Syllabus PH 5118 & 5218

PH 5118: Electronics and Relativity
Total number of hours: 45

All units include problems
Unit 1: Bipolar Junction Transistor and Field Effect Transistor
BJT- Construction and basic action, Configurations (CB, CE and CC).Definition of α, β and
their relations. Input, output and transfer characteristics of CE. Comparison between CB, CE,
CC mode Leakage current in transistors- CE mode, thermal runaway. Biasing methods –
base biasing and voltage divider biasing. DC load line, operating point (Q point).Transistor as
a switch. Transistor as an amplifier: CE and CC amplifier – working, gain and frequency
response - applications. (9 hours)
FET- Construction and working, Static Characteristics, Shockley’s equation. FET parameters.
Drain characteristic and transfer characteristic. FET amplifiers. Comparison between BJT and
FET. (4 hours)
Self Study- CB configuration – characteristics. Types of MOSFET – Enhancement and
Depletion MOSFET –construction and characteristics. (2 hours)
Unit 2: Operational Amplifiers, Oscillators & Digital Electronics
Operational Amplifier - characteristics of an ideal op-amp. CMRR, slew rate. Concept of

virtual ground. Inverting and non-inverting operational amplifiers - expression for gain.
Operational amplifier as adder, subtractor, integrator and differentiator.
(4 hours)
Oscillators - Concept of positive and negative feedback. Barkhausen criterion for an
oscillator. RC and LC oscillations. RC oscillator - Phase shift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator
LC oscillator - Hartley and Colpitt oscillators – Construction, working, expression for
frequency (no derivation).
(5 hours)
Digital Electronics - Logic gates - AND, OR and NOT - circuit symbols, Circuit using diodes
and transistors, truth tables. Boolean algebra, Boolean equations. De Morgan’s theorem.
NOR and NAND gates. NAND gate as Universal logic gate, Half and Full adder.
(4 hours)
Self-Study-Operational amplifier as comparator. NOR gate as Universal logic gate and

EXOR gate. ( 2 hours)
Unit 3: Relativity
Review of frames of reference-Inertial and non inertial frames. Galilean transformation
equation, principle of Galilean relativity. Michelson-Morley experiment-significance of null
result.
( 4 hours
) Postulates of special theory of relativity. Derivations of Lorentz transformation equations.
Applications: Length contraction and Time dilation. Simultaneity in relativity, velocity
transformation equations, Velocity addition theorem, Relativistic momentum, Mass-energy
relation and momentum-energy relation. (9
hours)
Self-Study- Twin paradox and life time of a µ meson. Annihilation of matter, pair production.
Space
-time continuum. (2 hours)
References:
1. Electronic Principles - Albert Melvino. David Bates, McGraw-Hill Education; 8 edition

(2015)
2. Electronic devices and circuits- Millman and Halkias (Mc Graw-Hill Pub.) (2015)
3. Digital electronics –Malvino and Leach, 7th edition, (Mc Graw-Hill pub)(2010)
4. OP AMP and linear integrated circuits-Gayakwad (Pearson Education) (2002)
5. Basic electronics – B.L.Theraja (S. Chand& Company Ltd) (1959)
6. Applied electronics- R.S.Sedha (S. Chand & Company Ltd-first edition 1990)
7. Principles of electronics –V.K. Mehta &Rohit Mehta (S. Chand & Company Ltd) (2014)
8. General Relativity – Griffith(Cambridge University Press)
9. Introduction to special Relativity – Robert Resnick( Wiley eastern Ltd) (2007)
10. Concepts of Modern physics – Arthur Beiser (Tata Mc Graw-Hill Pub) (2017)
11. Modern Physics - Jeremy Bernstein, Paul M. Fishbane and Stephen Gasiorowicz
(Pearson Education) (2000.)
List of Experiments: PH5P1
1. Transistor characteristics – CE mode

2. CE amplifier
3. CC amplifier
4. Michelson Interferometer
5. FET characteristics
6. FET amplifier
7. OP AMP –Inverting & Non-inverting amplifiers
8. Phase shift
oscillator 9.Transistor
as a switch
10. Wien bridge oscillator
11. Logic gates using diodes & IC
12. Half adder & full adder
PH5218: Quantum Mechanics, Atomic and Molecular Physics
Total number of hours: 45
All units include problems
Unit 1: Matter waves

