Kaltenbom Convex-Concave Rule
Grades of translatoric movement
Normal grades of translatoric movement (Grades I - III)
Palpating resistance to normal movement
Pathological grades of translatoric movement
Using translatoric grades of movement
TESTS OF FUNCTION
Principles of function testing
Assessing quantity of movement
Measuring rotatoric movement with a device
Manual grading of rotatoric movement ( - scale)
Assessing quality of movement
Quality of movement to the first stop
End-feel: Quality of movement after the first stop
Elements of function testing
Active and passive rotatoric movements
Testing rotatoric movement
Localization tests
Differentiating articular from extra-articular dysfunction
Differentiating muscle shortening from muscle spasm
Translatoric joint play tests
205
Resisted movements
Passive soft tissue movements
Additional tests
OMT EVALUATION
Goals of the OMT evaluation
Physical diagnosis
Indications and contraindications
Measuring progress
Elements of the OMT evaluation
Screening exam
Detailed exam
History
inspection
Tests of function
Palpation
Neurologic and vascular tests
Medical diagnostic studies
Diagnosis and trial treatment
SPINAL JOINT MOBILIZATION
Goals of joint mobilization
Mobilization techniques
Pain relief mobilization
Pain-relief traction mobilization (Grade I -IISZ)
Vibrations and oscillations
Relaxation mobilization
Relaxation-traction mobilization (Grade I -II)
Stretch mobilization
Stretch-traction mobilization (Grade III)
Stretch-glide mobilization (Grade /)
Manipulation
206
If traction exacerbates symptoms
A voiding high-risk manual treatment
Rotation mobilization
Joint compression
OMT TREATMENT
Elements of OMT
Treatment to relieve symptoms
Immobilization
Thermo-Hydro-Electric (T-H-E) therapy
Pain-relief mobilization
Special procedures for pain relief
Treatment to increase mobility
Soft tissue mobilization
Passive soft tissue mobilization
Active-facilitated soft tissue mobilization
Muscle stretching principles
Joint mobilization to increase mobility
Neural tissue mobilization
Specialized exercise to increase mobility
Treatment to limit movement
To inform, instruct and train
Research
SPINAL SYNDROMES
Notes on spinal syndromes
Cervical syndromes
Thoracic syndromes
Lumbar syndromes
Neurologic evaluation of nerve root syndromes
Sensory innervation of the skin
Sensory innervation of deep structures
207
Motor innervation
Common nerve root syndromes
MANUAL THERAPY ASSESSMENT
The Maitlands and Mulligan concept

Subjective examination
Physical examination
Examination of the temporomandibular joint
Examination of the upper cervical spine
Examination of the cervicothoracic spine
Examination of the thoracic spine
Examination of the lumbar spine
THE SUBJECTIVE EXAMINATION STEP BY STEP
Introduction
Body chart
Behavior of symptoms
Special questions
History of the present condition (HPC)
Past medical history (PM H)
Social and family history (SH, FH)
Plan of the physical examination
Case scenarios
Counterfeit clinical presentations
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION STEP BY STEP
Introduction
Observation
Joint tests
Muscle tests
Neurological tests
Special tests
208
Functional ability
Palpation
Accessory movements
Completion of the physical examination
TECHNIQUES
TECHNIQUE PRINCIPLES
Learning manual techniques
Applying manual techniques
Objective
Starting position
Patient's position
Therapist's position
Hand placement and fixation/stabilization
Grip
Therapist 's stable hand
Therapist's moving hand
Procedure
Joint pre-positioning
Mobilization technique
Symbols
Recording
Identifying an intervertebral segment
The Star Diagram
PELVIS
Functional anatomy and movement
Notes on evaluation and treatment
Pelvis tests and mobilizations
LUMBAR SPINE
209
Lumbar tests and mobilizations
THORACIC SPINE AND RIBS
Thoracic tests and mobilizations
CERVICAL SPINE
Cervical tests and mobilizations
UPPER CERVICAL SPINE
Upper cervical tests and mobilizations
JAW
Jaw examination scheme
Jaw tests and mobilizations
SPINAL MOBILIZATIONS
THE CERVICAL AND UPPER THORACIC SPINES
NAGS
REVERSE NAGS
SNAGS
SELF SNAGS
Spinal Mobilization with arm Movement
Other mobilization with movement techniques (MWMS) for the Cervical and Upper
Thoracic Spines
THE UPPER CERVICAL SPINE SPECIAL TECHNIQUES
The acute Wry Neck
210
Headaches
Vertigo, Nausea and other vertebral artery Signs
THE LUMBAR SPINE
SNAGS
SELF SNAGS
THE SACROILIAC JOINTS ( S/I) JOINTS

THE THORACIC SPINE
THE RIB CAGE
INTEGRATIVE MANUAL THERAPY
Postural Compensations of the spine

