Retaining Wall Design
Retaining Wall Design
Retaining Wall Design
WALL-002
Cantilever concrete wall
(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004, EC0 EN1990-1-1:2002, EC7 EN1997-1-1:2004, EC8 EN1998-5:2004, )
h= 9.400 m
L=10.000 m
B1= 0.400 m
B2= 1.200 m
B= 6.500 m
0.800 m
4.500 m
8.200 m
1.200 m
1.200 m
1.200 m
0.000 (0:1)
5.572 (1:10.3)
X
s
Pa
Y0
Pp
Y
X0
Weight of wall
Cross section area of wall
Self weight per meter of wall
Center of gravity of wall at
A=14.360 m
W= 14.360x25.000= 359.00 kN/m
x=-1.129 m, y=6.965 m (xo=2.329 m, yo=2.435 m)
Wall materials
Steam
:
:
Footing :
:
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
(EN1992-1-1, 3)
(EN1992-1-1, 4.4.1)
Weight of backfill
Weight of backfill per meter Ws=803.60 kN/m
Center of gravity of backfill x=-2.830 m, y=4.100 m
1.2. Partial factors for actions and soil properties
qu=0.50 N/mm
c=0.000 N/mm
gh=axg, a=0.27
S=1.00
seismic
seismic
seismic
seismic
force
force
force
force
Top
point A x=-5.300 m y= 0.000 m
Bottom point B x=-5.300 m y= 9.400 m
PA
Soil properties
Soil type : Thin
qA
gravel
Hs
qB
B
Cohesion of ground
c=0.000 N/mm
STR
GEO
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
KA =
Permanent actions
EQU
STR
GEO
qA= 0.00
0.00
0.00 kN/m
qB= 67.87 50.95 67.87 kN/m
Pa=318.99 239.46 318.99 kN/m
Method Mononobe-Okabe
(EC8 Annex E.4)
for active earth force during seismic loading
Coefficient of active earth pressure, Ke*= 0.475
Additional earth pressure due to seismic load
KE=
qA
Soil properties
Soil type : Dense sand
Hs
PP
Cohesion of ground
c=0.000 N/mm
qB
B
y
STR
GEO
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
Kp =
Permanent actions
EQU
STR
GEO
qA= 0.00
0.00
0.00 kN/m
qB=-65.93 -87.82 -65.93 kN/m
Pp= 46.15 61.47 46.15 kN/m
Action
Active earth pressure
Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight
y1 Pa
Pp
W
Ws
y2
0.00- 9.40
8.00- 9.40
Fx
[kN/m]
318.99
-46.15
0.00
0.00
Fy
x
[kN/m] [m]
0.00 -5.300
0.00 1.200
359.00 -1.129
803.60 -2.830
(EQU)
y
[m]
6.267
8.933
6.965
4.100
N
e
Pa
h
Y0
Pp
X0
Check for 0.90x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+0.00x(top vertical live load)
y0
Pax1.10
W x0.90
Wsx0.90
0.00- 9.40
Check is verified
q
(EC7 Annex D)
(EC7 Eq.2.2, Eq.6.1)
Check for 1.10x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+1.50x(top vertical live load)
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
Pax1.10
W x1.10
Wsx1.10
0.00- 9.40
x0
q
(EC7 Annex D)
Check is verified
(EQU)
Pax1.10
W x0.90
Wsx0.90
x0
Pax1.10
Ppx0.90
W x0.90
Wsx0.90
s
Y0
Pa
Pp
X0
Fs =c.B+W.tan( )
Action
Active earth pressure
Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight
y1 Pa
Pp
W
Ws
y2
0.00- 9.40
8.00- 9.40
Fx
[kN/m]
239.46
-61.47
0.00
0.00
(STR)
Fy
x
[kN/m] [m]
0.00 -5.300
0.00 1.200
359.00 -1.129
803.60 -2.830
y
[m]
6.267
8.933
6.965
4.100
N
e
Pa
h
Y0
Pp
X0
Check for 1.00x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+0.00x(top vertical live load)
