DETAI LED SYLLABI OF

B.Tec h DEGREE PROGRAMME I N

ELECTRONI CS AND COMMUNI CATI ON
ENGI NEERI NG

(Applicable from 2010 Admission onwards)





DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONI CS AND
COMMUNI CATI ON ENGI NEERI NG














NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT
26
MA 1001: MATHEMATICS I

L T P C
3 1 0 3

Module 1 (12 hours)
Preliminary Calculus : Partial differentiation, Total differential and total derivative, Exact differentials, Chain
rule, Change of variables, Minima and Maxima of functions of two or more variables. Infinite Series : Notion of
convergence and divergence of infinite series, Ratio test, Comparison test, Raabes test, Root test, Series of
positive and negative terms, Idea of absolute convergence, Taylors and Maclaurins series.


Module 2 (17 hours)
First order ordinary differential equations: Methods of solution, Existence and uniqueness of solution,
Orthogonal Trajectories, Applications of first order differential equations. Linear second order equations:
Homogeneous linear equations with constant coefficients, fundamental system of solutions, Existence and
uniqueness conditions, Wronskian, Non homogeneous equations, Methods of Solutions, Applications.


Module 3 (13 hours)
Fourier Analysis : Periodic functions - Fourier series, Functions of arbitrary period, Even and odd functions,
Half Range Expansions, Harmonic analysis, Complex Fourier Series, Fourier Integrals, Fourier Cosine and Sine
Transforms, Fourier Transforms.


Module 4 (14 hours)
Gamma functions and Beta functions, Definition and Properties. Laplace Transforms, Inverse Laplace
Transforms, shifting Theorem, Transforms of derivatives and integrals, Solution of differential Equations,
Differentiation and Integration of Transforms, Convolution, Unit step function, Second shifting Theorem, Laplace
Transform of Periodic functions.


Reference:

1. Kreyszig E, Advanced Engineering Mathematics 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons New York, (1999)
2. Piskunov, Differential and Integral Calculus, MIR Publishers, Moscow (1974).
3. Wylie C. R. & Barret L. C Advanced Engineering Mathematics 6th Edition, McGraw Hill, New York,
(1995).
4. Thomas G. B. Calculus and Analytic Geometry Addison Wesley, London (1998).




















28
MA 1002: MATHEMATICS II




Module 1 (14 hours)
Linear Algebra I: Systems of Linear Equations, Gauss elimination, Rank of a matrix, Linear independence,
Solutions of linear systems: existence, uniqueness, general form. Vector spaces, Subspaces, Basis and Dimension,
Inner product spaces, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization, Linear Transformations.
L T P C
3 1 0 3


Module 2 (14 hours)
Linear Algebra II: Eigen values and Eigen vectors of a matrix, Some applications of Eigen value problems,
Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, Quadratic forms, Complex matrices, Similarity of matrices, Basis of Eigen vectors
Diagonalization.


Module 3 (13 hours)
Vector Calculus I: Vector and Scalar functions and fields, Derivatives, Curves, Tangents, Arc length, Curvature,
Gradient of a Scalar Field, Directional derivative, Divergence of a vector field, Curl of a Vector field.


Module 4(15 hours)
Vector Calculus II: Line Integrals, Line Integrals independent of path, Double integrals, Surface integrals, Triple
Integrals, Verification and simple applications of Greens Theorem, Gauss Divergence Theorem and Stokes
Theorem.


Reference:

1. Kreyzig E, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8th Edn, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1999).
2. Wylie C. R & Barrret L. C, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 6th Edn, Mc Graw Hill, New York (1995).
3. Hoffman K & Kunze R, Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi (1971).
























29
PH 1001: PHYSICS

L T P C
3 0 0 3


Module 1 (6 hours)
Theory of Relativity: Frames of reference, Galilean Relativity, Michelson-Morley experiment, postulates of
Special Theory of Relativity, Lorentz transformations, simultaneity, length contraction, time dilation, velocity
addition, Doppler effect for light, relativistic mass and dynamics, mass energy relations, massless particles,
Description of General Theory of Relativity.

Module 2 10 hours)
Quantum Mechanics (Dual nature of matter, properties of matter waves, wave packets, uncertainty principle,
formulation of Schrdinger equation, physical meaning of wave function, expectation values, time-independent
Schrdinger equation, quantization of energy bound states, application of time-independent Schrdinger
equation to free particle, infinite well, finite well, barrier potential, tunneling, Simple Harmonic Oscillator, two-
dimensional square box, the scanning tunneling microscope.

Module 3 (12 hours)
Statistical Physics: Temperature, microstates of a system, equal probability hypothesis, Boltzman factor and
distribution, ideal gas, equipartition of energy, Maxwell speed distribution, average speed, RMS speed,
applications Lasers and Masers, Quantum distributions many particle systems, wave functions,
indistinguishable particles, Bosons and Fermions, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distribution, Bose-Einstein
condensation, Specific heat of a solid, free electron gas and other applications.

Module 4 (14 hours)
Applications to Solids : Band theory of solids, conductors, semi-conductors and insulators, metals Drude model
and conductivity, electron wave functions in crystal lattices, E-k diagrams, band gaps, effective mass,
semiconductors, Fermi energy, doping of semiconductor, conductivity and mobility of electrons, Hall effect,
Fundamentals of mesoscopic physics and nano technology: size effects, interference effect, quantum confinement
and Coulomb blockade. Quantum wells, wires, dots, nanotubes, semiconductor nano materials, Magnetism: dipole
moments, paramagnetism, Curies law, magnetization and hysterisis, Ferromagnetism and Anti-Ferromagnetism.


Reference:

1. J. R. Taylor, C.D. Zafiratos and M. A. Dubson, Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers, , 2nd Ed.,
Pearson (2007)
2. Arthur Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 6th Ed., Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication (2009)
3. Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, Quantum Physics of atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particle, ,
2nd Ed., John Wiley(2006)
4. B. G. Streetman, Solid state Devices, , 5th Ed., Pearson (2006)
















30
CY 1001: CHEMISTRY

L T P C
3 0 0 3


Pre-requisites: Nil

Module 1 (8 hours)
Chemical Bonding Quantum mechanical methods in chemical bonding: molecular orbital theory, symmetry of
molecular orbitals, MOs for homonuclear diatomic molecules, application of MO theory to heteronuclear
diatomics, valence bond theory, hybridization, hybridization involving d orbitals, conjugated molecules, Huckel
molecular orbital theory of conjugated systems, metallic bonding, band theory .

Module 2 (14 hours)
Spectroscopy : General features of spectroscopy, interaction of radiation with matter, theory and application of
rotational, vibrational, Raman, electronic, mass, NMR, fluorescence and photoelectron spectroscopy.

Module 3 (12 hours)
Transition Metal Chemistry: Bonding in transition metal complexes: coordination compounds, crystal field
theory, octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes, crystal field stabilization energies, Jahn-Teller
theorem, spectral and magnetic properties. Bio-Inorganic chemistry: Trace elements in biology, heme and non-
heme oxygen carriers, haemoglobin and myoglobin-cooperativity; Bohr effect, Hill coefficient, oxy and deoxy
haemoglobin, reversible binding of oxygen.

Module 4 (8 hours)
Aromaticity : Electron delocalization, resonance and aromaticity; molecular orbital description of aromaticity and
anti-aromaticity, annulenes; ring current, NMR as a tool, diamagnetic anisotropy; aromatic electrophilic
substitutions, aromatic nucleophilic substitutions, benzyne; reaction mechanisms, reactivity and orientation.

Reference:

1. J. E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter and R.L. Keiter, Inorganic Chemistry, Principles of Structure and Reactivity,
Harper Collins, New York 1997.
2. F. A. Cotton and G Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, WileyInterscience, New York,
1988.
3. J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Chapman & Hall, London, 1996.
4. W. L. Jolly, Modern Inorganic Chemistry, McGraw-Hill International, 2nd Edition, New York, 1991.
5. R. T. Morrison and R N Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Delhi,1999.
6. P. Bruice, Organic Chemistry, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall, New Delhi , 2001.
7. F. Carey, Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill Publishers, Boston, 2003.
8. J. Mc Murray, Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Brooks/ Cole Publishing Co, Monterey,2000.
9. C.N. Banwell and E. M. McCash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw- Hill, International,
UK, 1995.
10. William Kemp, Organic Spectroscopy, 3rd edition, Palgrave, New York, 2005.
11. R.M. Silverstein, F.X. Webster and D.J. Kiemle, Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, 7th
edition, John-Wiley and Sons, New York, 2005.
12. D. L. Pavia, GM. Lampman, GS. Kriz and J.R Vyvyan, I, Spectroscopy, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd,
New Delhi, 2007.
13. B. R.Puri, L. R. Sharma and M. S. Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Vishal Publishing CO. Delhi,
2008.
14. P.W. Atkins, Physical Chemistry, 6th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998.







31
MS 1001: PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION



L T P C
3 0 0 3
Module 1 (11 hours)
Verbal Communication: received pronunciation; how to activate passive vocabulary; technical/non-technical and
business presentations; questioning and answer skills; soft skills for professionals; role of body postures,
movements, gestures, facial expressions, dress in effective communication; Information/ Desk/ Front Office/
Telephone conversation; how to face an interview/press conference; Group discussions, debates, elocution.


Module 2 (9 hours)
Reading Comprehension: skimming and scanning; factual and inferential comprehension; prediction; guessing
meaning of words from context; word reference; use and interpretation of visuals and graphics in technical
writing.


Module 3 (11 hours)
Written Communication: note making and note taking; summarizing; invitation, advertisement, agenda, notice and
memos; official and commercial letters; job application; resume and curriculum vitae; utility, technical, project
and enquiry reports; paragraph writing: General Specific, Problem Solution, Process Description, Data
Comment.


Module 4 (11 hours)
Short essays: description and argument; comparison and contrast; illustration; using graphics in writing: tables and
charts, diagrams and flow charts, maps and plans, graphs; how to write research paper; skills of editing and
revising; skills of referencing; what is a bibliography and how to prepare it.


Reference:

1. Adrian Doff and Christopher Jones: Language in Use Upper intermediate, self study workbook and
classroom book. (Cambridge University Press)[2000]
2. Sarah Freeman: Written Communication (Orient Longman)[1978]
3. Mark Ibbotson: Cambridge English for Engineering (Cambridge University Press) November 2008
4. T Balasubramanian: English Phonetics for Indian Students: A Workbook(Macmillan publishers India) 2000
5. Chris Mounsey: Essays and Dissertation (Oxford University Press) February 2005.
6. Sidney Greenbaum: The Oxford English Grammar (Oxford University Press) March 2005
7. Krishna Mohan and Meera Banerji: Developing Communication Skills (Mac Millan india Ltd)[2000]
8. Krishna Mohan and Meenakshi Raman: Effective English Communication (Tata Mc- Graw Hill)[2000]















32
ZZ 1003: BASIC ELECTRICAL SCIENCES

L T P C
3 0 0 3



Module 1 (11 Hours)
Two Terminal Element Relationships: Inductance - Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction-Lenzs Law -
Self and Mutual Inductance-Inductances in Series and Parallel-Mutual Flux and Leakage Flux-Coefficient of
Coupling-Dot Convention-Cumulative and Differential Connection of Coupled Coils- Capacitance -
Electrostatics-Capacitance-Parallel Plate Capacitor-Capacitors in series and parallel- Energy Stored in
Electrostatic Fields-. v-i relationship for Inductance and Capacitance - v-i relationship for Independent Voltage
and Current Sources Magnetic Circuits: MMF, Magnetic Flux, Reluctance- Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field-
Solution of Magnetic Circuits. Analysis of Resistive Circuits: Solution of resistive circuits with independent
sources- Node Analysis and Mesh Analysis-Nodal Conductance Matrix and Mesh Resistance Matrix and
symmetry properties of these matrices-Source Transformation- Circuit Theorems - Superposition Theorem-
Thevenins Theorem and Nortons Theorem- Maximum Power Transfer Theorem


Module 2 (10 Hours)
Single Phase AC Circuits: Alternating Quantities- Average Value - Effective Value - Form and Peak factors for
square, triangle, trapezoidal and sinusoidal waveforms - Phasor representation of sinusoidal quantities - phase
difference -Addition and subtraction of sinusoids - Symbolic Representation: Cartesian, Polar and Exponential
forms- Analysis of a.c circuits R, RL, RC, RLC circuits using phasor concept - Concept of impedance,
admittance, conductance and susceptance Power in single phase circuits instantaneous power average power
active power reactive power apparent power power factor complex power Solution of series, parallel
and series-parallel a.c circuits.

Module 3 (14 hrs)
Introductory Analog Electronics: Semiconductor Diode: Principle, Characteristics - Applications: Rectifier
Circuits -Zener Diode, LED, Photo diode, IR diode Bipolar Junction Transistor: Principle, Operation,
Characteristics (CB, CE, CC) - Principle of working of CE, CB and CC amplifiers, quantitative relations for
midband operation, input and output resistance levels qualitative coverage on bandwidth cascading
considerations. Introductory Digital Electronics: Transistor as a switch switching delays, inverter operation
Digital Electronics : Number Systems and Conversions- Logic Gates and Truth Tables Boolean Algebra Basic
canonical realizations of combinatorial circuits. Standard Combinatorial Circuit SSI and MSI packages (Adder,
Code Converters, 7-Segment Drivers, Comparators, Priority Encoders etc) MUX-based and ROM-based
implementation of combinatorial circuits.

Module 4 (7 hours)
Measuring instruments: Basics of electronic/digital voltmeter, ammeter, multimeter, wattmeter and energy meter.
Measurement of Voltage, Current and Resistance. Introduction to Cathode Ray Oscilloscope - CRT, Block
diagram of CRO

Reference:

1. James W Nilsson and Susan A Riedel, Electric Circuits, Pearson, 8th Edn, 2002
2. Robert L Boylestead & L Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Pearson, 9
th
Edition, 2007
3. Morris Mano , Digital Design , PHI, 3rd Edition, 2005
4. Golding & Widdis, Electrical Measurements an Measuring Instruments;- Wheeler Publishers, 5th edition,
1999.
5. Rangan, Sarma and Mani, Instrumentation Devices and Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, 1997
6. A.K. Sawhney: A course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, Dhanpat Rai and
Co,16th Edition, 2006
7. Suresh Kumar K.S, Electric Circuits & Networks, Pearson Education, 2009
8. Adel S Zedra and Kennath C Smith, Microelectronics, Oxford University Press, 2004


33
ZZ 1001: ENGINEERING MECHANICS

L T P C
3 0 0 3

Part A--Statics

Module 1 (12 hours)
Fundamentals of mechanics: idealisations of mechanics, vector and scalar quantities, equality and equivalence of
vectors, laws of mechanics. Important vector quantities: Position vector, moment of a force about a point, moment
of a force about an axis, the couple and couple moment, couple moment as a free vector, moment of a
couple about a line. Equivalent force systems: Translation of a force to a parallel position, resultant of a force
system, simplest resultant of special force systems, distributed force systems. Equations of equilibrium: Free body
diagram, free bodies involving interior sections, general equations of equilibrium, problems of equilibrium, static
indeterminacy.


Module 2 (10 hours)
Applications of Equations Equilibrium: Trusses: solution of simple trusses, method of joints, method of sections;
Friction forces: laws of Coulomb friction, simple contact friction problems. Properties of surfaces: First moment,
centroid, second moments and the product of a plane area, transfer theorems, rotation of axes, polar moment of
area, principal axes, concept of second order tensor transformation.

Part BDynamics

Module 3 (10 hours)
Kinematics of a particle: Introduction, general notions, differentiation of a vector with respect to time, velocity
and acceleration calculations, rectangular components, velocity and acceleration in terms of cylindrical
coordinates, simple kinematical relations and applications. Particle dynamics: Introduction, rectangular
coordinates, rectilinear translation, Newtons law for rectangular coordinates, rectilinear translation, cylindrical
coordinates, Newtons law for cylindrical coordinates.

Module 4 (10 hours)
Energy and momentum methods for a particle: Analysis for a single particle, conservative force field,
conservation of mechanical energy, alternative form of work-energy equation, Linear momentum, impulse and
momentum relations, moment of momentum. Vibrations: Single degree of freedom systems, free vibration,
undamped and damped, forced vibration, sinusoidal loading, introduction to multi degree of freedom systems,
illustration using two degree-of-freedom systems.

Reference:

1. H. Shames, Engineering MechanicsStatics and Dynamics, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India,1996.
2. F.P. Beer and E.R. Johnston, Vector Mechanics for Engineers Statics, McGraw Hill Book Company 2000.
3. J.L. Meriam and L.G. Kraige, Engineering Mechanics Statics, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.














34
ZZ 1002: ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

L T P C
2 0 3 3

Module 1 (4Lecture+6drawing hours)
Introduction to Engineering Graphics Drawing instruments and their use Different types of lines - Lettering &
dimensioning Familiarization with current Indian Standard Code of Practice for Engineering Drawing. Scales,
Plain scales, Diagonal scales, Vernier scales. Introduction to orthographic projections- Horizontal, vertical and
profile planes First angle and third angle projections Projection of points in different coordinates Projections
of lines inclined to one of the reference planes


Module 2
Projections of lines inclined to both the planes True lengths of the lines and their angles of inclination with the
reference planes Traces of lines. (4Lecture+6 drawing hours)
Projection of plane lamina of geometric shapes inclined to one of the reference planes inclined to both the
planes, Traces of planes (2Lecture+3 drawing hours)
Projections on auxiliary planes (2 lecture +3 drawing hours)


Module 3 (4Lecture+6 drawing hours)
Projections of polyhedra and solids of revolution, projection of solids with axis parallel to one of the planes and
parallel or perpendicular to the other plane Projections with the axis inclined to one of the planes. Projections of
solids with axis inclined to both the planes Projections of spheres and combination of solids.

