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    Ib Music HL Revision

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    chanlego123
    This document provides an overview of genres, musical features, and key composers from different eras of classical music history: - The Baroque era saw the development of genres like concerto grosso, fugue, opera, oratorio, and suite. Musical features included regular rhythm, terraced dynamics, and polyphonic texture. Important composers included Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi. - The Classical era was characterized by sonata form, themes and variations, and dances like the minuet and trio. Music had varied rhythms, gradual dynamics, and homophonic textures. Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven were seminal composers. - The Romantic era featured art songs, program

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    Ib Music HL Revision

    Uploaded by

    chanlego123
    383 views5 pages
    This document provides an overview of genres, musical features, and key composers from different eras of classical music history: - The Baroque era saw the development of genres like concerto grosso, fugue, opera, oratorio, and suite. Musical features included regular rhythm, terraced dynamics, and polyphonic texture. Important composers included Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi. - The Classical era was characterized by sonata form, themes and variations, and dances like the minuet and trio. Music had varied rhythms, gradual dynamics, and homophonic textures. Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven were seminal composers. - The Romantic era featured art songs, program

    Original Description:

    From Kamien Music: An Appreciation

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    This document provides an overview of genres, musical features, and key composers from different eras of classical music history: - The Baroque era saw the development of genres like concerto grosso, fugue, opera, oratorio, and suite. Musical features included regular rhythm, terraced dynamics, and polyphonic texture. Important composers included Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi. - The Classical era was characterized by sonata form, themes and variations, and dances like the minuet and trio. Music had varied rhythms, gradual dynamics, and homophonic textures. Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven were seminal composers. - The Romantic era featured art songs, program

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    383 views5 pages

    Ib Music HL Revision

    Uploaded by

    chanlego123
    This document provides an overview of genres, musical features, and key composers from different eras of classical music history: - The Baroque era saw the development of genres like concerto grosso, fugue, opera, oratorio, and suite. Musical features included regular rhythm, terraced dynamics, and polyphonic texture. Important composers included Bach, Handel, and Vivaldi. - The Classical era was characterized by sonata form, themes and variations, and dances like the minuet and trio. Music had varied rhythms, gradual dynamics, and homophonic textures. Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven were seminal composers. - The Romantic era featured art songs, program

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    IB MUSIC HL REVISION

    Baroque

    Genres:
    Concerto Grosso
    composition for several
    instrumental soloists and small
    orchestra, common in late
    baroque music
    Ritornello Form
    compositional form usually
    employed in baroque concerto
    grosso, in which the tutti plays a
    ritornello (repeated section of
    music usually played by full
    orchestra), alternating one or
    more soloists playing new
    material
    Fugue polyphonic
    composition based on one main
    theme or subject; four principal
    ways:
    Inversion subject move
    upwards, inversion move
    downwards same distance
    Retrograde beginning
    with last note of subject
    and proceed backward to
    first
    Augmentation original
    time values lengthened
    Diminution shorten time
    values
    Opera drama that is sung to
    orchestral accompaniment,
    usually large-scale composition
    employing vocal soloists, chorus,
    orchestra, costumes, and
    scenery. Many types of opera:
    Aria solo voice with
    orchestral
    accompaniment
    Recitative a vocal line
    imitates rhythms and

    Musical Features:
    Rhythm regular,
    consistent, strong
    Dynamics terraced
    dynamics change
    suddenly rather than
    gradually
    Tone colour basso
    continuo
    Melody and
    harmony diatonic
    harmony; melody
    often complex and
    not easy to remember
    Texture
    predominantly
    polyphonic, imitation,
    bass line provides
    harmonic foundation
    of the music;
    ornamentation

    Composers:
    Johann
    Sebastian
    Bach
    Henry
    Purcell
    George
    Frideric
    Handel
    Claudio
    Monterverd
    i
    Arcangelo
    Corelli

    Classic
    al

    pitch fluctuations of
    speech
    Ensemble three or more
    singers involved
    Chorus makes
    comments on action
    Baroque Suite suites are
    dance-inspired movements,
    usually in two-part form AABB.
    Section A starts in tonic key,
    modulates to dominant key;
    Section B starts in dominant key,
    modulates back to tonic key
    Chorale hymn tune sung to a
    German religious text, easy to
    sing and remember, only one
    note to a syllable and move in
    steady rhythm
    Church Cantata cantata
    meant a piece sung, differ from
    sonata, which meant a piece
    played
    Oratorio large scale
    composition for chorus, vocal
    soloists, and orchestra; set to
    narrative text, but no acting,
    scenery or costumes. Most are
    based on biblical stories

