Corinth 1980: Molded Relief Bowls: (Plates

CORINTH 1980: MOLDED RELIEF BOWLS
(PLATES
41-48)
HE 1980 EXCAVATIONSEASON at Corinth uncovered a series of fills of pottery

to the north of the east end of the Hellenistic racecourse. The levels of earth
containing the pottery represent a dumped fill containing material destroyed sometime
after the destruction of Corinth in 146 B.C. by Mummius.1Among the broken pottery
were fragments of 603 molded relief bowls.2 Several factors, aside from their archaeological context, make the study of these bowls as a group relevant to the understanding
of Hellenistic pottery in Corinth. First of all, the materialgives a more complete picture
of the range of types and fabricsthan do bowls and fragments selected in the past simply because of the intrinsic worth of any individual piece. Also, studying the locally
made bowls together with contemporaryimports not only gives added information on
commercial relationshipsbetween Corinth and other centers, but also helps define the
specificcharacterof Corinthianproduction.
The startingpoint of the discussion is the chart in Figure 1. On the left side are the
various fabrics that have been identified among the 1980 bowls. The first three are
isolated since they are standardtypes recognizableto most students of pottery by salient
characteristics.Fabrics A through E are grouped by similaritiesof clay and glaze. Two
of these categories can be identified by other criteria.Fabric A probablyis a variety of
Corinthian;Fabric B is Argive. FabricsC, D, and E are internallycohesive groups that
must each represent the productionof one center, though they cannot be localized with
any assuredness. The category "Various Fabrics" includes fragments that could not be
T
'P. Russell has analyzedthe dates of the levels of the fill (Hesperia50, 1981, pp. 34-44). She distinguishes three possible strata. The very lowest levels may represent destructiondebris of 146 B.C. in situ.
Most levels belong to a post-destruction"clean-up"of the area when earth containing Hellenistic pottery
was dumped over the race track.The presenceof Italiandot-barbotinebeakers in this stratumsuggests that
the bulk of the earth was dumped ca. 100 B.C. or later. The upper layers contained later thin-walledwares
and EarlyRoman lamp types which Russell dates "not far from the turn of the era." These Roman wares
should be later than the Hellenistic fill, brought in by the early Roman colonists and used by them in the
rooms of the first Roman stoa. Molded relief bowls appearin all levels of the fill; an appendixat the end of
this paperlists them all by potterylots accordingto type.
Specialabbreviationsused in this articleare as follows:
CorinthVII, iii = G. R. Edwards,Corinth,VII, iii, CorinthianHellenisticPottery,Princeton 1975.
Laumonier = A. Laumonier, Explorationarcheologiquede iXlos, XXXI, La ceramiquehellenistiquea'
reliefs, 1, Ateliers"ioniens",Paris 1977.
= G. Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliersde bols a' reliefsdu Peloponne'se
a' l'epoquehellenisSiebert
tique,Paris 1978.
21 thank C. K. Williams, II for the opportunityto study and publish the Corinth molded relief bowls,
and Dr. N. Bookidis for much assistancein the Corinth Museum. Their patientadvice and encouragement
have kept me from many wrong pathsand clarifiedmy understandingof the material.Additionalthanksgo
to E. G. Pemberton, S. Rotroff, P. Russell, and K. S. Wright.For all this help, my mistakesare my own.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens

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190
CHARLES MALCOLM EDWARDS

Long
Petal
Pine
Figured Imbricate Cone
Net
Linear
Pattern Leaf
Shield
Floral
Rim
Frags
Wall
Frags Total
Corinthian
64
52
12
56
73
274
East Greek
14
79
40
148
Attic
12
FabricA
12
32
FabricB
20
FabricC
FabricD
18
FabricE
Various
38
17
86
146
85
21
11
12
10
14
151
147
603
Fabrics
Totals
FIG. 1. Molded relief bowls and fragments from the excavations in 1980.
readily placed under any of the other eight types. The typologicalcategories across the
top of the chart are based on the classificationsby G. R. Edwardsin CorinthVII, iii.3
The size of the two categories containing unidentifiabletypes indicates the fragmentary
nature of the material. Few complete bowls could be mended from the sherds, a fact
which suggests that the earth containingthe pottery was brought in from elsewhere and
that the bowls were not broken up on the spot. The numbers in the chart indicate the
approximatequantityof bowls. When a group of sherds seemed to come from a single
bowl they were counted as one.4 The discussion following attempts to define more
clearlythe identifiedfabricsand to interprettheir statisticalrelationships.
CORINTHIAN
The fabric called Corinthianon the chart exhibits the characteristicsof Corinthian
pottery of earlier periods. The color is light, ranging from a white (Munsell lOYR 8/2)
to a pale pink (7.5YR 7/4), and a grayish green (5Y 7/2) when overfired. The texture
of the clay is fine, though often spotted with inclusions and pits. It is soft, sometimes
3Pp.
151-187.
4Fragmentary wall and rim fragments cannot be identified by type. It is likely that some of the wall
and rim fragments come from bowls included in the typological categories, although joins did not occur,
and the fragments are too small to associate them confidently with other identifiable sherds. Nevertheless,
the unidentifiable fragments are included in the count since otherwise the statistics would be incomplete.
CORINTH1980:MOLDEDRELIEFBOWLS
191
powdery, to the touch. The flat, dull black glaze, typical of Corinthian pottery of all
periods, is frequently fugitive, often preserved only around the outlines of the relief
decoration. Doubtless the impermanenceof the glaze was a problem that plagued Corinthian potters for centuries but it has preserved for us an importantpiece of information. Even when most of the glaze has flaked off, the Corinthianbowls show traces of a
double-dippingstreak, the point where the glaze overlapswhen the bowl is hand dipped
from opposite sides into the glaze basin.5Whether this technique was a local or imported invention is impossible to know until the chronology of Hellenistic pottery is more
fully refined.6Nevertheless, double dippingwas a technique which at present seems to
have been used frequentlyby Corinthianpotters of molded relief bowls.7
The most striking statistic that the chart shows is the large percentage of Corinthian long-petal bowls: 23% of all Corinthian bowls and 11% of the total number of
bowls from the dump. In his volume on CorinthianHellenistic pottery, G. R. Edwards
includes ten long-petal bowls found before 1963.8 The small quantity of material, plus
"the restrictednumber of variationsof the design in Corinthianbowls and the uniform
good quality of their mould design and manufacture," led Edwards to the conclusion
that the period of production of long-petal bowls in Corinth prior to the Mummian
destruction in 146 B.C. was very short.9 Accepting the evidence from Thompson's
Group D, Edwardssuggested that the long-petal design had been introducedin Athens
around 155 B.C. and was adopted by Corinth about five years later.10The quantity of
long-petal bowls found in the 1980 Corinth excavations, their range in type, and the
appearanceof several bowls made in worn molds indicate that the date for the introduction of long-petalbowls in Corinth should be raised, perhapsas much as 10 to 15 years.
5Among the inventoried bowls from the previous seasons that have traces of a double-dippingstreak
are CP-518, CP-1931, C-28-59, C-33-1008, C-35-719, C-46-57, C-47-791, C-47-893, C-48-31, C-63-490,
C-64-335, C-69-300, C-1976-94, C-1977-17, C-1979-13.
SwedishExcavationsand Researches,
60n the techniqueof double dippingsee P. Hellstr6m, Labraunda:
II, i, Potteryof Classicaland LaterDate, TerracottaLampsand Glass, Lund 1965, p. 20, note 6, pp. 31-32;
H. S. Robinson, TheAthenianAgora, V, Potteryof the RomanPeriod:Chronology,Princeton 1959, p. 6; H.
Comfort in RE, suppl. 7, 1940, col. 1302, s.v. Terra Sigillata. Double dipping as a common practice is
usuallyassociatedwith EasternSigillatas.At present there is no evidence that EasternSigillataof any kind
was producedbefore 150 B.C.; no EasternSigillataoccurs at Corinth in a Mummian context. At any rate,
double dippingwas used at Corinth as early as the late 3rd century, and possibly earlier (see a Corinthian
hemisphericalkrater, C-60-58, CorinthVII, iii, no. 190, pp. 46-47, pl. 47). I thank K. S. Wright for discussing the chronologyof this technicalfeaturewith me.
7Double dipping was used occasionallyby Athenian potters. See Hellstr6m, loc. cit. C-35-115, an
importedAttic molded relief bowl in Corinth, bears traces of a double-dippingstreak. On the whole, however, Athenianpottersdid not use this method to any great extent.
'Corinth VII, iii, pp. 176-179. Three more long-petal bowls were found from 1963 through 1979:
C-63-490, C-1976-94, C-1977-17.
9CorinthVII, iii, pp. 176-177.
10CorinthVII, iii, p. 177. See H. A. Thompson, "Two Centuries of Hellenistic Pottery," Hesperia3,
1934, pp. 457-458. For a review of the dating of Group D see S. I. Rotroff, The AthenianAgora, XXII,
HellenisticPottery:Athenianand ImportedMoldmadeBowls, pp. 109-110.
192
EDWARDS
CHARLESMALCOLM
G. R. Edwardssuggests that the initial phase of the long-petaldesign is represented