Module 4
Sections of solids by planes perpendicular to at least one of the reference planes True shapes of sections. (2
lectures, 3 drawing hours)
Developments, development of the lateral surface of regular solids like, prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones and
spheres, development of truncated solids (2 lectures +3 drawing hours)
Isometric projection Isometric scale Isometric views Isometric projection of prisms, pyramids, cylinders,
cones, spheres and solids made by combination of the above. (2 lectures +6 drawing hours)

Reference:

1. Bhatt N. D, Elementary Engineering Drawing, Charotar Publishing House, Anand, 2002
2. Narayana K L & Kannaiah P, Engineering Graphics, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1992
3. Luzadder W J, Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2001
4. Thomas E French & Charkes J V, Engineering Drawing & Graphing Technology, McGraw Hill Book Co,
New York, 1993
5. Venugopal K, Engineering Drawing & Graphics, New Age International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1994
















35
ZZ 1004: COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

L T P C
2 0 0 2


Module 1 (7 Hours)
Data Types, Operators and Expressions: Variables and constants - declarations - arithmetic, relational and
logical operators Assignment operator and expressions conditional expressions precedence and order of
evaluation.
Control Flow: Statements and blocks if-else, switch, while, for and do-while statements break and continue
statements, goto and labels.


Module 2 (7 Hours)
Functions and Program structure: Basics of functions, Parameter passing scope rules - recursion.


Module 3 (7 Hours)
Pointers and Arrays: Single and multidimensional arrays - Pointers and arrays address arithmetic - Passing
pointers to functions.

Module 4 (7 Hours)
Structures and Unions: Basics of structures, Structures and functions Arrays of Structures Pointers to
structures self referential structures Type definitions Unions. Input and Output: Standard input and output
Formatted output variable length argument list file access.

Reference:

1. B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie, The C Programming Language (2/e), Prentice Hall, 1988.
2. B.S. GottFried, Schaum's Outline of Programming with C(2/e), McGraw-Hill, 1996.
3. C. L. Tondo and S. E. Gimpel, The C Answer Book(2/e), Prentice Hall, 1988.
4. B. W. Kernighan, The Practice of Programming, Addison-Wesley, 1999.


























36
PH 1091: PHYSICS LAB

L T P C
0 0 2 1

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Magnetic Hysteresis loss - Using CRO
2. Band gap using four probe method
3. Hall effect- determination of carrier density, Hall coefficient and mobility
4. Solar cell characteristics
5. Double refraction measurement of principle refractive indices.
6. Measurement of N.A & Attenuation
7. Measurement of e/m of electron Thomsons experiment
8. Determination of Plancks constant
9. Measurement of electron charge Milliken oil drop experiment
10. Determination of Magnetic Field along the axis of the coil
11. Newtons rings
12. Laurents Half shade polarimeter determination of specific rotatory power
13. Study of P-N junction
14. Study of voltage-current characteristics of a Zener diode.
15. Laser measurement of angle of divergence & determination of l using grating
16. Measurement of Magnetic susceptibility- Quinckes Method / Gouys balance.
17. Mapping of magnetic field

NOTE: Any 8 experiments have to be done.

Reference:

1. Avadhanulu, Dani and Pokley,Experiments in Engineering physics, S. Chand & Company ltd (2002).
2. A.C. Melissinos, J. Napolitano, Experiments in Modern Physics, Academic Press (2003)
3. S.L. Gupta and V. Kumar, Practical physics, Pragathi Prakash (2005)


























37
CY 1094: CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

L T P C
0 0 2 1
Pre-requisites: Nil

Total Hours: 28

Potentiometric and conductometric titrations, complexometric and iodimetric estimations, polarimetry,
determination of pH, single step organic / inorganic preparations, colorimetry, determination of eutectic point.


Reference:

1. G.H Jeffery, J Bassett, J Mendham, R.C Denny, Vogels Text Book of Quantitative Chemical Analysis,
Longmann Scientific and Technical, John Wiley, New York.
2. J.B Yadav, Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, 2001.
3. A.I Vogel, A.R Tatchell, B.S Furnis, A.J Hannaford, P.W.G Smith, Vogels Text Book of Practical Organic
Chemistry, Longman and Scientific Technical, New York, 1989.







































38
CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP
(PART OF ZZ 1091: WORKSHOP PRACTICE I)


L T P C
0 0 3 2

Introduction to Construction Materials: Cement, sand, coarse aggregate, structural steel, brick, timber, concrete
methods of testing (3 hours)

Masonry: English bond Flemish bond wall junction one brick one and a half brick - Arch construction.
(6 hours)

Plumbing: Study of water supply and sanitary fittingswater supply pipe fitting tap connections - sanitary
fittings. (3 hours)

Surveying: Introduction to land surveying and linear measurements; Introduction to leveling. (9 hours)

There will be an evaluation in the last week which will be in the form of a written test.
Total duration of the work shop : 24 hours (37 = 21 hours (lab work) + 3 hours test).

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP (4 weeks)
(Part of ZZ 1091: WORKSHOP PRACTICE I)


L T P C
0 0 3 2


Four exercises from the following list of Exercises are to be carried out.
1. a. Familiarization of wiring tools, lighting and wiring accessories, various types of wiring systems.
b. Wiring of one lamp controlled by one switch.
2. a. Study of Electric shock phenomenon, precautions, preventions; Earthing
b. Wiring of one lamp controlled by two SPDT Switch and one 3 pin plug socket independently.
3. a. Familiarization of types of Fuse, MCB, ELCB etc.
b. Wiring of fluorescent lamp controlled by one switch from panel with ELCB & MCB.
4. a. Study of estimation and costing of wiring
b. Domestic appliance Wiring, Control and maintenance: Mixer machine, Electric Iron, fan motor, pump motor,
Battery etc.
5. a. Familiarization of electronic components colour code , multimeters.
b. Bread board assembling - Common emitter amplifier
6. a. Study of soldering components, solders, tools, heat sink.
b. Bread board assembling phase shift oscillator
7. a. Soldering practice - Common emitter amplifier
b. Soldering practice - Inverting amplifier circuit
8. a. Study of estimation and costing of soldering PCB: 3 phase connections
b. Domestic appliances Wiring PCB, control, Identification of fault: Electronic Ballast, fan regulator, inverter,
UPS etc.

Reference:

1. K B Raina & S K Bhattacharya: Electrical Design Estimating and costing, New Age International Publishers,
New Delhi, 2005
2. Uppal S. L., Electrical Wiring & Estimating, Khanna Publishers---5th edition, 2003
3. John H. Watt, Terrell Croft :American Electricians' Handbook: A Reference Book for the Practical Electrical
Man - McGraw-Hill, 2002
4. G. Randy Slone - Tab Electronics Guide to Understanding Electricity and Electronics, Mc- GrawHill, 2000
5. Jerry C Whitaker - The Resource Handbook of Electronics, CRC Press-2001

39
ZZ 1092: WORKSHOP PRACTICE II

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP (4 WEEKS)


L T P C
0 0 3 2
Four exercises from the following list of Exercises are to be carried out.

1. a. Familiarization of wiring tools, lighting and wiring accessories, various types of wiring systems.
b. Wiring of one lamp controlled by one switch.
2. a. Study of Electric shock phenomenon, precautions, preventions; Earthing
b. Wiring of one lamp controlled by two SPDT Switch and one 3 pin plug socket independently.
3. a. Familiarization of types of Fuse, MCB, ELCB etc.
b. Wiring of fluorescent lamp controlled by one switch from panel with ELCB & MCB.
4. a. Study of estimation and costing of wiring
b. Domestic appliance Wiring, Control and maintenance: Mixer machine, Electric Iron, fan motor, pump motor,
Battery etc.
5. a. Familiarization of electronic components colour code , multimeters.
b. Bread board assembling - Common emitter amplifier
6. a. Study of soldering components, solders, tools, heat sink.
b. Bread board assembling phase shift oscillator
7. a. Soldering practice - Common emitter amplifier
b. Soldering practice - Inverting amplifier circuit
8. a. Study of estimation and costing of soldering PCB: 3 phase connections
b. Domestic appliances Wiring PCB, control, Identification of fault: Electronic Ballast, fan regulator, inverter,
UPS etc.

Reference:

1. K B Raina & S K Bhattacharya: Electrical Design Estimating and costing, New Age International
Publishers, New Delhi, 2005
2. Uppal S. L., Electrical Wiring & Estimating, Khanna Publishers---5th edition, 2003
3. John H. Watt, Terrell Croft :American Electricians' Handbook: A Reference Book for the Practical
Electrical Man - McGraw-Hill, 2002
4. G. Randy Slone - Tab Electronics Guide to Understanding Electricity and Electronics, Mc- GrawHill,
2000
5. Jerry C Whitaker - The Resource Handbook of Electronics, CRC Press-2001

ZZ 1092: WORKSHOP PRACTICE II

L T P C
0 0 3 2

(Eight classes of 3 hour duration each)

The course is intended to expose the student to the manufacturing processes through hands on training in the
sections of Central Workshop. After the course, the student acquires the skill in using various tools, measuring
devices, and learns the properties of different materials at varying conditions.
1) Carpentry: Study of tools and joints plaining, chiseling, marking and sawing practice, one typical joint- Tee
halving/Mortise and Tenon/ Dovetail
2) Fitting: Study of tools- chipping, filing, cutting, drilling, tapping, about male and female joints, stepped joints-
one simple exercise of single V joint for welding exercise.
3) Welding: Study of arc and gas welding, accessories, joint preparation, Exercise of a single V joint
4) Smithy: Study of tools, forging of square or hexagonal prism/ chisel/bolt
5) Foundry: Study of tools, sand preparation, moulding practice.
6) Sheet Metal work: Study of tools, selection of different gauge sheets, types of joints, fabrication of a tray or a
funnel
7) Plumbing Practice: Study of tools, study of pipe fittings, pipe joints, cutting, and threading
8) Lathe Exercise: Study of the basic lathe operations, a simple step turning exercise.

40
Reference:
1) Chapman W.A.J., Workshop Technology. Parts 1 & 2, 4th Edition, Viva Books P. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002
2) Hajra Choudhury.Workshop Technology Vol 1 & 2, Media Promoters & Publishers P.Ltd, Bombay,
2004
3) Welding Handbook. Miami, American Welding Society, 2000
4) Metals Handbook. Vol 6, Welding, Brazing & Soldering. Metals Park, Ohio, American Society of
Metals, 1998
5) Serope Kalpakjian. Manufacturing Engineering & Technology. Pearson Steven R. Schmid Education
(Asia) Inc., Delhi, 2002.
6) Anderson J., Shop Theory. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2002
7) Olson D.W., Wood and Wood working. Prentice Hall India. 1992
8) Douglass J.H., Wood Working with Machines. McKnight &McKnight Pub. Co. Illinois, 1995
9) Tuplin W.A., Modern Engineering Workshop Practice Odhams Press, 1996
10) P.L. Jain. Principles of Foundry Technology. 4th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.
11) R.K.Singal, Mridul Singal, Rishi Sringal. Basic Mechanical Engineering. 2007











































41
EC 1001: INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING


L T P C
2 0 0 2

Module 1 (7 hours)
Basics of Electronics: Semiconductors, Band structure of Silicon, doping, PN junctions, MOSFET, simple inverter
configurations, large scale integration concepts.


Module 2 (7 hours)
Signal Processing basics: Filtering, sampling, simple analog and digital filter configurations.


Module 3(7 hours)
Communication basics: Signals and noise, ideas of AM and FM, PCM, noise immunity.


Module 4 (7 hours)
Basics of linear circuit design: Transfer function, speed and bandwidth, superposition of signals and noise,
signal-to-noise ratio.


Reference:

1. Millman & Halkias: Electronic Devices & Circuits, MGH, 2007
2. George Kennedy: Electronic Communication Systems, MGH, 1992
3. B P Lathi: Signal Processing & Linear Systems, Oxford University Press, 2000





























42
MA 2001: MATHEMATICS III

L T P C
3 1 0 3

Module 1: (11L + 4 T)
Probability distributions:- Random variables, Binomial distribution, Hyper- geometric distribution, Mean and
variance of a probability distribution, Chebyshevs theorem, Poisson distribution, Geometric distribution, Normal
Distribution, Uniform distribution, Gamma distribution, Beta distribution, Weibull distribution. Joint distribution
of two random variables.

Module 2: (11L + 3 T)
Sampling distributions and Inference concerning means:- Population and samples, The sampling distribution
of the mean ( known and unknown ), Sampling distribution of the variance, Maximum Likelihood Estimation,
Point estimation and interval estimation, point estimation and interval estimation of mean and variance, Tests of
hypothesis, Hypothesis concerning one mean, Inference concerning two means.

Module 3: (10 L + 3 T)
Inference concerning variances proportions:- Estimation of variances , Hypothesis concerning one variance,
Hypothesis concerning two variances , Estimation of proportions , Hypothesis concerning one proportion ,
Hypothesis concerning several proportions, Analysis of r x c tables, Chi square test for goodness of fit.

Module 4: (10 L + 4 T)
Regression Analysis:- Bi-variate Normal distribution- joint, marginal and conditional distributions. Curve fitting,
Method of least squares, Estimation of simple regression models and hypothesis concerning regression
coefficients, Correlation coefficient- estimation of correlation coefficient, hypothesis concerning correlation
coefficient. Estimation of curvilinear regression models,
Analysis of variance:- General principles, Completely randomized designs, Randomized block diagram, Latin
square designs, Analysis of covariance.


Reference:

1. Johnson, R. A., Miller and Freunds Probability and Statistics for Engineers, 6
th
edn., PHI, 2004.
2. Levin R. I. & Rubin D. S., Statistics for Management, 7
th
edn, PHI, New Delhi, 2000.
3. S.M. Ross, Introduction to Probability and statistics for Engineers, 3
rd
edn, Academic Press(Elsevier), Delhi
2005.

















43

EC 2011: NETWORK THEORY

L T P C
3 0 0 3
Module 1 (11 hours)
Review of Network Theorems: Thevenin's & Norton's theorem - Superposition theorem - Maximum power
transfer theorem Reciprocity Theorem - Millmans theorem.
Introduction to Network Topology: Definition of basic terms Incidence matrix Tie-sets - Cut-sets: Analysis
and formulation of network equations using tie-set and cut-set.
Transients in linear circuits: Initial Conditions - Zero state response - Zero input response - Complete Response
Analysis of RC and RL circuits with impressed DC voltage RC network as differentiator and integrator -
Compensated Attenuators DC transients in RLC circuits.
Module 2 (11 hours)
S-Domain Analysis of Circuits - Review of Laplace transform - Transformation of a circuit into S-domain -
Transformed equivalent of inductance, capacitance and mutual inductance - Impedance and admittance in the
transform domain - Node analysis and mesh analysis of the transformed circuit
Network functions - Impulse response and Transfer function - Poles and Zeros Restriction of pole and zero
locations of network functions - Steady state response and Frequency response from Laplace transform -
Frequency response by transform evaluation on j-axis - Frequency response from pole-zero plot by geometrical
interpretation. Bode plots.
Module 3 (11 hours)
Two port networks: Characterization in terms of impedance - Admittance - Hybrid and transmission parameters -
Inter relationships among parameter sets - Interconnection of two port networks - Series, parallel and cascade.
Symmetrical two port networks: T and Equivalent of a two port network - Image impedance - Characteristic
impedance and propagation constant of a symmetrical two port network.
Symmetrical Two Port Reactive Filters: Filter fundamentals - Pass and stop bands - Constant - k low pass filter -
Constant - k high pass filter-m-derived T and sections and their applications for infinite attenuation and filter
terminations - Band pass and band elimination filters.

Module 4 (9 hours)
Synthesis: Positive real functions - Driving point functions - Brune's positive real functions - Properties of positive
real functions.
Testing driving point functions - Application of maximum modulus theorems - Properties of Hurwitz polynomials
- Even and odd functions - Strum's theorem - Driving point synthesis - RC elementary synthesis operations - LC
network synthesis - Properties of RC network functions - Foster and Cauer forms of RC and RL networks.

Reference:

1. Van Valkenburg M E, Network Analysis 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall 1974.
2. Van Valkenberg M.E., Introduction to Modern Network Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 1960.
3. Franklin. F. Kuo, Network Analysis and Synthesis, II Ed, John Wiley & sons, 1999.
4. Hayt, Kimmerly, Engineering Circuit Analysis, 5
th
Ed., McGraw Hill, 1993.
5. Desoer C.A. & Kuh E.S., Basic Circuit Theory, McGraw-Hill, 1985.
6. Ryder J.D., Networks, Lines and Fields, Prentice Hall, 2
nd
Ed., 1991.
7. B. P. Lathi, Linear Systema and Signals, Oxford University Press, 2
nd
Ed., 2006.
8. Roy Choudhary, Network and Systems, Wiley Eastern, 2
nd
Ed., 1988.





44
EC 2012: LOGIC DESIGN

L T P C
4 0 0 4
Module 1 (14 hours)
Review of number systems and Boolean algebra - Simplification of functions using Karnaugh map and Quine
McCluskey methods - Boolean function implementation. . Variable Entered Mapping: VEM plotting theory
VEM Reading theory Minimization and combinational design.

