Flower Marketing
Flower Marketing
Flower Marketing
Chapter-One
1. Introduction:
Flowers symbolize beauty and serenity right from the Garden of Eden down to the green
grocers basket. Flowers have been regarded as an embodiment of human taste and
aesthetics. They inspired great songs to be composed, great souls to be unfolded and great
feelings to be expressed. This unique and unparalleled nature of flowers has given rise to
its commercial transaction all over the world. Thus, Bangladesh has ventured to enter this
expanding export market.
Now a days flower marketing is in the process of a metamorphosis in Bangladesh
(Hossain and Rahman 1994:5) Today the trade of flowers is a burgeoning trade and a
number of florists have sprung up who sell flowers (cultural Reporter, 2002:10). No one
could think of exporting Bangladeshi flowers even a few years ago. But this is a reality
today and prosperous bonanza for tomorrow. In view of marketing prospect of flowers, a
vast agricultural land has been turned into a flower growing area and the farmers are now
in a position to make available any quantum of flowers for export according to the market
requirements. This is encouraging both for the exporters and for the importers to
strengthen their contacts and stimulate commercial operations of flowers. Available
secondary data indicate that in Bangladesh the cultivation of flowers for the purpose of
commercial use was started in a large scale from the early 80s. Initially it was confined to
a few areas of the country such as panishara (jessore) and satkhira and gradually
expanded to other parts of the country such as Narayangonj, savar, Tongi and some of the
semi-urban areas of the country namely Barisal, Bagherhat and Chittagong
However, the substantial amount of flower cultivation is now still limited to the area of
panishara and its adjacent places in Jessore (Hossain and Rahman 1994:5). Before 1983,
the space in front of the High Court Mazar was the venue for the flower trade. Now it has
spread too many other specific areas of the city .A little distance away from the Shahbagh
road corner towards the west lays the Katabon area which has the biggest concentration
of flowers shops in the city (Shams 1999). Not only small-scale flower vendors are now
widespread and visible at several shops with neatly displayed flowers in shelves are
found throughout the country particularly in Dhaka and other division and few district
cities.
The traders sell the flowers on the foot-path at Shahbag from 6:00am to 12.00 pm .The
flowers are kept either at the traders homes or in the closets behind the foot-paths.
Suppliers bring truckloads of flowers to Dhaka from Jessore, Savar and other places
every morning. Some flowers are imported from India and Thailand.
Page 1 of 72
1.1.3
Marketing Objective
1.2 Hypothesis
Flower marketing in Bangladesh is suitable or not for improving GNP & GDP
contribution.
1.3 Methodology
Study approach: The study is explorative in the context of Bangladesh for the
aspects focused mainly on flower. However, it can also be termed as descriptive and
analytical.
Sample size: Sample sizes were approximately 40, which were selected for filling
up the questionnaire.
Page 5 of 72
The service holders or Businessmen including end users, decision makers and opinion
leaders.
Housewives
Young generation or students.
Once the strata were selected, convenient sampling procedure was adopted for the ease of
data collection.
Data collection procedure: A detail questionnaire was formulated for collecting data.
The questionnaire is distributed among randomly chosen respondent. Among the
respondent the study is divided into two groups. One of them is consumers or user of
flower and the other group is non-user of flower. The analysis is focused on four
facts as the outcome. The outcomes are:
Identify when people choose flower and whats reason for choosing.
Identify whether the current flower users are satisfied with the product.
Sources of data: Majority of the study is based on primary data. However some
secondary data source is used for background study.
Primary Data collection sources were done by direct interview to the targeted
respondents and by administering questionnaires through telephone and e-mail.
Secondary Data were collected from books, published documents, survey
reports, internet and journals.
Page 6 of 72
Topic
Duration
5
Days
15
Days
5
Days
10
Days
10
Days
Page 7 of 72
Chapter- Two
2.1 Findings and Discussions
2.1.1 Industry characteristics
A large number of flower producers are involved in flower
marketing, in fact, to become successful flower marketers; they
need to have many logistical and technical supports, which are
not available. Of those, speedy transportation and distribution,
scientific storage system, technical know-how with regard to
production and distribution are noteworthy. People involved in
flower production and marketing can broadly be categorized
into two groups such as:
1. Flower Producing people and
2. People who are involved in flower marketing activities.
2.1.2Growing
Bangladesh Flower Growers & Babshayee Samity (Shams, 2005) said some 20 types of
flowers are available at Shahbagh .The local ones include rose ,Rajanigandha, Ganda,
lotus, Gladiolus and Chandramallika, Orchid etc. these come from different places which
shown below:
Chuadanga (Jibon
Rajonigandha, gada
Page 8 of 72
Page 9 of 72
Taka
15-20 per dozen
Bouquet
Garlands
50-200
300-2000
Flower Ring
500-5000
Stage Decoration
200-4000
Gladioli (Indian)
500-3000
3 to 6 per piece
Page 12 of 72
Wholesalers
Local traders
Retailers
Consumers
World Market:
Page 14 of 72
Exporter
Auction
Selling
Wholesale Importer
Retailer
Consumer
Population
(millions)
7.99
10.49
1209.10
Value of total
Market (US $
millions)
836
690
488
Page 15 of 72
9
10.43
80
5.20
66
5.09
66
58.11
94
81.34
31
10.65
12
3.55
60
58.26
43
125.51
77
15.45
160
1.33
24
39.40
85
8.82
167
7.08
29
58.30
55
263.81
Total World Floral Market
Source : (Grell Heather, 1998:4)
92
416
335
3828
7,607
332
44
3496
5397
1191
608
950
752
1183
1680
14586
4459
In almost all-important points of Dhaka City, at least one flower shop is available where
beauty-hunting customers crowd to buy flowers. Rajanigandha, Rose, Gendha, Gladioli
Orchid, Oster, Slowbal, etc flowers are invariably available in these shops all around the
year. To protect and promote the interest of flower businessman an association named
Bangladesh Flower Growers and Bubshyee Samiti has been established.
Recent boom of flower business has touched the other divisions and some district cities
of Bangladesh. Most notable are Dampara, Lalkhan Bazar, Nandan Kanon, GEC Moor of
Chittagong, Newmarket, Santidham of Khulna, Sonadhikhi Turning point, Alopartinoor,
sahib Bazar and Newmarket of Rajshahi city, and Sylhet divisional city all these place are
cowered by the customer(s) of flowers (Haqre, Islam & Haqre, 2000:250).]
Along with the increasing number of flower shops, there are a number of nurseries
around Dhaka city, which are thriving. They are the new addition to city life. Even a
decade back such nurseries did not exist. Today these nurseries have sprung up to cater to
the needs of the local residents.
2.4
Export
Amount
12000
16000
960000
45000000
400000000
Page 18 of 72
2769
1998
556,105
335,253
45,953
25,631
23,255
7,886
1999
549,314
385,451
45,131
28,009
25,261
14,170
2000
581,368
419,632
46,108
30,457
26,571
21,452
2001
604,341
418,930
48,632
34,104
24,994
24,392
2002
647,221
463,378
48,096
39,391
23,866
22,964
Page 19 of 72
24,380
15,545
6,047
16,855
11,345
13,480
7,195
------3,976
1,113
---------
24,928
15,651
7,803
17,275
13,043
11,883
10,026
6,072
4,709
2,118
1,171,134
21,296
18,086
9,425
12,774
11,510
6,676
8,587
8,330
5,277
1,618
1,237,091
21,138
18,509
7,839
9,579
12,211
7,599
7,782
7,987
4,939
1,278
1,263,283
18,764
17,471
16,722
12,019
11,931
11,039
10,143
8,934
5,023
1,484
1,370,469
2.5 Import
Mary Gold
Orchid
Jervera
--------
1,171,134
1,237,091
1,263,283
1,370,469
Page 31 of 72
1999
1171134
2000
1237091
2001
1263283
2002
1370469
Chapter-Three
3. Mission, Vision & Objective of flower marketing
3. Mission, Vision & Objective of flower marketing
Mission:
To grow and increase value by implementing advanced technologies, new products
and services to provide excellent solutions to satisfy customers requirements.
Vision:
To provide the best satisfaction for the customers.
Goal:
To make market profitability, good corporate citizenship and a sustainable
growth.
Objectives:
Page 32 of 72
Flower business portfolio comprises the following business areas: Information and
Communication, Automation and control, Power, Transportation, Medical, Lighting and
Home Appliance. The individual groups within these areas are responsible for their own
worldwide operations, with regional units around the globe supporting their efforts.