by bowls whose petals, "closely spaced, have linear outlines independentof one another
and centers in relief.""1He calls the style with contiguous petals and relief centers
"subsequent, perhaps simultaneous" and lists three Corinthianexamples of this category.12Fragmentsof three bowls may be added to the type with independent petals and
relief centers and five bowls to the type with contiguous petals and relief centers (e.g.
C-1980-138a, b, P1.41; C-1980-174a, b).13
One of G. R. Edwards'later types is characterizedby high-relief outlines and flat
centers.14He has only two examples in this category and says the rarity of the type
suggests that it was short lived. One of these bowls is signed Jp.15 Four signed fragments of bowls of this type were found in the 1980 excavations, and fragments of at
least ten more bowls can be attributed to the same workshop (C-1980-56, signed I;
C-1980-103, signed P-WTOM, P1. 41; C-1980-105, signed TO; C-1980-107, signed P;
also, e.g., C-1980-106 and C-1980-108, both P1. 41).16 Distinctive characteristicsof the
UP workshop are contiguous petals with high-relief outlines which start immediately
above the concentric circles of the medallion zone and a multipetaled rosette in the
medallion. Sixteen bowls of a single type indicate that the IIP workshop was an active
center of production.
G. R. Edwards' final category of long-petal bowls is characterizedby contiguous
long petals with outlines in low relief and flat centers. He gives two examples of this
type.17A bowl found in 1976 belongs to this category (C-1976-94, P1.41). Fragmentsof
about 26 bowls can be added to this group (e.g. C-1980-93 and C-1980-104, P1. 41;
C-1980-135, P1. 42). Although no signatures are preserved on these fragments, they
may well representthe productionof one workshop.
One small group of four bowls is characterizedby poor workmanship.The outlines
of the petals have been carelessly scratched into the molds. Edwards lists two such
long-petalbowls (C-37-2249 b, c and C-33-1375, P1.42) as imports during the period of
abandonment.18 The fabric of these bowls is that which I have called Corinthian. Perhaps he considered the bowls Sikyonian.At any rate, it seems better to include them in
the categoryof carelesslyworked Corinthianlong-petalbowls.
Therefore the long-petal bowls found since G. R. Edwards'publicationtell a very
different story from the earlier finds. The number of Corinthianexamples is large, with
p. 177.
'2CorinthVII, iii, pp. 178-179. One fragment of a jeweled long-petal bowl of Corinthianfabric was
found in the 1980 excavations.
'3Not all the 603 fragmentswere consideredworthy of inventory, though an effort was made to give a
representativesampling.See Appendixfor a complete list of the bowls by type.
11 CorinthVII, iii,
14CorinthVII, iii, p. 178.
15Corinth
VII, iii, no. 904, p. 179, pl. 77 (C-34-304).
6See also FabricA, pp. 200-201 below.
"7Corinth
VII, iii, no. 906 (C-33-146bis),pl. 77, no. 907 (C-35-973), p. 179.
18Corinth
VII, iii, p. 176, note 32.
193
a wide range of types of design and quality of manufacture.It seems eminently logical
that productionof moldmade long-petalbowls ceased in 146 B.C. with the destructionof
Corinth. But the number of bowls now known makes it hard to accept Edwards'date of
150 for the beginning of their production. Without stratified deposits we can do no
more than suggest an inceptive date in the late second quarterof the 2nd century B.C.19
The Corinth finds support S. Rotroff's suggestion that long-petal bowls "may first have
been producedin Corinth"and that their manufacturewas not taken up in Athens until
slightly later.20
Figured bowls constitute 19% of the total number of Corinthian molded relief
bowls found in 1980. Only two of these are signed: C-1980-41 b, A (P1. 42) and
C-1980-49, IIA. G. R. Edwards includes one signed figured bowl in his catalogue:
C-32-281, OAI.21Subsequently,one signed bowl, C-1979-13, Al (P1.43), was found in a
pit within the portico of the South Stoa.22Because of the paucity of signatures an
exhaustive analysis of Corinthianworkshops in the manner that has been carried out
for Athens, Argos and Delos seems premature.Nevertheless, small groups of figured
bowls can be arrangedon the basis of the stamps used for floral motifs and the decorative syntax.23These groups are listed below. No doubt with further study the categories
can be refined and expanded.
Group 124
C-1980-10
C-37-2425
C-46-57
C-46-56
PL 42sa
P1.42 (FabricA)
same mold
CorinthVII, iii, no. 825, pl. 70
Characteristicsof this group are an empty medallion surrounded by a corolla of small

independent ferns that do not touch the concentric circle frame of the medallion, traditional figuraltypes sometimes separatedby thymiateria,and a lack of a rim pattern.
19Therecent discovery at Pella of molds from a workshopspecializingin the productionof long-petal
bowls may help to clarify the chronology. I thank lannis Akamatisfor showing me the Pella materialand
discussingthe chronologicalproblems.
19, 1978, p. 387.
20S. I. Rotroff, "HellenisticAthenianPottery:'MegarianBowls'," CurrentAnthropology
21 CorinthVII, iii, no. 838, pp. 154, 170, pl. 70.
22C. K. Williams, II. Hesperia49, 1980, p. 131, no. 23, pl. 25.
23Forthe use of decorativemotifs as a criterionfor classificationby workshopsee Siebert, pp. 4-5.
It is possible that a single workshopis representedby the materialfound in the fill of a small, rectangularcistern during the 1926 excavations of the so-called precinctof Athena Chalinitis (T. L. Shear, "Excavations in the Theatre District of Corinth in 1926," AJA 30, 1926, p. 447). Fragments of about 250
molded relief bowls come from the fill. Only 10 bowls are imports. Of the local production, 67% (81
bowls) of the identifiabletypes are figured. All these figured bowls are decorated in the representational
style with familiarstampsas well as some new, unparalleledmythologicalfigures.
in terms of clay belongs among the FabricA bowls. For the identificationof FabricA as a
24CC-37-2425
variety of Corinthiansee below, pp. 200-201. For the present moment, I will only indicate parenthetically
which bowls are FabricA ratherthan the traditionalCorinthian.
194
CHARLESMALCOLM
EDWARDS
Group II25
C-48-14
C-69-149
C-1980-132

P1. 42; C. K. Williams, II, "Corinth, 1969: Forum Area," Hesperia 39, 1970, p. 9
P1.43
Characteristicsof this group are a small, eight-petaledrosette in the medallion, a corolla

of large ferns with striated spines alternatingwith small triangularferns, a preference
for scenes of hunting dogs and their quarry,and a rim zone decoratedwith a simplified
ivy-leaf pattern.26This group is directly related to a series of Argive bowls and may
representdirect copies of Argive imports.27
Group III
C-35-719 +
C-35-117
C-38-683
C-47-237
C-64-335
C-65-98
MF-68-346