Examples of combinational digital circuits: Arithmetic Circuits, Comparators and parity generators, multiplexers
and demultiplexers, decoders and encoders. Combinational circuit design using Multiplexers, Demultiplexers,
ROM, PAL, PLA.

Module 2 (14 hours)
Introduction to Sequential circuits: Latches and flip-flops (RS, JK, D, T and Master Slave) - Design of a clocked
flip-flop Flip-flop conversion - Practical clocking aspects concerning flip-flops.
Counters: Design of single mode counters and multimode counters Ripple Counters Synchronous counters -
Shift registers Shift Register counters Random Sequence Generators.

Module 3 (14 hours)
Design and analysis of sequential circuits: General model of sequential networks - State diagrams Analysis and
design of Synchronous sequential Finite Sate Machine State reduction Minimization and design of the next
state decoder. Asynchronous sequential logic: Analysis and Design Race conditions and Cycles Hazards in
combinational circuits Hazard free realization.
Practical design aspects: Timing and triggering considerations in the design of synchronous circuits Set up time
- Hold time Clock skew.

Module 4 (14 hours)
Logic families - Fundamentals of RTL, DTL and ECL gates - TTL logic family - TTL transfer characteristics -
TTL input and output characteristics - Tristate logic Wired logic and bus oriented structure Practical aspects -
Schottky and other TTL gates - MOS gates - MOS inverter - CMOS inverter - Rise and fall time in MOS and
CMOS gates - Speed power product - Interfacing BJT and CMOS gates


Reference:

1. Roth C.H., Fundamentals of Logic Design, Jaico Publishers. V Ed., 2009
2. Taub & Schilling: Digital Integrated Electronics, MGH,1998.
3. W. I. Fletcher, An Engineering Approach to Digital Design, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1980
4. Tocci, R. J. and Widner, N. S., Digital Systems - Principles and Applications, Prentice Hall, 10th Ed., 2007
5. Wakerly J F, Digital Design: Principles and Practices, Prentice-Hall, 2nd Ed., 2002
6. Mano M. M., Computer System Architecture, Prentice Hall 1993.
7. Katz R, Contemporary Logic Design, Addison Wesley, 1993.
8. Lewin D. & Protheroe D., Design of Logic Systems, Chapman & Hall, University and Professional Division,
1992, II Ed.
9. T. L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, Prentice Hall, June 2005.











45
EC 2013: SOLID STATE DEVICES

L T P C
4 0 0 4


Module 1 (19 hours)
Band theory of solids: Review of quantum mechanics, wave nature of election, time independent Schrdinger
Equation, solutions for a free electron, electron tapped in finite potential well, Heisenbergs uncertainty principle,
tunneling phenomenon, KP Model, Band theory of solids, E-k diagram, Electron effective mass, energy band gap-
Direct and indirect band gap semiconductors. [9 hours]

Carrier Statistics: Charge carriers in semiconductors, Fermi Dirac statistics, intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors, carrier transport, mobility, conductivity, carrier life time, recombination, steady state carrier
generation, quasi Fermi levels, drift and diffusion of carriers, continuity equation [10 hours]

Module 2 (10 hours)
PN Junction: PN junction at equilibrium, Forward and reverse bias junctions, steady state conditions, forward and
reverse bias, break down of junctions, transient and AC conditions, non ideal junctions
MS contacts: Rectifying and ohmic contacts, current voltage characteristics

Module 3 (12 hours)
Bipolar junction transistor: Fundamentals of BJT operation- saturation, active and cut off characteristics,
switching characteristics, minority carrier profiles, BJT models, Frequency limitations of BJTs.

Module 4 (15 hours)
Field Effect Transistors: The Junction FET - Pinch-off and Saturation- Gate control- transfer and drain
characteristics. [3hours]
Metal Insulator semiconductor devices: The ideal MOS capacitor, band diagrams at equilibrium, accumulation,
depletion and inversion, surface potential, CV characteristics, effects of real surfaces, work function difference,
interface charge, threshold voltage, MOSFET, Output characteristics, transfer characteristics, sub threshold
characteristics, MOSFET scaling [12 hours]


Reference:

1. Ben G Streetman , Solid state devices, 5e, 2002, Pearson Education
2. Donald A Neaman, Semiconductor physics and devices, McGraw Hill, 2003
3. Sheng S. Li, Semiconductor physical electronics, Plenum press, 1993
4. S.M.Sze, Physics of semiconductor devices, McGraw Hill, 2nd ed., 1999,
5. M. S. Tyagi, Introduction to Semiconductor Materials and Devices, John Wiley and Sons, 2004.
6. Jean-Pierre Colinge, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, access online
at (NITC intranet) http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-4020-7018-1/
7. Richard S. Muller and Theodore I. Kamins, Device Electronics for Integrated circuits, John Wiley India,
2003.
8. Robert F. Pierret and Gerold W. Neudeck, Modular Series on Solid State Devices: Volume I:
Semiconductor Fundamentals, Prentice Hall, 1988.
9. Gerold W. Neudeck, George W. Neudeck, Modular Series on Solid State Devices: Volume II: The PN
Junction Diode, Prentice Hall, 1989.
10. Gerold W. Neudeck, George W. Neudeck, Modular Series on Solid State Devices: Volume III: The Bipolar
Junction Transistor, Prentice Hall, 1989.
11. Robert F. Pierret and Gerold W. Neudeck, Modular Series on Solid State Devices: Volume IV: Field Effect
Devices, Prentice Hall, 1990
12. R. F. Pierret, Modular Series on Solid State Devices: Volume VI: Advanced Semiconductor Fundamentals,
Prentice Hall, 2003.




46
EC 2014: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS


L T P C
3 0 0 3


Module 1 (11 hours)
Elements of signal theory: Signals as functions- Signal taxonomy- basic operations on signals- Some signal
models - impulse function, step functions and other singularity functions.
Systems : Time-domain representation and analysis of LTI and LSI systems Convolution -Convolution sum,
convolution integral and their evaluation - Causality and stability considerations.

Module 2 (12 hours)
Signal analysis: Signals and vectors inner product of signals norm- notion of length of signal and distance
between signals orthogonal signal space Fourier series representation - Fourier Transform and integral
Fourier Transform theorems power spectral density and energy spectral density Hilbert Transform In-phase
and quadrature representation of bandpass signals
Frequency domain analysis of LTI systems: Frequency response Function signal transmission through a linear
system ideal filters band width and rise time

Module 3 ( 8 hours)
Sampling: sampling theorem sampling with Zero Order Hold and reconstruction interpolation
Frequency analysis of discrete time signals and systems Discrete time Fourier series and Discrete time Fourier
Transform Frequency response function Discrete Fourier Transform.

Module 4 (11 hours)
Laplace transform: Region of convergence Analysis of continuous time systems Transfer function
Frequency response from pole zero plot
Z-transform: Region of convergence Properties of ROC and Z transform - Analysis of LSI systems - Transfer
function- Frequency response from pole zero plot


Reference:

1. B. P. Lathi, Linear Systems and Signals, Oxford University Press, 2004.
2. Oppenheim A.V., Willsky A.S. & Nawab S.H., Signals and Systems, Second edition , Tata McGraw Hill,
1996
3. Haykin S. & Veen B.V., Signals & Systems, John Wiley,1999
4. Taylor F.H., Principles of Signals & Systems, McGraw Hill, 1994
5. Lathi B.P., Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems, Third edition, Oxford
University Press, 2001
6. R.F. Ziemer, W.H. Tranter and D.R. Fannin, Signals and Systems - Continuous and Discrete, 4th Edn.
Prentice Hall, 1998
7. Douglas K. Lindner, "Introduction to Signals and Systems", Mc-Graw Hill International Edition,1999.
8. Robert A. Gabel, Richard A. Roberts, "Signals and Linear Systems", John Wiley and Sons (SEA) Private
Limited, 1995.
9. M. J. Roberts, "Signals and Systems - Analysis using Transform methods and MATLAB", Tata Mc Graw Hill
Edition, 2003










47
EC 2018: BASIC ELECTRONICS LAB


L T P C
0 0 3 2


1. Familiarization of CRO, Function Generators, Power Supplies and multi-meters
2. Diode characteristics: silicon, germanium and zener diodes
3. BJT characteristics; CB & CE; Calculation of h-parameters
4. JFET characteristics; Calculation of FET parameters
5. Uni-junction Transistor characteristics and relaxation oscillator
6. Design of filter circuits- passive filters- Low pass, high pass and band pass filters.
7. Rectifiers- Half wave , Full wave & Bridge rectifiers
8. Resonance circuits - Series and Parallel resonance.
9. Voltage regulators- Zener regulator - Series Voltage Regulator.


Reference:

1. Ben G Streetman , Solid state devices, 5e, 2002, Pearson Education
2. Donald A Neaman, Semiconductor physics and devices, McGraw Hill, 2003
3. Millman & Halkias : `Integrated Electronics, MGH. 1996






















48
EC 2019: ELECTRONICS WORKSHOP




L T P C
0 0 3 2
1. Familiarisation and Testing methods of Active and Passive components.
2. Voltage Multiplier circuits.
3. Zener Voltage regulators.(Variable and Fixed types)
4. Linear Voltage regulators.(Variable and Fixed types)
5. Single stage Amplifier and troubleshooting methods.
6. Multivibrators using Transistors and ICs.
7. Waveform generators using OP Amps.
8. Flip flops and oscillators using logic gates.
9. Soldering and troubleshooting of working circuits.
10. Mini project. (PCB fabrication and circuit development )
11. Assignment. (Project circuit simulation- using simulation tools)


Reference:

1. Millman & Halkias : `Integrated Electronics, MGH. 1996
2. Robert Boylestad & Louis Nashelsky : `Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory, PHI.1995
3. Sergio Franco, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill Book
Company 1998
4. Jacob Millman & Herbert Taub: Pulse, Digital & Switching Waveforms, TMGH 1995






















49
MA 2002: MATHEMATICS IV




Module 1 : (11L + 4T)
Series Solutions and Special Functions : Power series solutions of differential equations, Theory of power series
method, Legendre Equation, Legendre Polynomials, Frobenius Method, Bessels Equation, Bessel functions,
Bessel functions of the second kind, Sturm- Liouvilles Problems, Orthogonal eigenfunction expansions.

Module 2: (12L + 4T)
Partial differential Equations : Basic Concepts, Cauchys problem for first order equations, Linear Equations of
the first order, Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations of the first order, Charpits Method, Special Types of
first order equations, Classification of second order partial differential equations, Modeling: Vibrating String,
Wave equation, Separation of variables, Use of Fourier Series, DAlemberts Solution of the wave equation, Heat
equation: Solution by Fourier series, Heat equation: solution by Fourier Integrals and transforms, Laplace
equation, Solution of a Partial Differential Equations by Laplace transforms.

Module 3: (10L + 3T)
Complex Numbers and Functions: Complex functions, Derivative , Analytic function, Cauchy- Reimann
equations, Laplaces equation, Geometry of Analytic functions: Conformal mapping, Linear fractional
Transformations, Schwarz - Christoffel transformation, Transformation by other functions.

Module 4: (9L + 3T)
Complex Integration : Line integral in the Complex plane, Cauchys Integral Theorem, Cauchys Integral
formula, Derivatives of analytic functions.Power series, Functions given by power series, Taylor series and
Maclaurins series. Laurents series, Singularities and Zeros, Residue integration method, Evaluation of real
Integrals.

Reference:

L T P C
3 1 0 3
1. Kreyszig E, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 8
th
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1999 .
2. I.N. Sneddon, Elements of Partial Differential Equations, Dover Publications,2006.
3. Wylie C. R. & Barret L. C., Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 6
th
Edition, Mc Graw Hill, New York,1995.
4. Donald W. Trim, Applied Partial Differential Equations, PWS KENT publishing company, 1994.
















50
EC 2021: ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I




Module 1 (16 hours)
Basic BJT amplifiers: Biasing schemes - Load line concept - Bias stabilty - Analyses and design of CC, CE and
CB configurations - RC coupled and transformer coupled multistage amplifiers Thermal runaway in BJT
amplifiers
FET amplifiers: Biasing of JFET and MOSFET - Analyses and design of common source, common drain and
common gate amplifier configurations Thermal runaway in MOS amplifiers
Power amplifiers - Class A, B, AB, C, D & S power amplifiers - Harmonic distortion Conversion efficiency and
relative performance

Module 2 (12 hours)
Frequency response of amplifiers Low frequency response of BJT and FET amplifiers, lower cut off frequency -
hybrid equivalent circuit of BJT - high frequency response of BJT amplifiers upper cut off frequency
transition frequency - miller effect , high frequency response of FET amplifiers.

Wide band amplifiers - Wide banding techniques CCCE /CD-CS cascade, cascode amplifier, Darlington pair
Wide banding using inductors.

Module 3 (14 hours)
Feedback and stability Introduction to negative feedback Basic feedback concepts Ideal feedback topologies
- Voltage shunt, Voltage series, Current series and Current shunt feedback configurations Loop gain Stability
of feedback circuit Bode plots Nyquist stability criterion Phase and gain margins Oscillators Basic
principles of oscillators Analysis of RC Phase Shift, Wein bridge, Colpitts, Hartley and Crystal oscillators

Module 4 (14 hours)
Switching characteristics of a BJT - BJT switches with inductive and capacitive loads - Non saturating switches -
Astable, monostable and bistable multivibrators using BJT and negative resistance devices - Voltage and current
time base generators - Miller & bootstrap configurations

Reference:

L T P C
4 0 0 4
1. A S Sedra & K C Smith : `Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press.1998
2. Jacob Millman & Herbert Taub: Pulse, Digital & Switching Waveforms, TMGH 1995
3. Donald A. Neamen, Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition, MCGraw Hill 2003
4. Millman & Halkias : `Integrated Electronics, MGH. 1996
5. D L Schilling & C Belove : `Electronic Circuits, Third Ed; MGH. 2002
6. Robert Boylestad & Louis Nashelsky : `Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory, PHI.1995
7. William H Hayt Jr : `Electronic Circuit Analysis & Design.1994
8. Theodore F Bogart : `Electronic Devices & Circuits.2003
9. Mark N Horenstein : `Microelectronic Circuits & Devices, PHI.2002
10. Millman & Grabel : Microelectronics : MGH 1989
11. Richard C. Jaeger : Microelectronic circuit design, MGH 2007












51
EC 2022: ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY



Module 1 (15 hours)
Review of Vector Calculus: Orthogonal coordinate systems, Coordinate transformation, Gradient of scalar fields,
Divergence and Curl of vector fields.
Electrostatics: Coulombs law, electric field, flux and Gausss law, curl and divergence of electrostatic fields,
electric potential, Poissons equation, Laplaces equation, solutions to electrostatic boundary problems, method of
images, work and energy in electrostatics, induced dipoles and polarization, field inside a dielectric, electric
displacement, electric susceptibility, permittivity and dielectric constant, boundary conditions, capacitors, surface
charge and induced charge on conductors.

Module 2 (12 hours)
Magnetostatics: Lorentz force, Biot-Savart law, magnetic flux density, divergence and curl of flux density,
Amperes law, magnetic vector potential, magnetization, torque and force on magnetic dipoles, magnetic field
inside matter, magnetic field intensity, magnetic susceptibility and permeability, magnetic materials, boundary
conditions

Module 3 (16 hours)
Electrodynamics: Electromagnetic induction, inductance, continuity equation, displacement current, Maxwells
equations, boundary conditions, Poyntings theorem, energy and momentum in electromagnetic field.
Electromagnetic Waves: EM waves in vacuum and in matter, monochromatic plane waves, group velocity, wave
polarization, Lorentz gauge, retarded potentials,

Module 4 (13 hours)
Refection and transmission at interfaces: Normal and Oblique incidence of uniform plane electromagnetic waves
at conducting boundary, dielectric boundary
Transmission lines: Quasi-TEM analysis, characteristic impedance, standing wave ratio, impedance matching
techniques, Smith Chart

Reference :
L T P C
4 0 0 4
1. David J Griffiths: Introduction to Electrodynamics, Third edition, PHI,1999
2. David Cheng: Field and Wave Electromagnetics, Second edition, Pearson Education Asia, 2001
3. Nannapaneni Narayana Rao: Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, Fifth edition, Prentice Hall, 1999
4. Matthew N. O. Sadiku: Elements of Electromagnetics, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2006
5. J D Krauss: Electromagnetics, Fourth edition, MGH, 1992

















52
EC 2023: MICROPROCESSORS AND MICRO CONTROLLERS




Module 1 (5 hours)
Introduction: History of microprocessors Basics of computer architecture-Computer languages CISC and RISC-
Review of binary arithmetic


Module 2 (15hours)
Intel 8086 processor: The architecture of 8086 use of MASM - Programming concepts- Programming using
instructions for data transfer ,arithmetic, logical and shift and rotate operations String manipulations
Procedures-Macros-ASCII operations-high level language constructs I/O instructionsModular programming

Module 3 (12 hours)
Hardware and Interfacing: The pin configuration, clock and power on reset of 8086-minimum and maximum
modes. Interfacing chips- PPI 8255 -Timer8253/54 Keyboard Display Interface 8279-DMA Controller 8237-
Programmable Interrupt Controller 8259

Module 4 (10 hours)
Intel 8051 microcontroller : architecture ports, timers, interrupts, serial data transmission instruction set -
programming


Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Lyla B.Das, The x86 Microprocessors , Pearson Education, 2010
2. Muhammed Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi ,Rolin D Mc Kinlay ,The 8051 Microcontroller and
Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C , Second Edition ,2008 , Pearson Education



















53
EC 2024: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMUNICATION



Module 1 (14 Hours)
Fundamental of communication systems, signals and information, system block Diagram, performance metrics
and data rate limits.
Review of Fourier series and Transforms Energy/Power Spectral Density.
Random variables: Discrete and continuous random variables - Probability distribution functions Expectation
Higher order moments -moment generating function; characteristic functions.
Random vectors: Joint probability distribution functions, joint probability densities, conditional probability
distributions functions, conditional probability densities, Correlation and covariance - independence and un-
correlation
Transformations of random variables: scalar valued function of one random variable, functions of several random
variables- Fundamental Theorem of expectation.

