ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people

have best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledged support, this time I am
utilizing to thank all the people who have been concerned with project. Primarily I would
thank god for being able to complete this project with success. Then I would like to thank my
principal Mr. S.V.Babu and physics teacher Mr.Ramna Rao, whose valuable guidance has
been the ones that helped me patch this project and make it full proof success his
suggestions and his instructions has served as the major contributor towards the completion
of the project. Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who have helped me with
their valuable suggestions and guidance has been helpful in various phases of the
completion of the project. Last but not the least I would like to thank my classmates who have
helped me a lot.
History Of Football
The history of football can be dated back to the 19th century. Before 19th century, the game of
football was referred to any ball games played on foot. However, there were different rules for
these games, some games allows the use of hands running games, others forbidding it kicking
games. The first traces of what would become American football are found in the 19th century in
the games played by students at the elite schools and universities of the United States. A
particularly violent running game was played at Princeton University circa 1820, and around this
time a kicking game was also being played by students of Dartmouth College. Rules for the
Dartmouth game, known as Old Division Football, were published in 1871.
In the 1861, Boston club was established but nobody knows the rules of this club. It is also
believed that rugby was taking off in Canada during this time. However, the Montreal Football
club was established in 1868 and is said to have played a version of English rugby. This became
a great source of Canadian football. However, the infamous Rutgers v. Princeton game in 1869
paves a new ways in the origin of football. The game was played by two teams of 25 people
each. Each team was composed of 11 fielders, 12 bulldogs, and two peanutters whose job
was to hang out near the opposing teams goal so as to score from unguarded positions. In
football history, Walter Camp is known as the father of modern American football. During 1880s,
he came up with various major adjustments to the game: an eleven player team, a smaller field,
and the scrimmage, a player handing the ball backward to start the play. Camp also established
the norm of a seven-man line, a quarterback, two halfbacks, and a fullback. Football soon
became popular among the general public. On November 12, 1892 William Heffelinger, a Yale AllAmerican guard, became the first professional football player. Three years later, the first all
professional game was played in Pennsylvania between the Latrobe YMCA and the Jeannette
Atheltic Club.
Another turning point in the history of football is when the first professional football league was
founded in 1920. Jim Thorpe, an Olympic athlete was elected as the president of the American
Professional Football Association and its 11 teams were located in the Midwest. However, this
body changed its name into National Football League in 1921. An annual championship game
was begun in 1933 and by 1934 almost every small town football team had moved to the city.
Professional football came to compete with college football for a fan base around the end of the
Second World War. Moreover, the year 1970 also founded another essential American football
institution named Monday Night Football. So popular, in fact, is American football among
spectators that the game has spread across the globe to Mexico, Europe, and even Japan, where
it continues to flourish and evolve.

Identify the different parts of a football pitch, their

measurements, & what their markings are for.

The dimensions are specified in Law 1 of theofficial FIFA Laws of the Game.
According to FIFA rules, the standard length of a football pitch should be between
90-120 meters (100-131 yards) while its width is from 45-90 meters (49-100
yards).
Football fields used in international matches have similar measurement to the
league pitches. The minimum dimensions are 100 by 64 meters (110 by 70
yards) while the maximum dimensions are 110 by 75 meters (120 by 80 yards).
To help you understand better the markings on a football pitch, let us name them
one by one and enumerate their uses.

The touchline
The touchline is the line at the side of the football field, hence, it is also called
the sideline. The length of the touchline is also the length of the football field. If
the ball goes out in this part of the pitch, the game will be restarted with
a throw-in.

Goal line
The goal or end line is the line at the end of the pitch, which defines its width. If
the ball goes out of the end line and an attacking player is the last to touch it,
the game will be restarted with a goal kick. If a defending player is the last to
touch the ball before it crosses the goal line, the game with be restarted with
a corner kick.

Halfway line
The line that crosses the football field in the middle is called the halfway line.
This has no technical use but only serves to divide the playing field into two
equal halves.