CorinthVII) iii, no. 802, pl. 67
P1.43; CorinthVII, iii, no. 796
P1.43
All bowls have a medallion design of radiatingferns. Common motifs are a corolla of
ragged-edgedacanthus leaves with small ferns in between, small decorative units (rosettes, leaping hares) between the acanthus leaves, a crowded figuralzone with stamps
carelessly placed and often overlapping,and a rim patternof a small, simplifiedivy-leaf
pattern.The designer has a tendency to stagger the figured stamps. As a result, a lower
row of figures occupies the spaces between the leaves of the corolla, and an upper
register stands above the leaves. C-64-335 has scraped grooves around the medallion
and below the lip, washed with added miltos. A Corinthianimbricatebowl, C-69-238,
has a similargroove below the lip. These bowls prove this feature cannot be exclusively
Attic.28
25Siebert(p. 79) identifiesC-48-14 as an Argive import. Both fabricand glaze, however, are typically
Corinthianand exhibit none of the characteristicsone can identify as Argive. On the other hand, the similarities to Argive bowls are unmistakable.Perhaps both C-48-14 and C-69-149 were made from a mold
taken from an importedArgive bowl.
26F Courby (Les vases grecs a' relief, Paris 1922, p. 283) called this pattern "'coeurs' emboites".
Thompson (op. cit. [footnote 10 above], p. 352, C 18) describes the patternas a simplifiedguilloche. Here
the term "simplifiedivy-leaf pattern"is used on the basis of comparisonwith a fragment of a gray-ware
long-petalsherd (C-1980-118) and a rim-patternmold from Corinth (MF-68-345, P1. 43). Both these examples preservean elaborateivy-leaf patternfor the rim zone.
27Themedallion, corolla, dogs, birds and rim patternare paralleledon bowls of Siebert's monogram
Iclass. Siebert, M.55, p1.28, M.76, p1.29.
28CompareCorinthVII, iii, p. 154.
CORINTH1980:MOLDED RELIEFBOWLS
Group IV29
A:
C-1980-41 a, b
C-1979-13
CP-1929
C-32-281
195
P1.42, signed A on b.
P1.43, signed Al
CorinthVII, iii, no. 838, pl. 70, signed OAI
B:
P1.43
C-62-189
C-1980-123a, b P1.44 (FabricA)
P1.44 (FabricA)
C-1980-124
same mold
The bowls of this group are divided into sub-categories.A is characterizedby a medallion zone with radiatingpalmettes, a corolla of ragged-edgedacanthus leaves, frequent
use of a stamp with a bird in flight to the right, and a rim pattern of simplified ivy
leaves. B consists of three small bowls with reddish glaze. The medallion is surrounded
by small spade-shapedleaves. The Nikai of C-62-189 and C-1980-123 connect these
fragments with C-1980-41 and CP-1929. The Eros stamp between the leaves of the
corolla connects C-1980-124 to C-1979-13. The acanthus leaves of CP-1929 and
C-1979-13 connect Group IV to Group III. All these bowls may be products of one
workshop.
Group V
C-37-2737
C-47-893
C-1980-131
C-1980-134

P1.44
P1.44
A characteristicfeature is the decoration in friezes. Common motifs are a corolla of

