1. Introduction : Basketball is a sport played by two teams of five players on a rectangular court.

The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.048 m)
high mounted to a backboard at each end. Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely
viewed sports. A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket during regular
play. A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the
three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line. A team can also score via free
throws, which are worth one point, after the other team was assessed with certain fouls. The team
with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is issued when the
score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it while
walking or running or throwing it to a teammate. It is a violation to lift or drag one's pivot foot
without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.

2.1 HISTORY OF BASKETBALL : The game of basketball was created by Dr. James Naismith
a Canadian physical education professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian
Association Training School (YMCA) in December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, to
condition young athletes during cold months.
He published 13 rules for the new game. He divided his class of 18 into two teams of nine players
each and set about to teach them the basics of his new game. The objective of the game was to
throw the basketball into the fruit baskets nailed 10-feet high to the lower railing of the gym
balcony. Every time a point was scored, the game was halted as the baskets retained their bottoms
so balls scored into the basket had to be poked out with a long rod each time. After a while, the
bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed.
In the early years the number of players on a team varied according to the number in the class and
the size of the playing area. In 1895 the number was occasionally set at five by mutual consent; the
rules stipulated five players two years later, and this number has remained ever since.
Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. The first balls made specifically for basketball
were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that Tony Hinkle, searching for a ball that would be
more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball that is now in common use.
Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the "bounce pass" to teammates. Passing the
ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by
the asymmetric shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a major part of the game around the
1950s, as manufacturing improved the ball shape.
The game became established fairly quickly, becoming very popular as the 20th century
progressed, first in America and then throughout the world. After basketball became established in
American colleges, the professional game followed; the American National Basketball Association
(NBA), established in 1949, grew to a multi-billion dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and
basketball became an integral part of American culture. In 1936 basketball became an Olympic
sport, and non-American teams and players progressed to match and sometimes exceed American
standards of play in the later 20th century and the 21st.
Glass backboards were legalized by the professionals in 1908–09 and by colleges in 1909–10.
After its arrival in Europe, basketball developed very quickly. In 1909, there was the first
international match in Saint Petersburg: Mayak Saint Petersburg beat a YMCA American team, the
first great European event was held in 1919 in Joinville-le-Pont, near Germany, during the Inter-
Allied Games.
In 1920–21 the backboards were moved 2 feet (0.6 metre), and in 1939–40 4 feet, in from the end
lines to reduce frequent stepping out-of-bounds.
The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight founding nations: Argentina,
Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland. At this time, the
organization only oversaw amateur players. Its acronym, derived from the French Fédération
Internationale de Basketball Amateur, was thus "FIBA".
Men's Basketball was first included at the Berlin 1936 Summer Olympics, the United States
defeated Canada in the first final, played outdoors. In 1950 the first FIBA World Championship for
men was held in Argentina. Three years later, the first FIBA World Championship for Women was
held in Chile. Women's basketball was added to the Olympics in 1976, which were held in
Montreal.
FIBA dropped the distinction between amateur and professional players in 1989, and in 1992,
professional players played for the first time in the Olympic Games.
WOMEN’S BASKETBALL: Women's basketball development was more structured than that for
men in the early years. These rules called for six to nine players per team and 11 officials. The
International Women's Sports Federation (1924) included a women's basketball competition and in
1926, the Amateur Athletic Union backed the first national women's basketball championship,
complete with men's rules. The NBA-backed Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)
began in 1997.

2.2 History of basketball in India

In India, the game of basketball started its journey in 1930 when it was played for the first time.
The first Indian National Championship for men was contacted in 1934 in New Delhi. The
Basketball Federation of India (BFI), which controls the game in India, was formed in 1950.
Throughout history, Indians learned to appreciate the game because of its fast scoring and intense
activity from the beginning until the end. It is considered as one of the widely played sports in
India.
NBA in India : In 2008, NBA great, Robert Parish, came to India as part of the NBA / WNBA
Hoop School Program. In April 2015, Sim Bhullar, a Canadian of Indian descent, made his
professional debut in the NBA. He became the first player of Indian descent to play in the NBA.
Two months later, Satnam Singh Bhamara became the first Indian to ever be selected in the NBA
by being the 52nd pick in the 2015 NBA draft for the Dallas Mavericks.