Module 2 (14 Hours)
Random processes: Introduction and specification, nth order joint distribution, mean and auto-correlation
function, auto-covariance function, Cross-correlation and cross-covariance function
Stationary processes: Strict-sense stationarity, wide-sense stationarity (WSS), cyclo stationarity - auto-correlation
function, cross-correlation function, and power spectral density of a WSS random process - Wiener-Khinchine
theorem, low-pass and band-pass processes, power and banwidth calculations.
Time averaging and ergodicity: Time averages - interpretation, mean and variance; ergodicity: general definition,
ergodicity of the mean, ergodicity of the auto-correlation function.
Random processes as inputs to linear time invariant systems: Gaussian processes as inputs to LTI systems, white
Gaussian noise.

Module 3 (14 Hours)
Introduction to carrier modulation - Amplitude modulation, AM spectrum, power relations, double sideband
suppressed carrier (DSBSC) and single sideband modulation (SSB) schemes, DSBSC/SSBSC spectrum, Vestigial
sideband modulation and spectrum.
Generation of AM signals, modulators and transmitters, product modulators, square-law modulators and balanced
modulators - Frequency translation and frequency division multiplexing, Propagation characteristics of AM
signals.
Frequency modulation (FM), Narrowband FM, Wideband FM, FM spectrum, Transmission bandwidth,
Generation of FM signals- direct and indirect methods- Phase modulation-relationship between FM and PM
signals.

Module 4 (14 Hours)
Radio Receivers - TRF and super-heterodyne receivers- Image frequency, Intermediate frequency (IF)- Automatic
gain control.
AM demodulation - coherent detection, envelope (non-coherent) detection of AM signals, DSB-SC and SSB
demodulation.
FM demodulation - Basic FM demodulators, Amplitude limiting, ratio detector, PLL based FM detection, Pre-
emphasis and de-emphasis.
Performance of analog modulation schemes in the presence of channel noise: Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
performance of baseband systems SNR performance of AM systems, Noise in angle modulated systems - SNR
performance- threshold effects in angle modulated systems.

Reference:

L T P C
4 0 0 4
1. H. Stark, J. W. Woods, Probability and Random Processes with Applications to Signal Processing, Prentice-
Hall, 2003.
2. Peyton Z. Peebles Jr., Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles, 4/e, Tata McGraw-Hill,
New Delhi, 2002.
3. R.E. Ziemer and W.H. Tranter, Principles of Communications, JAICO Publishing House, 2001
4. B.P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication, 3/e, Oxford University Press, 1998.
5. John G Proakis and M. Salehi, Communication System Engineering, 2/e, Pearson Education, 2001.
54
EC 2028: ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY I


L T P C
0 0 3 2
1. BJT and JFET Biasing schemes and Bias Stability comparison
2. Emitter follower frequency and phase response
3. Single stage BJT amplifier Frequency Response
4. Single stage JFET amplifier Frequency Response
5. Power amplifier Class A and Class AB
6. Two stage RC coupled amplier Frequency Response
7. Cascode Amplifier Frequency Response
8. Feedback amplifiers
9. Phase Shift Oscillator
10. Colpitts/Hartley Oscillators
11. Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrator with BJT

The experimental results obtained in the lab may be compared with the circuit simulation results.


Reference:


1. A S Sedra & K C Smith : `Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press.1998
2. Jacob Millman & Herbert Taub: Pulse, Digital & Switching Waveforms, TMGH 1995
3. Donald A. Neamen, Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition, MCGraw Hill 2003
4. Millman & Halkias : `Integrated Electronics, MGH. 1996
5. D L Schilling & C Belove : `Electronic Circuits, Third Ed; MGH. 2002
6. Robert Boylestad & Louis Nashelsky : `Electronic Devices & Circuit Theory, PHI.1995
7. William H Hayt Jr : `Electronic Circuit Analysis & Design.1994
8. Theodore F Bogart : `Electronic Devices & Circuits.2003
9. Mark N Horenstein : `Microelectronic Circuits & Devices, PHI.2002
10. Millman & Grabel : Microelectronics : MGH 1989
11. Richard C. Jaeger : Microelectronic circuit design, MGH 2007























55
EC 2029: LOGIC DESIGN LAB
L T P C
0 0 3 2

1. Combinational Logic design using basic gates (Code Converters, Comparators).
2. Combinational Logic design using decoders and MUXs.
3. Arithmetic circuits - Half and full address and subtractors.
4. Arithmetic circuits design using adder ICs, BCD adder.
5. Flip flop circuit (RS latch, JK & master slave) using basic gates.
6. Asynchronous Counters
7. Synchronous counters, Johnson & Ring counters.
8. Sequential Circuit designs (sequence detector circuit).
9. Transfer Characteristics , Measurement of Sinking and Sourcing currents etc. of TTL gates

Reference:

1. Roth C.H., Fundamentals of Logic Design, Jaico Publishers. V Ed., 2009
2. Taub & Schilling: Digital Integrated Electronics, MGH,1998.
3. W. I. Fletcher, An Engineering Approach to Digital Design, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1980
4. Tocci, R. J. and Widner, N. S., Digital Systems - Principles and Applications, Prentice Hall, 10th Ed., 2007
5. Wakerly J F, Digital Design: Principles and Practices, Prentice-Hall, 2nd Ed., 2002
6. Mano M. M., Computer System Architecture, Prentice Hall 1993.
7. Katz R, Contemporary Logic Design, Addison Wesley, 1993.
8. Lewin D. & Protheroe D., Design of Logic Systems, Chapman & Hall, University and Professional Division,
1992, II Ed.
9. T. L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, Prentice Hall, June 2005.































56
EC 3011: ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS - II


Pre-requisite: EC 2021
L T P C
4 0 0 4

Module 1 (16 hours)
Basic BJT/FET Differential amplifier DC transfer characteristics Small signal analysis Differential and
Common mode gain and input impedance Concept of CMRR Methods to improve CMRR Constant current
source active load - current mirror - Differential and Common mode frequency response
various stages of an operational amplifier - simplified schematic circuit of op-amp 741 - need for compensation
dominant pole compensation - typical op-amp parameters - slew rate CMRR,PSRR - open loop gain - unity gain
bandwidth - offset current & offset voltage CMOS op-amp with and without compensation

Module 2 (12 hours)
Linear op-amp circuits - inverting and non-inverting configurations - analysis for closed loop gain - input and
output impedances - virtual short concept - current to voltage and voltage to current converters - instrumentation
amplifier - nonlinear op-amp circuits - log and antilog amplifiers - 4 quadrant multipliers and dividers - phase shift
and wein bridge oscillators - comparators - astable and monostable circuits - linear sweep circuits

Module 3 (12 hours)
Butterworth, Chebychev and Bessel approximations to ideal low pass filter characteristics - frequency
transformations to obtain HPF, BPF and BEF from normalized prototype LPF - active biquad filters - LPF & HPF
using Sallen-Key configuration - BPF realization using the Delyannis configuration - BEF using twin T
configuration - all pass filter (first & second orders) realizations - inductance simulation using Antonious gyrator
Switched capacitor filter

Module 4 (16 hours)
DACs and ADCs (in depth design is not expected)-Digital to analog converters - Binary weighted - R-2R ladder -
Current steering - Charge scaling - Cyclic & pipeline DACs - Accuracy - Resolution - Conversion speed - Offset
error - Gain error - Integral and differential nonlinearity - Analog to digital converters Track and hold operation
- Track and hold errors - ADC conversion techniques - Flash converter - Two step flash - Pipeline Integrating -
Staircase converter - Successive approximation converter - Dual slope ADC
Phase Locked Loop Block schematic and analysis of PLL Lock range and capture range Typical applications
of PLL (eg.565) Basic principles of operation of VCO (eg. 566) and timer (555) and their applications
Voltage regulator ICs Fixed and adjustable (723) regulators


Reference:


1. Sergio Franco, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill Book
Company 1998
2. Jacob Baker R., Li H.W. & Boyce D.E., CMOS- Circuit Design, Layout & Simulation, PHI 2007
3. Gobind Daryanani, Principles of Active Network Synthesis & Design, John Wiley 2003
4. Sedra A.S. & Smith K.C., Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press 1998
5. Fiore J.M., Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, Jaico Publishing House 2006
6. Gaykward, Operational Amplifiers, Pearson Education, 1999
7. Coughlin R.F. & Driscoll F.F., Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, Pearson Education
2002
8. Horenstein M.N., Microelectronic Circuits & Devi es, PHI, 1995 c

57
EC 3012: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION


L T P C
4 0 0 4

Module 1 (13 Hours)
Analog Pulse Modulation: Sampling theorem for base-band and pass-band signals, Pulse Amplitude modulation:
generation and demodulation, PAM/TDM system, PPM generation and demodulation, PWM, Spectra of Pulse
modulated signals, SNR calculations for pulse modulation systems.

Digital Pulse modulation: Quantization, PCM, DPCM, Delta modulation, Adaptive delta modulation-Design of
typical systems and performance analysis.

Module 2 (13 Hours)
Signal space concepts: Geometric structure of the signal space, vector representation, distance, norm and inner
product, orthogonality, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure.

Matched filter receiver, Inter symbol interference, Pulse Shaping, Nyquist criterion for zero ISI, Signaling with
duobinary pulses, Eye diagram, Equalizer, Scrambling and descrambling.

Module 3 (14 Hours)
Review of Gaussian random process, Optimum threshold detection, Optimum Receiver for AWGN channel,
Matched filter and Correlation receivers, Decision Procedure: Maximum aposteriori probability detector-
Maximum likelihood detector, Error probability performance of binary signaling.

Digital band pass modulation schemes: ASK, FSK, PSK, MSK Digital M-ary modulation schemes signal
space representation

Module 4 (16 Hours)
Detection of signals in Gaussian noise - Coherent & non-coherent detection Differential modulation schemes
Error performance of binary and M-ary modulation schemes Probability of error of binary DPSK Performance
of M-ary signaling schemes in AWGN channels - Power spectra of digitally modulated signals, Performance
comparison of digital modulation schemes.



Reference:

1. Simon Haykin, Communication Systems, 3/e, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
2. John G Proakis and M. Salehi, Communication System Engineering, 2/e, Pearson Education, 2001.
3. B. Sklar and P.K. Ray, Digital Communication: Fundamentals and Applications, 2/e, Pearson Education,
2003.
4. R.E. Ziemer and W.H. Tranter, Principles of Communications, JAICO Publishing House, 2001.
5. B.P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication, 3/e, Oxford University Press, 1998.
6. John G. Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw Hill, 2001.











58
EC 3013: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Pre-requisite: EC 2014
L T P C
3 0 0 3
Module 1 (9 Hours)
Fourier analysis of discrete-time signals and systems: Discrete Fourier Series, Discrete Time Fourier Transform,
Discrete Fourier Transform - Properties; Approximation of Fourier transform through DFT, Fast algorithms for
DFT: The FFT algorithm Prime factor algorithms, Convolution; Linear and circular convolution, Practical
implementation, Overlap-save and overlap-add methods, Short-time Fourier transform.

Module 2 (9 Hours)
Digital filters: FIR Filters: Impulse response, Transfer function, Linear phase properties, Design: window based
design, frequency sampling design, minimax design. IIR Filters: Impulse response, Transfer function, Pole-zero
representation; Butterworth, Chebyshev, inverse Chebyshev and elliptic filter concepts, Approximation problem
for IIR filter design: Impulse in variance method, Bilinear transform method, Matched z-transform method,
Minimum mean squared error method; Frequency transformations; Realization structures: Direct form 1 and 2.

Module 3 (8 Hours)
(a) Least squares filter design: (4 Hours): Deterministic least squares: Whitening problem: FIR case; Signal
modelling: Spectral Factorisation; Lattice structure realization.
(b) Digital Signal Processors: (4 Hours): Architecture and types of instructions, Addressing schemes and Interface
details of one of the latest, commonly used Digital Signal Processors (e.g. Digital Signal Processors manufactured
by Texas Instruments or Analog Devices.)

Module 4 (16 Hours)
(a) Internal descriptions of digital filters: (8 Hours): Signal flow graphs, State variable descriptions, State variable
descriptions from primitive signal flow graphs, Transfer function from state variable descriptions, The difference
equation from state variable description, Co-ordinate transformation, Poles, zeros and the state variable
description.
(b) Finite length register effects: (8 Hours): Limit cycles, Overflow oscillations, State variable model for
overflow, Round-off noise in IIR digital filters, Computation of output round-off noise, Methods to prevent
overflow, Scaling rules and scaling operations, Scaling state variable description, Trade-off between round-off
and overflow noise, Measurement of coefficient quantization effects through pole-zero movement, Dead-band
effects, Constant input limit cycles.

Reference:

1. John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and
Applications, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1997.
2. Boaz Porat, A Course in Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall Inc, 1998.
3. Oppenheim A. V., Schafer R. W., Discrete-Time Signal Processing, Prentice Hall India, 1996.
4. Chi-Tsong Chen, Digital Signal Processing: Spectral Computation and Filter Design, Oxford University
Press, 2001.
5. Mitra S. K., Digital Signal Processing: A Computer Based Approach, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company,
1998.
6. Lonnie C. Ludeman, Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley& Sons, NY, 1986.
7. R. E. Bogner, A. G. Constantinidis, (Editors), Introduction to Digital Filtering, John Wiley & Sons, NY,
1975.
8. Emmanuel C. Ifeacher, Barry W. Jervis, Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach, 2nd edn.,
Pearson Education, 2004.
9. The Manuals of the Digital Signal Processors manufactured by Texas Instruments or Analog Devices
(Available online on the web pages of Texas Instruments or Analog Devices).



59
EC 3014: CONTROL SYSTEMS
L T P C
3 0 0 3


Module 1 (10 hours)
General schematic diagram of control systems - open loop and closed loop systems concept of feedback -
modeling of continuous time systems Review of Laplace transform - transfer function - block diagrams signal
flow graph - mason's gain formula - block diagram reduction using direct techniques and signal flow graphs -
examples - derivation of transfer function of simple systems from physical relations - low pass RC filter - RLC
series network - spring mass damper

Module 2 (11 hours)
Analysis of continuous time systems - time domain solution of first order systems time constant - time domain
solution of second order systems - determination of response for standard inputs using transfer functions - steady
state error - concept of stability - Routh- Hurwitz techniques - construction of bode diagrams - phase margin -
gain margin - construction of root locus - polar plots and theory of nyquist criterion - theory of lag, lead and lag-
lead compensators

Module 3 (11 hours)
Basic elements of a discrete time control system - sampling - sample and hold - Examples of sampled data
systems pulse transfer function - Review of Z-transforms - system function - mapping between s plane and z
plane - analysis of discrete time systems - examples - stability - Jury's criterion - bilinear transformation
stability analysis after bilinear transformation - Routh-Hurwitz techniques - construction of bode diagrams - phase
margin - gain margin - digital redesign of continuous time systems

Module 4 (9 hours)
Introduction to the state variable concept - state space models - phase variable and diagonal forms from time
domain - diagonalization - solution of state equations - homogenous and non homogenous cases - properties of
state transition matrix - state space representation of discrete time systems - solution techniques - relation between
transfer function and state space models for continuous and discrete cases - relation between poles and Eigen
values Controllability and observability


Reference:

1. Ziemer R.E., Tranter W.H. & Fannin D.R., "Signals and Systems",Fourth Edition, Pearson Education
Asia, 1998
2. Ogata K., "Modern Control Engineering", Prentice Hall India,1994
3. Dorf R.C. & Bishop R.H., "Modern Control Systems", Nineth Edition, Addison Wesley,2001
4. Kuo B.C., "Digital Control Systems", Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1992
5. Ogata K., Discrete Time Control Systems", Pearson Education, 2001
6. Nagarath I.J. & Gopal M., Control System Engineering, Wiley Eastern Ltd,1995
.













60
EC 3018: ELECTRONICS CIRCUIT LABORATORY II


L T P C
0 0 3 2
1. Differential amplifier and Current Source
2. Measurement of Op-Amp parameters CMRR, Slew rate, Open loop gain, input and output impedances,
Unity gain bandwidth
3. Inverting non-inverting amplifiers, Integrator, Differentiator frequency response
4. Instrumentation Amplifier using Op-amps and IC Gain, CMRR and Input impedance
5. Op-amp in comparator application
6. Waveform Generators Sine, square, Triangular and Ramp
7. Astable and Monostable Multivibrators using op-amp and 555IC
8. Low Pass Filter and High Pass Filter realizations using op-amps
9. Band Pass Filter and Band Stop Filter realizations using op-amps
10. DAC and ADC circuits using op-amp/ICs
11. Regulated power supply with 723 IC

The experimental results obtained in the lab may be compared with the circuit simulation results.