y0
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
Pax1.35
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
0.00- 9.40
x0
q
(EC7 Annex D)
Check is verified
Check for 1.35x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+1.50x(top vertical live load)
Pax1.35
W x1.35
Wsx1.35
0.00- 9.40
q
(EC7 Annex D)
Check is verified
(STR)
Pax1.35
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
x0
Pax1.35
Ppx1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
s
Y0
Pp
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
Pa
X0
Fs =c.B+W.tan( )
Action
Active earth pressure
Passive earth pressure
Wall weight
Backfill weight
y1 Pa
Pp
W
Ws
y2
0.00- 9.40
8.00- 9.40
Fx
[kN/m]
318.99
-46.15
0.00
0.00
Fy
x
[kN/m] [m]
0.00 -5.300
0.00 1.200
359.00 -1.129
803.60 -2.830
y
[m]
6.267
8.933
6.965
4.100
(GEO)
N
e
Pa
h
Y0
Pp
X0
Check for 1.00x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+0.00x(top vertical live load)
y0
Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
0.00- 9.40
x0
q
(EC7 Annex D)
Check is verified
Check for 1.00x(self weight+top vertical dead load)+1.30x(top vertical live load)
Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
0.00- 9.40
(EC7 Annex D)
Check is verified
(GEO)
Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
x0
Pax1.00
Ppx1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
s
Y0
Pa
Pp
X0
Fs =c.B+W.tan( )
(EC8 EN1998-1-1:2004)
N
e
Action
y1 -
y2
Pa
0.00- 9.40
Pp
W
Ws
8.00- 9.40
Fx
[kN/m]
239.46
Fy
x
[kN/m] [m]
0.00 -5.300
y
[m]
6.267
-61.47
0.00
0.00
0.00 1.200
359.00 -1.129
803.60 -2.830
8.933
6.965
4.100
Pa
h
Y0
Pp
X0
y1 Pa
W
Ws
y2
0.00- 9.40
Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
Fx
[kN/m]
180.31
64.62
144.65
Fy
[kN/m]
x
y
[m]
[m]
-5.300 6.267
-32.31-1.129 6.965
-72.32-2.830 4.100
0.00- 9.40
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
(EC7 6.5.2)
Bq
(EC7 Annex D)
(EC7 9.7.4)
Pax1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
Pax1.00
Ppx1.00
W x1.00
Wsx1.00
Pa
Y0
Pp
X0
Fs =c.B+W.tan( )
(resisting forces from effective cohesion are neglected)
Sum of driving forces
= 629.04 kN/m
Sum of resisting forces (61.47+1057.97) = 1119.44 kN/m
Sliding resistance check Hd=629.04 < Rd=1119.44 kN/m, Check is verified
(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004)
y
[m]
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.20
h
[m]
0.498
0.595
0.693
0.790
0.888
0.985
1.083
1.200
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
Fx
[kN/m]
3.66
14.63
32.93
58.54
91.46
131.71
179.27
246.00
Fy
[kN/m]
11.22
24.88
40.98
59.51
80.49
103.90
129.75
164.00
M
[kNm/m]
1.48
10.89
35.66
83.20
161.04
276.48
436.98
699.65
Y
x
M
h
[m]
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.20
[kN/m]
1.48
10.89
35.66
83.20
161.04
276.48
436.98
699.65
[kN]
-11.22
-24.88
-40.98
-59.51
-80.49
-103.90
-129.75
-164.00
[mm]
468
565
663
760
858
955
1053
1170
23.58
13.49
9.50
7.42
6.15
5.30