Center circle
The center circle is the big, round demarcation on the middle of the playing area.
Its radius measures 9.15 meters or 10 yards. During the kickof, only two players
can be inside this area, the one doing the kickoff and the teammate receiving it.

Center spot
Also called center mark, this is the bold line in the middle of the center circle,
where the ball is placed during kickoff.

Penalty box
Also called the penalty area or the 18-yard box, this is the big box located at

each end of the playing field. It measures 16.5 by 40.32 meters (18 by 44 yards).
A foul against an attacking player committed inside the penalty box is punishable
with a penalty kick.

Penalty spot
The penalty spot is the bold circle inside the 18-yard box where the ball is placed
during penalty kicks. Its distance from the goal line is 11 meters (12 yards).

Penalty arc
The penalty arc is the half circle on top of the penalty box. During a penalty kick,
no player is allowed to be inside it.

Goal box
The small box inside the penalty area is known as the goal box. Also called the
six-yard box, goal kicks are taken from anywhere in this part of the football field.

Corner arc
The semi-circles at each corner of the playing pitch are called corner arc. The ball
is placed anywhere in this area during a corner kick.

Technical area
A box is drawn in front of each teams dugout. It is called the technical area and
one person at a time is allowed to shout instruction from there.

FIFA
The Fdration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA /fif/;
English: International Federation of Association Football) is the international governing
body of association football, futsal and beach soccer. FIFA is responsible for the organisation
of football's major international tournaments, notably the World Cup which commenced in
1930 and the Women's World Cup which commenced in 1991.
FIFA was founded in 1904 to oversee international competition among the national
associations of Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and
Switzerland. Headquartered in Zrich, membership now comprises209 national associations.
Member countries must each also be members of one of the six regional confederations into
which the world is divided: Africa, Asia, Europe, North & Central America and the Caribbean,
Oceania and South America.
Although FIFA does not control the rules of the game, it is responsible for both the
organisation of a number of tournaments and their promotion, which generate revenue from
sponsorship. In 2013, FIFA had revenues of over 1.3 billion U.S. dollars, for a net profit of 72
million, and had cash reserves over 1.4 billion U.S. dollars. [3]
Reports by investigative journalists have linked the FIFA leadership with rapaciousness,
corruption, and bribery, and alleged that vote rigging was involved in the election
of president Sepp Blatter. FIFA's choice to award the 2018 and 2022 World Cupsto Russia
and Qatar, respectively, have been widely criticised, with allegations of vote buying.

Football in India
Football is India's second most popular sport, next to the game of cricket.[3] Traditionally it has
enjoyed popularity in the regions such as West Bengal, Goa, Kerala, and the entire northeastern India, especially Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland andSikkim.
[2]

Dr.T.Ao, the Captain of the Indian Football Team to the London Olympics, 1948, and

Captain of the Mohun Bagan Athletic Club in 1948 and 1949 hailed from Nagaland.
India's current top domestic league, I-League, was formed in 2007 in an attempt to
professionalize domestic football.[4] Also contested is Santosh Trophy, a knock-out
competition between states (provinces) and government institutions. The current captain of
the Indian national team is Sunil Chhetri and the team is coached by Wim Koevermans. India
is currently ranked 171th in the FIFA World Rankings.[1][5][6]

The 2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup is scheduled to take place in India. By virtue of being the
host country, the Indian team will play in the tournament. [7]

League system[edit]
I-League[edit]
National Football League, established in 1996 by governing body All India Football
Federation (AIFF) was the first "semi-professional" football league in India. The League was
renamed and restructured and the I-League was founded in 2006 after India's former top
league the National Football League disbanded in a successful effort aimed at increasing the
game in India. Links with clubs that were not in the I-League were maintained, and each
season the bottom two clubs are relegated from the I-League and replaced by two from the ILeague 2nd Division. The I-League is contested between 14 clubs each season.
I-League 2nd Division[edit]
The I-League 2nd Division ranks second in the hierarchy of Indian football since the
disbanding of India's top league in 2005. The I-League 2nd Division has 21 member clubs
evenly divided among three divisions. Promotion and relegation of clubs still takes place
between the I-league and the I-League 2nd Division.