Page 33 of 72
Information &
Communication
Business
Areas
Transportation
Lighting
Automation &
Control
Medical
Solutions
Home
Appliances
Flower has related diversification and their product ranges are divided into different
product lines. This decentralized structure gives the greatest degree of entrepreneurial
responsibility and the ability to nurture the closest possible ties to their customers.
3.1.3 Transportation
Flower comes in Dhaka city from different places of jessore. Beside this Savar,
Mymansingh, Netrokona, Chuadanga etc. at first flower come in Shabagh and katabon
and then it goes different places by track and pickup.
Strengths:
Page 35 of 72
Page 36 of 72
Marketing strategies
Market segmentation
The management problem is focused on the facts of one issue. The problem is:
Corporate Culture
Page 37 of 72
3.4.2 Actual findings from the secondary data and its relation with the
marketing management problems
When we went through our data analysis we matched them with the marketing
management problems we have mentioned so far. The SWOT analysis of the company
was retrieved from analyzing their company brochures, reports and also from their
marketing division. The analysis is pretty much relevant with the major marketing
problems we have highlighted in one of the previous sections. The analysis shows that
due to some of their weakness, e.g. less competitive price, inconsistency in promotion.
Plan for different segments of their target market, which in turn resulted in their
incapability to attract an important target group, i.e. the target consumer of flower users.
Page 39 of 72
Frequency Distribution
1. Preference of Decorating Drawing Room
Value
1
Frequency
1
16
22
50
Frequency
2
19
13
11
Page 40 of 72
Frequency
0
10
18
19
50
4. Preference of Flower
Value
1
Frequency
4
17
6
50
Frequency
0
21
22
Page 41 of 72
5
50
Frequency
46
4
50
7. Fragrance of flower
Value
1
Frequency
36
14
50
8. Capacity Vs Prices
Value
1
Frequency
34
16
50
Page 42 of 72
5*22= 110
4*16=
64
3*7=
21
2*4=
1*1=
1
204
5*11=55
4*13=52
3*19=57
2*5=10
1*2=2
176
Preference of Decorating Drawing Room = 176/50=3.52(Mean)
Page 43 of 72
5*19=95
4*18=72
3*10=30
2*3=6
1*0=0
203
Preference of Decorating bride chamber = 203/50 = 4.06 (Mean)
4. Preference of Flower
7*6=42
6*8=48
5*8=40
4*4=16
3*3=9
2*17=34
Page 44 of 72
1*4=4
=193
Preference of Flower = 193/50 =3.86 (Mean)
= 4 (Median)
= 2 (Mode)
= 180
Prospect of Flower Marketing =180/50 = 3.60 (Mean)
= 4 (Median)
= 4 (Mode)
Now to test the hypothesis we have to find out the Z value that leads to do a Z test of the
preference of flower.
Here we drew the null hypothesis is that if more than 60% of the total respondents say
that the quality of flower is good, then no change will occur.
Ho: 0.60 (Null Hypothesis)
H1: 0.60 (Alternative Hypothesis)
Out of 50 respondent 22 persons said that the quality of flower is good for marketing.
So, (p) = 22/50=.44
Here if the confidence level is 95% then the table value will be 1.64 and the critical value
is -2.32. So the null hypothesis is rejected, that is, the quality will have to be increased.
1(High)
7
10
17
2(Low)
8
5
13
Row Total
15
15
30
Page 46 of 72
Number
C11
C12
C21
C22
7
8
10
5
( o - e )
8.5
6.5
8.5
6.5
e
.2647
.3462
.2647
.3462
X2=1.2218
Comment
Here null hypothesis is accepted which means there is no association between the
variables, that is, the flower marketing does not vary from Male to Female. Hence Flower
Marketing has a great opportunity in Bangladesh.
Phi-coefficient =
X2
n
1.2218
50
0.1563
The flower marketing structure in our country is not strong.
Number
High
Low
2
Page 47 of 72
7
7
5
5
2
7
5
6
5
2
7
4
2
5
2
2
2
4
6
7
2
2
3
4
Total
69
43
Yj
5.31
3.31
5.31 + 3.31
Y=
2
=
4.31
SSx = n (Yj Y) 2 + n (Y Y)
= 13(5.31 4.31) 2 + 13(3.31-4.31) 2
= 26
Page 48 of 72
= 75.54
SSy = SSx + SSerro
= 26+75.54
= 101.54
n= SSx / SSy
= 26 / 101.54
= 0.256
F = (26/1) / (75.54/ 24)
= 8.26
With the 1 and 24 degree of freedom the critical value of F is 4.26
Ho; category means are equal that high quality and low quality perception has no effect
on the preference of flower marketing in Bangladesh is rejected which means perception
of quality has effect on preference of flower marketing in Bangladesh.