3. GOVERNING BODIES
3.1 FIBA : The International Basketball Federation, more commonly known as FIBA from its
French name Fédération internationale de basket-ball, is an association of national organizations
which governs the sport of basketball worldwide. Originally known as the Fédération
internationale de basket-ball amateur (hence FIBA), in 1989 it dropped the word amateur from its
name.
FIBA defines the rules of basketball, specifies the equipment and facilities required, organises
international competitions, regulates the transfer of athletes across countries, and controls the
appointment of international referees. A total of 213 national federations are now members,
organized since 1989 into five zones: Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania.

3.2 BASKETBALL FEDERATION OF INDIA

Basketball Federation of India (BFI) was formed in 1950, is the governing and controlling body
of basketball in India. It is responsible for the development and promotion of the sport at all levels.
BFI manages all the national level basketball operations in India. It is involved in organizing
training camps and national tournaments, and in preparing Indian teams for both men and women
international competitions in various age categories.
First national level tournaments were organized in India in 1934. The India national basketball
team became a member of FIBA in 1936. Poonam Mahajan is the President (and also the first
women President) of Basketball Federation of India. The current head of BFI is R.S. Gill. The
headquarters are located in New Delhi.

4. PLAYFIELD AND EQUIPMENTS

Court : The playing court shall be a rectangular hard surface free from obstructions and shall have
dimensions of 28 m in length by 15 m in width, measured from the inside edge of the boundary
line. The playing court shall be marked by well defined lines, which shall be at every point at least
12m from any obstruction. The lines of the long sides of the court shall be termed the Side lines
and those of the short sides are called End lines. The distance between these lines and the
spectators should be at least 2m.
There is a circle at the center of the court which has a radius of 1.80m. The radius shall be
measured to the outer edge of the circumference. A center line shall be drawn parallel to the end
lines, from the mid points of the side lines and shall extend 15cm beyond each side line.
A team's Front court is that part of the court between the end line behind the opponent's basket and
the nearer edge of the center line. The other part of the court, including the center line, is the team's
Back court.
A Free throw line shall be drawn parallel to each line. It shall have its further edge 5.80m from the
inner edge of the end line and is 3.60m long and its midpoint shall lie on the line joining the mid
points of the two end lines. 
The free throw lanes are the restricted areas extended in the playing court by semi circles with the
radius of 1.80m, their centers at the mid points of the free throw lines. Similar semi circles shall be
drawn with a broken line within the restricted areas. The first space shall be situated 1.80m from
the inside edge of the end line, measured along the line at the side of the free throw line and shall
be 85cm in width.
Three Point Field Goal Area is marked on the court limited by the lines forming two arcs. Each
constructed with a semi circle with a radius of 6.25m to the outer edge, taking as its center, the
point on the floor directly perpendicular to the exact center of the basket and continuing parallel to
the side lines terminating at the end lines. The distance from the inside edge of the mid-point of the
end line to the center point from which the arc is constructed is 1.575m.
The restricted areas shall be spaces marked in the court which are limited by the end lines, the
free throw lines and by lines which originate at the end lines, their outer edges being 3m from the
mid points of the end lines and terminate at the ends of the free throw lines.
4.2.2 Equipment
Competitive levels require the use of more equipment such as clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s),
alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems.