large ferns with alternatingplain and striated leaves and a frontal Nike with outspread
wings.
In contrast to Attic bowls, the Corinthianfigured bowls with idyllic scenes are less
frequent than the locally produced bowls with representationalscenes.30 Only three
fragments (e.g. C-1980-163, P1. 45) of the 52 figured bowls found in the 1980 excavations use the motif of rampantgoats flanking a krater, a popularscheme on Athenian
bowls. By and large the Corinthian market preferredrepresentationalscenes. Hunting
bowls now seem to have been more popularthan G. R. Edwardsimplies.31Six sherds
from this season's excavation plus a nearly complete bowl found in 1969 have hunting
29ForFabricA bowls see footnote 24 above.
301use S. Rotroff's nomenclaturefor the two types of figuredbowls. The idyllic types representreal or
fantastic creatures placed in repetitive poses or antithetically.The representationaltypes depict hunting
scenes and mythologicalfigures.See Rotroff, op. cit. (footnote 10 above).
31 CorinthVII, iii, pp. 163-165.
196
EDWARDS
CHARLESMALCOLM
scenes (e.g. C-69-149, P1.42; C-1980-132, P1. 43). One bowl depicts a group of dancing
maidens who hold hands and encircle the wall of the bowl (C-1980-140, P1.45).32
The majorityof figured sherds, however, use the standardrepertoireof mythological stamps with no regard to narrativecoherence. Poseidon, Amymone, the girl at the
trophy, Dionysos and his retinue, and the seated Apollo with his cithara all appear,
monotonously repeated and without attention to context. The unusual figure of a female stridingright and brandishinga torch in her raised right hand occurs on one bowl
(C-1980-123 a, P1. 44) and is paralleledon two others (C-62-189, P1. 43; C-69-151).33
Her resemblance to goddesses from gigantomachies suggests she is a deity, and the
torch favors her identificationas Kore, Artemis, or Hekate, though there is no strong
reason at present for preferringone of these goddesses to another.
Figured bowls were made throughout the period of production of molded relief
bowls in Corinth. In Athens they became less popular after the introduction of the
long-petal design. In Corinth, one can only say both types were produced simultaneously down to the Mummian destruction in 146 B.C. It may be significant, however,
that the quality of long-petalbowls is, in general, much higher than that of the figured
bowls made in Corinth.The reason for this is partlytechnical.The ribs of the long-petal
design were incised directly into the mold, while stamps were used for the figures, and
those became worn from re-use. On the other hand, if Corinthianpotters were responsible for the introductionof the long-petal design, there may have been a naturalpreference for this decorativescheme.
In terms of the qualityof design, Argive and Attic artists easily surpassedthe Corinthians on bowls decorated with hunting or mythological scenes. Corinthian mold
designers show a lack of interest in creating originalfigural motifs and were content to
copy figures from imported Attic and Argive bowls.34It is surprising then that the
majorityof Corinthianfigured sherds use the representationalstyle. Why should Corinthian artisansexpend so much of their energy producinga style of decorationfor which
they had no particularproclivity? Probably because the market demanded that type.
Consumers had been impressed with imports from Argos and Athens and naturally
wanted bowls decoratedwith mythologicalfigures. In this sense, we may answer "yes"
to G. Siebert's question "la cite marchande [Corinth] ne faisait-elle pas, en cela, concurrencea son propreartisanat?"35
Other decorative schemes constitute 10% of the Corinthian bowls from the fills.
The leaf-and-tendril,imbricate, and pine-cone types are thought to have been introduced early in the development of the molded relief bowls. The net-pattern, linear-leaf,
32Thesame stampwas used for C-38-681, CorinthVII, iii, no. 829, pl. 70.
331nspite of the appearanceof the goddess brandishinga torch, C-69-151 can not be includedin Group
V. The stamps used for the Nikai and floral ornaments, as well as the decorativesyntax, do not match the
other bowls of Group V.
34SeeCorinthVII, iii, p. 163; Siebert, pp. 74-75. Also, see footnote 66 below.
35Siebert,p. 81.
197
and shield bowls are late, begun not long before 146 B.C.36Our statistics and the bowls
found since those catalogued by G. R. Edwardsdo not contradicthis conclusions but
they do suggest slight chronologicaland typologicalrefinements.
Three of the four pine-cone bowls (e.g. C-1980-129, C-1980-130) have a stylization
G. R. Edwardsdescribes as pyramidalbosses.37He dates this class within the first half
of the 2nd century. The fourth fragment is decoratedwith nodules (C-1980-128, P1.45)
of a form he dates to the late 3rd century in the belief that no bowls with nodules
appearin contexts related to the Mummian destruction.The presence of this fragment
in a Mummian context suggests the possibilitythat the two styles may have been contemporary,at least for a brief period of time.
Of imbricatestyles, Edwardsnotes the type with small, veined, pointed leaves may
not exist at Corinth, since no complete bowl or upper-wallfragment had been found.38
At least six wall fragments from the fill preserve this design, one of which is from the
rim zone and proves the existence of this type in Corinthianfabric (C-1980-137, P1.45).
There are also six imbricate bowls with patterns that should be classified under Edwards' bowls decoratedwith rounded petal tips (e.g. C-1980-126, P1. 45).39But none of
the fragments closely resembles the two examples he includes as, paradigms in his
catalogue. C-1980-126 finds its closest parallel in the Corinthian bowl with applique
relief supports, C-69-238, and in fragment C-36-1992. Nor does the one bowl with
pointed petal tips (C-1980-127, P1. 45) fit easily among Edwards' examples of that
category. It is best paralleledby C-69-148 (P1. 45), in the shape of the petals and the
medallion rosette. These two bowls are probably from the same workshop. The evidence suggests the range of styles within the imbricate-patternclass is too great for
meaningful stylistic groupings. G. R. Edwards' three divisions of imbricate designs
representonly three among various possibilities.
On the other hand, the 1980 net-pattern bowls support G. R. Edwards' typology
and amplify his groups.40Three fragmentsbelong to his bowls with nets of single lines.
Two fragments have double-line pentagons with inner dots.4' One fragment has an
anomalous design of double-line pentagons around the medallion and single pentagons
above. The six shield bowls, all similarin type, supportEdwards'late dating of the type
in Corinth.42Five bowls of Edwards' linear-leaf class also corroboratea date not long
CorinthVII, iii, pp. 152-153.
37Corinth
VII, iii, p. 158.
39 CorinthVII, iii, pp. 159-160.
40CorinthVII, iii, pp. 179-182.
4'C-69-146 (C. K. Williams,II, "Corinth,1969: Forum Area," Hesperia39, 1970, p. 9) also belongs to
this category.
42CorinthVII, iii, p. 183. P. J. Callaghanhas convincinglyargued that the shield-bowltype was invented by Corinthianpotters.The inspirationcame from Macedonianshields taken by Corinthianmembers of
the AchaianLeague in the battle againstAndriskosin 150 B.c. ("MacedonianShields, 'Shield-Bowls',and
Corinth:A Fixed Point in HellenisticCeramicChronology?"AAA 11, 1978, pp. 53-60). If one acceptsthe
36
EDWARDS
CHARLESMALCOLM
198
before 146 B.C. for the beginning of that class. Edwards characterizesthe Corinthian
linear-leafbowls as "inept imitations of a very short lived linear style of decoration."43
Two joining fragments (C-1980-141a, P1.46) preservingthe upperwall and rim zone of
a bowl probablybelong to the linear-leaf class. This bowl was carefully executed and
shows an elaboration of the design by the introduction of fleurs-de-lis between the
leaves. Another linear-leafbowl found in 1965 in the Demeter Sanctuary(C-65-565 a,
b) is also well executed.
EAST GREEK
A. Laumonier, in the first volume of his monumental work on the molded relief
bowls from Delos, concludes that the class of bowls traditionallycalled Delian were
manufacturedin East Greek "Ionian"centers.44Hence the name of this second category. These bowls are easily separated from the mass of fragments found in the 1980
excavations. The inturned or straight rim is a distinctive characteristicnoted since
Courby.45The fabric is coarse, generally with some inclusions and voids, and highly
micaceous. It is not exactly accurateto call this category "grayware", another traditional term, since the color of the clay ranges from a light red (2.5YR 6/6) to a gray (5Y
6/1). Likewise the dull, matt glaze can be a reddish orange color, a rich brown, or a
deep bluish black. The glaze generally adheres well to the clay. Only rarely does one
find a piece where the glaze has flaked or worn off completely.
East Greek imports account for 25%of the bowls in the fill, an impressive amount
that far exceeds any other importcategory. Corinth's position as an importantcommercial center in the Hellenistic period may account for the high percentage, though a discrepancybetween statisticsand chronologymakes this explanationless than satisfactory.
Laumonier cautiously avoids a strict chronologicalframeworkfor his Ionian workshops. Some fragments of bowls were found in the foundations of the portico of Philip
V on Delos, usually dated ca. 200 B.c.46Laumonier, however, gives more weight to the
evidence of fragments excavated in domestic contexts and sets the limits of production
between 166 and 69 B.C. Though 20 years is a relatively short period of time to accumulate such a mass of material at Corinth, it is possible that the East Greek bowls are
imports made between 166 and 146 B.C. On the other hand, those bowls which are
attributablecome from workshopsdated to the second half of the 2nd century. At least
six fragmentsfind their closest parallelsamong the bowls from the monogram? workshop, which Laumoniercalls "le plus important,peut-etre, de l'Egee en cette fin du Ile
siecle av. J.-C."47(e.g. C-1980-119 and C-1980-116, Pl. 45; C-1980-117). One bowl is
long-petaldesign as a Corinthianinvention, the shield-bowltype becomes a second "linear"design invented at Corinth.
44Laumonier, pp. 2-3.
41 Courby,op. cit. (footnote 26 above),
p. 367.
4fLaumonier,p. 7; L. Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford, "Les bols megariens," BABesch28, 1953, p. 7;
Courby, op. cit. (footnote 26 above), pp. 397-398.
47Laumonier,p. 132. In addition, a fragmentarybowl excavated in 1937 and possibly from the same
fill as the 1980 materialcan be attributedto the @ workshop(C-37-2743).
199
from the workshop of Athenaios (C-1980-72, Pl. 46) and one from the workshop of
Heraios (C-1980-74, P1. 46). One fragment is signed by the potter Philon (C-1980-82,
P1. 46). The workshopsof Athenaios, Heraios and Philon fall late in Laumonier's relative sequence of workshops, perhapsas late as the first half of the 1st century B.C. This
raises the possibility that these bowls might have been brought in at the time of the
refoundingof the colony in 44 B.C. Laumonier says that the life of a workshop may be
as long as 50 years; it is possible to date the 1980 bowls on either side of the period of
abandonment.
Conversely, over the years the evidence for activity at Corinth between 146 and 44
has been growing.Williams cites Corinth's East Greek bowls as possible evidence for a
relativelyactive community duringthis period.48Until the chronologyof the East Greek
workshopsbecomes more refined, the imported East Greek bowls offer no strong evidence for dating one way or another. It is entirely likely, though, that they point to
some form of community in Corinth immediately before the establishment of the Roman colony in 44 B.C.49
The statistics suggest that long-petal bowls formed a higher percentage of East
Greek imports than the previously inventoried bowls would lead one to think. It is
impossible to determine the chronologicalsignificanceof this fact until we know when
long-petal bowls were first produced in the East Greek workshops. Laumonier implies
long petals, along with imbricatebowls which are substantiallyrepresented in the Corinth inventories, are late.50
ATTIC
Good Attic clay is familiarto all students of pottery. The 1980 fragments identified
as Attic are typicallyhard and slightly micaceous. The colors of the clay include a reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), a light brown (7.5YR 6/4), and a pink (5YR 6/4). The glaze
usually is dark and lustrous. One long-petal bowl has a thick red glaze. A scraped
groove below the lip occurs on two fragments. One fragment has a scrapedgroove and
applied miltos between the concentric circles of the medallion. Although this feature is
characteristicof Attic bowls, it occasionallyappearson bowls manufacturedin Corinth
as well.5'
48C. K. Williams,II, "Corinth1977, Forum Southwest," Hesperia47, 1978, pp. 21-23.
49G.Siebert (pp. 194-195) has suggested that East Greek bowls were not exported to Greece proper
before the second half of the 2nd century. He cites the small number of imported bowls at Corinth as
partialevidence. We now know Corinthhas a large amount of East Greek material;148 bowls come from
the 1980 season alone. Nevertheless, these statisticsdo not contradictSiebert's hypothesisif Corinth'sEast
Greek bowls indicate a community during the interim period when the "squatters"at Corinth imported
them.
In this connection it is interestingto note the total lack of East Greek materialamong the bowls from
the cistern excavated in 1926 (see footnote 23 above). The logical conclusion is that the cistern was filled
in before East Greek bowls were common in Corinth.One long-petalbowl suppliesa terminuspost quemof
the late second quarterof the 2nd century for the date of the cistern's discontinuation.At present, however, it is not clear whether the filling of the cistern is to be connected with the Mummiandestruction.
50Laumonier,p. 12.
51See above, p. 194.
200
CHARLESMALCOLM
EDWARDS
Attic bowls constitute a surprisinglysmall percentage (2%) of the imported wares