4.69
4.15
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.2/20.0
0.4/20.0
0.6/20.0
0.8/20.0
1.0/20.0
1.2/20.0
1.3/20.0
1.6/20.0
2.31
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.34
2.35
2.36
[cm/m]
0.00
0.15
0.76
1.85
3.44
5.58
8.26
12.24
[cm/m]
( 4.98)
( 7.64)
( 8.96)
( 10.28)
( 11.60)
( 12.92)
( 14.24)
( 15.82)
h
[m]
0.498
0.595
0.693
0.790
0.888
0.985
1.083
1.200
Fx
[kN/m]
22.97
55.88
98.73
151.52
214.25
286.92
369.54
481.79
Fy
M
[kN/m] [kNm/m]
11.22
10.94
24.88
50.50
40.98
128.71
59.51
255.64
80.49
441.48
103.90
696.09
129.75 1029.61
164.00 1548.30
Y
x
M
h
[m]
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.20
[kN/m]
10.94
50.50
128.71
255.64
441.48
696.09
1029.61
1548.30
[kN]
-11.22
-24.88
-40.98
-59.51
-80.49
-103.90
-129.75
-164.00
[mm]
468
565
663
760
858
955
1053
1170
12.78
7.48
5.57
4.56
3.94
3.50
3.18
2.89
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.4/20.0
0.8/20.0
1.1/20.0
1.4/20.0
1.7/20.0
2.0/20.0
2.3/20.0
2.7/20.0
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.41
[cm/m]
0.41
1.78
4.06
7.22
11.25
16.14
21.93
30.07
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
[cm/m]
( 6.32)
( 7.64)
( 8.96)
( 10.28)
( 11.60)
( 12.92)
( 14.24)
( 15.82)
(EC2 8.4)
(EC2 Eq.8.3)
(EC2 8.4.2)
(EC2 8.4.4, T.8.2)
(3, 4.4.1.1)
(EC2 6.2.2)
(EC2 Eq.6.2.a)
(EC2 Eq.6.2.b)
vmin=0.035k
fck = 0.29N/mm
Vrd,c(min)=0.001x(0.29+0.15x0.11)x1000x1170=358.61kN/m
Vrdc=0.001x[0.120x1.41x(0.28x25.00)
+0.15x0.11]x1000x1170=398.00kN/m
Ved=372.34 kN/m <= Vrdc=398.00 kN/m, shear OK
(EC2 Eq.6.3N)
(EC2 EN1992-1-1:2004)
M V
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
16/13.0 (15.46cm/m)
20/8.5 (36.94cm/m)
16/40.0 ( 5.02cm/m)
NEd
b
Fc
Fs,maxz i
Fs
(EC2 Eq.8.3)
A
lb
(EC2 8.4.2)
x
Design anchorage length
(EC2 8.4.4, T.8.2)
R
lbd=0.70x476=333mm, Cnom=75mm>3=60mm
Minimum anchorage length lb,min=max(0.30lbrqd,10,100mm)=200mm
Necessary anchorage length of longitudinal reinforcement Lbd=340mm =0.340m
lbd=340mm<(x-Cnom)=525.00. Sufficient length is available
1.12.6. Design of wall footing for shear and punching shear
a=d
45o
dm
vmin=0.035k
fck = 0.30N/mm
(EC2 Eq.6.3N)
Vrd,c(min)=0.001x(0.30x2x1117/1117)x1000x1117=670.20kN/m
Vrdc=0.001x[0.120x1.42x(0.14x25.00)
x2x1117/1117]x1000x1117=577.97, Vrdc=Vrdc(min)=670.20kN/
Ved=641.78 kN/m <= Vrdc=670.20 kN/m, shear and punching shear OK
1.13. Material estimate
Concrete per meter of wall length
14.360 m/m
Reinforcing steel per meter of wall
616.540 kg/m
Total concrete of wall
10.000x
14.360=
Total reinforcing steel of wall 10.000x
616.540=
143.598 m
6165.400 kg
Num
1
2
3
type
1
2
4
6
7
9270
450
450
450
8
10
250
5680
9270
10000
6330
6330
10000
160
items
length
[m]
weight
[kg]
25
25
3.850
9.970
959.61
25
32
6.310
6.130
967.01
61
16
1.580
9.880
952.23
42
0.395
10.000
165.90
77
16
1.580
6.330
770.11
118
20
2.470
6.330
1844.94
32
16
1.580
10.000
505.60
BETONexpress
software by RUNET (c)
g/m
[kg/m]
6165.40