Size of numbers on jersey : Basketball uniforms consist of a jersey that features the number and
last name of the player on the back, as well as shorts and athletic shoes. Each player shall be
numbered on the front and back of his T-shirt with plain numbers of solid colour contrasting with
the colour of the shirt and printed not less than 2 cm wide. The number on the back shall be at least
20 cm high and those on the front at least 10 cm high.
Baskets : The basket used in basket ball shall comprise the rings and the nets. The rings shall be
constructed of solid iron of 0.45 m inside diameter. The diameter of the metal of the rings shall be
between 0.17 m and 0.20 m. The basket should be rigidly attached to the backboards and lie in a
horizontal plane 3.05 m above the floor. The nets of the white cord shall be suspended from the
rings and made in such a way so that they check the ball momentarily as it passes through the
basket. The length of the net is 0.40m.
Ball : The ball used for playing shall be spherical and made of a rubber bladder covered with
leather, rubber or synthetic material. For men, the official ball is 29.5 inches (74.93 cm) in
circumference (size 7, or a "295 ball") and weighs 22 oz (623.69 grams). If women are playing, the
official basketball size is 28.5 inches (72.39 cm) in circumference (size 6, or a "285 ball") with a
weight of 20 oz (567 grams).
Backboards : Each of the two backboards shall be made of hard wood, 3cm thick or of a suitable
transparent material and their dimensions shall be 1.80m horizontally and 1.20m vertically.
Borders of the backboards shall be marked with a line 5cm wide. These lines shall be of a colour
contrasting with the back ground. The backboards shall be rigidly mounted in a position at each
end of the court at right angles to the floor, parallel to the end lines and with their lower edges
2.75m above the floor. Their centers shall lie in the perpendiculars erected at the points in the court
1.20m from the mid points of the end lines.
Original Rules : There were only thirteen rules of basket ball-
1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2. A player cannot run with the ball, the player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it,
allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at good speed.
3. The ball must be held in or between the hands, the arms or body must not be used for holding it.
4. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall
be allowed. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count as a foul , the second
shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or if there was evident intent to injure the
person, for the whole of the game, no substitute.
5. A foul is striking the ball with the fist, violation of rules 3 and 4, and such as described in rule 5.
6. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown from grounds into the basket and stays there If the
ball rests on the edge and the opponent moves the basket it shall count as a goal.
7. When the ball goes out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field and played by the person first
touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the field. The "thrower-in"
is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in
delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them.
8. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls, and notify the referee when
three consecutive fouls have been made.
9. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in-bounds, and
to which side it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made,
and keep account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a referee.
10. The time shall be fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between.
11. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In the case of a
draw, the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is made.

TIME RULES : Games are played in four quarters of 10 (FIBA) or 12 minutes (NBA). 15 minutes
are allowed for a half-time break under FIBA, NBA rules. Overtime periods are five minutes in
length except for high school. Teams exchange baskets for the second half. The time allowed is
actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active. Therefore, games generally
take much longer to complete than the allotted game time, typically about two hours.
24-SECOND RULE : After a team gains possession of the ball, they have 24 seconds - timed by a
"shot clock" - to shoot. Possession is handed to the other team if they fail to do so.
EIGHT-SECOND RULE : After the attacking team gains possession of the ball in their own half,
they have eight seconds to move the ball into the opposition's half. Otherwise they lose possession.
FIVE-SECOND RULE :Throw-ins from the sidelines or free throws must be taken within five
seconds of the re-start.
THREE-SECOND RULE : A player can only be in the opposition's restricted area - or the "key" - for
three seconds. A violation will be called if the player does not leave in time.
TIMEOUTS : Play can be stopped for coaches to discuss tactics and game plans with their players.
Each team can call two time outs in the first half and a total of three in the second half, each lasting
for a maximum of 60 seconds. Only one per team is available in overtime regardless of its duration.