found in the fill. This fact is especiallyodd when one considers the high quality of most
Athenian molded relief bowls. The number of inventoried Attic bowls from previous
seasons conforms to the general picture that few Athenian bowls were imported to
Corinth during the Hellenistic period, though a conclusion based on statistics of inventoried sherds is likely to be misleading.52Still, the count agrees well with the story told
by the lamps53that, after the 4th century, Attic importsdecrease remarkablyin Corinth.
One figured sherd (C-1980-122, P1.46) can be attributedto Rotroff's M monogram
class and is paralleledon bowls from the Agora and Kerameikos.54Athenian contexts
date this bowl to the second quarterof the 2nd century, while the Attic long-petalbowls
would be importsjust before the Mummian destruction, if we accept a date of 150 for
the beginning of productionof this class in Athens (e.g. C-1980-86, P1. 47; C-1980-87,
P1.46).
FABRICA
Fabric A has pink (5YR 7/4) or reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6), close in color to
Attic but usually a little lighter. The clay is hard, though never so hard as Attic. There
are occasional traces of mica. Many voids and fine, black-and-whiteinclusions are common. The glaze rarelycovers the bowl with one consistent color and often ranges from
red to a rich brown. It is prone to flaking. Many sherds show traces of the double-dipping streak common to Corinthian manufacture.Other factors lead to the conclusion
that ratherthan an importedvariety Fabric-Ais actuallyCorinthian.Most importantfor
this argument is the fact that one of the Corinthian bowls from the 1980 excavation
(C-1980-10, P1.42) was made from the same mold as a bowl of FabricA from the 1937
season (C-37-2425, P1.42). Both bowls have an empty medallion zone surroundedby a
corolla of alternatingvarieties of acanthus leaves. The walls are decorated with mythological figures separatedby thymiateria.Each bowl is encircled by a fillet below the rim
zone. In all measurements and placement of figures the bowls are identical. Although
too fragmentaryfor one to be certain, one Corinthianfigured sherd with rampantgoats
flanking a krater (C-1980-163, P1. 45) seems to be from the same mold as a Fabric A
sherd from 1936 (C-36-305). C-62-189 (P1. 43; Corinthianfabric) and C-1980-123 a, b
(P1.44; FabricA) are also probablyfrom the same mold.
StatisticallyFabric A constitutes 5%of the 1980 material.If Fabric A is considered
Corinthian, the percentage of locally produced bowls is raised to 51%. As with Corinthian fabric, the largest number of the identifiable types come from long-petal bowls.
52Completebowls, figured:C-35-115, C-47-105, C-47-276. Fragments,figured:C-32-213, C-34-1741 a,
b, C-47-886, C-48-60; medallion:C-34-225, C-74-124.G. R. Edwardslists two long-petalbowls as possibly
Athenian:C-39-438, C-37-1652 (CorinthVII, iii, p. 176, note 32).
53SeeRussell, op. cit. (footnote 1 above). E. G. Pemberton tells me that few Attic imports have been
found in the Hellenisticmaterialfrom the Demeter Sanctuary.
54Rotroff, op. cit. (footnote 10 above), nos. 109-111. K. Braun, "Der Dipylon-BrunnenBi, Die
Funde," AthMitt85, 1970, p. 157, no. 187, pl. 73:1.
201
The number of sherds and the variety of types accordwell with what I have said above
about Corinthianlong-petal bowls. At least two fragments of long-petal bowls of Fabric
A are attributedto the LIP workshop (see above, p. 192), as is a well-preservedbowl
found in 1977 (C-1977-17, P1.46).
Three figured bowls of FabricA can be attributedto Corinthianworkshopgroups.55
Two of the net-patternbowls in Fabric A are signed. C-1980-58 (P1.47) is signed LI in
the upper register of the net, in the spaces between the pentagons (HP workshop?).
C-1980-57 (P1. 47) is signed OY. An inventoried Corinthian net-pattern bowl
(C-35-653) is also signed in the upper register, though upside down with respect to the
rim, A/TW/[3 to 6 letters]/O/Y.56Two other single-line Corinthian net-pattern bowls
(C-37-2256 and C-37-2701) are signed A/T.57 We should perhaps connect C-1980-57
with this group of signed Corinthiannet-patternbowls. C-1980-57 lends support to the
contention that FabricA is of local production.
The identificationof Fabric A with Corinth suggests that many bowls heretofore
considered imports may actually be local products.Perhaps Fabric A was an attempt to
solve the problem of the fugitive Corinthianglaze.58Though the glaze adheres better
on bowls of Fabric A, the glaze never fires to the consistent black color that the best
Corinthianbowls show. As an unsuccessful solution, Fabric A may not have been used
long for molded relief bowls where a consistency of color was desired. This would
account for the fact that Fabric A constitutes only 10%of the local production.It may
have been used longer for lamps and other utilitarianvessels.59
FABRICB
Fabric B has coarse texture with many small black inclusions and voids. The clay
has varying amounts of mica, but at least some is usually present. Its color is reddish
brown (5YR 5/6, 7.5YR 5/6) and frequently fires with a blue streak running through
the middle of the core. The thin, matt glaze shows a range of colors: red (2.5YR 5/6),
brown (5YR 5/6) and a dark gray (lOYR 4/1). The glaze has a tendency to flake and
wear slightly but on the whole adheres well to the wall of the bowl. There is a lack of
consistency to the color of the glaze, and the surfaces of FabricB often show a mottled
effect.
Several of the 1980 bowls are signed and can be identified as products of Argive
workshops.C-1980-42 and C-1980-125 (both P1. 47) preserve traces of the signature of
the workshopof Demetrios-Iason.60C-1980-48 (P1.47) is signed in the medallion zone
55See above, pp. 193-195. Group I: C-37-2425;Group IV: C-1980-123a, b, C-1980-124.
5f6CorinthVII, iii, no. 911, p. 154.
5
CorinthVII, iii, nos. 912 and 909 respectively,p. 154.
58At present it is impossibleto know whether FabricA was manufacturedfrom a special clay imported
for a limited time or representsa mix of clays that laterwas abandonedby potters.
59See Russell, op. cit. (footnote 1 above), pp. 42, 43. The fabricof lamps type X, group 1 is identified
as FabricA.
fiSee Siebert, pp. 30-40. C-1980-125 is an exact parallelfor DI 90. The two bowls are possibly from
the same mold.
202
CHARLESMALCOLM
EDWARDS
by the workshop of Kleagoras.61Other fragments may be attributed to Argive workshops by iconographic parallels (C-1980-51, C-1980-94, C-1980-95, all P1. 47).62 These
bowls probablydate before 146 B.C.

