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    The Systems Development Environment

    Uploaded by

    Ahimbisibwe Baker
    The document outlines a course on information systems development. It covers topics like the systems development environment, the SDLC phases of planning, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance, as well as alternatives to the traditional waterfall approach like prototyping, RAD, and agile methodologies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Systems Development Environment

    Uploaded by

    Ahimbisibwe Baker
    212 views6 pages
    The document outlines a course on information systems development. It covers topics like the systems development environment, the SDLC phases of planning, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance, as well as alternatives to the traditional waterfall approach like prototyping, RAD, and agile methodologies.

    Original Description:

    Inntroduction to Information systems development.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    The document outlines a course on information systems development. It covers topics like the systems development environment, the SDLC phases of planning, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance, as well as alternatives to the traditional waterfall approach like prototyping, RAD, and agile methodologies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    212 views6 pages

    The Systems Development Environment

    Uploaded by

    Ahimbisibwe Baker
    The document outlines a course on information systems development. It covers topics like the systems development environment, the SDLC phases of planning, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance, as well as alternatives to the traditional waterfall approach like prototyping, RAD, and agile methodologies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Course outline

    Information Systems
    Development

    Foundations for systems development


    
    
    

    The systems development environment


    The origins of software
    Managing the information systems project

    Planning
    
    

    Identifying and selecting systems development projects


    Initiating and planning systems development projects

    Analysis

    Chapter 1
    The Systems Development
    Environment

    
    
    
    

    Design
    
    
    

    Dr. Annabella Habinka Ejiri


    annabinka@must.ac.ug
    annabinka@yahoo.co.uk
    +256772571444
    2005 by Prentice Hall

    
    

    1-3

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Introduction

    Designing databases
    Designing forms and reports
    Designing interfaces and dialogues
    Finalizing design specifications
    Designing distributed and internet systems

    Implementation and maintenance


    
    

    System implementation
    Maintaining information systems

    1-2

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Reading list
    Systems Analysis and Design, Donald Yeates (2004)
    Object Oriented Systems analysis and Design, Simon
    Bennett (1999)
    Systems analysis and design, Donald Yeates, Tony
    Wakefield (2004)
    Modern systems analysis and design, Jeffrey
    A.Hoffer, Joey F.George, Joseph S.Valacich (2008)
    Essentials of systems analysis and design , Jeffrey A
    Hoffer, Joey F.George, Joseph S Valacich (2009)
    Systems analysis and design methods, Jeffrey L
    Whitten, Lonnie D Bentley (2007)

    Determining systems requirements


    Structuring systems process requirements
    Structuring systems logical requirements
    Structuring systems data requirements

    Learning Objectives
     Define information systems analysis and design.
     Describe the different types of information systems.
     Describe the information Systems Development Life
    Cycle (SDLC).

     Explain Rapid Application Development (RAD),

    prototyping, Joint Application Development (JAD),


    and Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE).
     Describe agile methodologies and eXtreme
    programming.
     Explain Object Oriented Analysis and Design and the
    Rational Unified Process (RUP).
    1-4

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Roles of the systems analyst

    Information Systems Analysis and Design


    
    

    Complex organizational process whereby computer-based


    information systems are developed and maintained
    In System Analysis more emphasis is given to understanding
    the details of an existing system or a proposed one and then
    deciding whether the proposed system is desirable or not
    and whether the existing system needs improvements.
    Thus, system analysis is the process of investigating a
    system, identifying problems, and using the information to
    recommend improvements to the system.

    Study problems and needs of an organization


    Determine best approach to improving
    organization through use of:
    
    

    Application Software
    

    Computer software designed to support organizational


    functions or processes

    Help system users and managers define their


    requirements for new or enhanced systems

    Systems Analyst
    

    1-5

    People
    Methods
    Information technology

    Organizational role most responsible for analysis and design


    of information systems
    2005 by Prentice Hall

    1-6

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Skills of a Successful Systems


    Analyst

    Cont
    Assess options for system
    implementation
    
    
    
    

    Analytical
    

    In-house development
    Outsourced development
    Outsourced development and operation
    Commercial application

    
    

     Ability to see organizations and information

    systems as systems

    Technical

    For in-house projects, work on a team


    of analysts and developers
    1-7

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Understanding of organizations
    Problem-solving skills
    System thinking

    1-8

    Understanding of potential and limitations


    of technology
    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Cont

    Introduction (cont.)