FOULS AND VIOLATIONS : Rule infractions generally fall into one of two categories: Fouls or
violations. The penalty for a violation is less severe than the penalty for a foul. Also, a player may
commit any number of violations, but only five fouls during a game.
FOULS: In basketball, a foul is an infraction of the rules more serious than a violation. Most fouls
occur because of illegal personal contact with an opponent and / or unsportsmanlike behavior.
Ordinary fouls are routine because of the constant motion inherent in the sport and are not viewed
as bad sportsmanship. More serious fouls are regarded as bad sportsmanship, and the penalties are
designed to be disciplinary.
Fouls can result in one or more of the following penalties:
 The team whose player committed the foul loses possession of the ball to the other team.
 The fouled player is awarded one or more free throws.
 The player committing the foul "fouls out" of the game.
 The player committing the foul is suspended from some number of subsequent games.
Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.
a) Hitting b) Pushing c) Slapping d) Holding
 Illegal pick / screen-When an offensive player sticks out a limb and makes physical contact with
a defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender.
 Charging: An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive
player. The ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.
 Blocking: Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position
in time to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.
 Flagrant foul: Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching.
 Intentional foul: When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable
effort to steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
 Technical foul: In basketball, a technical foul is any infraction of the rules penalized as a foul
which does not involve physical contact during the course of play between opposing players on
the court, or is a foul by a non-player. The most common technical foul is for unsportsmanlike
conduct. . Foul language, obscenity, obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a
technical foul, as can technical details regarding filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking
during warm-ups. 
 A player or coach who shows poor sportsmanship, such as by arguing with a referee or by
fighting with another player, can be charged with a technical foul.
 Multiple foul: A multiple foul is a basketball situation in which a player is fouled by two
opponents at approximately the same time, with the second foul coming before the whistle has
blown because of the first foul. Each foul carries a separate penalty.
 Team Foul: A team foul is generally assessed at the same time as a personal foul is assessed to a
player belonging to that team. If a team is over their team foul limit upon the issuing of a team
foul, the player on the opposing team who was fouled will shoot two free throws.

Violation : An infringement of the rules, which does not involve contact. The opposing team is
awarded the ball for a throw-in from out of bounds. The typical penalty for a violation is loss of the
ball to the other team. There are different types of violations in basketball-
1.Ball-handling violations:
 Backcourt violation (Over and back)-This includes touching the ball in the backcourt after it has
entered the frontcourt and was not last touched by the other team or failure to bring the ball from
the backcourt into the frontcourt within the allotted time of 8 seconds.
 Carrying- Carrying, also colloquially referred to as palming, is a violation in the game of
basketball. It occurs when the dribbling player continues to dribble after allowing the ball to
come to rest in one or both hands.
 Double dribble- A double dribble in basketball occurs when a player stops dribbling the ball and
starts dribbling again or when a player dribbles with two hands simultaneously.
 Traveling- In basketball, traveling is a violation of the rules that occurs when a player holding
the ball moves one or both of his feet illegally. Most commonly, a player travels by illegally
moving his or her pivot foot or taking three or more steps without dribbling the ball.
2. Excessive time taken violations:
 Defensive three-second violation- It is a basketball rules infraction. It is assessed when a
member of the defending team spends more than three seconds in the free throw lane (also known
as the 16-foot lane, or colloquially as "in the paint") while not actively guarding an opponent. To
be considered actively guarding, a defender must be within arm's length of an opponent and in a
guarding position.
 Five-second rule- A five-second closely guarded violation may be called against an offensive
player with the ball when that player is guarded closely for five seconds or more and does not
pass, shoot, or dribble within that time.
 Shot clock violation, and the related time limit to reach the frontcourt- A Shot Clock
Violation occurs when a player on the team with possession is still touching the ball when the
shot clock expires. The shot clock will reset back to the full allotted time when possession
changes or a shot hits the rim or goes in the hoop. When a Shot Clock Violation occurs, the
defending team will gain possession, and inbound the ball from the sideline.
 Three seconds rule (Lane violation)-It happens when A Player on the Foul Lanes enters the key
before the shot is released by the player shooting the free throw. A Player on the Perimeter or the
Free Throw Shooter crosses the Free Throw Line before the ball makes contact with the Rim.
3. Other violations:
 Basket interference- Basket interference is the violation of (a) touching the ball or any part of
the basket while the ball is on the rim of the basket, (b) touching the ball when it is within the
cylinder extending upwards from the rim, (c) reaching up through the basket from below and
 touching the ball, whether it is inside or outside the cylinder, or (d) pulling down on the rim of
the basket so that it contacts the ball before returning to its original position.
 Goaltending- Goaltending is the violation of interfering with the ball while it’s on its way to the
basket and it is (a) in a downward flight, (b) entirely above the rim and has the possibility of
entering the basket, and (c) not touching the rim.
 Stepping out of bounds and throwing the ball out of bounds may also be considered violations
that result in loss of the ball.
 A player has 10 seconds to attempt a free throw. If the player does not attempt a free throw within
10 seconds of receiving the ball, the free throw attempt is lost, and a free throw violation is
called.
 A charge is physical contact between an offensive player and a defensive player. In order to draw
an offensive charge the defensive player must establish legal guarding positioning in the path of
the offensive player. If contact is made, the officials would issue an offensive charge. No points
will be allowed and the ball is turned over. The defensive player may not draw an offensive
charge in the "restricted zone" .
 Blocking is physical contact between the offensive player and the defensive player. Blocking
fouls are issued when a defensive player interferes with the path of the offensive player in the
shooting motion. Blocking fouls are easily called when the defensive player is standing in the
"restricted zone".