Siebert poses the problem of the commercial relationship between Corinth and
Argos in the Hellenistic period.63Noting the lack of importedCorinthianbowls at Argos
and the presence of bowls from only one Argive workshop among the inventoried
pieces at Corinth, he hesitates to reconstructan active currentof trade between the two
centers. He is left with the problem of several Argive bowls from the monogram5f
workshopat Corinth and considerableinfluence of Argive works in terms of individual
floral motifs.64The materialfound in the 1980 excavations can shed some light on this
problem. We now have signed bowls from two more of the Argive workshopsat Corinth, and three fragmentspossibly from Siebert's fourth group.65The problematicworkshop of the monogramHI is representedby a fragment found in 1969 and signedAC in
the medallion (C-69-109, P1.48). Because the signatureof the monogramEworkshop is
found on bowls in Corinth, in Epidauros,in the National Museum ("qui ne sont pas de
fabricationargienne"), and on Ephesos-typelamps, Siebert proposes that this workshop
was based in one center, possibly in Asia Minor, and had branchworkshopsthroughout
the mainland.The clay of the fragmentsignedAC,however, fits in the FabricB category
and must be an Argive import to Corinth. The evidence seems to mount in favor of a
rather active trade network, at least running from Argos to Corinth. The similarities
Siebert notes between Argive and Corinthian bowls in terms of decorative devices is
simply explained by assuming that the Corinthianpotters copied motifs from imported
Argive bowls.66In the same way, Attic traits can appearon bowls beside Argive-Corinthian motifs.
61Siebert,pp. 41-50.
62C-1980-94and C-1980-95 are attributedto the workshop of Agathokles. C-1980-51 is attributedto

the workshopof Demetrios-lason.
63Siebert,pp. 77-81.
64Siebert(p. 78) provides a chart of Argive decorative motifs and examples in Corinth that use "Argive" stamps. Four of the vases he cites as Corinthianexamples are Argive importsto Corinth (C-47-788,
C-47-789, C-47-796, C-47-240). Close examination of the Corinthianvases that he lists shows that his
groupsare not consistent. For example, under the category"Caliced'acanthesM.55" four differentstamps
appear, only one of which resembles M.55. Under the category "Calice d'acanthes M.27" appear three
varieties of acanthus'leaves, only one of which, represented by the Argive import C-47-788, resembles
M.27. Similarly the category "Rosette M." includes examples of both eight- and ten-petaled rosettes.
Although Siebert's chart does indicatea general similarityand, in a few cases, duplicationbetween Argive
and Corinthianmotifs, the chart does not prove an exclusive relationshipbetween Corinth and Argive
bowls of the monogram f workshop.
65Seefootnote 62 above. C-1980-83may be from the workshopof Agathokles,see p. 204 below.
66Stampscould easily be copied by takinga cast of all or partof an importedbowl. This process can be
illustratedby a series of bowls from the Corinthinventories.
Braun (op. cit. [footnote 54 above], p. 172) has suggested that a particularform of fern with dotted
fronds individuallyattachedto the central stem originatedin Corinth. Both bowls Brauncites as evidence
for the Corinthianorigin of the motif, however, belong to the Fabric B category and must be Argive
imports (C-47-789 and C-47-796). Only one example of a Corinthianbowl decorated with the same fern
203
FABRIC C
Fabric C is a hard, slightly micaceous clay with a bright orange color (2.5YR 6/8).
It has many small voids and fine inclusions. The matt glaze adheres well to the wall and
rarely flakes, though it wears easily on the relief surfaces. Smear marks indicate the
thick glaze was wiped or painted on the interior. The inturned rims of two fragments
suggest comparisons with East Greek bowls. At present it is impossible to localize
FabricC precisely.67
Most fragmentscome from long-petalbowls of the type with contiguous petals and
flat centers. As seen above, this class is the most common representedat Corinth and
probablydoes not begin before the late second quarterof the 2nd century. Insufficient
data on the development of imported long-petalbowls prohibitsany further chronological qualification.
FABRIC D
FabricD has a gray core. The color of the clay ranges in shade (5Y 7/1 to 5Y 6/1)
but is generally somewhat lighter than the imported East Greek wares. It is also distinguished from East Greek bowls by its slightly micaceous fabric, spotted with small
black-and-whiteinclusions and voids. The clay can fire relatively hard but is sometimes
soft and powdery. The glaze varies from lustrous black (2.5YR 3/0) to grayish brown
(2.5YR 5/2); it is prone to flaking.The 1980 fragmentscome from the walls of unusually large bowls, the average thickness of a wall fragment being 0.006 m. The best
preserved example of this type, a stemmed bowl with outturned rim (C-1980-120 [P1.
47] + C-1980-121) has a restoreddiameter of 0.28 m.68
It is difficultto localize the center of productionfor Fabric D. The fabricis comparable to East Greek gray wares. But the iconography of the figured sherds, hunting
scenes, birds in flight, and nude warriors, finds parallels among mainland workshops.
The same can be said for the floral and decorative motifs. It is safest to consider Fabric
D the product of a Peloponnesian workshop until we know more about imported fabrics.
The long-petal bowl (C-1980-120) is of Edwards'type with contiguous petals and