Muscle Energy and 'Beyond' Technique for the spine
Treatment of spine Hypertonicity for Synergic Pattern
Release with Strain and Counter strain Technique
Myofascial Release
Tendon Release Therapy for Treatment of Tendon Tissue Tension with Advanced Strain
and Counter strain Technique
Ligaments: a Tensile Force Guidance System: Treatment with Ligament Fiber Therapy
Procedures and Protocols to correct spinal Dysfunction with Integrative Manual Therapy
PRACTICAL/ CLINICAL TRAINING:
In the laboratory sessions, Supervised evaluation and manual therapy treatment techniques will
be demonstrated and practiced, including joint and soft-tissue mobilization, manipulations, and
posture and movement retraining in the physiotherapy clinic/Ward and Orthopaedic clinic/Ward,
Indoor as well as outdoor. Various reflective case studies related to manual therapy of the spine
and TM joint will be assigned to the students.
Note:
211
Manual Mobilization of the Joints The Kaltenborn Method of Joint Examination

and Treatment Volume I The Extremities By: Freddy M. Kaltenbom in
collaboration with Olaf Evjenth, Traudi Baldauf Kaltenbom, Dennis Morgan,
and Eileen Vollowitz ,OPTP Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Manual Therapy By: Ola Grimsby, the Ola Grimsby institute San Diego.
Integrative Manual therapy for the upper and lower extremities By: Sharon
weiselfish, North Atlantic books Berkeley, California.
Orthopedic manual therapy an evidence-based approach by: Chad Cook
Orthopaedic Manual Therapy Diagnosis Spine and Temporomandibular Joints

By: Aad van der
Translatoric Spinal Manipulation By: John R. Krauss, Olaf Evjenth, and Doug
Creighton John R. Krauss A Lakeview Media L. L.C. Publication
Neuromusculoskeletal Examination and Assessment A Handbook for Therapists

By: Nicola J Petty, Ann P Moore &G D Maitland, Second Edition Churchill
Livingstone
Myofascial Manipulation Theory and Clinical Application, Second Edition By:

Robert I. Cantu, Alan J. Grodin an Aspen Publication Aspen Publishers, Inc.
Gaithersburg, Maryland 2001
Maitland's Vertebral Manipulation Seventh Edition By: Geoffrey D. Maitland
Musculoskeletal manual medicine, diagnosis and treatment by Jiri Dovark,

Vaclav Dovark, Werneir Schneider etc
Manual therapy, NAGS, SNAGS, MWMS etc by Brian R Mulligan fifth edition
212
CLINICAL DECISION MAKING

& DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
THEORY HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
Clinical Decision Making & Differential Diagnosis
Total Marks: 100
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Clinical Decision Making & Differential Diagnosis shall
consist of one Theory paper of three hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Clinical Decision Making &
Differential Diagnosis and there will be no choice. Each short essay question will carry 05
marks.
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The course will cover the principles and methods of clinical screening in physical therapy
practice.
basic
format
for
musculoskeletal,
neuromuscular,
Integumentary,
and
cardiopulmonary screening in physical therapy will be presented, with a focus on differential

diagnosis within the scope of physical therapy practice, and incorporation of the role of the
physical therapist as it interfaces with the role of the physician. A clarification of red-flags that
differentiate a systemic condition from a neuromusculoskeletal condition will be a continuing
theme throughout the course. Decision-making skills related to physical therapy will be
emphasized through the use of patient case scenarios with a focus on when to treat, and when to
refer. Strategies to effectively and appropriately communicate with health care colleagues and
patients regarding medical diagnostic information and medical status will be introduced.
SCREENING AND INTERVIEWING, THE PT SCOPE OF PRACTICE: TO REFER OR

TREAT?
213
INTRODUCTION TO SCREENING FOR REFERRAL IN PHYSICAL THERAPY,

Reasons to Screen
Screenings and Surveillance
Diagnosis by the Physical Therapist
Differential Diagnosis Versus Screening
Direct Access
Decision-Making Process
Case Examples and Case Studies
INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERVIEWING PROCESS
Concepts in Communication
Cultural Competence
The Screening Interview
Subjective Examination
Core Interview
Hospital Inpatient Information
Physician Referral
OVERVIEW OF THE PHYSIOLOGY OF PAIN AND SYSTEMIC CAUSES OF PAIN
Mechanisms of Referred Visceral Pain
Multisegmental Innervations
Assessment of Pain and Symptoms
Sources of Pain
Types of Pain
Comparison of Systemic Versus Musculoskeletal Pain
Patterns
Characteristics of Viscerogenic Pain,
Screening for Emotional and Psychologic Overlay
Screening for Systemic Versus Psychogenic
Symptoms
Physician Referral
PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT AS A SCREENING TOOL
214
General Survey
Techniques of Physical Examination
Integumentary Screening Examination
Nail Bed Assessment
Lymph Node Palpation
Musculoskeletal Screening Examination
Neurologic Screening Examination
Regional Screening Examination
Systems Review
Physician Referral
SCREENING FOR HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE
Signs and Symptoms of Hematologic Disorders
Classification of Blood Disorders
Physician Referral
SCREENING FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiac Pathophysiology
Cardiovascular Disorders
Laboratory Values
SCREENING FOR THE EFFECTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICATIONS
Physician Referral
SCREENING FOR PULMONARY DISEASE
Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disorders
Inflammatory/Infectious Disease
Genetic Disease of the Lung
Occupational Lung Diseases
Pleuropulmonary Disorders
Physician Referral
SCREENING FOR GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE
Signs and Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Disorders