Reference:

1. Sergio Franco, Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, McGraw Hill Book
Company 1998
2. Jacob Baker R., Li H.W. & Boyce D.E., CMOS- Circuit Design, Layout & Simulation, PHI 2007
3. Gobind Daryanani, Principles of Active Network Synthesis & Design, John Wiley 2003
4. Sedra A.S. & Smith K.C., Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press 1998
5. Fiore J.M., Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, Jaico Publishing House 2006
6. Gaykward, Operational Amplifiers, Pearson Education, 1999
7. Coughlin R.F. & Driscoll F.F., Operational Amplifiers and Linear Integrated Circuits, Pearson Education
2002
8. Horenstein M.N., Microelectronic Circuits & Devices, PHI, 1995
























61

EC 3019: MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS LAB

L T P C
0 0 3 2

1. Assembly language programming of 8086 -TSR ,matrix multiplication and Pascals triangle
2. Stepper board interfacing to 8086
3. Hex keyboard interfacing to 8086
4. Multiplexed ,dynamic LED display interface to 8086
5. 8279 interface to 8086
6. 8255 interface to 8086
7. Assembly language programming of 8051
8. Timer programming of 8051 ,using status check
9. Timer programming of 8051 ,using interrupts
10. External interrupts programming of 8051
11. LCD interfacing to 8051 project


Reference:

1. Lyla B.Das, The x86 Microprocessors , Pearson Education, 2010
2. Muhammed Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi ,Rolin D Mc Kinlay, The 8051 Microcontroller and
Embedded Systems Using Assembly and C , Second Edition ,2008 , Pearson Education

ME 4104: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
Prerequisite: Nil


Module 1 (9 Hours)
Introduction to management theory, Characteristics of management, Management as an art profession, Systems
approach to management, Task and responsibilities of a professional manager, Levels of managers and skill
required. Management process planning mission objectives goals strategy policies programmes
procedures.
Module 2 (9 Hours)
Organizing principles of organizing organization structures, Directing delegation span of control
leadership motivation communication, Controlling.
Module 3 (12 Hours)
Decision making process decision making under certainty risk uncertainty models of decision making,
Project management critical path method programme evaluation and review technique crashing.
Module 4 (12 Hours)
Introduction to functional areas of management, Operations management, Human resources management,
Marketing management, Financial management.
References:
L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Koontz, H., and Weihrich, H., Essentials of Management: An International Perspective, 8
th
ed., McGraw Hill,
2009.
2. Hicks, Management: Concepts and Applications, Cengage Learning, 2007.
3. Mahadevan, B., Operations Management, Theory and Practice, Pearson Education Asia, 2009.
4. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L, Koshy, A., and Jha, M., Marketing Management, 13
th
ed., 2009.
5. Khan, M.Y., and Jain, P.K., Financial Management, Tata-Mcgraw Hill, 2008.
62
EC 3021: COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE

L T P C
3 0 0 3


Module 1 (10 hours)
Introduction to Processor Architecture Design Methodology- System Representation Gate level Register
level Processor level CPU Organization Data Representation Basic Formats Fixed Point Numbers
Floating Point Numbers Instruction Sets Instruction Formats Instruction Types Programming
Considerations.

Module 2 (12 hours)
Datapath Design Fixed Point Arithmetic Addition and Subtraction Multiplication Division Arithmetic
Logic Units Combinational ALUs Sequential ALUs Floating Point Arithmetic Pipeline Processing
Control Design : Basic Concepts Introduction Hardwired Control Design Examples Microprogrammed
Control Basic Concepts Multiplier Control Unit CPU Control Unit Pipeline Control Instruction Pipelines
Pipeline Performance Superscalar Processing

Module 3 (10 hours)
Memory Organisation Memory Hierarchy Main memory RAM and ROM chips Memory Address Map
Memory Connection to CPU Auxiliary Memory Magnetic disks Magnetic Tape Associative Memory
Hardware Organization - Read Operation Write Operation Cache Memory : Associative Mapping Direct
Mapping Set Associative Mapping Virtual Memory Address Space and Memory Space Address Mapping
Using Pages Associative Memory Page Table Page Replacement Memory Management Hardware
Segmented Page Mapping

Module 4 (10 hours)
System Organization Communication Methods Basic Concepts Bus Control I/O and System Control I/O
Organization Isolated Versus Memory Mapped I/O - Programmed I/O DMA and Interrupts I/O Processors
Operating Systems Parallel Processing Processor Level Parallelism Multiprocessors Fault Tolerance.


Reference:

1. Patterson D.A. & Hennessy J.L., "Computer Organization and Design", Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002
2. John.P.Hayes Computer Architecture and Organization, McGraw-Hill International Editions, Computer
Science Series, 1998.
3. Morris Mano Computer System Architecture, Prentice-Hall India, Eastern Economy Edition, 2009
4. Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic & Safwat Zaky, Computer Organization, Mc Graw Hill, 2001
5. Pal Choudhuri P., "Computer Organization and Design", Prentice-Hall India, 2
nd
Edition, 2003
6. William Stallings, "Computer Organization and Architecture", Pearson Education, 4
th
Edition, 2006















63
EC 3022: INFORMATION THEORY & CODING

L T P C
4 0 0 4

Module 1 (14 hours)
Entropy and Loss-less Source Coding : Entropy, Entropy of discrete random variables- Joint, conditional and
relative entropy- Chain rule for entropy, Mutual information and conditional mutual information, Relative entropy
and mutual Information
Lossless source coding- Discrete Memory-less sources, Uniquely decodable codes- Instantaneous codes- Kraft's
inequality Average codeword length, Optimal codes- Huffman coding, Arithmetic Coding, Lemplel-Ziv Coding,
Shannon's Source Coding Theorem.

Module 2 (16 hours)
Channel Capacity and Coding Theorem: Channel Capacity- Discrete memory-less channels (DMC) and channel
transition probabilities, Capacity computation for simple channels- Shannons Channel Coding Theorem for DMC
(proof is optional), Converse of Channel Coding Theorem
Continuous Sources and Channels: Differential Entropy- Mutual information- Waveform channels- Gaussian
channels- Shannon-Harley Theorem, Shannon limit, efficiency of digital modulation schemes-power limited and
bandwidth limited systems..

Module 3 (16 hours)
Channel Coding- Part-I: Introduction- Error detection and correction, Review of Vector Space, properties, Linear
block codes- Construction and decoding, Standard Array decoding, Distance properties.
Characteristics of Finite fields- Construction and basic properties of Finite Fields- Computations using Galois
Field arithmetic- Extension Fields. Cyclic codes Non-systematic and systematic codes-Construction and
Decoding- Minimal Polynomials, Conjugates and Conjugacy classes, BCH codes Construction and decoding -
Reed Solomon codes, Introduction to low density parity check codes.

Module 4 (10 hours)
Channel Coding- Part-II: Convolutional codes Encoder representations and Types- Maximum likelihood
decoding - Viterbi decoding, Hard decision and Soft decision decoding, Transfer function of convolutional codes,
Interleaving, Concatenated codes, Introduction to Turbo codes.

Reference:

1. Thomas M. Cover and Joy A. Thomas, Elements of Information Theory, John Wiley & Sons, 2006
2. Shu Lin and Daniel. J. Costello Jr., Error Control Coding: Fundamentals and applications, 2
nd
Ed., Prentice
Hall Inc, 2004.
3. John G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communication, 5
th
Ed., MGH, 2008
4. David J. C. MacKay, Information Theory, Inference and Learning Algorithms, Cambridge University
Press, 2003
5. Robert Gallager, Information Theory and Reliable Communication, John Wiley & Sons, 1968.
6. R. E. Blahut, Theory and Practice of Error Control Codes, Addison-Wesley, 1983.


\










64
EC 3023: COMPUTER NETWORKS
L T P C
3 0 0 3

Module 1 (8 hrs)
Introduction: Building blocks- links, nodes - Layering and protocols - OSI architecture - Internet architecture
Multiplexing -Circuit switching vs packet switching - Datagram Networks - Virtual Circuit networks.

Module 2 (10 hrs)
Direct link Networks: Framing - Error detection - Reliable transmission - Multiple access protocols - Ethernet
(IEEE 802.3) - Token Rings (IEEE 802.5) - wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11) - Bridges and LAN switches - ATM
networks.

Module 3 (14 hrs)
Internetworking: IPv4- addressing, datagram forwarding ARP - Routing- distance vector (RIP) - Link state
(OSPF) - routing for mobile hosts - Global Internet- subnetting CIDR - inter-domain routing (BGP) - IPv6.
End to End protocols: Simple demultiplexer (UDP) - Reliable byte stream (TCP)- segment format, connection
management, sliding window, flow control, adaptive retransmission, congestion control, TCP extension,
performance.

Module 4 (10 hrs)
Broadband services and QoS issues: Quality of Service issues in networks- Integrated service architecture-
Queuing Disciplines- Weighted Fair Queuing- Random Early Detection- Differentiated Services- Protocols for
QOS support- Resource reservation-RSVP- Multi protocol Label switching- Real Time transport protocol.

Reference:

1. Peterson L.L. & Davie B.S., Computer Networks: A System Approach, Morgan Kaufman Publishers,
3
rd
edition, 2003.
2. James. F. Kurose and Keith.W. Ross, Computer Networks, A top-down approach featuring the Internet,
Addison Wesley, 3
rd
edition, 2005.
3. D. Bertsekas and R. Gallager, Data Networks, PHI, 2
nd
edition, 2000.
4. S. Keshav, An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking, Pearson Education, 2005.


















65
EC 3024: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES




Module 1 (8 hours)
Natural Resources: a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies- Timber extraction,
mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface
and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. c) Mineral resources: Use
and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. d) Food resources:
World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and over-grazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-
pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable
and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources, case studies, reducing energy consumption in
electronic systems, energy audits, sustainable power generation and energy systems. f) Land resources: Land as a
resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. g) Role of an individual in
conservation of natural resources. h) Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.


Module 2 (6 hours)
Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem, structure and function of an ecosystem, producers, consumers and
decomposers, energy flow in the ecosystem, ecological succession, food chains, food webs and ecological
pyramids.
Characteristic features, structure and function of: forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem and
aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)


Module 3 (8 hours)
Biodiversity and its conservation: Genetic, species and ecosystem diversity, bio-geographical classification of
India, Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values,
Biodiversity at global, national and local levels, India as a mega-diversity nation, Hot-spots of biodiversity, threats
to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts, endangered and endemic species of
India, conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.


Module 4 (8 hours)
Environmental Pollution: Causes, effects and control measures of air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution,
marine pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution and nuclear hazards, solid waste management - causes, effects
and control measures of urban and industrial wastes, role of an individual in prevention of pollution, pollution
case studies, disaster management - floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Electronic product life cycle, probable environmental pollution at different stages, electronic waste materials,
waste management, impact of materials and processes used for electronic product manufacturing, recycling
electronics, removal of hazardous substances from products.


Module 5 (7 hours)
Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development, urban problems related to
energy, water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management, resettlement and rehabilitation of
people; its problems and concerns, case studies
Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions, climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer
depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies, wasteland reclamation, consumerism and waste products.
Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation and public awareness.
Design for Environment (DFE), need for regulations, impact of work culture in the modern world.




L T P C
3 0 0 3
66
Module 6 (5 hours)
Human Population and the Environment: Population growth, variation among nations, Population explosion
Family Welfare Programme, environment and human health, role of Information Technology in environment and
human health, case studies, biological impact of materials used in electronic products and manufacturing process,
impact of signal radiation from electronic products.


Reference:

1. Gurdeep R. Chatwal and Harish Sharma, A Text Book of Environmental Studies : Environmental
Sciences, Himalaya Publishing House, 2004.
2. Anubha Kaushik and C P Kaushik, Perspectives in Environmental Studies, New Age International, 2007.


EC 3028: ANALOG COMMUNICATION LAB

L T P C
0 0 3 2

The goals of Analog Communication Laboratory course are: To perform experiments that demonstrate the theory
of analog modulation and demodulation techniques learned in the course EC2024 Fundamentals of
Communication and to introduce the students to some of the electronic components that make up communication
systems.


List of experiments:

1. AM generation
2. AM detection with simple and delayed AGC
3. DSBSC generation
4. RF Mixer using JFET/BJT
5. Implementation of intermediate frequency amplifier
6. FM generation (reactance modulator)
7. FM demodulation: Foster-seely discriminator and ratio detector
8. PAM generation and demodulation
9. Generation and demodulation of PWM and PPM
10. PLL characteristics
11. FM modulation/demodulation using PLL

Reference:

1. L.W. Couch, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 7/E, Pearson, 2007.
2. W. Tomasi, Electronics Communication Systems: Fundamentals Through Advanced, 5/e, Pearson, 2007.

EC 3099: MINI PROJECT
L T P Cr
0 0 3 1

The mini project should be on Hardware Design and/or Fabrication in any of the areas in Electronics and
Communication Engineering. Microcontroller/DSP/PLD based hardware design is also permitted. Project work
can be carried out individually or by a group of maximum of five students under the guidance of a faculty from
ECE Department. A committee of the faculty will evaluate the projects during the sixth semester. This course is
normally engaged by the department at the beginning of sixth semester.

67
MS 4003: ECONOMICS

L T P C
3 0 0 3

Module 1 (9 hours)
General Foundations of Economics; Nature of the firm; Forms of organizations-Objectives of firms-Demand
analysis and estimation-Individual, Market and Firm demand, Determinants of demand, Elasticity measures and
business decision making, Theory of the firm-Production functions in the short and long run


Module 2 (11 hours)
Cost concepts- Short run and long run costs- economies and diseconomies of scale, real and pecuniary economies;
Product Markets; Market Structure- Competitive market; Imperfect competition (Monopoly, Monopolistic &
Oligopoly) and barriers to entry and exit -Pricing in different markets


Module 3 (11 hours)
Macro Economic Aggregates-Gross Domestic Product; Economic Indicators; Models of measuring national
income; Inflation ; Fiscal and Monetary Policies ; Monetary system; Money Market, Capital market; Indian stock
market; Development Banks; Changing role of Reserve Bank of India


Module 4 (11 hours)
International trade - Foreign exchange market- Balance of Payments and Trade-Effects of disequilibrium in BOP
on business- Trade regulation- Tariff versus quotas- International Trade and development and role of international
institutions (World Bank, IMF and WTO) in economic development.


Reference:

1. Gregory.N.Mankiw, Principles of Macro Economics, Cengage Learning,4
th
Edition, 2007.
2. Gupta, S.B.Monetary Economics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi,4
th
Edition,1998.
3. Guruswamy,S. Capital Markets, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,2
nd
edition ,2009
4. Misra, S.K. and V.K. Puri, Indian Economy Its Development Experience, Himalaya Publishing House,
Mumbai, 27
th
Edition,2009
5. Pindyck, R.S,, D.L Rubinfield and P.L. Mehta , Microeconomics, Pearson Eductaion,6
th
Edition, 2008
6. Samuelson, P.A. and W.D. Nordhaus , Economics ,Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi. 1998.
7. William .J.Baumol and Alan.S. Blinder, Micro Economics Principles & Policy, Cengage Learning, Indian
Edition 9
th
edition, 2009.



PN : Supplementary materials would be suggested / supplied for select topics on Indian economy











68
EC 4011: FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

L T P C
4 0 0 4

Module 1 (15 hours)
Mobile radio propagation - free space propagation model - ground reflection model large scale path loss - small
scale fading and multipath propagation - impulse response model of a multipath channel - parameters of a mobile
multipath channel - multipath delay spread - doppler spread - coherence band width - coherence time - time
dispersion and frequency selective fading - frequency dispersion and time selective fading - concepts of level
crossing rate and average fade duration

Module 2 (15 hours)
Digital communication through fading multipath channels - frequency non selective, slowly fading channels -
frequency selective, slowly fading channels- calculation of error probabilities - tapped delay line model - the
RAKE receiver performance diversity techniques for mobile wireless radio systems concept of diversity branch
and signal paths -combining methods - selective diversity combining - pre-detection and post detection combining
- switched combining - maximal ratio combining- equal gain combining

Module 3 (13 hours)
Cellular concept - frequency reuse cochannel interference - adjacent channel interference -power control for
reducing interference - improving capacity in cellular systems cell splitting - sectoring - hand off strategies -
channel assignment strategies - call blocking in cellular networks

Module 4 (13 hours)
Fundamental concepts of spread spectrum systems - pseudo noise sequence - performance of direct sequence
spread spectrum systems - analysis of direct sequence spread spectrum systems - the processing gain and anti
jamming margin - frequency hopped spread spectrum systems - time hopped spread spectrum systems -
synchronization of spread spectrum systems

Reference:

1. Rapport Thoedore S., Wireless Communications, Principles and Practice, PHI, 2003
2. Haykin, S. and Moher M., Modern Wireless Communications, Prentice Hall 2005.
3. Kamilo Feher, Wireless Digital Communications, PHI, 1995
4. Lee W.C.Y., Mobile Cellular Telecommunication, MGH, 2002
5. Proakis J.G., Digital Communications, Third Edition, MGH,2001




















69
EC 4018: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY

Pre-requisites: EC3013
L T P C
0 0 3 2

The experiments listed below are arranged in a pedagogical order. The instructor shall judiciously choose both
simulation experiments using MATLAB/C/C++ and Assembly level implementation on a Digital Signal Processor
manufactured by Texas Instruments (TI) or Analog Devices (AD). The first four experiments shall be done using
MATLAB/C/C++by simulation. While using MATLAB, elementary commands of MATLAB shall be used,
instead of built-in functions, to help the student develop insight in data structures for implementing Signal
Processing Algorithms. Experiments from the fourth to the eleventh in the list shall be done both in MATLAB
and in the Assembly language of one of the Digital Signal Processors (TI or AD).