Page 49 of 72
Interpretation
From this demographic analysis it is possible to find out gross family income of a person.
From this chart it seems that the highest income group is in the Below TK10,000 with
37.5%, the second group of 25% of Tk.10, 000-Tk20, 000, with 15% falling under the
Tk20, 000-Tk40, 000, and finally 12.5% is under more than Tk.40, 000.
Question 1
Do you prefer flower in decoration?
Page 50 of 72
Chart #
Interpretation
The purpose of this question is to find out the demand of flower in the market. So from
the above chart it can be said that 100% of the respondents like flower to decorate their
drawing room, office, and chambers. Since flower becomes a necessity to the people in
part of their daily life. Hence, it can be said flower has a potential market growth in
Bangladesh.
Question 2
If yes what do you think about the preferences of flower?
Table #
PercentCriteria
8.0Extremely BadNo of Respondents
34.0Very Bad4
6.0moderate 17
8.0Bad3
16.0good4
16.0Very good 8
8
Excellent
Total
12.0
50
100.0
Chart #
Interpretation
The table and chart illustrates the perception of the users of the total survey
respondents about the preferences of flower. As to 8% respondents its preferences is
extremely bad and another 34% from the total users of the respondents perceive it very
bad. The 6% think it as moderate. 8% think it as bad. 16% think it as good.16% thinks it
as very good. 12% think it as excellent.
Page 51 of 72
Question 3
Mention the flower name you prefer in decoration.
Table #
Criteria
Rajoni Gondha
Rose
Beli
Mary gold
Gladiolus
Others
Total
No of Respondents
20
17
5
5
1
2
50
Percent
40.0
34.0
10
10
2
4
100.0
Chart #
Interpretation
From the above table and chart it can be said that highest number of users are the ones
using Rojonigondha with 40%. The second is Rose users which is 34%. Then 10% and
10% respectively use Beli and Mary Gold. And the rest 2% and 4.0% respondents use
Gladiolus and others Flower.
Question 4
Who influenced you for buying flower?
Table #
Criteria
Family members/relatives/friends/neighbors
Experience
Movie
Print Ads
Dealers
Total
No of Respondents
22
10
9
6
3
50
Percent
44.0
20.0
18.0
12.0
6.0
100.0
Chart #
Page 52 of 72
This question was who influence you to buy the flower. The above table and chart shows
that most of the respondents of the survey influenced or choose their brand by their
family members, relatives, friends, neighbors i.e. about 44%.20% of the respondents said
they are influenced by experience.18% of the respondents said they are influenced by
watching TV Movie ads whereas 12% are by print ads. Some respondents of the sample
survey responded that they choose Flower by their own experience of using Flower. And
the rest 6% of the respondents replied dealers as their choosing of Flower.
Question 5
Do you prefer flower in decorating drawing room?
Table #
Criteria
Very less
Less
Moderate
Much
Very much
Total
No of Respondents
1
4
7
16
22
50
Percent
2.0
8.0
14.0
32.0
44.0
100.0
Interpretation
The table and chart illustrates the perception of the users of the total survey
respondents about the preferences of flower. As to 2% respondents its preferences is very
less and another 8% from the total users of the respondents perceive it less. The14%
thinks it as moderate. 32% think it as much. 44% think it as very much.
Question 6
Do you prefer flower in decorating office?
Page 53 of 72
Table #
Criteria
No of Respondents
Percent
Very less
4.0
Less
10.0
Moderate
19
38.0
Much
13
26.0
Very much
11
22.0
100.0Total
50
..
Interpretation
The table and chart illustrates the perception of the users of the total survey
respondents about the preferences of flower. As to 4% respondents its preferences is very
less and another 10% from the total users of the respondents perceive it less. The 38%
thinks it as moderate. 26% think it as much, 22% think it as very much.
Question 7
Do you prefer flower in decorating bride chamber?