215
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Physician Referral
SCREENING FOR HEPATIC AND BILIARY DISEASE
Hepatic and Biliary Signs and Symptoms
Hepatic and Biliary Pathophysiology
Gallbladder and Duct Diseases
Physician Referral
SCREENING FOR UROGENITAL DISEASE
Signs and Symptoms of Renal and Urological Disorders,
The Urinary Tract
Renal and Urological Pain
Renal and Urinary Tract Problems
Physician Referral
SCREENING FOR ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISEASE
Associated Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Signs and Symptoms
Endocrine Pathophysiology
Introduction to Metabolism
Physician Referral
SCREENING FOR IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASE
Using the Screening Model
Immune System Pathophysiology
Physician Referral
Screening for Cancer
Cancer Statistics
Risk Factor Assessment
Cancer Prevention
Major Types of Cancer
Metastases
Clinical Manifestations of Malignancy

216
Oncologic Pain
Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
Cancers of the Musculoskeletal System
Primary Central Nervous System Tumors
Cancers of the Blood and Lymph System
Physician Referral
SCREENING THE HEAD, NECK, AND BACK
Using the Screening Model to Evaluate the Head, Neck, or Back,
Location of Pain and Symptoms
Sources of Pain and Symptoms
Screening for Oncologic Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Cardiac Causes of Neck and Back Pain
Screening for Peripheral Vascular Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Pulmonary Causes of Neck and Back Pain
Screening for Renal and Urologic Causes of Back Pain,
Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Liver and Biliary Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Gynecologic Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Male Reproductive Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Infectious Causes of Back Pain
Physician Referral
SCREENING THE SACRUM, SACROILIAC, AND PELVIS
The Sacrum and Sacroiliac Joint
The Coccyx
The Pelvis
Physician Referral
SCREENING THE LOWER QUADRANT: BUTTOCK, HIP, GROIN, THIGH, AND

LEG
Using the Screening Model to Evaluate the Lower Quadrant
Trauma as a Cause of Hip, Groin, or Lower Quadrant Pain

217
Screening for Systemic Causes of Sciatica
Screening for Oncologic Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Screening for Urologic Causes of Buttock, Hip, Groin, or Thigh Pain
Screening for Male Reproductive Causes of Groin Pain
Screening for Infectious and Inflammatory Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Screening for Vascular Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Screening for Other Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Physician Referral
SCREENING THE CHEST, BREASTS, AND RIBS
Using the Screening Model to Evaluate the Chest, Breasts, or Ribs
Screening for Oncologic Causes of Chest or Rib Pain
Screening for Cardiovascular Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Pleuropulmonary Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Breast Conditions that Cause Chest or Breast Pain
Screening for Other Conditions as a Cause of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Musculoskeletal Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Neuromuscular or Neurologic Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Physician Referral
SCREENING THE SHOULDER AND UPPER EXTREMITY
Using the Screening Model to Evaluate Shoulder and Upper Extremity
Screening for Pulmonary Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Cardiac Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Liver and Biliary Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Rheumatic Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Infectious Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Oncologic Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Gynecologic Causes of Shoulder Pain

218
Physician Referral

Goodman CC, Snyder TEK. Differential Diagnostics for Physical Therapists:
Screening for Referral. Saint Louis, MO: Saunders: Elsevier; 2006. ISBN: 9780-7216-0619-4
APTA. Guide to Physical Therapy Practice: Revised second edition. Alexandria,
VA: American Physical Therapy Association; 2003. ISBN: 978-1-887759-85 Additional readings as assigned by the instructors
219
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY, RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

& RESEARCH PROJECT
Scientific Inquiry, Research Methods & Research Project
Total Marks: 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Scientific Inquiry, Research Methodology shall consist of one
Theory Paper of three hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of
10 Marks.
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Research Methodology and there will
be no choice. Each short essay question will carry 05 marks.
Oral Examination on the research report will be of maximum 90 marks.
Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks
THEORY HOURS
250
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
350
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course includes discussion on basic quantitative methods and designs, including concepts of
reliability and validity, interpretation of inferential statistics related to research designs, co
relational statistic & designs, interclass correlation coefficients, and critical appraisal of the
literature.
Research Fundamentals:
Rehabilitation Research
Theory in Rehabilitation Research
Research Ethics
Research Design:
220
Research Problems, Questions, and Hypotheses
Research Paradigms
Design Overview
Research Validity
Experimental Designs:
Group Designs
Single-System Design
Non experimental Research:
Overview of Non experimental Research
Clinical Case Reports
Qualitative Research
Epidemiology
Outcomes Research
Survey Research
Measurement:
Measurement Theory
Methodological Research
Data Analysis:
Statistical Reasoning
Statistical Analysis of Diffrences; The basics
Statistical Analysis of Diffrences; Advanced and special Techniques
Statistical Analysis of Relationships; The basics
Statistical Analysis of Relationships; Advanced and special Techniques
Being a Consumer
Locating the Literature
Evaluating Evidence One Article at a time
Synthesizing Bodies of Evidence
Implementing Research:
Implementing a Research Project
Publishing and Presenting Research

221
PRACTICAL
Literature review
Preparation, presentation and defence of research proposal
Poster presentation
RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOK:
Essentials of clinical research By Stephan P. Glasser
Rehabilitation Research (Principles and Applications) 3rd Edition By Elizabeth Domholdt
222
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN PHYSICAL THERAPY

& COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITATION
Professional Practice & Community Based Rehabilitation
Total Marks : 100
The examination in the paper of Professional Practice & Community Based

Rehabilitation shall consist of one Theory Paper of 90 marks and three hours duration.
Section I: Professional Practice = 50 Marks
Section II: Community Based Rehabilitation = 50 marks
THEORY HOURS
50
TOTAL HOURS
50
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The course will discuss the role, responsibility, ethics administration issues and accountability of
the physical therapists. The course will also cover the change in the profession to the doctoral
level and responsibilities of the professional to the profession, the public and to the health care
team. The topic of health care system in Pakistan with comparison with current health system
abroad will be discussed too.
THE PHYSICAL THERAPIST AS PROFESSIONAL
What does professional mean?