1. Construction of the z-plane - Fourier transform, discrete time representations, poles and zeros, graphical
calculation of phase and magnitude responses.
2. Linear convolution - Response of a LTI system to an arbitrary input.
3. Frequency response of FIR filters - Minimum Phase filters, Linear phase filters.
4. Convolution of long sequences - Overlap-save and overlap-add methods.
5. FIR Filter Design - Window-based method - Linear phase filters, lowpass, highpass, bandpass, band-
reject filters - impulse response, step response, pulse response, response to sinusoids; FIR filters having
arbitrary frequency response - Design using frequency sampling method; Least-squares design of FIR
filters in time and frequency domains.
6. Discrete Fourier transform - Fast Fourier Transform algorithms - Decimation in time and Decimation in
frequency FFT algorithms, Inverse discrete Fourier transform, Convolution with DFT - Circular
convolution and Linear Convolution.
7. IIR filter Design - Butterworth and Chebyshev designs, Impulse invariance and Bi-linear transformation
methods, pole-zero placements - Integrator, Comb filter.
8. Companding and non-uniform quantization - A-law and -law companding Digital realization.
9. Digital coding of waveforms - Differential pulse code modulation - Adaptive Differential pulse code
modulation, Delta modulation, Adaptive Delta modulation and Sigma-delta modulation.
10. Lattice structure realization of digital filters.
11. Linear prediction - Levinson recursion, Levinson-Durbin Algorithm - Lattice realization of prediction
error filter; consistent extension of the autocorrelation matrix of a stationary process.

Reference:

1 John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications,
Prentice Hall India Pvt. Ltd., 1997.
2 Boaz Porat, A Course in Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall Inc, 1998.
3 Oppenheim A. V., Schafer R. W., Discrete-Time Signal Processing, Prentice Hall India, 1996.
4 Chi-Tsong Chen, Digital Signal Processing: Spectral Computation and Filter Design, Oxford University
Press, 2001.
5 Richard A. Roberts, Clifford T. Mullis, Digital Signal Processing, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,
1987.
6 Mitra S. K., Digital Signal Processing - A Computer Based Approach, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company,
1998.
7 Lonnie C. Ludeman, Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley& Sons, NY, 1986.
8 R. E. Bogner, A. G. Constantinidis, (Editors), Introduction to Digital Filtering, John Wiley & Sons, NY,
1975.
9 Emmanuel C. Ifeacher, Barry W. Jervis, Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach, 2nd edn., Pearson
Education, 2004.
10 The Manuals of the Digital Signal Processors manufactured by Texas Instruments or Analog Devices
(Available online on the web pages of Texas Instruments or Analog Devices).



70
EC 4019: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LAB
L T P C
0 0 3 2
This laboratory is used for experiments to learn the fundamental concepts for analysis and design of digital and
communication systems. Experiments are performed using electronic instrumentation, such as oscilloscopes, noise
generators, spectrum analyzers, and network analyzers.

List of experiments:

1. Pulse code modulation
2. Delta modulation
3. Manchester encoder and timing recovery
4. Frequency Shift Keying Modem: Hardware Implementation
5. BPSK Modem: Simulation and Error probability evaluation
6. BPSK generation and detection: Hardware Implementation
7. BPSK Modem: Simulation and Error probability evaluation
8. Linear block codes-generation and detection
9. Cyclic encoder and decoder
10. Differential encoder and decoder
11. Digital microwave links
12. Digital TDM
13. CDMA spreader and de-spreader

Reference:

1. L.W. Couch, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 7/E, Pearson, 2007.
2. W. Tomasi, Electronics Communication Systems: Fundamentals Through Advanced, 5/e, Pearson, 2007.

EC 4098: MAJOR PROJECT
L T P C
0 0 6 3

The duration of major project is for two continuous semesters from seventh. The project can be analytical work,
simulation, hardware design or a combination of these in the emerging areas of Electronics and Communication
Engineering under the supervision of a faculty from the ECE Department. Project work can be carried out
individually or by a group of maximum of five students. The UG evaluation committee of the department shall
evaluate the project during seventh semester for 3 of total of 7 credits assigned for the project.

EC 4094: SEMINAR
L T P C
0 0 3 1
Each student shall present a seminar in the eighth semester on a topic relevant to Electronics and Communication
Engineering for about 30 minutes. The topic should not be a replica of what is contained in the syllabus. The topic
shall be approved by the Seminar Evaluation Committee of the Department. The committee shall evaluate the
presentation of students. A seminar report in the prescribed form shall be submitted to the department after the
approval from the committee.

EC 4099: MAJOR PROJECT
L T P C
0 0 6 4
The duration of major project is for two continuous semesters from seventh. The project can be analytical work,
simulation, hardware design or a combination of these in the emerging areas of Electronics and Communication
Engineering under the supervision of a faculty from the ECE Department. Project work can be carried out
individually or by a group of maximum of five students. The UG evaluation committee of the department shall
evaluate the project during eighth semester for 4 of total of 7 credits assigned for the project.
71

ELECTIVES

EC 3031: TELEVISION ENGINEERING




Module 1 (10 hours)
Principles of television - image continuity - interlaced scanning - blanking - synchronizing - video and sound
signal modulation - channel bandwidth - vestigial sideband transmission television signal propagation
antennas. VSB correction - positive and negative modulation - transmitter block diagram- CCD camera

Module 2 (12 hours)
Television receiver circuits IF section, video detector-video amplifiers- AGC , Sync processing and AFC-
Horizontal and vertical deflection circuits sound section-tuner .

Module 3 (12 hours)
Colour TV - Colour perception - luminance, hue and saturation - colour TV camera and picture tube - colour
signal transmission - bandwidth - modulation - formation of chrominance signal - principles of NTSC, PAL and
SECAM coder and decoder

Module 4 (8 hours)
Digital TV - composite digital standards - 4 f sc NTSC standard - general specifications - sampling structure -
digital transmission
Cable TV - cable frequencies - co-axial cable for CATV - cable distribution system - cable decoders - wave traps
and scrambling methods

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Gulati R.R., Modern Television Engineering, Wiley Eastern Ltd, 2002.
2. Michael Robin & Michael Poulin, Digital Television Fundamentals, McGraw Hill, 1998
3. Bernard Grob & Charles E. Herndon, Basic Television and Video Systems, McGraw Hill International, 1999
4. Dhake A.M., Television Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill, 1993
5. Damacher P., Digital Broadcasting, IEE Telecommunications Series, 1996





















72


EC 3032: POWER ELECTRONICS





Module 1 (10 hours)
Power diodes - basic structure and V-I characteristics - various types - power transistors - BJT, MOSFET and
IGBT - basic structure and V-I characteristics - thyristors - basic structure - static and dynamic characteristics -
device specifications and ratings - methods of turning on - gate triggering circuit using UJT - methods of turning
off - commutation circuits - TRIAC

Module 2 (10 hours)
Line frequency phase controlled rectifiers using SCR - single phase rectifier with R and RL loads - half controlled
and fully controlled converters with continuous and constant currents - SCR inverters - circuits for single phase
inverters - series, parallel and bridge inverters - pulse width modulated inverters - basic circuit operation

Module 3 (10 hours)
AC regulators - single phase ac regulator with R and RL loads - sequence control of ac regulators - cycloconverter
- basic principle of operation - single phase to single phase cycloconverter - choppers - principle of operation -
step-up and step-down choppers - speed control of DC motors and induction motors

Module 4 (12 hours)
Switching regulators - buck regulators - boost regulators - buck-boost regulators - cuk regulators - switched mode
power supply - principle of operation and analysis - comparison with linear power supply - uninterruptible power
supply - basic circuit operation - different configurations - characteristics and applications

Reference:

1. Ned Mohan et.al, .Power Electronics, John Wiley and Sons, 1989
2. Sen P.C., Power Electronics, Tata Mc Graw Hill,2003
3. Rashid, Power Electronics.,Prentice Hall India,1993
4. G.K.Dubey et.al, Thyristorised Power Controllers, Wiley & Sons, 2001
5. Dewan & Straughen, .Power Semiconductor Circuits, Wiley & Sons, 1984
6. Singh M.D & Khanchandani K.B., Power Electronics, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 1998




















L T P C
3 0 0 3
73

EC 3033: MICROELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY



Module 1 (6 hours)
Material properties, crystal structure, lattice, basis, planes, directions, angle between different planes,
characterization of material based on band diagram and bonding, conductivity, resistivity, sheet resistance, phase
diagram and solid solubility, Crystal growth techniques, wafer cleaning, Epitaxy, Clean room and safety
requirements

Module 2 (15 hours)
Oxidation: Kinetics of Silicon dioxide growth both for thick, thin and ultra thin films, Deal-Grove model and
Improvements in Deal-Grove method for thin and ultra thin oxide layers, thickness characterization methods,
multi dimension oxidation modeling
Diffusion and Ion Implantation: Diffusion process, Solid state diffusion modeling, various doping techniques, Ion
implantation, modeling of Ion implantation, statistics of ion implantation, damage annealing, thermal budget,
rapid thermal annealing, spike anneal, advanced annealing methods, Implant characterization SIMS, spreading
resistance method

Module 3 (15 hours)
Deposition & Growth: Various deposition techniques CVD, PVD, evaporation, sputtering, spin coating, LPCVD,
epitaxy, MBE, ALCVD, Growth of High k and low k dielectrics
Etch and Cleaning: materials used in cleaning, various cleaning methods, Wet etch, Dry etch, Plasma etching, RIE
etching, etch selectivity/selective etch
Photolithography: Positive photo resist, negative photo resist, comparison of photo resists, components of a resist,
light sources, exposure, Resolution, Depth of Focus, Numerical Aperture (NA), sensitivity, contrast, need for
different light sources, masks, Contact, proximity and projection lithography, step and scan, optical proximity
correction, develop(development of resist), Next generation technologies: Immersion lithography, Phase shift
mask, EUV lithography, X-ray lithography, e-beam lithography, ion lithography, SCALPEL

Module 4 (6 hours)
Planarization Techniques: Need for planarization, Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Metallization and Interconnects: Copper damascene process, Metal interconnects; Multi-level metallization
schemes, Process integration: NMOS, CMOS and Bipolar process.

Reference:

1. M. Deal and P.Griffin, Silicon VLSI Technology, James Plummer, Prentice Hall Electronics, 2010.
2. Stephen Campbell, The Science and Engineering of Microelectronics Oxford University Press,
1996.
3. S.M. Sze, VLSI Technology, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1988.
4. S.K. Ghandhi, VLSI Fabrication Principles, John Wiley Inc., New York, 1983.
5. C.Y. Chang and S.M.Sze , ULSI Technology, McGraw Hill Companies Inc, 1996.













L T P C
3 0 0 3
74
EC 3034: MODELING AND TESTING OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS



Pre-requisite: EC2012

Module 1 (12 Hours)
Introduction to HDL based Digital Design: Basic VHDL terminology basic language elements Data objects
and types Behavioural modelling Process constructs Complex signal assignments Dataflow modelling
delay models Structural modelling resolving signal values

Module 2 (12 Hours)
Advanced VHDL features: Generics and Configurations Subprograms and Overloading Packages and
Libraries Advanced features simulation semantics modelling examples state machine modelling using
VHDL- review of FPGA architectures and design using FPGA. Practical design exercises on VHDL simulator
/synthesizer

Module 3 (10 Hours)
Digital System Testing: Fault models fault equivalence fault location fault dominance single and multiple
stuck faults Testing for single stuck faults Algorithms random test generation Testing for bridging faults

Module 4 (8 Hours)
Design for Testability: Ad-hoc design for testability techniques Classical scan designs Boundary scan
standards Built-in-self-test Test pattern generation BIST architecture examples

Reference:

1. J. Bhasker; A VHDL Synthesis Primer, B.S. Publications 2001
2 VHDL for Engineers ,by Kenneth L Short ,Pearson Education ,2006
3. Miron Abramovici et. al. Digital System Testing and Testable Design, Jaico Publishing House, 2001
4. Charles H. Roth Jr; Digital System Design Using VHDL, Thomson Education,2005


























L T P C
3 0 0 3
75
EC 3035: MOS DEVICE MODELING

Pre-requisite : EC2013



Module 1 (13 hours)
Semiconductor surfaces, Ideal MOS structure, MOS device in thermal equilibrium, Non-Ideal MOS: work
function differences, charges in oxide, interface states, band diagram of non ideal MOS, flatband voltage,
electrostatics of a MOS (charge based calculations), calculating various charges across the MOSC, threshold
voltage, MOS as a capacitor (2 terminal device), Three terminal MOS, effect on threshold voltage

Module 2 (16 hours)
MOSFET (Enhancement and Depletion MOSFETs), mobility, on current characteristics, off current
characteristics, subthrehsold swing, effect of interface states on subthreshold swing, drain conductance and
transconductance, effect of source bias and body bias on threshold voltage and device operation, Scaling, Short
channel and narrow channel effects- High field effects

Module 3 (5 hours)
MOS transistor in dynamic operation, Large signal Modeling, small signal model for low, medium and high
frequencies.

Module 4 (8 hours)
SOI concept, PD SOI, FD SOI and their characteristics, threshold voltage of a SOI MOSFET, Multi-gate SOI
MOSFETs, Alternate MOS structures.

Reference:

1. E.H. Nicollian, J. R. Brews, Metal Oxide Semiconductor - Physics and Technology, John Wiley and Sons,
2003.
2. Jean- Pierrie Colinge, Silicon-on-insulator Technology: Materials to VLSI Kluwer Academic publishers group,
2004.
3. Yannis Tsividis, Operation and Modeling of the MOS transistor: Oxford University Press, 2010.
4. M.S.Tyagi, Introduction to Semiconductor materials and Devices, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.
5. Donald A Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principles, McGraw-Hill, 2003.
6. Jean-Pierre Colinge, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, access online at
(NITC intranet) http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-4020-7018-1/
7. Y. Taur and T.H. Ning, Fundamentals of Modern VLSI DevicesCambridge University Press, 1998, ISBN: 0-
521-55959-6



















L T P C
3 0 0 3
76

EC 3036: VLSI CIRCUITS & SYSTEMS



Pre-requisites: EC2012 & EC2013

Module 1 (12 hours)
Overview of VLSI Design flow- Review of MOS transistors, MOSFET capacitances-Junction capacitances-oxide
related capacitances-Ideal switches and Boolean operation-MOSFET as switch-Switch models of inverter-
MOSFET realization of inverters- Resistive load, NMOS load and CMOS inverters-DC and Transient analysis-
Area, power and noise margin considerations-Stick diagram and layout of CMOS inverter

Module 2 (13 hours)
Multiple input CMOS logic circuits, DC and transient analysis, Pseudo NMOS, Pass transistor, Complementary
pass transistor and transmission gate logic styles, realization, Area, power and noise margin considerations,
Dynamic circuits, Issues with dynamic circuits-Domino and NORA logic, Designing sequential circuits, clocked
CMOS circuits

Module 3 (9 hours)
Cell based design, Standard cells and Data path cells, Logic and circuit design of arithmetic circuits-Adders-
Ripple carry, Carry look ahead and other high speed adders, Array and tree multipliers-Logarithmic and barrel
shifters, 6T SRAM and DRAM cell design

Module 4 (8 hours)
Driving large capacitive loads, Wire delay models, Lumped C, RC and distributed RC models, Elmore delay
model, Delay calculation with distributed circuit elements, Latch up and its prevention, Input and output circuits,
ESD protection, power supply noise, Supply voltage scaling and its effect on circuit parameters, Scaling and short
channel effects

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Sung Mo Kang & Yusuf Leblebici, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits- Analysis & Desing, MGH, Third Ed.,
2003
2. John P Uyemura, Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, Wiley India, 2006
3. Neil H.E.Weste, Kamran Eshraghian, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design- A Systems Perspective, Second
Edition. Pearson Publication, 2005
4. Jan M.Rabaey, Digital Integrated Circuits- A Design Perspective, Prentice Hall, Second Edition, 2005
5. R.J. Baker, H.W.Li and D.E.Boyce, CMOS Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2007

















77

EC 3037: ACTIVE NETWORK SYNTHESIS




Pre-requisites: EC 2011, EC 3011


Module1(10 hours)
Network functions - Frequency and impedance denormalization - Types of filters (filter magnitude specs, phase
specs, second-order filter functions) - Butterworth, Chebyshev, Elliptic and Bessel filters - Sensitivity - Definition
and basic properties - Function sensitivity - Coefficient sensitivity - Q and
0
sensitivity

Module 2 (9 hours)
Amplifiers and fundamental active building blocks - Opamps, OTAs, CCIIs, Integrators, gyrators and immittance
converters

Module 3 (15 hours)
Second-order filters - Single-amplifier RC biquads - Multiple amplifier biquads (Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb
filter, Tow-Thomas filter, Akerberg-Mossberg filter) - Biquads based on general impedance converter - OTA-
based (two-integrator loop) filters - effects of active nonidealities
Higher order filter realization - Cascade realizations, pole-zero pairing - Multiple-loop feedback realizations - LC
ladder simulations

Module 4 (8 hours)
Fully integrated high-frequency filter realisations - Transconductance filters - Log-domain filters - Switched-
capacitor filters

Reference:

1. P V Ananda Mohan: Current mode VLSI Analog filters; Springer, 2004
2. Gobind Daryanani: Principles of Active Network Synthesis and Design, John Wiley, 1978
3. M E Van Valkenberg: Analog Filter Design; Oxford Univ Press, 1995
4. Sedra & Brackett: Filter theory & Design Active & Passive; Matrix Publishers, 1978



















L T P C
3 0 0 3
78
EC 3038: EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
L T P C
3 0 0 3

Module 1(10 hours)
Introduction to Embedded systems : Embedded system examples, Parts of Embedded System- Processor, Power
supply, clock, memory interface, interrupt, I/O ports, Buffers, Programmable Devices, ASIC,etc. interfacing with
memory and I/O devices. Memory Technologies EPROM, Flash, OTP, SRAM,DRAM, SDRAM etc.

