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    Chapter 41. One Dimensional Quantum Mechanics Mechanics: Chapter Goal: To Understand

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    faizalexandaria
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in one-dimensional quantum mechanics. It introduces the Schrodinger equation and how to solve it for different potential energy functions. It discusses solving for the particle in a rigid box and how the energies become quantized. The correspondence principle is explained, as well as applications like finite potential wells, the quantum harmonic oscillator, and quantum tunneling. Solving the Schrodinger equation in different scenarios provides insights into microscopic quantum systems.

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    Chapter 41. One Dimensional Quantum Mechanics Mechanics: Chapter Goal: To Understand

    Uploaded by

    faizalexandaria
    164 views42 pages
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in one-dimensional quantum mechanics. It introduces the Schrodinger equation and how to solve it for different potential energy functions. It discusses solving for the particle in a rigid box and how the energies become quantized. The correspondence principle is explained, as well as applications like finite potential wells, the quantum harmonic oscillator, and quantum tunneling. Solving the Schrodinger equation in different scenarios provides insights into microscopic quantum systems.

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    jkm

    Original Title

    LectureChapters41v3-2kk

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    This document provides an overview of key concepts in one-dimensional quantum mechanics. It introduces the Schrodinger equation and how to solve it for different potential energy functions. It discusses solving for the particle in a rigid box and how the energies become quantized. The correspondence principle is explained, as well as applications like finite potential wells, the quantum harmonic oscillator, and quantum tunneling. Solving the Schrodinger equation in different scenarios provides insights into microscopic quantum systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    164 views42 pages

    Chapter 41. One Dimensional Quantum Mechanics Mechanics: Chapter Goal: To Understand

    Uploaded by

    faizalexandaria
    This document provides an overview of key concepts in one-dimensional quantum mechanics. It introduces the Schrodinger equation and how to solve it for different potential energy functions. It discusses solving for the particle in a rigid box and how the energies become quantized. The correspondence principle is explained, as well as applications like finite potential wells, the quantum harmonic oscillator, and quantum tunneling. Solving the Schrodinger equation in different scenarios provides insights into microscopic quantum systems.

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    You are on page 1of 42

    Chapter41.

    OneDimensionalQuantum
    Mechanics
    Quantumeffectsare
    important in nanostructures
    importantinnanostructures
    suchasthistinysignbuiltby
    scientistsatIBMsresearch
    laboratorybymovingxenon
    atomsaroundonametal
    surface.
    f
    ChapterGoal:Tounderstand
    and apply the essential ideas
    andapplytheessentialideas
    ofquantummechanics.

    Chapter41.OneDimensional
    Quantum Mechanics
    QuantumMechanics
    Topics:
    SchrdingersEquation:TheLawofPsi
    S h di
    E
    ti
    Th L
    fP i
    SolvingtheSchrdingerEquation
    AParticleinaRigidBox:EnergiesandWave
    Particle in a Rigid Box: Energies and Wave
    A
    Functions
    AParticleinaRigidBox:InterpretingtheSolution
    TheCorrespondencePrinciple
    FinitePotentialWells
    WaveFunctionShapes
    TheQuantumHarmonicOscillator
    More Quantum Models
    MoreQuantumModels
    QuantumMechanicalTunneling

    TheSchrdingerEquation
    Consideranatomicparticlewithmassmandmechanical
    energyEinanenvironmentcharacterizedbyapotential
    energyfunctionU(x).
    TheSchrdingerequationfortheparticleswavefunction
    is

    Conditionsthewavefunctionmustobeyare
    1. (x)and(x)arecontinuousfunctions.
    2. (x)=0ifxisinaregionwhereitisphysically
    impossiblefortheparticletobe.
    3 (x)0asx+andx.
    3.
    (x) 0 as x + and x
    4. (x)isanormalizedfunction.

    SolvingtheSchrdingerEquation
    Ifasecondorderdifferentialequationhastwo
    independentsolutions
    p
    1((x)and
    )
    2((x),thenageneral
    )
    g
    solutionoftheequationcanbewrittenas

    whereAandBareconstantswhosevaluesaredetermined
    bytheboundaryconditions.