DUTIES OF SCORER AND TIMEKEEPER

Duties of Scorer
   Players’ Names- The scorer should check to make sure all player’s names by number with their
last name included. The players are listed in the order to make it easier to find the player for
recording points and fouls.
  Player Participation- As a player enters the game at the beginning of the quarter a diagonal
slash should be placed through the appropriate block next to the player’s name. If the player exits
the game during that quarter then the slash for that quarter should be circled, indicating that the
player did not play the entire quarter. 
 Personal and Team Fouls-Next to each player’s name are also blocks for keeping track of
personal fouls called against each player. When a foul is called on a player a slash should be
placed in the appropriate box next to his name. In addition, at the bottom of the page are blocks
for keeping track of team fouls in each half. Any foul against a player is also a foul against the
team and a mark should be placed in the appropriate block for team fouls. Total team fouls start
over in the second half.
 Jump Ball- At the top of the page, the scorer should alternate letters for each team (based on
team color) to keep track of alternate possession.
 Team Score and Player Scoring-The book is the official score, not the clock. As such the most
important job of the scorer is making sure they have the score correct. Team score is kept at the
top of the page by putting slashes through the appropriate number as the team scores. 
 Player Substitution- During a quarter, if a coach wishes to substitute a player on the bench for a
player on the game, the player coming into the game should report to the scorer and indicate
which player they are coming in for. Substitutions can only be made on a dead ball (clock is
stopped) situation. If the clock is running the player should sit down in front of the scorer. When
a dead ball situation occurs, the scorer should get the attention of the referee and indicate the
 substitute player. Player’s should enter the game only after the referee has given them permission
to do so. 
 Working with the Referees-The scorer should try to alert the referee when a player is in foul
trouble (three or more fouls) and must alert the referee when the player has five fouls (player is
removed from the game). 

Duties of Timekeeper :
 Time for Quarters- The timekeeper has to set the clock at the beginning of each quarter with the
correct amount of time.
 Team Score- The timekeeper has to keep score on the clock for each team during the game. 
 Quarter Indication-The timekeeper has to indicate the appropriate quarter for the game.
 Team Fouls and Bonus-The timekeeper keep a record of team fouls if possible and indicates on
the clock if the team is in the bonus.
 Half-time. The timekeeper sets the clock for three minutes at half-time and lets it run.
 Running the Clock-The timekeeper starts and stops the clock as indicated by the referee. The
clock should stop when the timekeeper hears a referee’s whistle and at no other time.
 Priority of Responsibilities-The timekeeper has to make sure that the correct time is on the clock
and that the clock starts and stops when appropriate. The score of the game is the second priority
for the timekeeper and the score should match the score in the book. 