Module 2 (8 hours)
Embedded System Design: Embedded System product Development Life cycle (EDLC), Hardware development
cycles- Specifications, Component selection, Schematic Design, PCB layout, fabrication and assembly. Product
enclosure Design and Development.
Embedded System Development Environment IDE, Cross compilation, Simulators/Emulators, Hardware
Debugging. Hardware testing methods like Boundary Scan, In Circuit Testing (ICT) etc.
Bus architectures like I
2
C, SPI, AMBA, CAN etc.

Module 3 (12 hours)
Operating Systems: Concept of firmware, Operating system basics, Real Time Operating systems, Tasks,
Processes and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task scheduling, Task communication and
synchronisation, Device Drivers.

Module 4 (12 hours)
System Design Examples : System design using ARM/PSoC/MSP430 processor

Reference:

1. Shibu K.V.: Introduction to Embedded Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009
2. Tim Wilmshurst: An introduction to the design of small-scale embedded systems, Palgrave, 2001.
3. Device data sheets of ARM/PSoC/MSP430
4. Web Resources






















79

EC 3039: MULTIRATE SYSTEMS



Pre-requisites: EC3013

Module 1 (12 hours)
Multirate System Fundamentals: Sampling theorem: Sub-Nyquist sampling, generalization; Basic multirate
operations: up sampling and down sampling - time domain and frequency domain analysis; Identities of multirate
operations; Interpolator and decimator design; Rate conversion; Polyphase representation of signals and systems;
uniform DFT filter bank, decimated uniform DFT filter bank polyphase representation.

Module 2 (10 hours)
Multirate Filter Banks: Maximally decimated filter banks: Quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks - Polyphase
representation, Errors in the QMF - Aliasing and imaging; Methods of cancelling aliasing error,
Amplitude and phase distortions; Prefect reconstruction (PR) QMF bank - PR condition; Design of an alias free
QMF bank

Module 3 (10 hours)
M-channel Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks: Filter banks with equal pass bandwidth, filter banks with unequal
pass bandwidth Errors created by the filter banks system - Aliasing and imaging - Amplitude and phase
distortion, polyphase representation - polyphase matrix. Perfect reconstruction system - Necessary and sufficient
condition for perfect reconstruction, FIR PR systems, Factorization of polyphase matrices, Design of PR systems

Module 4 (10 hours)
Linear Phase Perfect Reconstruction (LPPR) Filter Banks: Necessary conditions for linear phase property; Lattice
structures for LPPR FIR QMF banks - Synthesis, M-channel LPPR filter bank, Quantization effects - Types of
quantization effects in filter banks - Implementation - Coefficient sensitivity effects, round off noise and limit
cycles, dynamic range and scaling.

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. P. P. Vaidyanathan, Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, Prentice Hall, PTR, 1993.
2. N. J. Fliege, Multirate Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley, 1994.
3. Sanjit K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing: A Computer based Approach,3
rd
Edition,McGraw Hill, 2001.
4. R. E. Crochiere, L. R. Rabiner, Multirate Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall Inc, 1983.
5. Fredric J Harris, Multirate signal Processing For Communication Systems, 1
st
Edition, Pearson Education
6. John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications
3rd Edn. Prentice Hall India, 1999.


















80
EC 3040: DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

L T P C
3 0 0 3

Module 1 (8 hrs)
Digital image representation: Basic ideas in digital image processing: problems and applications - Image
representation and modeling Sampling and quantization - Basic relationships between pixels - Two dimensional
systems - shift in variant linear systems - Separable functions; 2-D convolution; 2-D correlation.
Image perception - light, luminance, brightness and contrast - MTF of the visual system - visibility function -
monochrome vision models - image fidelity criteria - colour representation - colour matching and reproduction -
colour co-ordinate systems - colour difference measures - colour vision models.

Module 2 (8 hrs)
Image transforms: 2-D Discrete Fourier transform - properties; Walsh Hadamard, Discrete Cosine, Haar and Slant
transforms; The Hotelling transform. Matrix theory - block matrices and Kronecker products - Circulant matrix
formulation for complexity reduction; Algebraic methods - random fields - spectral density function -

Module 3 (10 hrs)
Image enhancement & Restoration: Image enhancement: Basic gray level transformations Histogram
processing: histogram equalization and modification - Spatial operations - Transforms operations - Multispectral
image enhancement - Colour image enhancement
Image restoration: Degradation model; Restoration in presence of noise only Estimating the degradation
function - Inverse _filtering - Wiener _filtering Constrained Least Squares filtering.

Module 4 (9 hrs)
Image compression: Fundamental concepts of image compression - Compression models - Information theoretic
perspective - Fundamental coding theorem Lossless Compression: Huffman Coding- Arithmetic coding Bit
plane coding Run length coding - Lossy compression: Transform coding Image compression standards.

Module 5 (7 hours)
Image segmentation: Detection of Discontinuities Edge linking and boundary Description: Local processing
Global processing Hough transform Thresholding Region based segmentation.

Reference:

1. R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education. II Ed.,2002
2. Jain A.K., "Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing,", Prentice-Hall, 1989.
3. Jae S. Lim, Two Dimensional Signal And Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1990.
4. Pratt W.K., "Digital Image Processing", John Wiley, 1991.
5. K. R. Castleman, .Digital image processing., Prentice Hall, 1995.
6. Netravalli A.N. & Hasbell B.G., "Digital Pictures-Representation Compression and Standards", Plenum
Press, New York, 1988.
7. Rosenfeld & Kak A.C., "Digital Picture Processing", Vol.1&2, Academic Press, 1982.












81
EC 4031: MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION

Pre-requisite: EC 2022


Module 1 (11 hours)
Satellites and orbits: Communication satellites Space-craft subsystems, payload repeater, antenna, attitude and
control systems, telemetry, tracking and command, power sub-system and thermal control. Orbital parameters,
satellite trajectory, period, geostationary satellites, non-geostationary constellations.

Module 2 (10 hours)
Earth stations and terrestrial links: Antenna and feed systems, satellite tracking system, amplifiers, fixed and
mobile satellite service earth stations. Terrestrial microwave links-line of sight transmission, Transmitters,
receivers and relay towers -distance considerations, Digital links.

Module 3 (11 hours)
Communication link design: Frequency bands used, antenna parameters, transmission equations, noise
considerations, link design, propagation characteristics of fixed and mobile satellite links, channel modeling, very
small aperture terminals, VSAT design issues.

Module 4 (10 hours)
Multiple access techniques: Frequency division multiple access, time division multiple access, code division
multiple access.

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. M Richharia: Satellite Communication Systems, (2nd. Ed.),Macmillan Press Ltd, 1999.
2. Dennis Roddy: Satellite Communications, 4
th
Ed; MGH, 2006
3. Robert M Gagliardi: Satellite Communication, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 2000
4. Tri T Ha: Digital Satellite Communication, MGH, 2008
5. George M. Kizer: Digital Microwave Communication, IEEE Press, 2010


















82
EC 4032: SPEECH PROCESSING

Pre Requisite: EC 3013



Module 1 (10 hours)
Digital models for the speech signal - mechanism of speech production - acoustic theory Portnoffs equations-
lossless tube models complete speech production model- digital models

Module 2 (10 hours)
Speech analysis:-linear prediction of speech - auto correlation - formulation of LPC equation - Solution of LPC
equations - Levinson Durbin algorithm - Levinson recursion - Schur algorithm - lattice formulations and solutions
PARCOR coefficients.

Module 3 (12 hours)
Speech synthesis - pitch extraction algorithms - Gold Rabiner pitch trackers autocorrelation pitch trackers -
voice/unvoiced detection - homomorphic speech processing homomorphic systems for convolution - complex
Cepstrums - pitch extraction using homomorphic speech processing.
Spectral analysis of speech - short time Fourier analysis STFT interpretations-filter bank summation method of
short time synthesis

Module 4 (10 hours)
Automatic speech recognition systems - isolated word recognition - connected word recognition -large vocabulary
word recognition systems - pattern classification - DTW, HMM - speaker recognition systems - speaker
verification systems - speaker identification Systems.
Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Rabiner L.R. & Schafer R.W., Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Prentice Hall Inc., 1978.
2. Thomas F. Quatieri, Discrete-time Speech Signal Processing: Principles and Practice Prentice Hall,
Signal Processing Series, 1
st
Edn., 2001.
3. OShaughnessy, D. Speech Communication, Human and Machine. John Wiley & Sons; 2
nd
Edn, 1999.
4. Deller, J., J. Proakis, and J. Hansen. Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals. Wiley-IEEE Press,
Reprint edition, 1999.
5. Owens F.J., Signal Processing of Speech, Macmillan New Electronics, 1993.
6. Saito S. & Nakata K., Fundamentals of Speech Signal Processing, Academic Press, Inc., 1985.
7. Papamichalis P.E., Practical Approaches to Speech Coding, Texas Instruments, Prentice Hall, 1987.
8. Rabiner L.R. & Gold, Theory and Applications of Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall of India,1975.
9. Jayant, N. S. and P. Noll. Digital Coding of Waveforms: Principles and Applications to Speech and
Video. Signal Processing Series, Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 2004.
10. Thomas Parsons, Voice and Speech Processing, McGraw Hill Series, 1986.
11. Chris Rowden, Speech Processing, McGraw-Hill International Limited, 1992.













83
EC 4033: WAVELET THEORY


Pre-requisites: EC 2014, EC 3013



Module 1 (12 Hours)
(1. a) Fourier and Sampling Theory: (6 hours)
Generalized Fourier theory, Fourier transform, Short-time(windowed) Fourier transform,Time-frequency analysis
- uncertainty relation, Fundamental notions of the theory of sampling.

(1. b) Theory of Frames: (6 hours)
Bases, Resolution of unity, Definition of frames, Geometrical considerations and the general notion of a frame,
Frame projector, Example - windowed Fourier frames.

Module 2 (12 hours)
(2. a) Wavelets: (6 hours)
The basic functions, Specifications, Admissibility conditions, Continuous wavelet trans- form (CWT), Wavelet
frames.

(2. b) The multiresolution analysis (MRA) of L2(R): (6 hours)
The MRA axioms, Construction of an MRA from scaling functions - The dilation equation and the wavelet
equation, Compactly supported orthonormal wavelet bases Necessary and sufficient conditions for
orthonormality.

Module 3 (12 hours)
(3.a) Construction of wavelets (1): (6 hours)
Regularity and selection of wavelets - Smoothness and approximation order Criteria for wavelet selection with
examples; Splines, Cardinal B-spline MRA, Subband filtering schemes, Compactly supported orthonormal
wavelet bases.

(3.b) Wavelet transform: (6 hours)
Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) - Wavelet decomposition and reconstruction of functions in L2(R), Fast
wavelet transform algorithms - Relation to filter banks, Wavelet packets - Representation of functions, Selection
of basis.

Module 4 (6 hours)
(4) Construction of wavelets (2): (6 hours)
Biorthogonality and biorthogonal basis, Biorthogonal system of wavelets - construction, The Lifting scheme.

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Stephen G. Mallat, \A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing" 2nd Edition Academic Press, 2000.
2. M. Vetterli, J. Kovacevic, \Wavelets and Subband Coding" Prentice Hall Inc, 1995.
3. Gilbert Strang and Truong Q. Nguyen, \Wavelets and Filterbanks" 2nd Edition Wellesley-Cambridge
Press,1998.
4. Gerald Kaiser, \A Friendly Guide to Wavelets" Birkhauser/Springer InternationalEdition, 1994, Indian
reprint 2005.
5. Mark A. Pinsky, \Introduction to Fourier Analysis and Wavelets"Brooks Cole Series in Advanced
Mathematics, 2002.
6. Christian Blatter, \Wavelets: A primer" A. K. Peters, Massachusetts, 1998.
7. M. Holschneider, \Wavelets: An Analysis Tool"Oxford Science Publications, 1998.
8. Ingrid Daubechies, \Ten Lectures on Wavelets" SIAM, 1990.



84
EC 4034: RF CIRCUITS


Module 1 (9 hours)
Characteristics of passive IC components at RF frequencies interconnects, resistors, capacitors, inductors and
transformers Transmission lines (6 hours)
Noise classical two-port noise theory, noise models for active and passive components (3 hours)

Module 2 (13 hours)
High frequency amplifier design zeros as bandwidth enhancers, shunt-series amplifier, f
T
doublers,
neutralization and unilateralization (6 hours)
Low noise amplifier design LNA topologies, power constrained noise optimization, linearity and large signal
performance (7 hours)

Module 3 (12 hours)
Mixers multiplier-based mixers, subsampling mixers, diode-ring mixers (5 hours)
RF power amplifiers Class A, AB, B, C, D, E and F amplifiers, modulation of power amplifiers, linearity
considerations (7 hours)

Module 4 (8 hours)
Oscillators & synthesizers describing functions, resonators, negative resistance oscillators, synthesis with static
moduli, synthesis with dithering moduli, combination synthesizers phase noise considerations.

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Thomas H. Lee, The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits, 2nd ed., Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press, 2004.
2. Behzad Razavi, RF Microelectronics, Prentice Hall, 1998.
3. A.A. Abidi, P.R. Gray, and R.G. Meyer, eds., Integrated Circuits for Wireless Communications, New York:
IEEE Press, 1999.
4. R. Ludwig and P. Bretchko, RF Circuit Design, Theory and Applications, Pearson, 2000.








85
EC 4035: HIGH SPEED DIGITAL CIRCUITS



Module 1 (10 hours)
Introduction to high-speed digital design: Frequency, time and distance - Capacitance and inductance effects -
High seed properties of logic gates - Speed and power -Modelling of wires -Geometry and electrical properties of
wires - Electrical models of wires - transmission lines - lossless LC transmission lines - lossy LRC transmission
lines - special transmission lines

Module 2 (10 hours)
Power distribution and noise: Power supply network - local power regulation - IR drops - area bonding - onchip
bypass capacitors - symbiotic bypass capacitors - power supply isolation - Noise sources in digital system - power
supply noise - cross talk - intersymbol interference

Module 3 (10 hours)
Signalling convention and circuits: Signalling modes for transmission lines -signalling over lumped transmission
media - signalling over RC interconnect - driving lossy LC lines - simultaneous bi-directional signalling -
terminations - transmitter and receiver circuits

Module 4 (12 hours)
Timing convention and synchronisation: Timing fundamentals - timing properties of clocked storage elements -
signals and events -open loop timing level sensitive clocking - pipeline timing - closed loop timing - clock
distribution - syncronisation failure and metastability - PLL and DLL based clock aligners

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. William S. Dally & John W. Poulton; Digital Systems Engineering, Cambridge University Press, 1998
2. Howard Johnson & Martin Graham; High Speed Digital Design: A Handbook of Black Magic, Prentice Hall
PTR, 1993
3. Masakazu Shoji; High Speed Digital Circuits, Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 1996
4. Jan M, Rabaey, et all; Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design perspective, Second Edition, 2003















86
EC 4036: ANTENNA THEORY



Pre-requisite: EC 2022



Module 1 (8 hours)
Antenna parameters: Radiation pattern, radiation power density, radiation intensity, directivity, gain, antenna
efficiency, half-power beamwidth, bandwidth, polarization, input impedance, radiation efficiency, vector effective
length and equivalent areas

Module 2 (12 hours)
Potentials and radiation fields: Retarded potentials, Lienard- Wiechert potentials for a moving charge, fields of a
moving point charge, electric dipole radiation, magnetic dipole radiation, radiation from an arbitrary source,
power radiated by a point charge, Duality theorem, Reciprocity theorem.

Module 3 (12 hours)
Antennas: Part-I: Monopole and Dipole antennas, linear dipole antenna arrays-Broadside and Endfire Arrays,
Binomial Array, Dolph-Tschebyscheff Array, loop antenna.
Antenna Synthesis- Schelkunoff polynomial method, Fourier transform method

Module 4 (10 hours)
Antennas: Part-II : Helical antenna, Yagi Uda antenna, parabolic antenna, Frequency independent antennas, RF
antennas Microstrip antenna, Fractal antenna
Smart Antennas- Principle, types, array design, antenna beamforming, direction-of-arrival algorithms, adaptive
beamforming.