223
Preliminary definitions of profession and professional
Sociological perspective
Structural approach
Processual approach
Characteristics of professions cited in the literature
Power approach
Dimensions of occupation & profession
Autonomy, self-regulation of ethical standards, and accountability
Privileges of autonomous practice in 2020
Self-regulation of ethical standards
Accountability of professionals
Individual professionalismprofessionalism without professions?
The history of a profession
Professional recognition
Contemporary practice issues
A vision for the future
The doctorate in physical therapy
Perspective of the profession
Perspective of the practitioner
Direct access issue
Selected curriculum requirements from evaluative criteria for physical therapist
Plan of care
Social responsibility
Career development
Physical therapy practice patterns
Components of a practice pattern
Important factors that affect health
THE FIVE ROLES OF THE PHYSICAL THERAPIST

The physical therapist as patient/client manager
evaluation and diagnosis

224
Diagnosis as clinical decision making
Prognosis
Discharge planning and discontinuance of care
Discontinuance of care
Outcomes
Referral relationships
Interpersonal relationships
Ethical and legal issues
Informed consent
Managed care and fidelity
The physical therapist as consultant
Physical therapy consultation
Building a consulting business
The consulting process
The skills of a good consultant
Trust in the consultant/client relationship
Ethical and legal issues in consultation
Components of a consulting agreement
The physical therapist as critical inquirer
History of critical inquiry
Evidence-based medicine
Outcomes research
Whose responsibility is research?
Roles of the staff physical therapist in critical inquiry
Collaboration in clinical research
Ethical and legal issues in critical inquiry
The physical therapist as educator
History of physical therapy education
Contemporary educational roles of the physical therapist

225
Teaching opportunities in continuing education
Academic teaching opportunities
Theories of teaching and learning in professional education
Ethical and legal issues in physical therapy education
THE PHYSICAL THERAPIST AS ADMINISTRATOR
History of physical therapy administration
Contemporary physical therapy administration
Patient/client management
First-line management
Midlevel managers and chief executive officers
Leadership
Ethical and legal issues
Professional development, competence, and expertise
Lifelong process of skill enhancement
The professional development continuum: from competence to expertise
Activities that promote professional development
Evaluation of competence and professional development
Professional development planning
Possible evaluators of professional achievement
Career advancement
Organizational impact on professional development
FUTURE CHALLENGES IN PHYSICAL THERAPY
Physical therapys moral mission
The future in three realms, individual, institutional& societal.
Professionalism and the physical therapist
Recommended Books:
Professionalism in Physical Therapy: History, Practice, & Development, Lisa L. Dutton,

PT, PhD
226
APTA. Guide to Physical Therapy Practice: Revised second edition. Alexandria, VA:
American Physical Therapy Association; 2003. ISBN: 978-1-887759-85-
COMMUNITY BASED REHABILITATION
THEORY HOURS
50
TOTAL HOURS
50
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course intends to give the physiotherapy students basic knowledge about various types of
disabilities existing in special children. The knowledge ranges from physically handicapped to
intellectually disabled children. It also gives information about various existing approaches for
the effective rehabilitation and teaching methods
Detailed Course Outline
INTRODUCTION
Forming a New Life
The Study of Human Development
Theory and Research
Physical Development during the First Three Years
Cognitive Development during the First Three Years
Psychosocial Development during the First Three Years
EARLY CHILDHOOD
Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood
Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood
ADOLESCENCE
227
Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
Physical and Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood
Psychosocial Development in Young Adulthood
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood
Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood
Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood
Dealing with Death and Bereavement
HEALTH IN THE COMMUNITY
Handicap and the community
Nutrition and mal nutrition
Breast feeding
Immunization
Oral rehydration
NORMAL BODY FUNCTION
Normal development
Growth and weight of children
CONDITIONS AND TREATMENTS
Cerebral palsy in children
Down syndrome
Mental handicap
Hydro-cephalus
Spin bifida
Poliomyelitis
Blindness
Deafness
Strokes
Spinal cord injuries

228
Amputation
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS
Assessment and recoding
Fits
Contractures
Pressure sores
Urine and bowel management
Chest infection
Feeding children with cerebral palsy
Toy making workshop
Welfare assistance
Recommended books:
Introduction to Special Education By: Allen and Beacon,(1992), A Simon & Superter
Comp.Needham Heights
Exceptional Children, Howard, W.l. (1988); Columbus, Merill.
Exceptional Children and Adults, Patton, J.R. (1991); Boston Scott Foresmen and Co.
Exceptional Children in Focus by: Patton J.R. (1991); New York, Macmillan pub. Co
Community based rehabilitation worker manual, marion loveday, global health publication
229
PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT-III
Physiotherapy Treatment III
THEORY HOURS
250
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
350
Total Marks: 200
Theory:
The examination in the subject of Physiotherapy Treatment shall consist of one Theory paper of
three hours duration and of maximum 90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
The syllabus to be covered is mentioned in Appendix "B".
There will be 09 short essay questions from the subject of Physiotherapy Treatment and there
Oral/ Practical Examination in the subject of Physiotherapy Treatment will consist of maximum
90 marks. Internal Assessment shall be of 10 Marks.
PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course addresses both the medical and rehabilitation management of the pediatric patient.
Foundation lectures on normal development and psychological issues provide the students with a
model to use when learning about pediatric pathologies, assessments and interventions. This
course also involves the examination and treatment of the pediatric population using an interdisciplinary
approach. The etiology and clinical features of common diseases/ disorders observed in the pediatric
population will be emphasized. Lab: Methods for examination, goal setting, and intervention are
emphasized. Students will participate in interdisciplinary case studies and an interdisciplinary evaluation
project. Topics will focus on medical terminology, clinical examination, evaluation, comparing
contemporary, traditional interventions and the impact of evolving technology in this area.
230
Medical Terminology regarding pediatrics
History and Examination / Pediatric Examination
Assessment and outcome measurement
Theories of Development
Medical Care of Children with Disabilities
Psychological Assessment in Pediatric Rehabilitation
Approaches to working with children
Normal Developmental Milestones
Language Development in Disorders of Communication and Oral Motor Function Adaptive