Skills of the Game :

1.Passing :
a) Chest Pass : The chest pass is named so because the pass originates from the chest. It is thrown by
gripping the ball on the sides with the thumbs directly behind the ball. When the pass is thrown, the
fingers are rotated behind the ball and the thumbs are turned down.
When throwing a chest pass, the players should strive to throw it to the receiver's chest level.
b) Bounce Pass: The bounce pass is thrown with the same motion however it is aimed at the floor. It
should be thrown far enough out that the ball bounces waist high to the receiver. Some say try to
throw it 3/4 of the way to the receiver, and that may be a good reference point to start, but each
player has to experiment how far to throw it so it bounces to the receiver properly.
c) Overhead Pass: The overhead pass is often used as an outlet pass. Bring the ball directly above your
forehead with both hands on the side of the ball and follow through. Aim for the teammate's chin.
d) Wrap Around Pass: Step around the defense with your non-pivot foot. Pass the ball with one hand
(outside hand). It can be used as an air or a bounce pass.
Advanced Passes
a) Baseball Pass : A baseball pass is a one-handed pass that uses the same motion as a baseball
throw. This is often used to make long passes.
b) Dribble Pass : The dribble pass is used to quickly pass the ball with one hand off the dribble. This
can be an air or bounce pass. Steve Nash does this all the time. 
c) Behind-the-back Pass : A behind-the-back pass is when you wrap the ball around your back to
throw the ball. It is used to avoid the defender when making a pass across the front of you would
be risky.

2.Dribbling : Dribbling was not part of the original game, but was introduced in 1901. At the time,
a player could only bounce the ball once, and could not shoot after he had dribbled. The definition
 of dribbling became the "continuous passage of the ball" in 1909, allowing more than one bounce,
and a player who had dribbled was then allowed to shoot.

Types of Dribbling:
a. High dribble : A normal dribble, usually when there are no nearby defenders to steal the ball.
b. Low dribble : Keeping the ball low to the floor, thus decreasing the area between the hand and
the floor, making it more difficult to steal the ball.
c. Crossover : If your defender is making a strong attempt to prevent you from going right or left,
using a crossover dribble can be effective. For example, if your defender is trying to prevent you
from going to your right, you would perform a crossover dribble to your left. To do so, flick the
ball across your body from your right hand to your left hand, while simultaneously moving your
right foot across your body to your left. It is important to keep your body low; your dribble should
be no higher than your knees. Accelerate past your defender by pushing off with your left foot.
d. Between the Legs : The between the legs dribble is used to go past a defender who is overplaying
you. If you are going left, begin with rapid low dribbles with your right hand. Take a deep step
forward with your left foot and flick the ball through your legs to your left hand. Keep your body
low as you move forward to your left.
e. Behind the Back : If you want to change directions while keeping a good view of the entire court,
a behind the back dribble can be effective. If you want to move to your left, begin dribbling with
your right hand. To execute this dribble you need to place your hand on the side of the ball. Step
forward with your left foot while simultaneously wrapping the ball behind your back, across the
back of your thighs, and flick the ball toward your left hand. Be sure to plant your right foot
before stepping forward with your left foot.

