Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
Any hypothesis will

enable predictions by reasoning. It predicts the outcome of an experiment. On
the basis of the above discussion and through primary (questionnaires,
telephonic interviews, etc.) and secondary research (literature review) the
following three hypothesis were developed including a null and an alternative
hypothesis. The null hypothesis refers to a general statement or default position
that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena. The alternative
hypothesis is the hypothesis used in hypothesis testing that is contrary to the
null hypothesis. It is usually taken to be that the observations are the result of a
real effect. The four hypothesis proposed are:
1. Ho - The current railway policies are ineffective.
H1 The current railway policies are effective.
2. Ho Railway services are unsatisfactory.
H1 Railway services are satisfactory.
3. Ho Most people do not depend on railways as inter-city travel.
H1 Most people depend on railways as inter-city travel.
1.
Ho - The current railway policies are ineffective.

H1 The current railway policies are effective.
in order to bring about greater efficiency in administration, speedy

implementation of on-going projects, better customer care, reduction of workload
on General Managers etc., Indian Railways have decided to create seven new
zones by territorial re-adjustment of existing zones. The new zones, having
limited financial burden on Railways, will have thin and lean, efficient and
modern administrative set up. Two of the new zones have already started
functioning.
With a view to complete strategically important projects within a stipulated
period of time, a non-budgetary investment initiative for the development of
Railways has been launched.. Under the scheme all the capacity bottlenecks in
the critical sections of the railway network will be removed at an investment of
Rs.15,000 crore over the next five years. These projects would include:
1.Strengthening of the golden Quadrilateral to run more long-distance

mail/express and freight trains at a higher speed of 100 kmph.
2.Strengthening of rail connectivity to ports and development of multi-modal

corridors to hinterland.
3.Construction of four mega bridges - two over River Ganga, one over River
Brahmaputra, and one over River Kosi.
National Train Enquiry System" has been started in order to provide upgraded
passenger information and enquiries. This system provides the train running
position on a current basis through various output devices such as terminals in
the station enquiries and Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) at important
railway stations. So far the project has been implemented at 98 stations.
Freight Operations Information System (FOIS) Computerisation of freight

operations by Railways has been achieved by implementing Rake Management
System (RMS). Such FOIS terminals are available at 235 locations
Railways have established their own intra-net Railnet It provides networking

between Railway Board, Zonal Headquarters, Divisional headquarters, Production
Units, Training Centers etc.
4.Accelerated completion of those projects nearing completion and other

important projects.
2.
Ho Railway services are unsatisfactory.

H1 Railway services are satisfactory.
Organizations and companies succeed, or fail, based on the quality and

effectiveness of their employees. Quality is one of the key parameters in order
measure the performance of the products or services and even it is one primary
indicator to organizational performance. As customer perception plays a
significant role in order to measure service quality of the service provider and
hence the performance of the organization. It is also evident that superior quality
of services helps to gain customer satisfaction, loyalty, increased market share
and thus increased productivity and performance.
Indian railways are commonly referred to as the as Provide what is better
Promote what is best Preserve what is good, by making movement of people
and freight thought Indian at large scale. Service quality can be described as a
rationale of differences between expectation and competence along the
important quality dimensions. Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry identified ten
requirements useful for Passengers evaluation of the quality of services:
reliability, responsiveness, tangibles, Information, Assurance, Empathy, Food
plazas, timeliness, understanding the Passengers and service accessibility.
Rail transport system is the main public transport system in India and is
administered by the Federal Government of India namely, Indian Railways. Rail
transport system is connected With all the major cities of the country. Rail
transport system is aiding movement of the people with lowest fare and the
source of transportation from big cities like Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata,
Bangalore and Hyderabad. Especially on these routes, a number of nonstop
trains are operated in order to minimize the time and reduce the distances.
According to Annual reports of Indian Railways, it carries about 8500 Million
passengers per day and about 84,26 Lakhs passengers during the year of 20112012.
The Indian Rail transportation is gaining importance day by day. With the
increase of passengers, the Indian Railways has focused to extend its attention
to satisfy the needs of customers and made initiatives to improve the quality of
service to enrich the satisfaction of customers. Even though repeated attempt
made by the Railways to improve the quality of services. This reveals that,
continuous, comprehensive, lengthy intentional performance and attempts are
essential to fill any service gaps.
3. Ho Most people do not depend on railways as inter-city travel.

H1 Most people depend on railways as inter-city travel.
The Indian Railways is the worlds third largest rail network under a single
management. Indian Railways is a commonly used mode of public transportation
in the country. During 2010-11, it carried 7,651million passengers as against
7,246 million in 2009-10 thus registering a volume growth of 5.6%. Passenger
kilometres ,which is calculated by multiplying the number of journeys by mean
kilometric distance was 979 billion, up by 8.3% from 903billion in the previous
year. Passenger earnings also increased by 2,291.2 crore (9.8%) in comparison
with 2009-10.
The trend of passenger traffic since 1950-51 till 2011 are shown below:
references
http://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/stat_econ/yearbook
10-11/Passenger_business.pdf
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jef/papers/vol4-issue1/G0415866.pdf
http://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1
http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/infra/download
s/VISION_2020_Eng_SUBMITTED_TO_PARLIAMENT.pdf

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A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.

Any hypothesis will

Ho - The current railway policies are ineffective.

in order to bring about greater efficiency in administration, speedy

1.Strengthening of the golden Quadrilateral to run more long-distance

2.Strengthening of rail connectivity to ports and development of multi-modal

Freight Operations Information System (FOIS) Computerisation of freight

Railways have established their own intra-net Railnet It provides networking

4.Accelerated completion of those projects nearing completion and other

Ho Railway services are unsatisfactory.

Organizations and companies succeed, or fail, based on the quality and

3. Ho Most people do not depend on railways as inter-city travel.

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