relief centers. Three other fragments of similar Fabric D bowls are in the Corinth
inventories.69In size and qualityof decorationthese fragmentsare best paralleledby the
can be cited: C-36-499 a-e + C-48-62 (CorinthVII, iii, no. 873, pls. 38, 76). On the Corinthianbowl the
fern is smaller than on the Argive examples, though in other respects the stamps are identical (C-36-499
a-e + C-48-62, height of fern = 0.058 mi.; C-47-789, height of fern = 0.065 m.; C-47-796, height of fern
= 0.065 m.). If the stamp for the Corinthianbowl was made from a mold taken from one of the imported
Argive pieces, the shrinkageof the Corinthianbowl in its mold would explain the smallersize of the fern.
67Siebert (p. 204) notes an unidentified "argiles 'orang6es' dont on rencontre des examples sur
presquetous les sites du Peloponnese."
68A previously inventoried fragmentof Fabric D (C-37-1602), a long-petalbowl with applied bolster,
must have come from a vase of kratersize.
69C.-37-1602and C-37-2229 have independentpetals with relief centers. C-63-699 has contiguous petals
with relief centers.
204
CHARLESMALCOLM
EDWARDS
Corinthianlong-petalkraterC-63-490 a-c (P1.48). Two Fabric D figured bowls, possibly from the same mold (C-1980-165, P1. 48; C-80-175), show a nude warriorwearing a
helmet and carryinga shield on his left arm, who runs to the left and with his right
hand hurls a spear at some fantasticcreature. Dogs and birds appearin the field above
and below the scene. Again the best parallel is on a Corinthian sherd from a large
molded relief bowl published by G. R. Edwards.70Wherever the production center of
Fabric D may finally be localized, the presence of its large and impressive bowls in
Corinthexerted a strong influence on the local mold designers.
FABRICE
Fabric E has fine, hard clay with voids and fine white inclusions. The color ranges
from a pale olive (5Y 6/2) to a darkergray (5Y 4/1). The metallic black glaze usually
adheres well to the surface and has a slick, hard feel to the touch. Three fragments
found in the 1980 fill preserve well-articulated rim zones (C-1980-166, P1. 48;
C-1980-167 and C-1980-168). The rims have straight, short sides and outturned lips. It
is impossibleat this moment to localize FabricE precisely.
"VARIOUS FABRICS"
"VariousFabrics" is necessarilya catch-all phrase for bowls that do not fall easily
into the major classifications.Some of these bowls are probablyAttic, Argive, or East
Greek; some may be Corinthian.7'But our state of knowledge does not allow us to
group them at present accordingto fabricor iconography.They truly form a mixed bag:
gray wares, buff fabrics, hard pinkish clay, etc. Even when a piece fills one set of criteria, other characteristicsargue against the same classification. A good example is
C-1980-83 (P1.48). The decorative motifs point to Argos and the workshop of Agathokles. Three figures are preserved, Aktaion, a citharaplayer and an unidentified draped
figure, separated by tall, stylized ferns. These motifs are paralleled on many Argive
vases.72On the other hand the clay resembles Fabric A, a reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6)
with many voids and small black-and-whiteinclusions. Traces of a double-dippingstreak
on the interior also argue for a Corinthianorigin. Was this bowl made in Corinth from
an imported or copied mold or did Agathokles use a clay different from that of his
Argive contemporaries?
Other bowls in this category have no parallels among the excavated material at
Corinth. What must have been a magnificent large bowl, more properlykrater, is preserved in three joining fragments (C-1980-47, P1. 48). The gray clay is hard, non-micaceous, with small voids and some white inclusions. The distinctive glaze is a metallic
7?C-30-36,CorinthVII, iii, no. 844, pl. 74.
71A few bowls (e.g. C-1980-173) are possibly Boiotian. The fabric is paralleledby many bowls from
Eretria which I. Metzger identifies as Boiotian (Metzger, iEretria,II, Die hellenistische Keramik-in Eretria,
Bern 1969, pp. 23-27). I thank Professor Lilly Kahil for allowing me to see the Hellenistic materialfrom
Eretria.
72See,for example, Siebert, A.1, pls. 1-3, A.27, pl. 5.
205
gray (5Y 3/1) with bits of mica. The lowest zone of decoration bears a trace of a large
fleur-de-lis. The frieze zone above has Dionysiac figures separated by Ionic columns.
The upper wall is decorated with three rows of moldings: bead and reel, wave pattern
with crests to the right, and small branches. Indiscriminaterouletting covers the rim
zone. The rim itself is short with an outturned lip.73
CONCLUSIONS
The present study of the molded relief bowls from the 1980 excavations has caused
revision of some of the conclusions based on the inventoried material from past seasons. First of all, Corinthianproductionincludes not only the light, soft clay we generally think of as the local fabric, but probablyalso a harder,pink clay that holds the glaze
better. Corinthianartisans particularlyexcelled in the manufactureof long-petal bowls,
a type they invented or at least introducedto the mainlandin the late second quarterof
the 2nd century B.C.Although the naturalinclinationwas towardproductionof bowls of
this type with simple, repetitive patterns, the popularityof imported bowls with mythological vignettes encouraged the continued production of bowls with representational
scenes, even though such bowls were rarely of the highest quality. There was an active
trade network with Argive workshops, a much less active one with Athens. The presence of so many East Greek bowls, particularlythose of a relatively late style, may
indicate some form of community at Corinth during the period of abandonment.Other
fabrics represented in the Corinth material which at present can not be localized indicate a flourishingcommercialcenter with connections to many areas of the Mediterranean. So many stimuli kept the productionof Corinthianmolded relief bowls a vital, if
eclectic, commercialenterpriseuntil the very last.
APPENDIX
The following appendix includes all the molded relief bowls and fragmentsfound in the Hellenistic fill
north of the east end of the Hellenisticracecourse.The bowls are listed in their lots accordingto fabricand
type. There are three groups:The first signifies the upperlevels of the fill that included Roman intrusions.
The second represents lots from uncontaminatedHellenistic levels. The last group includes bowls from
unlotted levels. Inventoriedpieces are indicatedparenthetically.
73A few molded relief bowls from Delds (Laumonier, no. 3311, pl. 38, nos. 3312, 3313, pl. 39) and
one from Samsun now in the Louvre (A. Greifenhagen, JdI-EH 21, Beitrage Zur anitien Relielk-e,amik-,
Berlin 1963, pp. 62-64, figs. 57, 58) have frieze zones decoratedwith figures separatedby Ionic columns.
One importedbowl of unknown fabricin the Corinth inventories (C-53-81) also has a frieze of traditional
figure types between Ionic columns. Greifenhagencomparesthe Louvre fragmentto Homeric bowls representing the story of Circe and Odysseus where animal-headedmen are depicted seated between columns.
But on the Circe bowls the columns suggest an interior.On the Louvre, Delos and Corinth examples the
columns are used in a purelydecorativesense. Although these bowls are the closest parallels,the size and
iconographyof C-1980-47are unparalleled.
206
LATE HELLENISTICFILL, DISTURBEDLEVELS
Lot 1980-3
1 Corinthianimbricatefragment
1 Corinthianfloralfragment
1 FabricD wall fragment
1 FabricE figuredbowl (C-1980-166a [P1.481,
b)
1 "VariousFabrics"long-petalfragment
Lot 1980-5
1 East Greek rim fragment(C-1980-69)
2 East Greek wall fragments
1 FabricB wall fragment
Lot 1980-11
1 Corinthianlong-petalfragment
1 Corinthianwall fragment
1 FabricA long-petalfragment
Lot 1980-21
1 Corinthiannet-patternbowl
1 Corinthianrim fragment
2 Corinthianwall fragments
1 FabricC long-petalbowl
1 "VariousFabrics"floralfragment
Lot 1980-23
1 East Greek rim fragment
Lot 1980-31
1 Corinthianimbricatefragment(C-1980-126,
P1.45)
1 Corinthianshield-bowlfragment
1 Corinthianwall fragment (C-1980-50)
1 East Greek figuredfragment

2 East Greek rim fragments
1 FabricA figuredfragment
1 FabricA net-patternbowl (C-1980-58, PI. 47)
Lot 1980-37
1 East Greek wall fragment
2 "VariousFabrics"long-petalfragments
1 "VariousFabrics"pine-cone bowl fragment
1 "VariousFabrics"rim fragment
Lot 1980-53
2 Corinthianlong-petalbowls (C-1980-174b)
Lot 1980-60
1 FabricD figuredfragment (C-1980-165,P1.48)
Lot 1980-61
2 Corinthianlong-petalfragments
2 FabricA long-petalfragments
1 FabricE long-petalbowl (C-1980-169)
1 FabricE net-patternbowl (C-1980-167)
1I"VariousFabrics"wall fragment
Lot 1980-63
1 Corinthianfiguredfragment
2 Corinthianrim fragments
LATE HELLENISTICFILL, UNDISTURBEDLEVELS
Lot 1980-6
6 Corinthianlong-petalfragments(C-1980-93,
C-1980-103,P1.41)
5 Corinthianfiguredfragments(C-1980-134,
P1.44; C-1980-176)
1 Corinthianpine-cone bowl fragment
(C-1980-130)
1 East Greek long-petalbowl (C-1980-82, P1.46)
3 East Greek imbricatefragments

