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4air Con05
4air Con05
LECTURE
SUB-OBJECTIVE
At the end of this lesson the trainee will be able to:
1.
Identify, name the parts and state the uses of compressor
Mufflers, Lubrication and their efficiency.
1.0
MUFFLERS
Most hermetic units and many external drive systems have noise reducing
devices called mufflers on both the intake and the exhaust openings of
compressors. Mufflers reduce the sharp gasping sound on the intake stroke
and the even sharper puff of the exhaust. These mufflers are brazed cylinders
with baffle plates mounted inside. Fig. 4-5-1 shows a unit equipped with a
suction "intake" muffler.
In one design, suction and exhaust mufflers are connected directly to the
compressor cylinder head as in Fig. 4-5-2.
MODULE 4
AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION
COMPRESSION SYSTEMS AND COMPRESSORS
LESSON 5 PAGE 1
LUBRICATION
Lubricating oils have been developed especially for reciprocating and rotary
refrigeration compressors.
Usually, these are mineral oils, completely
dehydrated, wax-free and non-foaming. They have a viscosity found to be best
for the refrigerant and for the refrigeration temperatures.
Some refrigerating oil contains additives to improve lubricating qualities. The
additives may also improve the oil's viscosity properties (ability to flow at given
temperatures).
Reciprocating compressors may be lubricated either by a splash or by a
pressure (force-feed) system.
In the splash, the crankcase is filled with the correct oil up to the bottom of the
main bearings or to the middle of the crankshaft main bearings. At each
crankshaft revolution, the crank throw, or the eccentric dips into the oil and
MODULE 4
AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION
COMPRESSION SYSTEMS AND COMPRESSORS
LESSON 5 PAGE 3
6 cu. i. n
= .6:
10 cu. i. n
COMPRESSION RATIO
Compression ratio in refrigeration is the relationship of the absolute pressure,
of the low side, to the absolute pressure of the high-pressure side, to the total
volume of the cylinder. Ratios vary up to 10 to 1 for single stage compressors.
If the ratio is higher, two stage compressors must be used.
4.0
UN-LOADER
To make it easier to start the compressor, some installations provide an un
loader. This un loader temporarily reduces the high-side pressure at the
cylinder head while the compressor is starting. The un loader may be
CRANKCASE HEATER
In many condensing unit applications, it is necessary to heat the compressor
crankcase to evaporate the liquid refrigerant trapped in the oil. Most large
compressors used in commercial applications are fitted with a crankcase
heater at the time the compressor is manufactured especially if the
compressor may be exposed to cold temperatures (outdoor units). These
crankcase heaters may be operated during the off cycle or they may be
thermostatically controlled.
For smaller installations, which do not usually require a built-in crankcase
heater, an accessory heater may be purchased and attached to the
crankcase. Crankcase heaters are generally required on remote installations
in which the compressor may at times operate at an ambient temperature,
which is lower than the evaporator temperature.
6.0
REVIEW OF SAFETY
The service technician should always be alert to avoid service procedures,
which may:
1.
2.
3.
MODULE 4
AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION
COMPRESSION SYSTEMS AND COMPRESSORS
LESSON 5 PAGE 5
Name the eight most important parts found in all compression cycle
refrigerators.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.