3. SHOOTING
Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket, methods
varying with players and situations. Most common shots are:
Set Shot: The set shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the floor,
typically used for free throws.
Jump Shot: The jump shot is taken in mid-air, the ball released near the top of the jump. This
provides much greater power and range, and it also allows the player to elevate over the defender.
Lay-up (Lap Shot) shot: This shot requires the player to be in motion toward the basket, and to
"lay" the ball "up" and into the basket, typically off the backboard.
Dunk Shot: The most crowd-pleasing and typically highest-percentage accuracy shot is the slam
dunk, in which the player jumps very high and throws the ball downward, through the basket while
touching it.
Free throw : Before attempting to shoot, you must maintain your balance. Find the nail or dot in
the middle of the free throw line and line your shooting foot up against it. For right-handed
shooters, the shooting foot will be your right foot. After finding your balance, your elbow on your
shooting hand must be lined up to make an “L” right under the ball with fingers spread out for
backspin. Aim for the back of the rim with your eyes focusing on the rim. After you release the
ball, keep your hand up in the air for a second or two after the ball leaves it as follow-through.
Bank shot : A bank shot is a shot that has to bounce off of the backboard before the ball goes into
the basket. It is useful as the backboard helps guide the ball giving the shot a better accuracy.
Three Point Throw: A three-point field goal (also 3-pointer) is a field goal in a basketball game
made from beyond the three-point line, a designated arc surrounding the basket. A successful
 attempt is worth three points, in contrast to the two points awarded for field goals made within the
three-point line and the one point for each made free throw.

TERMINOLOGIES :
 Air ball: A shot at the basket that misses everything and doesn't touch the rim, backboard or net.
 Alley-Oop: When one player jumps and catches a pass from another player and simultaneously
dunks the ball or shoots it in before landing.
 Assist: A pass to a teammate that results in a made basket.
 Backboard: The flat surface directly behind the basket. The basket is connected to the backboard.
 Backdoor: An offensive move where a player cuts behind the defenders and receives a pass for a
field-goal attempt.
 Bank Shot: A shot where the ball is first bounced or banked off the backboard at such an angle
that it then drops into the basket.
 Blind Pass: A pass from a ball handler who does not see their receiver but is estimating where they
should be.
 Blocked Shot: The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way to the
basket, and preventing a field goal.
 Cut: A quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an advantage over the
defense usually directed towards the basket.
 Dead: Offensive player has the ball and has already used their dribble. They must now either pass
or shot the ball.
 Dead Ball: Any player with the ball that is not alive. This occurs after each successful field goal,
free-throw attempt, after any official‘s whistle or if the ball leaves the court, then play is stopped.
 Double Dribble: The act of dribbling the ball, stopping the dribble or motion of the ball and
beginning to dribble again. Results in a violation and turnover.
 Dunk: A shot in which a jumping player slams the ball down into the opponent‘s basket from
above.
 Fake: A movement made with the aim of deceiving an opponent. This can be done with either a
pass or a shot fake.
 Fast-break: The act of moving the ball quickly down court by an offensive team in hopes of
getting ahead of the defense to score.
 Feed: To pass the ball to a teammate who is in a scoring position.
 Field Goal: When the ball enters the basket from above the rim during play. It is worth two points.
 Fouled Out: A player having to leave the game because they have committed five fouls.
 Free Ball: A ball which is in play but is not in the possession of either team, also called a loose
ball.
 Guarding: The act of following an opponent around the court to prevent them from getting close
to the basket, taking an open short or making easy passes.
 High post: A player who is stationed in or near the free throw semicircle on offense.
 Inbounds: The area within the end lines and sidelines of the court.
 Incidental Contact: Minor contact usually overlooked by officials which does not give the
opposing team an unfair advantage or affect the outcome of the game.
 Jump shot: Field-goal attempt by a player with both feet off the floor, enabling the player to shoot
over the defender.
 Lay-up or Lay in: A shot taken after driving to the basket by leaping up under the basket and
using one hand to shoot the ball off the backboard.
 Loose Ball: A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team.
 Pivot: A center, also the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball handler who has
stopped dribbling is ready to pass or shoot.
 Possession: To be holding or in control of the ball.
 Rebound: A term used to describe the actual retrieving of the ball as it rebounds from the
backboard or the ring after a missed shot.
 Receiver: The player who receives a pass from the ball handler.
 Referee: The person(s) assigned to the game to maintain the flow and integrity of the game.
 Shooting Range: The distance from which a player is likely to make their shots.
 Steal: To take the ball away from an opponent.
 Substitute: A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.
 Throw-in: The method by which a team with possession inbounds the ball.
 Time-out: A period of sixty seconds during which the play is stopped and teams discuss strategy
and a moment to allow players to rest.
 Tip-off: The initial jump ball that starts the game.
 Trailer: An offensive player that follows behind the ball-handler.