1 East Greek pine-cone bowl fragment
6 East Greek rim fragments(C-1980-73)
1 FabricB figuredfragment (C-1980-94, P1.47)
1 FabricB floral bowl (C-1980-48, P1.47)
1 FabricB rim fragment
2 FabricD figuredfragments
1I"VariousFabrics"figuredbowl (C-1980-47,
P1.48)
1 "VariousFabrics"wall fragment
207
Lot 1980-8
2 Corinthianfiguredfragments
Lot 1980-23
1 FabricA pine-cone bowl fragment
(C-1980-129)
Lot 1980-10
3 East Greek long-petalbowls (C-1980-74,
P1.46)
1 East Greek figuredfragment
1 FabricC long-petalfragment
Lot 1980-24
3 Corinthianlong-petalfragments(C-1980-56;
C-1980-106,P1.41)
2 Corinthianfiguredfragments(C-1980-164)
5 East Greek wall fragments(C-1980-116,P1.45)
1 FabricA rim fragment
1 FabricA wall fragment
1 FabricB floralfragment
1 FabricE long-petalfragment (C-1980-168)
2 "VariousFabrics"figuredfragments
1 "VariousFabrics"net-patternfragment
1 "VariousFabrics"shield-bowlfragment
Lot 1980-12
1 East Greek long-petalfragment
1 Attic long-petalfragment
1 Attic wall fragment
1 FabricD imbricatefragment
2 "VariousFabrics"wall fragments
Lot 1980-13
3 Corinthianfiguredfragments(C-1980-171a, b)
1 Attic figuredfragment
1 Attic rim fragment
2 FabricD long-petalfragments
1 FabricD molded bowl support(C-1980-1)
1 "VariousFabrics"imbricatefragment
Lot 1980-14
Lot 1980-15
Lot 1980-17
1 Corinthiannet-patternfragment
1 FabricD long-petalbowl (C-1980-120,P1.47)
Lot 1980-25
10 Corinthianlong-petalfragments(C-1980-107;
C-1980-108,P1.41; C-1980-135, P1.42;
C-1980-138a, PI. 41)
PI. 44; C-1980-163,P1.45)
1 East Greek long-petalbowl (C-1980-75)
1 East Greek floralfragment
3 FabricA figuredfragments
1 FabricA net-patternfragment
3 "VariousFabrics"figuredfragments
(C-1980-83,P1.48)
1 "VariousFabrics"pine-cone bowl
2 "VariousFabrics"rim fragments
208
CHARLESMALCOLMEDWARDS
Lot 1980-26
1 Attic figuredfragment(C-1980-122,P1.46)
1 FabricA net-patternbowl (C-1980-57,P1.47)
3 East Greek wall fragments(C-1980-117)
Lot 1980-27
1 FabricD rim (C-1980-121)
Lot 1980-28
2 Corinthianfiguredbowls (C-1980-140,P1.45)
Lot 1980-29
Lot 1980-39
5 Corinthianlong-petalbowls (C-1980-104,
P1.41; C-1980-145)
6 Corinthianfiguredbowls (C-1980-10,P1.42;
C-1980-136)
3 Corinthianimbricatebowls (C-1980-127a
[P1. 451, b)
4 Corinthianlinear-leafbowls (C-1980-141,a
[P1.461, b; C-1980-144)
1 East Greek long-petalbowl
1 East Greek net-patternbowl (C-1980-119a
[P1.451-c)
1 FabricA figuredbowl (C-1980-123a, b, P1.44)
1 FabricB long-petalbowl
1 FabricB figuredbowl
1 FabricB rim fragment
2 FabricB wall fragments
1 FabricD long-petalfragment
1I"VariousFabrics"long-petalfragment
Lot 1980-41
1 Corinthianfiguredfragment (C-1980-49)
Lot 1980-42
PI. 43)
1 Corinthianlinear-leaffragment
2 Corinthianwall fragments(C-1980-142)
1 Attic long-petalfragment
1 FabricD figuredfragment
Lot 1980-44
1 Corinthianlong-petalbowl
Lot 1980-47
1 Corinthianfiguredfragment(C-1980-162)
Lot 1980-50
1 FabricB figuredbowl (C-1980-125,P1.47)
Lot 1980-51
14 Corinthianlong-petalbowls (C-1980-105,
C-1980-174a)
P1.44; C-1980-139a, b, C-1980-176)
1 Corinthianimbricatebowl
(C-1980-128,P1.45)
9 Corinthianwall fragments(C-1980-177)
3 East Greek long-petalfragments
2 FabricB figuredbowls (C-1980-95, P1.47)
1 FabricB floral bowl (C-1980-48, P1.47)
2 FabricB wall fragments
3 FabricC long-petalbowls
2 FabricC imbricatebowls
2 "VariousFabrics"net-patternfragments
Lot 1980-52
Lot 1980-64
3 Corinthianfiguredfragments(C-1980-133)
1 Corinthianmolded bowl support(C-1980-64)
1 East Greek imbricatebowl
1 Attic long-petalbowl (C-1980-87a [P1.461, b)
1 Attic rim fragment
1 FabricA shield-bowlfragment
1 FabricB wall fragment
1 FabricD figuredbowl
Lot 1980-66
Lot 1980-83
Lot 1980-84
5 Corinthianfiguredfragments(C-1980-40;
C-1980-140,P1.45)
2 Attic figuredfragments
1 FabricA figuredfragment
1 FabricD long-petalbowl (C-1980-120,P1.47)
1 "VariousFabrics"figuredfragment
(C-1980-173)
1 "VariousFabrics"linear-leaffragment
1 "VariousFabrics"rim fragment
Lot 1980-85
2 Corinthianfiguredbowls (C-1980-41b [P1.421,
a; C-1980-124, P1.44)
1 Corinthianimbricatefragment(C-1980-137,
P1.45)
Lot 1980-86
1 Corinthianfiguredbowl
Lot 1980-87
(C-1980-138b)
2 FabricB rim fragments
2 "VariousFabrics"rim fragments
UNLOTTED MATERIAL
C-1980-71
C-1980-72
C-1980-86
East Greek rim fragment

East Greek long-petalfragment
(P1.46)
Attic long-petalfragment(P1.47)
209
C-1980-170 "VariousFabrics"long-petal
fragment
C-1980-172 East Greek long-petalfragment
C-1980-175 FabricD figuredfragment
210
CHARLESMALCOLMEDWARDS
2 East Greek floralfragments
1 Attic wall fragment
1 FabricC long-petalfragment
1 FabricC imbricatefragment
1 FabricD long-petalfragment
1 FabricD rim fragment

AMERICANSCHOOLOF CLASSICALSTUDIES
54 Souidias Street
Athens
140, Greece
PLATE
~~
~~~~~C-18-19 ~
C-1980-138a
C-1980-106
C-1976-94
Scale 1:3
C-1980-108
41
PLATE
42
C-37-2249b
C-1980-135
C-33-1375
C-1980-10
Scale 1:2
C-69-149
Scale 1:3
PLATE
C-65-98
Scale 1:3
C-1980-132
C-1979-13
MF-68-345
Scale 1:2
43
PLATE
44
C-1980-124
C-1980-123a, b
C-37-2737
C-47-893
C-1980-131
C-1980-134
Scale 1:2
PLATE
C-1980-163
C-908198014
C-1980-128
C-1980-137
C-1980-127
45
PLATE
46
IN..
C-1980-141a
C-1980-74
C-1980-82
C-1980-72
C-1980-122
PLATE
C-1980-58
C-1980-86
C-1980-57
C-1980-48
Scale 1:3
C-1980-42
C-1980-125
C-1980-51
C-1980-94
47
PLATE
48
C-63-490
Scale 1:3
C-69-109
C-1980-166 a
C-1980-165
C-1980-83

Corinth 1980: Molded Relief Bowls: (Plates

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CORINTH 1980: MOLDED RELIEF BOWLS

HE 1980 EXCAVATIONSEASON at Corinth uncovered a series of fills of pottery

American School of Classical Studies at Athens

CHARLES MALCOLM EDWARDS

G. R. Edwardssuggests that the initial phase of the long-petaldesign is represented

14CorinthVII, iii, p. 178.

Characteristicsof this group are an empty medallion surrounded by a corolla of small

CorinthVII, iii, no. 843, pl. 73

Characteristicsof this group are a small, eight-petaledrosette in the medallion, a corolla

CorinthVII, iii, no. 845, pl. 74

P1.44; CorinthVII, iii, no. 818

A characteristicfeature is the decoration in friezes. Common motifs are a corolla of

Attic bowls constitute a surprisinglysmall percentage (2%) of the imported wares

CorinthVII, iii, nos. 912 and 909 respectively,p. 154.

bowls probablydate before 146 B.C.

62C-1980-94and C-1980-95 are attributedto the workshop of Agathokles. C-1980-51 is attributedto

The long-petal bowl (C-1980-120) is of Edwards'type with contiguous petals and

CHARLES MALCOLM EDWARDS

LATE HELLENISTICFILL, DISTURBEDLEVELS

1 East Greek figuredfragment

LATE HELLENISTICFILL, UNDISTURBEDLEVELS

3 East Greek imbricatefragments

East Greek rim fragment

CHARLES MALCOLM EDWARDS

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