    Genres:
    Sonata Form the form of a
    single movement; three main
    sections:
    Exposition themes are
    presented
    Development themes
    are treated in new ways
    Recapitulation themes
    return
    Coda concluding
    section, often follows
    recapitulation
    Themes and Variations form
    in which a basic musical idea is

    Musical Features:
    Rhythm numerous
    patterns to provide
    variety and contrast;
    change suddenly or
    gradually
    Dynamics change
    gradually or suddenly
    Tone colour wind and
    brass instruments
    provide contrasts of
    timbre
    Melody and harmony
    melodies are tuneful and
    easily remembered,

    Composers:
    Wolfgang
    Amadeus
    Mozart
    Ludwig van
    Beethoven
    Joseph
    Haydn

    Romant
    ic

    repeated over and over and is


    changed each time in melody,
    rhythm, harmony, dynamics, or
    tone colour
    Minuet and Trio compositional
    form derived from a dance;
    three parts: minuet (A), trio (B),
    minuet (A); often used in third
    movement of classical
    symphony
    Rondo compositional form
    featuring main theme (A) that
    returns several times in
    alternation with other themes,
    such as ABACA and ABACABA;
    often the form of last movement
    in classical symphony and
    sonata
    Classical Symphony an
    extended, ambitious
    composition lasting between 20
    to 45 minutes; sequence is:
    (1) vigorous, dramatic fast
    movement
    (2) lyrical slow movement
    (3) dance like movement
    (4) brilliant or heroic fast
    movement
    Classical Concerto threemovement work for instrumental
    soloists and orchestra; three
    movements: (1) fast, (2) slow,
    (3) fast
    Chamber Music designed for
    intimate setting of a room in a
    home or palace, rather than
    public concert hall; performed
    by small group of two to nine
    musicians; most important is
    string quartet
    Genres:
    The Art Song composition for
    solo voice and piano; setting of
    a poem, translating poems

    harmonies base on major


    or minor scales
    Texture predominantly
    homophonic; fluctuations
    occur to provide contrast

    Musical Features:
    Rhythm extremely
    diverse, tempo are
    flexible and may change

    Composers:
    Franz
    Shubert
    Frederic

    20th
    century

    mood and imagery into music


    Strophic form repeating
    same music for each
    stanza of the poem
    Through-composed form
    writing new music for
    each stanza
    Song cycle group of art
    songs unified by story line
    that runs through poems,
    or musical ideas linking
    the songs
    Program music instrumental
    music associated with a story,
    poem, idea, or scene
    Nationalism inclusion of folk
    songs, dances, legends, and
    other national material to
    associate with composers
    homeland

    Genre:
    Impressionism musical
    style which stresses tone
    colour, atmosphere, and
    fluidity, typical of Debussy
    Expressionism musical
    style stressing intense,
    subjective emotion and harsh
    dissonance, typical of
    German and Austrian music
    Neoclassicism musical
    style marked by emotional
    restraint, balance and clarity,
    inspired by forms and
    stylistic features of 18th
    century music
    Serialism composing that
    uses ordered group of
    musical elements to organize
    rhythm, dynamics, tone
    colour, as well as pitch,

    frequently
    Dynamics change
    suddenly or gradually,
    wide range
    Tone colour wide range
    of expressive tone
    colour; orchestra
    increased in size
    Melody and harmony
    long, complex, highly
    expressive; chromatic
    harmony; wider range of
    keys and frequent
    modulations
    Texture generally
    homophonic; piece may
    shift from one texture to
    another
    Form new forms and
    genres were developed;
    symphonies are longer
    than those of classical
    era
    Musical features:
    Tone colour more
    important element of
    music; noiselike and
    percussive sounds
    used more often; less
    emphasis on blended
    sound
    Melody and harmony
    no longer tied to
    chords, major or
    minor keys,
    unpredictable;
    consonance and
    dissonance
    abandoned; new
    chord structures and
    alternatives explored
    Rhythm most
    striking element,
    generate power, drive

    Chopin
    Peter
    Tchaikovsk
    Johannes
    Brahms
    Richard
    Wagner
    Gustav
    Mahler

    Composers:
    Claude
    Debussy
    Igor
    Stravinsky
    Arnold
    Schoenber
    g
    George
    Gershwin

    developed in mid-20th
    century

    and excitement;
    irregularity and
    unpredictability, rapid
    changing meters,
    polyrhythms, and
    ostinatos featured

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