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    Organic Coatings: Paints Varnishes Enamels Lacquers

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    MadhavanIce
    The document discusses organic coatings such as paints, varnishes, enamels, and lacquers. It describes their constituents including pigments, vehicles or drying oils, thinners or solvents, driers, fillers, plasticizers, and anti-skinning agents. Pigments provide color, strength, and protect the film. Drying oils such as linseed oil form a tough film upon oxidation and polymerization. Thinners adjust viscosity and suspend pigments while driers accelerate drying. Fillers reduce costs and cracks while plasticizers improve elasticity. Good paints spread easily, have high coverage, adhere well, and are resistant to water and corrosion.

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    Organic Coatings: Paints Varnishes Enamels Lacquers

    Uploaded by

    MadhavanIce
    66 views20 pages
    The document discusses organic coatings such as paints, varnishes, enamels, and lacquers. It describes their constituents including pigments, vehicles or drying oils, thinners or solvents, driers, fillers, plasticizers, and anti-skinning agents. Pigments provide color, strength, and protect the film. Drying oils such as linseed oil form a tough film upon oxidation and polymerization. Thinners adjust viscosity and suspend pigments while driers accelerate drying. Fillers reduce costs and cracks while plasticizers improve elasticity. Good paints spread easily, have high coverage, adhere well, and are resistant to water and corrosion.

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    organic coatings

    Original Title

    org_coat_14.3.13

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    The document discusses organic coatings such as paints, varnishes, enamels, and lacquers. It describes their constituents including pigments, vehicles or drying oils, thinners or solvents, driers, fillers, plasticizers, and anti-skinning agents. Pigments provide color, strength, and protect the film. Drying oils such as linseed oil form a tough film upon oxidation and polymerization. Thinners adjust viscosity and suspend pigments while driers accelerate drying. Fillers reduce costs and cracks while plasticizers improve elasticity. Good paints spread easily, have high coverage, adhere well, and are resistant to water and corrosion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views20 pages

    Organic Coatings: Paints Varnishes Enamels Lacquers

    Uploaded by

    MadhavanIce
    The document discusses organic coatings such as paints, varnishes, enamels, and lacquers. It describes their constituents including pigments, vehicles or drying oils, thinners or solvents, driers, fillers, plasticizers, and anti-skinning agents. Pigments provide color, strength, and protect the film. Drying oils such as linseed oil form a tough film upon oxidation and polymerization. Thinners adjust viscosity and suspend pigments while driers accelerate drying. Fillers reduce costs and cracks while plasticizers improve elasticity. Good paints spread easily, have high coverage, adhere well, and are resistant to water and corrosion.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 20

    Organic coatings

    PAINTS
    VARNISHES
    ENAMELS
    LACQUERS

    Organic coatings
    Both organic and metallic coatings
    are used to provide protection against
    corrosion of metallic substrates.
    The total annual cost for organic and
    metallic protective coatings is $108.6
    billion.

    paints
    Paint is a viscous, opaque,
    mechanical dispersion of one or more
    finely divided pigments in a medium.
    When pigmented liquid or paste is
    applied to a substrate surface, the
    thinner evaporates, while the vehicle
    undergoes slow oxidation forming a
    pigmented film.
    Paint is used to protect, decorate
    (such as adding color), an object or
    surface by covering it with a
    pigmented coating.

    Requisites of good paints


    spread easily
    High Covering power
    No cracks
    Adhere well on the surface
    Must be stable
    Not fade
    Give a glossy film
    Dry quickly
    Resistance to water and corrosion
    Uniform coating

    Constituents of paint
    1. Pigments
    2. Vehicles or medium or drying oil
    3. Thinner
    4. Driers
    5. Fillers
    6. Plasticizers
    7. Anti-skinning agents

    1. Pigments
    Pigments are granular solids incorporated into the
    paint to contribute color, toughness, texture
    Pigments can be classified as either natural or
    synthetic types.
    Natural pigments include various clays, calcium
    carbonate, mica, silicas, and talcs. Synthetics would
    include engineered molecules, calcined clays, ,
    precipitated calcium carbonate, and synthetic silicas
    and dyes.
    Functions
    Give color
    Provide strength / capacity
    Protect film from UV rays
    Improve whether resistance
    Improve impermeability

    Ex:
    Pigments are making paint opaque, also protect
    the substrate from the harmful effects of
    ultraviolet light.
    White pigments: White lead Pb(OH)2,
    Lithophone- 75% BaSO4+25% ZnS
    Black: Lamp Black, Carbon black
    RED: Venedian red- Fe2O3 and CaSO4, indian
    red: Fe2O3
    Blue: Prussion blue
    Green : Chromium oxide, Chrom green

    Drying oil (or) Vehicle (or) medium


    Drying oil: A drying oil is an oil that hardens to a
    tough, solid film after a period of exposure to air