Sports and Recreation
Orthotic and Assistive Devices
Electrodiagnosis in Pediatrics
Motor Learning& Principles of Motor Learning
The Child Parents and Physiotherapist
Aging With Pediatric Onset Disability and Diseases
The Assessment of Human Gait, Motion, and Motor Function
Psychosocial Aspects of Pediatric Rehabilitation
Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Therapy
Disorders of Respiratory System
Cystic Fibrosis Duchene Muscular
Hemophilia
Lower Limb Deformities
Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Conditions
Talipes Equino Varus
Torticolis
Pediatric Limb Deficiencies
Neuromuscular Diseases
Myopathies
231
Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Palsy
Spinal Cord Injuries
Spina Bifida
Oncology and palliative care
Recommended Text books:
Physical Therapy for Children By, Suzann K. Campbell, Robert J. Palisano & Darl W.
Vander Linden.
Paediatric Rehabilitation Principles and practice (Fourth Edition) By, Michael A

Alexander & Dennis j. Matthews.
Additional reading material as assigned.
GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRIC PHYSICAL THERAPY
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The course covers normal aging process, physiological and psychological changes and their
effects on daily living activities (ADL) and instrumental daily living activities (IADL).Relevant
testes and measures for determining impairment and differentiating the diagnosis based on the
specificity and sensitivity of the assessment instruments as related to patients with geriatric
conditions are discussed. The use of evidence-based physical therapy intervention for geriatric
conditions is emphasized. Topics will focus on comparing contemporary and traditional
interventions and the impact of evolving technology in this area. Topics will focus on medical
Medical Terminology regarding geriatric

Attitudes and Ageism
232
Ageism
Myths and Facts about Older Adults
Age Bias in Healthcare
Geriatric Training and Role of Physical Therapist
Normal Physical Changes in Older Adults
Breathing the Respiratory System
Beating the Cardiovascular System
Thinking and Reacting the Nervous System
Moving the Musculoskeletal System
Eating & Eliminating the Gastrointestinal and Urinary Systems
Metabolizing the Endocrine System
Responding the Sensory System
Sleeping and Other Physical Changes
Psychological Changes:
The 3 Ds and Suicide in Older Adults
Delirium
Dementia
Depression
Older Adult Abuse and Neglect:
Scope of Older Adult Abuse and Neglect
Clues to Abuse and Interventions
Triage and Assessment:
ABCs of Geriatric Assessment
Assessment Techniques and Atypical Presentations
Pain
Pain in Older Adults
Pain Assessment and Challenges
Impact of Physiological Changes
Medication and Pain Management
Medication Interactions
233
Medication and Food
Effects of Age:
Task Complexity,
Exercise
Ambulation.
Physical therapy for geriatrics in various neuromuscular disorders:
Alzheimers disease
Parkinsonism
Cerobrovascular accident (C.V.A)
Poly neuropathies etc.
Pre-operative and post operative Physical Therapy for geriatrics in various

musculoskeletal disorders:
Hip & Knee Joint replacements
Soft tissue injuries.
Balance and fall in elderly: issues in evaluation and treatment

Introduction
Defining the problem of falls, risk factors, aging theory concept pertinent to falls in the
elderly
Multi faceted approach to the falls problem
Postural control theory, physiology of balance ,
Summary influence of age on postural control, relationship between postural control and
falls, A model, examination and evaluation, history, biological assessment, sensory
effectors, strength, ROM, endurance, central processing, functional assessment,
environmental assessment, psychosocial assessment, intervention
Medications
Nutritional Deficiencies:
Primary nutritional problems, limited fixed incomes, severely limited food choices and
availability.
Gerontology
Introduction
234
Types of gerontology
Social aspect of aging regarding gerontology
Psychological aspect of aging regarding gerontology
Biological aspect of aging regarding gerontology

Recommended Books:
Geriatric Physical Therapy (Hardcover) by Andrew A. Guccione (Author)
Fundamentals of Geriatric Medicine
SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
The main focus of this course is related to the understanding of the role that physical therapists
play in both the industrial continuum and sports physical therapy. Emphasis is placed on acute
management of traumatic injuries and/or sudden illness. In addition, injury prevention with an
emphasis on the advanced clinical competencies related to the practice of sports physical therapy
will also be covered.
Introduction to sports rehabilitation
Introduction to sport injury management
Injury screening and assessment of performance
Injury prevention and screening
Assessment and needs analysis
Pathophysiology of musculoskeletal injuries
Pathophysiology of skeletal muscle injuries
Pathophysiology of tendon injuries
Pathophysiology of ligament injuries
Pathophysiology of skeletal injuries
Peripheral nerve injuries
235
Effective clinical decision making
An introduction to periodisation
Management of acute sport injury
Musculoskeletal assessment
Progressive systematic functional rehabilitation
Strength and conditioning
Nutritional considerations for performance and rehabilitation
Psychology and sports rehabilitation
Clinical reasoning
Joint specific sport injuries and pathologies
Shoulder injuries in sport