Important Tournaments ( International) :

Basketball World Cup : The Basketball World Championship or Basketball World Cup was
created by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). It is held every four years between
Olympic Games and was first held in Argentina in 1950. Until 2002, the top sixteen national
basketball teams were part of every World Cup, but beginning in Japan 2006, the number of
participating nations was increased to 24.
Olympic Games : Basketball was introduced as an Olympic sport in Berlin 1936. From the
beginning it was dominated by the USA National Team that won the first seven golden medals.
NBA players weren't allow to participate in the Olympic Games until 1992.
NBA : The NBA is the most important basketball League around the world and it is where the top
basketball players of the history have played. The League currently have 30 teams , distributed in 6
divisions, that play 82 games.
Other Basketball Tournaments :
a) Euro Basket b) FIBA Americas Championship c) FIBA Asia Championship
d) FIBA Africa Championship e) FIBA Oceania Championship
All these events are for both the gender.
Important Tournaments ( India) :
Federation Cup : The Federation Cup is one of the prestigious Basketball tournaments in India.
The Annual tournament follows a League cum Knockout format between 9 teams every year.
UBA Pro League : The United Basketball Alliance (UBA) is the first men‘s professional
basketball league in India; comprising eight teams. It is the premier men‘s professional basketball
league in India.
National Championship : The National Championships is the oldest Basketball tournaments in
India. It is an annual professional basketball tournament in India. This tournament is held by the
Basketball Federation of India. The National Championships in India happens for different
categories based on age- Junior Men and Women; Sub-Junior Men and Women; Senior Men and
Women. It is a league cum knock-out format tournament.

ISBL and ISCL

The ISBL and the ISCL are two new leagues to promote basketball at the grassroots levels in
various schools and colleges in India.

IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES (India )

Vishesh Bhriguvanshi
The 25-year-old is one of the most influential players in the Indian team. He has already captained
the Indian side in last year‘s FIBA Asia Championship, and could play a crucial role in inspiring
the youngsters in the Indian squad.
Amritpal Singh
Standing at seven feet tall, Amritpal Singh is the tallest player in the Indian side. However, unlike
last year, the Japan-based center has been given a much bigger role in the team
Amjyot singh
India‘s star man Amjyot Singh is perhaps the most important cog in coach Yadav‘s machinery. The
six-foot-nine-inch framed hoopster came to the forefront of Indian basketball after he became the
country‘s highest scorer at last year‘s FIBA Asia Championship, netting 20.9 points per game.
IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES (International )
A. Michael Jordan : Michael Jordan is a living legend in basketball. He is an all-around player.
He defies the law of gravity by launching way off the usual distance while making a dunk. He is
also infamous because of his fade-away shot which is virtually impossible to block. Michael
Jordan manifested exceptional talent in handling the ball and driving straight towards the basket
despite being guarded by among the best defenders in NBA.
B. Magic Johnson : Magic Johnson’s name is not just for show. He literally does magic in the
court with his brilliant passes. He may not have absurd leaping ability and strength like most
famous basketball players have but Magic Johnson dominates a game through a unique approach.
Instead of scoring, he lets his teammates do the job by drawing the defenses towards him. Once he
attracts at least two defenders, he then passes the ball behind his back to an open teammate.
C. Shaquille o’Neal : Shaquille O’Neal was the most dominant player of his generation. It was
unfair how he brutalized defenders with his size and strength. He led the Los Angeles Lakers to
three consecutive NBA Championships in the early 2000s, winning three Finals MVPs in the
process.