    The binder, commonly referred to as the vehicle,


    is a non-volatile liquid and the actual film
    forming component of paint.
    The binder imparts adhesion, binds the pigments
    together, holds all the ingredients in liquid
    suspension and strongly influences such
    properties as gloss potential, exterior durability,
    flexibility, and toughness.
    Glyceryl esters of higher m.wt fatty acids
    Ex. Linseed oil, caster oil, soya bean oil
    Fatty acids are Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid,
    Eleostearic acid

    Functions
    Holds pigment particles on the metal
    surface
    Reduce the viscosity-applied easily on
    M. surface
    Form film by oxidation &
    polymerization reactions
    Improve adhesion of the film
    Impart water repellency, toughness &
    durability

    Non conjugated fatty acids like


    Lenolenic acid C17H29COOH*( 3 double bonds
    at 9, 12, 15),
    Linoleic acid C17H31COOH *( 2 double bonds at
    9, 12)
    Conjugated fatty acids like
    Eleostearic acid C17H29COOH *( 3 double bonds
    at 9, 11, 13),
    Drying oil: long chain fatty acid containing
    more than one double bond either in
    conjugated or non - conjugated positions
    Saturated fatty acids are not used as vehicle is
    called Non drying oils.

    Mechanism of (curing) drying of drying oil


    Drying oil --
     in presence of light  oxidation - polymerization-
     condensation -
     hard,
    coherent, tough, elastic film - insoluble, highly
    cross-linked structured macro molecular film 
    resembles a themosetting plastics
    Paint----
    evaporation of solvent--
     film of oil +
    pigment + drier> highly cross linked film

    Glyceryl esters of Eleostearic acid


    CH2-OOC-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-(CH2)3- CH3
    CH-OOC-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-(CH2)3- CH3
    CH2-OOC-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-(CH2)3- CH3

    Eleostearic acid
    HOOC-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-(CH2)3- CH3

    -CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH- conjugated bonds


    involving in the reaction
    -CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH- ----
    h ( light) -
    
    .
    .
    - CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-C H- (diradical)

    - CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-C H- ---
     O2 (oxidation)
    
    -
     diperoxide radical
    diperoxide radical + diradical --
     poly peroxide
    poly peroxide -
     h ( light)  di oxide radical
    di oxide radical + diradical --
     ether linkage

    3. Thinners or Solvents
    The main purposes of the solvent are to adjust the
    curing properties and viscosity of the paint.
    Volatile, easily evaporates after applied on the
    surface
    the remaining paint is fixed to the surface.
    Functions
    Reduce viscosity
    Dissolve vehicle & additives
    Suspend the pigments
    Increase penetration power of vehicle
    Increase the elasticity
    Dipentine, Turpentine, Xylol

    4. Extenders or Fillers
    White or colorless pigments
    Inert materials

    Functions
    Fill the voids in the film
    Act as a carriers for pigments
    Reduce the cost
    Increase the durability
    Reduce the shrinkage & cracking
    Modify the shades of the pigments
    Gypsum, chalk, silica, talc, clay, CaSO4,

    5. Driers
    To accelerate the process of drying
    Oxygen carrier catalysts
    FUNCTIONS
    Oxygen carriers or catalysts
    Improve drying of oil film by oxidation,
    polymerization & condensation.
    Naphthenates, linoleates, borates &
    tungstates of metals (Pb, Zn, CO, Mn)

    6. plasticizers
    To improve elasticity to the film
    To minimize the cracks
    Triphenyl phosphate, Tricresyl
    phosphate, Dibutyl tartarate

    7. Antiskinning agents
    To prevent gelling and skinning of the
    finished film
    Polyhydroxy phenol

    Failures of paints
    Chalking: progressive powdering Improper dispersion
    Cracking: unequal expansion &
    contraction
    Erosion: quick chalking
    Flaking: peeling of the paint film
    Blistering: improper exposure to
    strong sunshine

    Types of paints
    Fire retardant paintsAnti-fire agents- carbonate pigments, Urea-formaldehyde,
    resins, PVC----
    non-inflammable gases-CO2, NH3, H2O,
    HCl,.. (acts as barrier)
    Magnesium /Calcium/Zinc ammo. Phosphate yields a glass
    like melt at elevated temp. - acts as barrier
    Water repellent paints: Organo ethoxy/chloro silanes
    hydrolysis/condensation  silicones
    (water repellent)- durable for 5 years
    Temp indicating paints: Thermochrome: undergoes color
    change with temp.
    (indicate the color change-in T range-50-450o c)
    Double salts& complex amines of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu
    Luminous paints: Luminophor pigments
    A. fluorescent paints, b. phosphorescent paints
    -used in road sides, road dividers.
    ZnS, CdS, SrS + color modifiers -salts of Mn, Cu & Ag

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