The elbow
Wrist and hand injuries in sport
The groin in sport
The knee
Ankle complex injuries in sport
The foot in sport
Traveling with a Team
Drugs and the Athlete
Ethics and Sports Medicine
Recommended Books
Sports Rehabilitation and Injury Prevention by: Paul Comfort &Earle Abrahamson, 1st
Edition, 2010,Wiley Blackwell Publishers
Clinical Sports Medicine by: Brukner & Khan, 4ed, McGraw-Hill Publishers
A guide to sports and injury management by: Mike Bundy & Andy Leaver, 1st edition, 2010,
Churchill Livingstone.
236
PROSTHETIC & ORTHOTIC
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course intends to study prosthetic and orthotic management as applied to a variety of patient
populations across a life span. It also addresses the considerations of various pathologies and
medical, surgical management to formulate appropriate patient examinations, evaluation,
diagnosis, prognosis and intervention that are consistent with physical therapy practice
guidelines. Principles of normal biomechanics, pathomechanics, physiology and
Pathophysiology will be a major focus for evaluation, intervention and education of the vascular,
neuromuscular, and / or musculoskeletal compromised patient who may utilize prosthetic or
orthotic devices. Basic principles of mechanical physics and material characteristics will be
applied.
Detailed Course Outline
ORTHOTICS
Introduction to Orthotics
Basic Terminology
Historical Background
Factors In Prescription Orthotics
Nomenclature of Orthotics
Biomechanical Principles
Materials Used in Orthotics Manufacturing
Methods of Construction
Foot Orthoses
Shoe Style
Parts of Shoes
Special Purpose Shoes
Foot Examination
Orthotics Interventions
237
Fabrication Options
Pediatric Foot Orthoses
Guideline for Prescription Foot Orthoses
Ankle Foot Orthoses
Plastic Ankle Foot Orthoses
Lather Metal Ankle Foot Orthoses
Composite Materials
Weight Relieving Ankle Foot Orthoses
Support (Fabric , Leather, Gel And Air )
Contracture Reducing Ankle Foot Orthoses
Guidelines for Prescription Ankle Foot Orthoses
Knee Ankle Foot Orthoses and Knee Orthoses
Plastic Metal Knee Ankle Foot Orthoses
Knee Immobilizer
Supra- Condylar Knee Ankle Foot Orthoses
Weight Relieving Orthoses, Fracture Orthoses
Lather Metal Knee Ankle Foot Orthoses
Knee Orthoses
Guidelines For Prescription Knee Ankle Foot Orthoses
Orthoses for Paraplegia And Hip Disorders
Paraplegia
Standing Frames
Orthoses Designed For Ambulation
Functional Electrical Stimulation
Specific Devices for Paraplegia
Hip Orthoses
Guidelines for Prescription

238
Evaluation Procedures for Lower Limb Orthoses
Need of Evaluation
Static Evaluation
Dynamic Evaluation
Gait Disorders with Orthoses Usage
Trunk and Cervical Orthoses
Trunk Orthoses
Trunk Orthoses Evaluation
Scoliosis and Kyphosis Orthoses
Scoliosis And Kyphosis Orthoses Evaluation
Cervical Orthoses
Cervical Orthoses Evaluation
Guideline For Prescription
Upper Limb Orthoses
Hand And Wrist Hand Orthoses
Forearm And Elbow Orthoses
Shoulder Orthoses, Fabrication Option
Upper limb Orthoses Evaluation (Hand, Wrist, Fingers, Shoulder and Elbow)
Guideline For Prescription
Orthoses For Burns And Other Soft Tissue Disorders
Importance of Orthoses for Burns and Other Soft Tissue Disorders
Orthoses for Burn Management
Orthoses for Patients with Soft Tissues Problem Associated With Neuromuscular Disorders
Goal Setting And Treatment Plan
Long Term Goals
Short Term Goals
Treatment Planning
Criteria for Discharge
Care of Orthoses
PROSTHETICS
239
Early Management
Clinic Team Approach to Rehabilitation
Amputation Surgery: Osteomyoplastic Reconstructive Technique
Postoperative Management
Pain Management
Skin Disorders and Their Management
Psychological Consequences of Amputation
Rehabilitation of Adults With Lower-Limb Amputations
Partial Foot and Syme's Amputations and Prosthetic Designs
Transtibial Prosthetic Designs
Transfemoral Prosthetic Designs
Hip Disarticulations and Transpelvic Prosthetic Designs
Basic Lower-Limb Prosthetic Training
Rehabilitation of Adults with Upper-Limb Amputations
Body-Powered Upper-Limb Prosthetic Designs
Upper-Limb Externally Powered Prosthetic Designs
Training Patients with Upper-Limb Amputations
Beyond the Basics
Special Considerations with Children
Rehabilitation Outcomes
Adaptive Prostheses for Recreation
Future Prosthetic Advances and Challenges
Future Surgical and Educational Advances and Challenges
Prosthetics and Patient Management: A Comprehensive Clinical Approach By: Kevin