    ThereisamoregeneralformoftheSchrodingerequationwhichincludes
    timedependenceandx,y,zcoordinates;
    Wewilllimitdiscussionto1Dsolutions
    MustknowU(x),thepotentialenergyfunctiontheparticleexperiencesasit
    moves.
    Objectiveistosolvefor(x)andthetotalenergyE=KE+Uoftheparticle.
    Inbound
    In
    boundstate
    stateproblemswheretheparticleistrapped(localizedinspace),
    problems where the particle is trapped (localized in space)
    theenergieswillbefoundtobequantizeduponsolvingtheSchrodinger
    equation.
    Inunboundstateswheretheparticleisnottrapped,theparticlewilltravel
    asatravelingwavewithanamplitudegivenby(x)

    E,KE,andPE

    E,KE,andPE

    TheSchrdingerEquationwithConstantpotential

    AParticleinaRigidBox

    AParticleinaRigidBox
    Consideraparticleofmassmconfinedinarigid,one
    dimensionalbox.Theboundariesoftheboxareatx =0
    andx =L.
    1. Theparticlecanmovefreelybetween0andLat
    constant speed and thus with constant kinetic
    constantspeedandthuswithconstantkinetic
    energy.
    2. Nomatterhowmuchkineticenergytheparticlehas,
    itsturningpointsareatx =0andx =L.
    3. Theregionsx <0andx >L areforbidden.Theparticle
    cannot leave the box
    cannotleavethebox.
    Apotentialenergyfunctionthatdescribestheparticlein
    thissituationis

    Zeropointenergy:evenatT=0K,a
    confinedparticlewillhaveanonzero
    energy of E1; it is moving
    energyofE1;itismoving

    TheCorrespondencePrinciple
    Whenwavelengthbecomessmallcomparedtothesizeofthebox(thatis,wheneither
    Lbecomeslargeorwhentheenergyoftheparticlebecomeslarge),theparticlemust
    behaveclassically.
    For particle in a box:
    Forparticleinabox:

    Classically:

    TheCorrespondencePrinciple
    Whenwavelengthbecomessmallcomparedtothesizeofthebox(thatis,wheneither
    Lbecomeslargeorwhentheenergyoftheparticlebecomeslarge),theparticlemust
    behaveclassically.
    For particle in a box:
    Forparticleinabox:

    Classically:

    FinitePotentialwell:
    1 Solve
    1.
    SolveSchrodinger
    Schrodingerssequationinthe
    equation in the
    threeregions(wealreadydidthis!)
    2. Connectthethreeregionsbyusingthe
    followingboundaryconditions:

    1. ThiswillgivequantizedksandEs
    2. Normalizewavefunction

    FinitePotentialwell:

    Finitenumberofboundstates,energyspacingsmallersincewavefunctionmorespreadout
    (likebiggerL),wavefunctionsextendintoclassicallyforbiddenregion

    Classicallyforbiddenregion
    Classicallyforbiddenregion penetrationdepth

    FinitePotentialwellexample
    FinitePotentialwellexample Quantumwelllasers

    FinitePotentialwellexample
    FinitePotentialwellexample 1Dmodelofnucleus

    Qualitativewavefunctionshapes
    ExponentialdecayifU>E,oscillatoryifE>Ui.e.positiveKE,KE~p
    p
    y
    ,
    y
    p
    ,
    p2 ~1/
    / 2,,
    Amplitude~1/v~1/Sqrt[KE](particlemovingslowermeansmorelikelytobeinthatplace)

    HarmonicOscillator
    1 Solve
    1.
    SolveSchrodinger
    Schrodingerssequationinthe
    equation in the
    threeregions(wealreadydidthis!)
    2. Connectthethreeregionsbyusingthe
    followingboundaryconditions:

    3. ThiswillgivequantizedksandEs
    g q
    4. Normalizewavefunction

    Molecularvibrations HarmonicOscillator
    Molecularvibrations
    E=totalenergyofthetwointeracting
    atoms,NOTofasingleparticle
    U=potentialenergybetweenthetwo
    atoms
    t
    ThepotentialU(x)isshownfortwo
    atoms.Thereexistanequilibrium
    separation.
    Atlowenergies,thisdiplookslikea
    parabola Harmonicoscillator
    parabola
    Harmonic oscillator
    solution.
    Allowed(total)vibrationalenergies:

    Particleinacapacitor

    Particleinacapacitor

    CovalentBond:H2+(singleelectron)

    CovalentBond:H2+(singleelectron)

    QuantumTunneling

    QuantumTunneling

    QuantumTunneling

    QuantumTunneling
    QuantumTunneling Resonanttunneling

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