State League football[edit]

State league football is considered the best amateur leagues in India. Each state has their
own league in India. There is no promotion/relegation between the state leagues and the ILeague 2nd Division[citation needed] but there could be promotion/relegation between leagues within
the state. For example, the Calcutta Football League has three divisions with
promotion/relegation but the winner of the Calcutta Football League will not get promoted to
the I-League 2nd Division.[original research?]

Calcutta Football League[edit]

Calcutta Football League (CFL) is the football league system where several football clubs of
the Indian city of Kolkata (Calcutta) participate. It currently consists of six-tier pyramid
system.Indian Football Association (IFA) conducts the CFL with 157 mostly Kolkata based
clubs and units. Started in 1898, this league is the oldest league in Asia and one of the
oldest in the world. There are about 8500 directly registered players of IFA whoparticipate in
CFL.[citation needed]

Youth leagues[edit]
Right now the official youth league in India is the I-League U19 which was won by Pune
FC in 2012.

Indian Super league[edit]

The Indian Super League was founded in 2013 in an effort to make football a top sport in
India and to make Indian football a major player worldwide.[1] The league operates along the
lines of the Twenty20 cricket Indian Premier League, and Major League Soccer of the United
States.[4] Unlike the majority of football leagues around the world, the ISL does not use the
promotion and relegation system. Instead, it uses a FRANCHISE system in which eight
teams were created to participate in the league.

Cup competitions[edit]

Federation Cup: The Federation Cup (abbreviated as Fed cup) is an annual knockout
style club football tournament in India. It has started in 1977. From its inception till ILeague has been started in 1997 (then called NFL), it was the most prestigious national
level club football tournament in India. Presently it is the most important club tournament
after I-league. Winning club of Federation cup gets a chance to compete in the
continental level in AFC Cup along with I-league champion team.

Durand Cup: The Durand Football Tournament was started by then, India's Foreign
Secretary, Mortimer Durand at Simla, India, in 1888, initial matches were played in
Dagshai. It was basically initiated, as a recreation for British troops stationed in India.
The Durand Cup was twice suspended, during the two world wars. In 1940 the venue
was shifted to New Delhi.

Indian Super Cup: The Indian Super Cup is a one-off annual Indian club association
football match contested between the I-League champions and the Federation Cup
winners. If the I-League champions also won the Federation Cup then the league
runners-up provide the opposition. The winners of the game receive the Shield as a
trophy for the year, while players also receive individual winners medals.

Santosh Trophy: Santosh Trophy is an annual Indian football tournament which is

contested by states and government institutions. The first winners were Bengal, who
also lead the all-time winners list with 31 titles till date.

IFA Shield: The IFA Shield is an annual football competition organized by the Indian
Football Association. It is the fourth oldest club cup competition in the world (Started in
1893) after the English and Scottish FA cup's and the Durand Cup

National team[edit]
Main article: India national football team
The India national football team is the national football team of India and is governed by
the All India Football Federation. It is a member of the Asian Football Confederation. Since
1948, the AIFF has been affiliated with FIFA, the international governing body for football. In
1954, AIFF became one of the founder members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
At the peak of its success during the 1950s and 60s, the team was automatically advanced
to play in the 1950 FIFA World Cup (all the other Asian teams withdrew), but they did not go
to the tournament in Brazil due to the cost of travel, [9] lack of practice time, team selection
issues, their refusal to not play barefoot and valuing Olympics over FIFA World cup. [14] They
won gold medals at two Asian Games, and held the record for the best performance by an
Asian football team at the Olympics.
There are also a number of other national teams from the Under-23 team to the Under-15
team, the under-23's is considered to be a feeder team for the national team.