Failure of classical mechanics and introduction to quantum mechanics (qualitative), de-
Broglie hypothesis, de-Broglie equation, different forms- both non- relativistic and relativistic
cases. Davisson and Germer experiment, G.P Thomson experiment, properties of de-Broglie
waves, phase velocity, concept of wave packet- group velocity, relation between phase
velocity and group velocity for non-relativistic particle. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle -
different forms.
(9
hours) Concept of wave function, conditions for an acceptable wave function of a de- Broglie
wave, probability density, Born’s interpretation of wave function, normalization condition,
operators – eigen value equation, eigen function, eigen value, expectation values and
commutation relations (between x, p, L, H, V& E operators).
(4
hours) Self study- Application of uncertainty principle-Wave concept applied to Bohr orbit,
Non existence of electron inside the nucleus, size of the Bohr atom.
(2 hours)
Unit 2: Schrodinger’s equation and its applications
Setting up of Schrodinger’s wave equation- both time dependent and time independent cases.
Particle in an infinite potential well in one dimension-expression for eigen energy and eigen
function, Extension to three dimension (no derivation) – degeneracy. Equation of continuity,
probability current density. Step potential in one dimension- Setting up of wave equation and
its solutions for both E>Vo and E<Vo cases, reflection and transmission coefficients for E>Vo
case (no derivations), barrier penetration and its transmission coefficient (qualitative).
(9 hours)
Harmonic oscillator - expression for energy, zero point energy and mention of wave forms.
Hydrogen atom- setting up of azimuthal, polar and radial equations and their significance
(qualitative) - quantum numbers, n, l, ml and ms.
(4 hours)
Self-study- Tunneling effects- alpha decay and tunnel diode (qualitative),
quantum dots.
(2 hours)
Unit 3: Atomic and Molecular Physics
Atomic Physics – Vector atom model – Spatial quantization, electron spin, quantum
numbers associated with the vector atom model, Spectral terms and spectral notations.
Coupling schemes - L-S coupling and J-J coupling. Pauli’s exclusion principle, Magnetic
dipole moment due to orbital motion of an electron, Magnetic dipole moment due to spin,
Stern-Gerlach experiment with theory, experimental study of Zeeman effect, Quantum theory
of normal Zeeman effect and anomalous Zeeman effect. Paschen back effect, Stark effect
(qualitative).
(8 hours)
Self-study- Review of Bohr and Sommerfeld’s model of
atom (1 hours)
Molecular Physics- Energy level diagram of a molecule, pure rotational motion – diatomic
molecule as a rigid rotator, expression for the rotational energy, rotational spectrum-
selection rule. Pure vibration of spectrum mention of vibrational
energy – selection rule, rotational – vibrational spectrum, selection rules. Raman effect-
quantum mechanical explanation and applications.
(5 hours)
Self study- Elastic and inelastic scattering of light, Rayleigh’s scattering - colour of the sky.
(1 hour)
References
1. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill (2008)

2. Quantum mechanics by Berkley series. 4th edition, Tata McGraw Hill (2017)
3. Qauntum mechanics by Schaum’s series Tata McGraw Hill (1998)
4. Quantum mechanics by Eugene Merzbacher, Wiley International (1998)
5. Quantum mechanics by Albert Messiah Vol-I Dover Publication (1999)
6. Introduction to quantum mechanics by David J Giffiths, 2nd edition, Pearson
Education (2005).
7. Quantum mechanics by Dr. Gupta, Dr. Kumar, Dr. H.V. Sharma and Dr. R.C.
Sharma, Jaiprakash Nath and Co (2009)
8. Modern quantum mechanics by J.J.Sakurai, 1stedition, Pearson Education (2002)
9. Wave mechanics by N.F.Mott and Sneddon, Dover publication (2000)
10. Modern Physics– Murugeshan, Kiruthiga Sivaprasath, S.Chand and Co. Ltd.
11. The Feynmann lectures, Vol-III (1965)
12. Introduction to Atomic spectra by H.E. White, McGraw Hill Company (1934)
13. Modern Physics – Richtmyer, Kennard and Cooper, Tata McGraw Hill (2000)
14. Molecular Spectra and molecular structure – Gerhard Herzberg,2nd edition, Krieger
publishing company (1992)
15. Optics – Ajoy Ghatak, McGraw Hill Company (2009)
16. Fundamentals of quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and solid state
physics by
S.P kuila, Books and Allied (P) Ltd( 2012)
17. Quantum mechanics by Aruldhas, 2nd edition, PHI learning Pvt Ltd ( 2013)
18. Fundamentals of Molecular spectroscopy- Colin N. Banwell and Elaine M. McCash,
4th edition, McGraw Hill Education(India) Pvt. Ltd (2016)
List of Experiments: PH5P2
1. Wave length of Laser by diffraction

2. Ionization potential of Xenon
3. Analysis of rotational spectrum of N2
4. Analysis of rotational- vibrational spectra of HBr
5. e/m by Thomson’s method using Helmholtz coils
6. e/m by Thomson’s method using bar magnets
7. Zeeman Effect-Zeeman shift and hence e/m
8. Planck’s constant using photocell
9. Rydberg’s constant using Hydrogen spectrum

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PH 5118: Electronics and Relativity

Total number of hours: 45

Unit 1: Bipolar Junction Transistor and Field Effect Transistor

Unit 2: Operational Amplifiers, Oscillators & Digital Electronics

Operational Amplifier - characteristics of an ideal op-amp. CMRR, slew rate. Concept of

Self-Study-Operational amplifier as comparator. NOR gate as Universal logic gate and

1. Electronic Principles - Albert Melvino. David Bates, McGraw-Hill Education; 8 edition

List of Experiments: PH5P1

1. Transistor characteristics – CE mode

Unit 1: Matter waves

Unit 3: Atomic and Molecular Physics

1. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill (2008)

List of Experiments: PH5P2

1. Wave length of Laser by diffraction

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