Carroll ; Joan Edelstein
Orthotics a comprehensive clinical approach By: Joan E Eldestein& Jan Bruckner
240
SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE V

SEMESTE
SUPERVISIO
N
9
FOCUS
WARDS
COMPETENCIE
S
Supervised by
trained PT
Evaluation
,
Examinati
on, and
Interventio
n
Cardiovascula
r and
pulmonary
(IPD/OPD;
surgical &
non-surgical)
Listed below
Cardiovascular and Pulmonary

PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
Course Description:
examination, evaluation, and interventions relating to cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders.
Students become familiar with performance of these skills in all settings (inpatient and
outpatient) as well as on all types of conditions (surgical, non-surgical, pediatric and geriatric,.)
Students learn to objectively perform these skills under the supervision of trained physical
therapists. Student is required to keep a performance record of all listed competencies and
successfully perform on real patients during the final evaluation of the course.
Competencies:
Examination:
such as*:
241
include:
Bed mobility
Uneven surfaces


activities

o Community access


242
Perform cardiovascular/pulmonary tests and measures including:

A. Heart rate
B. Respiratory rate, pattern and quality*
C. Blood pressure
D. Aerobic capacity test* (functional or standardized) such as the 6-minute walk test
E. Pulse Oximetry
F. Breath sounds normal/abnormal
G. Response to exercise (RPE)
H. Signs and symptoms of hypoxia
I. Peripheral circulation (deep vein thrombosis, pulse, venous stasis,
lymphedema)*
Evaluation:
Clinical reasoning
Diagnosis:
Prognosis:
243
A. Age
B. Medication(s)
D. Co-morbidities
E. Cognitive status
F. Nutrition
G. Social Support
H. Environment
Plan of Care:
Goal setting
Progression of care
Discharge

expected outcomes.
sources).*
and disability.*
244
Progression of Care
as needed.*
the plan of care.
Discharge Plan
plan of care.
care.
Interventions:

245
Body Mechanics and
Positioning
Perform first aid.*
Precautions


Interventions
reporting).
246
C. Case management.
(3) Schools
(5) Payer groups
(2) Documentation
(3) Education plans
(1) Outcome data
(3) Record reviews
Intervention
participation.
247

(3) Plan of care:
of delivery

A. Aerobic capacity/endurance conditioning or reconditioning*:
(1) Gait and locomotor training*
(2) Increased workload over time (modify workload progression)
(3) Movement efficiency and energy conservation training
(4) Walking and wheelchair propulsion programs
(5) Cardiovascular conditioning programs
B. Relaxation:
(1) Breathing strategies*
(2) Movement strategies
(3) Relaxation techniques
C. Airway clearance techniques may include*:
A. Breathing strategies*:
(1) Active cycle of breathing or forced expiratory techniques*
(2) Assisted cough/huff techniques*
(3) Paced breathing*
(4) Pursed lip breathing
(5) Techniques to maximize ventilation (eg, maximum inspiratory hold, breath
stacking, manual hyperinflation)
B. Manual/mechanical techniques*:
248
(1) Assistive devices

C. Positioning*:
(1) Positioning to alter work of breathing
(2) Positioning to maximize ventilation and perfusion
o Activities of daily living (ADL) training:
o Barrier accommodations or modifications*
o Device and equipment use and training:
(1) Assistive and adaptive device or equipment training during ADL (specifically
for bed mobility and transfer training, gait and locomotion, and dressing)*
(2) Orthotic, protective, or supportive device or equipment training during selfcare and home management*
(2) Task adaptation
Prescription, application, and, as appropriate, fabrication of devices and equipment may

include*:
(1) Hospital beds
249
(1) Canes
(2) Crutches
(5) Walkers
(6) Wheelchairs
(1) Braces
(2) Cushions
(3) Helmets
(2) Corsets
(3) Elastic wraps
(4) Neck collars
(5) Slings

A. Biofeedback*
250


A. Cryotherapy*:
(1) Cold packs
(2) Ice massage
B. Hydrotherapy*:
(1) Contrast bath
(2) Pools
C. Sound agents*:
(1) Phonophoresis*
(2) Ultrasound*
D. Thermotherapy*:
(1) Dry heat
(2) Hot packs*
(3) Paraffin baths*

(3) Taping
(1) Standing frame*
(2) Tilt table*
251
(1) Intermittent
(2) Positional
(3) Sustained
252
SUPERVISED CLINICAL PRACTICE VI

SEMESTER
SUPERVISION
FOCUS
WARDS
COMPETENCIES
10
Supervised by
trained PT
Evaluation,
Examination, and
Intervention
Integumentary,
gynecology&
obstetrics, sports
and metabolic
disorders
(IPD/OPD;
Listed below
INTEGUMENTARY
PRACTICAL HOURS
100
TOTAL HOURS
100
Course Description:
examination, evaluation, and interventions relating to Integumentary, gynecology and obstetrics,
sports and metabolic disorders. Students become familiar with performance of these skills in all
settings (inpatient and outpatient) as well as on all types of conditions (surgical, non-surgical,
pediatric, geriatric, obstetrics & gynecology, sports etc.)
Students learn to objectively perform
these skills under the supervision of trained physical therapists. Student is required to keep a
performance record of all listed competencies and successfully perform on real patients during
the final evaluation of the course.
Competencies:
Examination:

253
such as*:
include:
Bed mobility
Uneven surfaces


activities

o Community access

254
Perform integumentary integrity tests and measures including*:

A. Activities, positioning, and postures that produce or relieve trauma to the skin.
B. Assistive, adaptive, orthotic, protective, supportive, or prosthetic devices and
equipment that may produce or relieve trauma to the skin.
C. Skin characteristics, including blistering, continuity of skin color, dermatitis, hair
growth, mobility, nail growth, sensation, temperature, texture and turgor.
D. Activities, positioning, and postures that aggravate the wound or scar or that produce
or relieve trauma.
E. Signs of infection.
F. Wound characteristics: bleeding, depth, drainage, location, odor, size, and color.
G. Wound scar tissue characteristics including banding, pliability, sensation, and texture.
Evaluation:
Clinical reasoning
Diagnosis:
Prognosis:
255
A. Age
B. Medication(s)
D. Co-morbidities
E. Cognitive status
F. Nutrition
G. Social Support
H. Environment
Plan of Care:
Goal setting
Progression of care
Discharge

expected outcomes.
sources).*
256
and disability.*
Progression of Care
as needed.*
the plan of care.
Discharge Plan
plan of care.
care.
257
Interventions:
Body Mechanics and
Positioning
Perform first aid.*
Precautions


Interventions
258

reporting).
C. Case management.
(3) Schools
(5) Payer groups
(2) Documentation
(3) Education plans
(1) Outcome data
(3) Record reviews
Intervention
participation.
259

(3) Plan of care:
of delivery
Integumentary repair and protection techniques may include*:
A. Debridement*nonselective:
(1) Enzymatic debridement
(2) Wet dressings
(3) Wet-to-dry dressings
(4) Wet-to-moist dressings
B. Dressings*:
(1) Hydrogels
(2) Wound coverings
C. Topical agents*:
260
(1) Cleansers
(2) Creams
(3) Moisturizers
(4) Ointments
(5) Sealants

Activities of daily living (ADL) training:

Barrier accommodations or modifications*
Device and equipment use and training:

(1) Assistive and adaptive device or equipment training during ADL (specifically for
bed mobility and transfer training, gait and locomotion, and dressing)*
(2) Orthotic, protective, or supportive device or equipment training during self-care
and home management*
(3) Prosthetic device or equipment training during ADL (specifically for bed mobility
and transfer training, gait and locomotion, and dressing)*

(2) Task adaptation
Prescription, application, and, as appropriate, fabrication of devices and equipment may

include*:
(1) Hospital beds
261

(1) Canes
(2) Crutches
(5) Walkers
(6) Wheelchairs
(1) Braces
(2) Cushions
(3) Helmets
(2) Corsets
(3) Elastic wraps
(4) Neck collars
(5) Slings

A. Biofeedback*
262


A. Cryotherapy*:
(1) Cold packs
(2) Ice massage
B. Hydrotherapy*:
(1) Contrast bath
(2) Pools
C. Sound agents*:
(1) Phonophoresis*
(2) Ultrasound*
D. Thermotherapy*:
(1) Dry heat
(2) Hot packs*
(3) Paraffin baths*

(3) Taping
(1) Standing frame*
(2) Tilt table*
263

(1) Intermittent
(2) Positional
(3) Sustained
264

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CURRICULUM

5 YEARS DEGREE PROGRAMME

UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

1. The establishment of University of Health Sciences is a milestone in the efforts of the

UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES LAHORE

DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY (DPT)

GOALS OF THE PROGRAM:

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM:

*SCHEME OF STUDIES FOR 5 YEARS

HEALTH AND WELLNESS

PHYSICAL AGENTS &

PT-III, VI: PAEDIATRIC,

GERIATRIC, SPORTS &

FIRST PROFESSIONAL YEAR

Total Marks: 700

Total Marks : 200

DETAILED COURSE OUTLINE

Terms related to position and movements

The skin and subcutaneous tissues

Glands associated with hair follicle

Microscopic picture of skin

BONES AND CARTILAGES

STRUCTURES RELATED TO MUSCLES & BONES

Muscles connecting upper limb to the axial skeletal

Muscles around shoulder joint

Walls and contents of axilla

Muscles in brachial region

Flexor tendon dorsal digital expansion

Course, distribution and functions of all nerves of upper limb

Course and distribution of all arteries and veins of upper limb.

Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb

Axillary lymph node

Acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints

Inter carpal joints

Joints MCP and IP

Surface Anatomy of upper limb

Surface marking of upper limb

Demonstration on Shoulder joint, attached muscles and articulating surfaces.

Demonstration on Elbow joint.

Demonstration on Wrist joint

Demonstration on Radioulnar joint.

Demonstration on MCP and IP joints.

Demonstration on acromioclavicular joint

Demonstration on sternoclavicular joint

Demonstration on Brachial plexus.

Demonstration of blood supply of brain.

Demonstration on Structure of bones

Muscles of gluteal region

Muscles around hip joint

Muscles of thigh (anteriorly, posteriorly, laterally and medially)

Muscles of lower leg and foot.

Joints of the foot

Surface Anatomy of lower limb

Surface marking of lower limb

Skin and appendages

Recommended Text Books:

Grays Anatomy by Prof. Susan Standring 39th Ed., Elsevier.

Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students by Richard S.Snell.