Table #
Criteria
No of Respondents
Percent
Very less
Less
6.0
Moderate
10
20.0
Much
18
36.0
Very much
19
38.0
Total
50
100.0
Page 54 of 72
Interpretation
The table and chart illustrates the perception of the users of the total survey
respondents about the preferences of flower. As to 0% respondents its preferences is very
less and another 6% from the total users of the respondents perceive it less. The 20%
thinks it as moderate. 36% think it as much, 38% think it as very much.
Question 8
Do you consider price at the time of buying flower?
Table #
Criteria
No of Respondents
Percent
Yes
34
68.0
No
16
32.0
Total
50
100.0
Chart #
Question 9
Do you consider fragrance at the time of buying flower?
Table #
Criteria
No of Respondents
Percent
Yes
36
72.0
No
14
28.0
Total
50
100.0
Chart #
Page 55 of 72
Question 10
Is quality as a considering factor at the time of buying flower?
Table #
Criteria
No of Respondents
Percent
Yes
46
92.0
No
8.0
Total
50
100.0
Chart #
Question 11
Do you prefer to buy it from the Dhaka Shahbag?
Table #
Criteria
No of Respondents
Percent
Yes
30
60.0
No
20
40.0
Total
50
100.0
Chart #
Interpretation
While concerning about purchasing flowers from Dhaka Shahbag 40% of the survey
respondents said NO and 40% respondents replied YES.
Page 56 of 72
Question 12
If yes then the reason is-Table #
Criteria
No of Respondents
Percent
Less price
16
32.0
14
28.0
12
24.0
16.0
Total
50
100.0
Chart #
..
Interpretation
Respondents prefer purchasing flower from Shahbag. 32% respondents prefer to buy it
because of it less price. 28% respondents want to buy it due to only whole sale market.
And the 24% says all flowers are available in the market rest 16% respondents who are
interested to buy from Shahbag are for fresh & high quality.
Question 13
Have you ever used Flower?
Table #
Criteria
No of Respondents
Percent
Yes
25.0
Page 57 of 72
35
75.0
Total
40
100.0
Chart #
Interpretation
The purpose of this question is to get the number of the respondents who use Siemens
refrigerator among the total survey sample size. The above table and the chart shows that
only 25% of the respondents said YES which is very small in size compare to other
brand. Because 75% of the respondents replied NO, they use other brands.
Question 14
If no in your point of view the reason isTable #
Criteria
No of Respondents
Percent
25.7
18
51.4
10
14.3
Comparatively expensive
12
8.6
Perishable
0.0
Others
0.0
Total
35
100.0
Chart #
Interpretation
This question was conducted to know the reason of the respondents who does not use flower.
After collecting the information from the respondents it can be said that most of the respondents
i.e. 51.4% think that this flower is not available in the market. Whereas 25.7% of the respondents
said that they are not aware about this. That means they have no idea that flower is symbol of
Page 58 of 72
Question 15
Prospect of flower marketing in Bangladesh?
Table #
Page 59 of 72
Criteria
Flower marketing
in Bangladesh
e
r
c
e
n
t
0
Very bad
N
o
o
f
R
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
8
Bad
.
0
0
1
Moderate
4
.
0
4
3
Good
2
.
0
7
4
Very good
4
.
0
Page 60 of 72
1
6
Total22
50
100.0
Interpretation
The table and chart illustrates the Prospect of flower marketing in Bangladesh.0% respondents
its preferences is extremely bad and another 8% from the total users of the respondents
perceive it bad. The 14% think it as moderate. 32% think it as good. 44% think it as very
good.
Page 61 of 72
Page 62 of 72
Beside these:
1. Lack of farmers awareness of quality flower produce.
2. Lack of internal proper transport facility
3. Lack of round the year supply of market oriented cut flowers.
4. Lack of technology for utilizing dry container and refrigerated container
5. Inadequate infrastructure facility
6. Pest management deficiency
7. Inefficient post harvest management
8. Absence of cool chain facility
9. Poor packaging
10. Long delay in shipment and incorrect method of preservation of flowers.
11. Non-availability of land for commercial production of flowerers and lack of
motivating of farmers.
