Introduction To PAUT

What is Phased Array
Phased Array Ultrasonic Inspection is the computer controlled

triggering of individual element in a multi element probe. The PA
probe consists of many small ultrasonic elements, each of which
can be pulsed independently.
In conventional UT, a single piezoelectric element

converts an electrical signal into a mechanical
vibration.
A Phased Array probe is a long conventional probe cut into

many small elements, which are individually excited.
All elements can be triggered individualy
Full coverage from a calculated distance.
It is like having many small conventional UT

probes integrated inside a single probe.
128 elements !
How Does Phased Array Work?
Ultrasonic phased arrays

consist of a series of
individual elements, each
with its own connector, time
delay circuit.
Elements are acoustically
insulated from each other.
Elements are pulsed in
groups with precalculated
time delays for each element
(i.e., phasing).
By Applying Delay we can achieve
Beam Steering
Beam Focusing
Beam Steering + Focusing

Beam Steering
Provides the capability to modify the refracted angle

of the beam generated by the array probe.
Allows for multiple angle inspections, using a single
Phased Array
probe. Conventional UT
(simulating the refracted angle by applying delay)
(angle beam probe)

Beam Focusing
Provides the capability to converge the acoustic

energy onto a small focal spot.
Allows for focusing at several depths, using a single
probe.

Beam Steering + Focusing
By combining both steering and focusing focal laws

(delay applied to each element is in green), the focal
point can be angled.
Using a single group of elements, on the same probe,

different beam configurations can be performed:
No time delay
Steering
Focusing
Steering + focusing
Phased Array Scanning Type

Linear Electronic Scan
The movement of the

acoustic beam is along
the axis of the array,
without any mechanical
movement.
10
Phased Array Scanning Type

Sectorial Scan
The ability to scan a

complete sector of volume
without
any
probe
movement.
Useful for inspection of
complex geometries, or
geometries with space
restrictions.
11
Faster Inspection.
Reliable. Advantages of Phased Array
Improved inspection capabilities through software control
of beam characteristics
Technique sheet development based on job configuration.
Inspection with multiple angles with single, electronically
controlled probe
No Radiation Hazard.
Permanent record of scanning data.
Software generated report with indication details.
12
Phased Array Data Views
A Scan
B Scan
C Scan
S Scan
13
A display in which the

received pulse amplitude
is represented as a
displacement along one
axis (usually the y-axis)
and the travel time of the
ultrasonic
pulse
is
represented
as
a
displacement along the
other axis (usually the xaxis)
Amplitude Axis
A Scan
Sound Travel Time Axis
14
B Scan
The B-scan presentations is a profile (cross-sectional)

view of the test specimen
Depth Axis
Depth Axis
Scan Axis
15
Scan Axis
C Scan
A two dimensional presentation of data displayed as

a top or planar view of a test piece.
Scan Axis
PA Probe
Ultrasound Axis
16
S Scan
Sectorial scan view is

unique to phased array
equipment. In a linear
scan, all focal laws
employed a fixed angle
with
sequencing
apertures.
Sectorial
scans, on the other
hand,
use
fixed
apertures and steer
through a sequence of
angles.
Ultrasound Axis
17
Phased Array
Probes
Element arrangement
of Phased
Array probes
1D Linear- This is the most commonly used array

plan in both straight beam and angle beam
inspections. Easily manufactured and mounted on
wedges, focuses in one axis at different depths and
angles.
2D Square- Steering capability in

dimensions, spherical or single-axis focus.
1.5D Square- Excellent steering capability, focuses

in one axis at different depths and angles
1D Annulardepths
2D Annular- Elliptical or spherical beam with

steering capability at different depths and angles.
1D Circular- Elliptical or spherical beam with

steering capability at different depths, typically
used for curved targets
three
Spherical focusing at different
18
Scanning
Scanning will be carried
out with the help of suitable
Probes, Scanner & Inspection unit.
Weld Inspection by using Omniscan MX2 & HSMT Compact

Scanner
Thin wall tube inspection by using Omniscan MX

& Cobra Scanner
Corrosion mapping using Omniscan MX2 & Glider Scanner

19
Scanned data will beAnalysis

analyzed by PC based software
The images mentioned above are captured from Tomoview software.

TomoView is a PC-based software developed by Olympus used for design, data
acquisition, and analysis of ultrasonic signals.
20
Software generatedReporting
report with indication details
21
Phased Array Equipment
Omniscan MX2
Manufacturer- Olympus, Canada
Phasor XS
Manufacturer- GE, USA
Isonic
Manufacturer- Sonotron NDT, Israel
TOPAZ
Manufacturer- ZETEC, China
22
SUPOR
Manufacturer- SIUI, China
TD FOCUS SCAN
Manufacturer- Technology Design, UK
Scanners
Can be operated from 6 OD to flat surface.
Automatic movement.
Laser guide to maintain proper index.
Can hold maximum 6 probes at a time.
Strong Magnetic wheels.
WeldRover
HSMT
Can be operated from 4.5 OD to flat surface.

Manual movement.
Magnetic wheels.
Can be operated from 0.84 OD to 4.5 OD

Scanners
Cobra Scanner
Manual movement.
Spring loaded design to hold onto carbon
steel and stainless steel pipes
Can be configured to make one-sided
inspections with only one probe.
Clearance -12mm
Magman
Manufacturer- Phoenix, UK
Can be operated from 1.5 OD to flat surface.

Manual movement.
Magnetic wheels.
Can be operated from 0.5 OD to 4 OD

Scanners
Manual movement.
Designed to hold onto carbon steel and
stainless steel pipes
Can be configured to make one-sided
inspections with only one probe.
Clearance -13mm
Bracelet
Manufacturer- Phoenix, UK

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What is Phased Array

Phased Array Ultrasonic Inspection is the computer controlled

In conventional UT, a single piezoelectric element

What is Phased Array

A Phased Array probe is a long conventional probe cut into

What is Phased Array

It is like having many small conventional UT

How Does Phased Array Work?

Ultrasonic phased arrays

How Does Phased Array Work?

By Applying Delay we can achieve

How Does Phased Array Work?

Provides the capability to modify the refracted angle

How Does Phased Array Work?

Provides the capability to converge the acoustic

How Does Phased Array Work?

By combining both steering and focusing focal laws

How Does Phased Array Work?

Using a single group of elements, on the same probe,

Phased Array Scanning Type

The movement of the

Phased Array Scanning Type

The ability to scan a

Phased Array Data Views

Phased Array Data Views

A display in which the

Sound Travel Time Axis

Phased Array Data Views

The B-scan presentations is a profile (cross-sectional)

A two dimensional presentation of data displayed as

Phased Array Data Views

Phased Array Data Views

Sectorial scan view is

1D Linear- This is the most commonly used array

2D Square- Steering capability in

1.5D Square- Excellent steering capability, focuses

2D Annular- Elliptical or spherical beam with

1D Circular- Elliptical or spherical beam with

Spherical focusing at different

Weld Inspection by using Omniscan MX2 & HSMT Compact

Thin wall tube inspection by using Omniscan MX

Corrosion mapping using Omniscan MX2 & Glider Scanner

Scanned data will beAnalysis

The images mentioned above are captured from Tomoview software.

Phased Array Equipment

Can be operated from 4.5 OD to flat surface.

Can be operated from 0.84 OD to 4.5 OD

Can be operated from 1.5 OD to flat surface.

Can be operated from 0.5 OD to 4 OD

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