    Managerial
    

    Ability to manage projects, resources, risk


    and change

    Interpersonal
    

    1-9

    Effective written and oral communication


    skills

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    A Modern Approach to Systems


    Analysis and Design
    1950s: focus on efficient automation of existing
    processes
    1960s: advent of 3GL, faster and more reliable
    computers
    1970s: system development becomes more like an
    engineering discipline
    1980s: major breakthrough with 4GL, CASE tools,
    object oriented methods
    1990s: focus on system integration, GUI applications,
    client/server platforms, Internet
    The new century: Web application development,
    wireless PDAs, component-based applications
    1-11

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    1-10

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Types of Information Systems


    and Systems Development
    Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
    
    

    Automate handling of data about business activities


    (transactions)
    Process orientation

    Management Information Systems (MIS)


    
    

    Converts raw data from transaction processing system into


    meaningful form
    Data orientation

    Decision Support Systems (DSS)


    
    
    
    

    1-12

    Designed to help decision makers


    Provides interactive environment for decision making
    Involves data warehouses, executive information systems (EIS)
    Database, model base, user dialogue
    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Developing Information
    Systems and the SDLC

    Types of Information Systems


    and Systems Development (cont.)

    System Development Methodology


    

    Standard process followed in an


    organization
    Consists of:
     Analysis
     Design
     Implementation
     Maintenance

    1-13

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Systems Development Life


    Cycle (SDLC)

    1-14

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Standard and Evolutionary Views


    of SDLC

    Traditional methodology for developing,


    maintaining, and replacing information
    systems
    Phases in SDLC:
    
    
    
    
    

    Planning
    Analysis
    Design
    Implementation
    Maintenance

    1-15

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    1-16

    SDLC Planning Phase


    Identify, analyze,
    prioritize, and
    arrange IS needs

    1-17

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    SDLC Analysis Phase


    Study and
    structure system
    requirements

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    1-18

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    SDLC Design Phase


    Logical design:
    functional features
    described
    independently of
    computer platform

    Convert
    recommended
    solution to system
    specifications

    SDLC Implementation Phase


    Code, test, install,
    and support the
    information system

    Physical design:
    logical
    specifications
    transformed to
    technologyspecific details

    1-19

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    1-20

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    1-22

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    SDLC Maintenance Phase


    Systematically
    repair and improve
    the information
    system

    1-21

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    The Heart of the Systems


    Development Process

    Traditional Waterfall SDLC

    One phase begins


    when another
    completes, little
    backtracking and
    looping

    1-23

    Current practice combines analysis, design, and implementation


    into a single iterative and parallel process of activities
    2005 by Prentice Hall

    1-24

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Problems with Waterfall


    Approach

    Alternatives to Traditional
    Waterfall SDLC

    System requirements locked in after


    being determined (can't change)
    Limited user involvement (only in
    requirements phase)
    Too much focus on milestone deadlines
    of SDLC phases to the detriment of
    sound development practices
    1-25

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Prototyping
    CASE tools
    Joint Application Design (JAD)
    Rapid Application Development (RAD)
    Agile Methodologies
    eXtreme Programming
    1-26

    Prototyping

    CASE Tools
    Computer-Aided Software Engineering
    Software tools providing automated
    support for systems development
    Project dictionary/workbook: system
    description and specifications
    Diagramming tools
    Example products: Oracle Designer,
    Rational Rose

    Iterative development process:


    Requirements quickly converted to a working system
    System is continually revised
    Close collaboration between users and analysts

    1-27

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Joint Application Design (JAD)


    Structured process involving users,
    analysts, and managers
    Several-day intensive workgroup
    sessions
    Purpose: to specify or review system
    requirements

    1-29

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    1-28

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Rapid Application Development


    (RAD)
    Methodology to decrease design and implementation time
    Involves: prototyping, JAD, CASE tools, and code
    generators

    1-30

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Agile Methodologies

    eXtreme Programming
    Short, incremental development cycles
    Automated tests
    Two-person programming teams
    Coding and testing operate together
    Advantages:

    Motivated by recognition of software


    development as fluid, unpredictable,
    and dynamic
    Three key principles
    
    
    

    Adaptive rather than predictive


    Emphasize people rather than roles
    Self-adaptive processes

    
    
    

    1-31

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Object-Oriented Analysis and


    Design

    1-32

    Communication between developers


    High level of productivity
    High-quality code
    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Rational Unified Process (RUP) involves an iterative,


    incremental approach to systems development

    Based on objects rather than data or


    processes
    Object: a structure encapsulating attributes
    and behaviors of a real-world entity
    Object class: a logical grouping of objects
    sharing the same attributes and behaviors
    Inheritance: hierarchical arrangement of
    classes enable subclasses to inherit
    properties of superclasses
    1-33

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    1-34

    2005 by Prentice Hall

    Summary
    In this chapter you learned how to:
     Define information systems analysis and design.
     Describe the different types of information
    systems.
     Describe the information Systems Development
    Life Cycle (SDLC).
     Explain Rapid Application Development (RAD),
    prototyping, Joint Application Development (JAD),
    and Computer Aided Software Engineering
    (CASE).
     Describe agile methodologies and eXtreme
    programming.
     Explain Object Oriented Analysis and Design and
    the Rational Unified Process (RUP).
    1-35

    2005 by Prentice Hall

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