Page 63 of 72
Page 64 of 72
is
reality
today
and
(www.epbd.com/expprod/flower.htm,2004).
potential
They
bonanza
varieties
of
for
cut
tomorrow
flowers
that
Bangladesh can supply, with an edge over others, include rose, gladioli, anthorium,
Carnation, hellieonia, gerbera, ginger lily, and a host of orchid and foliage. The fact that
these are original agricultural products of Bangladesh enables the importers to enjoy
preferential tariff treatment under the GSP. Because of duty free import facility,
developed countries like the EU, the USA, and Japan find importing of flowers from
Bangladesh highly attractive. (www.epbd. Com/expprod/flower.htm. 2004).
They also find investment in flowerer cultivation in Bangladesh extremely profitable due
to conducive climate and cheap labor. The ethnic markets of the Middle East and South
Asia also hold up high prospects for investment and export.
There is vast scope for export of Bangladeshi pot and cut flowers to the EEC countries
and Middle Eastern States. EPB officials informed that many in Europe, Middle East,
Hong Kong, Singapore and so forth have shown interest to buy cut foliages grown in
Bangladesh (Ahmed, 1995:6)
The cut Foliages that include eucalyptus, asparagus, plumose, palm, asparagus desiflores
and leather leaf fern can account for considerable amount of foreign exchange with
virtually no investment.
Tuberoses, carnations and orchids are ideal flowers for Bangladesh to export to England.
Carnation, which is a highly demanded product in Bangladesh, enjoys the usual seasonal
peaks in demand at Mothers Day Easter, Christmas and Valentine. For carnations,
Bangladesh will face competition with Netherlands, Columbia. Israel. Spain, Italy, Kenya
and Chile. For orchids, its competitors will be Thailand, Holland, Australia, New Zeeland
and Singapore. In Germany, there is a high demand of carnation and anthorium, Where
Bangladesh can easily export with great variety.
Page 65 of 72
3.15 Recommendation
Under the present open market policy, exporters themselves are to prove their worth in
the competition and face the challenges confronted with. Considering the high degree of
competition prevailing in the export markets, government through its institutional support
should assist the exporters in gaining experiences in production and export in a
sustainable condition.
Page 66 of 72
Production areas of exportable flowers may be spread in the potential areas of the
country for minimizing production cost.
Flower is necessary in various occasions.
Customers are very limited.
Flower is brilliant in producing goods and ensuring service.
Flower marketers should give more ads in Magazine, TV, or Radio for its greater
announcement.
It is well known to all for its beauty and scent.
Very hardly we buy flower from the shop. I think shop is not a good option to
attract customer.
They should increase advertisement on TV, newspaper as well as billboard. Do
some more advertising and sponsor some program for the general public.
Page 67 of 72
Page 68 of 72
Trade in perishable items has always needed more attention and care .However, the
obstacles faced by the flower marketers is not insurmountable. Different government
organizations and private research firms have already done extensive research in
assessing our flower trade prospects. Optimism is in the air. Considering the vast,
untapped potential, it is time that the Bangladesh flowers made its success on the
international stage like other non-traditional items.
Appendices
Page 69 of 72
Questionnaire
[All information provided would be kept confidential. Thus, we seek your honest opinion]
Name:
Address:
TK20,000-40,000TK
Below TK 10,000
Above
TK.40,000
Name
Rojonigondha
Rose
Name
Beli
Gladiolus
Name
Mary Gold
Other
Family
members
Dealer
s
Prin
t
ads
Friends/Neighb
ors
Experienc
e
TV/Radio
Any other
source(s)
Very less
Less
Moderate
6. Do you prefer flower in decorating office?
Very less
Less
Much
Moderate
Much
Very Much
Very Much
Very less
Less
Moderate
Much
Very Much
Page 70 of 72
Very Bad
Bad
Moderate
Good
Good
Not
available
in the
market
Very
limited in
showroom
Comparati
vely
expensive
Perishabl
e
Other
s
Very Bad
Bad
Moderate
Good
Very Good
Bibliography
Reference
1. Export promotion Bureau (EPB) (2005), Cut Flowers from Bangladesh
Available at: www.epbd.com/exprod/flower.htm,Access on 18th march 2005.
2. ILO
(2005)
World
Cut
Flower
Industry:
Trends
and
Prospects
Availableat:www.ilo.org/public/English/dialouge/papers/ctflower/htm.Access on:
March 18, 2004.
3. Ahmed, Faruk (1995), Trading in Beauty, Weekend Independent. January 23,
Dhaka.
Page 71 of 72
Trade
and
Information
Services.
Inc.
(2004)
Available
at
Page 72 of 72