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory-Analysis and Design, 3
rd
Ed; Wiley-India, 2010
2. John D. Kraus,Antennas, 2
nd
Ed; 1988, MGH
3. Robert S. Elliott, Antenna Theory and Design Wiley-India, 2007
4. W. L. Stutzman and G. A. Thiele, Antenna Theory and Design2
nd
Ed., Wiley, 1997
5. Frank Gross, Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications, MGH, 2005.
6. Jordan and Balmain: Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems, PHI, 1968













87
EC 4037: ANALOG MOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS



Pre-requisites: EC2013, EC2021 & EC 3011

Module 1 (8 hours)
Review of MOSFET operation, Threshold voltage, Drain current, Body bias effect, Channel length modulation,
Low frequency MOSFET model in saturation region, High frequency MOSFET model, Thermal noise and flicker
noise in MOS transistors, MOSFET active resistors, Voltage dividers

Module 2 (10 hours)
Current sources and sinks, Current mirror, Cascode connection, transient response, Matching considerations in
current mirrors, Wilson current mirror, Concept of current steering, Current source self biasing circuits, Threshold
voltage and thermal voltage referenced self biasing, Beta multiplier referenced self biasing, Start up circuits,
Bandgap referenced biasing, voltage references

Module 3 (12 hours)
Gate-Drain connected load, Current source load, Common source, Common drain and Common gate amplifiers,
Frequency response, Push pull amplifier, Cascode amplifier, MOS output stages, Class AB amplifier, Differential
amplifier and Operational transconductance amplifiers

Module 4 (12 hours)
Nonlinear analog circuits, CMOS comparator, Auto zeroing, Analog multiplier, Gilbert cell as multiplier,
MOSFET switch, Non ideal effects of MOSFET switch, Switched capacitor circuits, Switched capacitor
integrators, First order and second order switched capacitor filters, switch reduction in switched capacitor circuits

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1 R.J. Baker, H.W.Li and D.E.Boyce, CMOS CMOS Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation, Wiley-IEEE
Press, 2007
2 Gray, Hurst, Lewis and Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits, John Wiley & Sons,
Fourth Edition, 2005
3 Geiger, Allen and Strader, VLSI Design Techniques for Analog and Digital Circuits, Circuit Design,
McGRAW-Hill international Edition, 1990
4 Franco Maloberti, Analog Design for VLSI System, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001
5 Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuit, Tata-Mc GrawHill, 2002
6 Philip Allen & Douglas Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2002













88
EC 4038: HIGH SPEED SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES





Module 1 (6 hours)
Important parameters governing the high speed performance of devices and circuits: Transit time of charge
carriers, junction capacitances, ON-resistances and their dependence on the device geometry and size, carrier
mobility, doping concentration and temperature; important parameters governing the high power performance of
devices and circuits: Break down voltage, resistances, device geometries, doping concentration and temperature

Module 2 (16 hours)
Materials properties:
Merits of III V binary and ternary compound semiconductors (GaAs, InP, InGaAs, AlGaAs, SiC, GaN etc.),
different SiC structures, silicon-germanium alloys and silicon carbide for high speed devices, as compared to
silicon based devices, outline of the crystal structure, dopants and electrical properties such as carrier mobility,
velocity versus electric field characteristics of these materials, electric field characteristics of materials and device
processing techniques, Band diagrams, homo and hetro junctions, electrostatic calculations, Band gap
engineering, doping, Material and device process technique with these III-V and IV IV semiconductors,

Module 3 (8 hours)
Metal semiconductor contacts and Metal Insulator Semiconductor and MOS devices: Native oxides of Compound
semiconductors for MOS devices and the interface state density related issues. Metal semiconductor contacts,
Schottky barrier diode, Metal semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MESFETs): Pinch off voltage and threshold
voltage of MESFETs. D.C. characteristics and analysis of drain current. Velocity overshoot effects and the related
advantages of GaAs, InP and GaN based devices for high speed operation. Sub threshold characteristics, short
channel effects and the performance of scaled down devices.

Module 4 (12 hours)
High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMT): Hetero-junction devices. The generic Modulation Doped
FET(MODFET) structure for high electron mobility realization. Principle of operation and the unique features of
HEMT, InGaAs/InP HEMT structures: Hetero junction Bipolar transistors (HBTs): Principle of operation and the
benefits of hetero junction BJT for high speed applications. GaAs and InP based HBT device structure and the
surface passivation for stable high gain high frequency performance. SiGe HBTs and the concept of strained layer
devices; High Frequency resonant tunneling devices, Resonant-tunneling hot electron transistors

Reference:

1. C.Y. Chang, F. Kai, GaAs High-Speed Devices: Physics, Technology and Circuit Applications Wiley
2. Cheng T. Wang, Ed., Introduction to Semiconductor Technology: GaAs and Related Compounds, John Wiley
& Sons,
3. David K. Ferry, Ed., Gallium Arsenide Technology, Howard W. Sams & Co., 1985
4. Avishay Katz, Indium Phosphide and Related materials: Processing, Technology and Devices, Artech House,
1992.
5. S.M. Sze, High Speed Semiconductor Devices, Wiley (1990) ISBN 0-471-62307-5
6. Ralph E. Williams, Modern GaAs Processing Methods, Artech (1990), ISBN 0-89006-343-5,
7. Sandip Tiwari, Compound Semiconductor Device Physics, Academic Press (1991), ISBN 0-12-691740-X
8. G.A. Armstrong, C.K. Maiti, TCAD for Si, SiGe and GaAs Integrated Circuits, The Institution of Engineering
and Technology, London, United Kingdom, 2007,ISBN 978-0-86341-743-6.
9. Ruediger Quay, Gallium Nitride Electronics, Springer 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-71890-1, (Available on NITC
intranet in Springer eBook section)
10. Prof. Dr. Alessandro Birolini, Reliability Engineering Theory and PracticeSpringer 2007, ISBN-10 3-540-
40287-X, Available on NITC intranet in Springer eBook section)


L T P C
3 0 0 3
89

EC 4039: NANOELECTRONICS


Module 1 (8 hours)
Challenges going to sub-100 nm MOSFETs Oxide layer thickness, tunneling, power density, non-uniform
dopant concentration, threshold voltage scaling, lithography, hot electron effects, sub-threshold current, velocity
saturation, interconnect issues, fundamental limits for MOS operation.

Module 2 (10 hours)
Novel MOS-based devices Multiple gate MOSFETs, Silicon-on-insulator, Silicon-on-nothing, FinFETs, vertical
MOSFETs, strained Si devices

Module 3 (16 hours)
Quantum structures quantum wells, quantum wires and quantum dots, Single electron devices charge
quantization, energy quantization, Coulomb blockade, Coulomb staircase (8 hours)
Heterostructure based devices Type I, II and III heterojunctions, Si-Ge heterostructure, heterostructures of III-V
and II-VI compounds - resonant tunneling devices (diodes & transistors) (8 hours)

Module 4 (8 hours)
Carbon nanotubes based devices CNFET, characteristics (4 hours)
Spintronics - Spin-based devices spinFET, characteristics (4 hours)

Reference:
L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Mircea Dragoman and Daniela Dragoman: Nanoelectronics Principles & devices; Artech House
Publishers, 2005
2. Karl Goser: Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems: From Transistors to Molecular and Quantum Devices,
Springer 2005
3. Mark Lundstrom and Jing Guo: Nanoscale Transistors: Device Physics, Modeling and Simulation, Springer,
2005
4. Vladimir V Mitin, Viatcheslav A Kochelap and Michael A Stroscio: Quantum heterostructures; Cambridge
University Press, 1999
5. S M Sze (Ed): High speed semiconductor devices, Wiley, 1990














90

EC 4040: OPTO-ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS



Module 1 (13 hours)
Optical fiber fundamentals - Solution to Maxwells equation in a circularly symmetric step index optical fiber,
linearly polarized modes, single mode and multimode fibers, concept of V number, graded index fibers, total
number of guided modes (no derivation), polarization maintaining fibers, attenuation mechanisms in fibers,
dispersion in single mode and multimode fibers, dispersion shifted and dispersion flattened fibers, attenuation and
dispersion limits in fibers, Kerr nonlinearity, self phase modulation, combined effect of dispersion and self phase
modulation, nonlinear Schrodinger equation (no derivation), fundamental soliton solution

Module 2 (8 hours)
Optical sources - LED and laser diode, principles of operation, concepts of line width, phase noise, switching and
modulation characteristics typical LED and LD structures.

Module 3 (9 hours)
Optical detectors - PN detector, pin detector, avalanche photodiode Principles of operation, concepts of
responsivity, sensitivity and quantum efficiency, noise in detection, typical receiver configurations (high
impedance and transimpedance receivers). (9 hours)

Module 4 (12 hours)
Optical amplifiers Semiconductor amplifier, rare earth doped fiber amplifier (with special reference to erbium
doped fibers), Raman amplifier, Brillouin amplifier principles of operation, amplifier noise, signal to noise ratio,
gain, gain bandwidth, gain and noise dependencies, intermodulation effects, saturation induced crosstalk,
wavelength range of operation. (12 hours)


Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Leonid Kazovsky, Sergio Benedetto and Alan Willner: `Optical Fiber Communication Systems, Artech
House, 1996.
2. G.P.Agrawal: `Nonlinear Fiber Optics, 3
rd
Ed; Academic Press, 2004.
3. G.P.Agrawal : Fiber optic communication systems, 3
rd
Ed; Wiley-Interscience, 2002.













91
EC 4041: COMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS

Pre-requisite: EC 3012



Module 1 (10 hours)
Electronic switching systems: basics of a switching system - stored program control centralized SPC and
distributed SPC, space division switching strictsense non-blocking switches - re-arrangeable networks Clos,
Slepian-Duguid, Paulls Theorems - Synchronous transfer mode- asynchronous transfer mode - time division
switching TSI operation.

Module 2 (12 hours)
Multi stage switching networks: Two dimensional switching, Multi-stage time and space switching,
implementation complexity of the switches - blocking probability analysis of multistage switches lee
approximation - improved approximate analysis of blocking switch - examples of digital switching systems (eg:
AT & T No.5 ESS)

Module 3 (12 hours)
Traffic Analysis: traffic measurements, arrival distributions, Poisson process, holding/service time distributions,
loss systems, lost calls cleared Erlang-B formula, lost calls cleared model with finite sources, delay systems,
Littles theorem, Erlang-C formula , M/G/1 model, non-preemptive priority models.

Module 4 (8 hours)
Signaling: customer line signaling - outband signaling - inband signaling - PCM signaling - inter register signaling
- common channel signaling principles-CCITT signaling system No: 7 - signaling system performance.
Introduction to ATM switching Fast packet switching self routing switches Banyan network ATM switches
Design of typical switches.

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. John C. Bellamy, Digital Telephony, Third edition, Wiley Inter Science Publications, 2000
2. Schwartz M., Telecommunication Networks - Protocols, Modeling and Analysis, Pearson Education, 2004
3. Joseph Y Hui, Switching and Traffic Theory for Integrated Broadband Networks, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1990.
4. Viswanathan T., Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd,
1992
5. Flood J.E., Telecommunications Switching Traffic and Networks, Pearson Education Pvt.Ltd,2001
6. C.Dhas, V.K.Konangi and M.Sreetharan, Broadband Switching, architectures, protocols, design and
analysis, IEEE Computer society press, J. Wiely & Sons INC, 1991
7. Freeman R.L., Telecommunication System Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 1989
8. Das J, Review of Digital Communication 'State of the Art' in Signalling Digital Switching and Data
Networks, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.










92
EC 4042: RADAR ENGINEERING

Pre requisites: EC 2022, EC 2024



Module1 (10 hours)
Introduction-Radar Equation-Block diagram-Radar frequencies- Applications- Prediction of range performance
Pulse Repetition Frequency and Range ambiguities Antenna parameters-System losses

Module 2 (12 hours)
CW Radar-The Doppler Effect- FM-CW radar- Multiple frequency radar MTI Radar- Principle- Delay line
cancellors- Staggered PRF Range gating- Noncoherent MTI-Pulse Doppler radar- Tacking Radar Sequential
lobbing-Conical Scan- Monopulse Acquisition

Module 3 (10 hours)
Radar Transmitters- Modulators-Solid state transmitters, Radar Antennas- Parabolic-Scanning feed-Lens-
Radomes, Electronically steered phased array antenna-Applications, Receivers-Displays-Duplexers

Module 4 (10 hours)
Detection of Radar signals in noise Matched filter criterion-detection criterion Extraction of information and
waveform design, Propagation of radar waves Radar clutter
Special purpose radars-Synthetic aperture radar- HF and over the horizon radar- Air surveillance radar- Height
finder and 3D radars Bistatic radar-Radar Beacons- Radar Jamming and Electronic Counters .

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Introduction to Radar Systems Merrill I. Skolnik, 3rd Edition, MacGraw Hill, 2002.
2. Radar Handbook -Merril I.Skolnik , McGraw Hill Publishers, 1990
3. Radar Principles for the Non-Specialist, by J. C. Toomay, Paul Hannen SolTech Publishers, 2004
4. Radar systems- Merril I.Skolnik, McGraw Hill Publishers, 2005.

















93
EC 4043: CRYPTOGRAPHY: THEORY AND PRACTICE




Module 1 (12 hours)
Divisibility Prime numbers Euclidean Algorithm Diophantine equations - Congruence Euler function -
Fermats little theorem Euler theorem - Groups and fields - Polynomial ring Field extension

Module 2 (11 hours)
Classical Cryptography Substitution and Transposition Cipher Modern Cryptographic Techniques Private
Key Cryptosystems Block cipher Standards Data Encryption Standard AES Linear and differential
cryptanalysis

Stream cipher Key stream generators Linear feed back shift registers and sequences RC4 cryptosystem
Attacks on LFSR based stream ciphers

Module 3 (11 hours)
Public key cryptosystems One way functions Factorization problem RSA crypto system Discrete logarithm
problem Elgamal crypto system Key management Diffie Hellmann key exchange Elliptic curves
arithmetic cryptographic applications of elliptic curves

Module 4 (8 hours)
Message authentication requirements Hash function features of MD5 and SHA algorithms Security of Hash
function Message Authentication Codes Digital Signatures Elgamal DSA Applications of authentication
Electronic mail security PGP Secret sharing

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Douglas A. Stinson, Cryptography, Theory and Practice, Chapman & Hall, CRC Press Company,
Washington, Second Edn., 2002
2. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, Pearson Education, Second Edn., 2000.
3. Lawrence C. Washington, Elliptic Curves, Chapman & Hall, CRC Press Company, Washington., 2003
4. David S. Dummit, Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, John Wiley & Sons, 3
rd
Edn., 2003
5. Evangelos Kranakis, Primality and Cryptography, John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
6. Rainer A. Ruppel, Analysis and Design of Stream Ciphers , Springer-Verlag,1986














94
EC 4044: OPTO-ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND SYSTEMS



Module 1 (10 hours)
Optical processes in semiconductors electron hole recombination, absorption, Franz-Keldysh effect, Stark effect,
quantum confined Stark effect, deep level transitions, Auger recombination

Module 2 (8 hours)
Lasers threshold condition for lasing, line broadening mechanisms, axial and transverse laser modes,
heterojunction lasers, distributed feedback lasers, quantum well lasers, tunneling based lasers, modulation of
lasers

Module 3 (8 hours)
Optical detection PIN, APD, modulated barrier photodiode, Schottky barrier photodiode, wavelength selective
detection, microcavity photodiodes.

Module 4 (8 hours)
Optoelectronic modulation - Franz-Keldysh and Stark effect modulators, quantum well electro-absorption
modulators, electro-optic modulators, quadratic electro-optic effect quantum well modulators, optical switching
and logic devices

Module 5 (8 hours)
Optoelectronic ICs hybrid and monolithic integration, materials and processing, integrated transmitters and
receivers, guided wave devices

Reference:

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Pallab Bhattacharya: Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices, 2
nd
Ed; Pearson Education, 2002
2. Amnon Yariv & Pochi Yeh Photonics: Optical Electronics in modern communication, 6
th
Ed; Oxford Univ.
Press, 2006
3. Fundamentals of Photonics : B E Saleh and M C Teich, Wiley-Interscience; 1991
















95
EC 4045: SIGNAL COMPRESSION



Pre-Requisites: EC 3013, EC 3022

Module 1 (9 hours)
Compression Techniques Lossless and Lossy Compression Modeling and Coding Mathematical
Preliminaries for Lossless Compression Huffman Coding Minimum Variance Huffman Codes Extended
Huffman Coding Adaptive Huffman Coding Arithmetic Coding Application of Huffman and Arithmetic
Coding, Golomb Codes, Run Length Coding, Tunstall Codes

Module 2 (9 hours)
Dictionary Techniques Static Dictionary Adaptive Dictionary- LZ77, LZ78, LZW - Applications Predictive
Coding Prediction with Partial Match Burrows Wheeler Transform Sequitur- Lossless Compression
Standards (files, text, and images, faxes), Dynamic Markov Compression

Module 3 (12 hours)
Mathematical Preliminaries for Lossy Coding Rate distortion theory: Motivation; The discrete rate distortion
function R(D); Properties of R(D); Calculation of R(D); R(D) for the binary source, and the Gaussian
source,Source coding theorem (Rate distortion theorem); Converse source coding theorem (Converse of the Rate
distortion theorem) - Design of Quantizers: Scalar Quantization Uniform & Non-uniform Adaptive
Quantization Vector Quantization Linde Buzo Gray Algorithm Tree Structured Vector Quantizers Lattice
Vector Quantizers Differential Encoding Schemes.

Module 4 (12 hours)
Mathematical Preliminaries for Transforms , Subbands, and Wavelets Karhunen Loeve Transform, Discrete
Cosine Transform, Discrete Sine Transform, Discrete Walsh Hadamard Transform Transform coding - Subband
coding Wavelet Based Compression Analysis/Synthesis Schemes Speech, Audio, Image and Video
Compression Standards.

Reference :

L T P C
3 0 0 3
1. Khalid Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers., Second Edn., 2005.
2. David Salomon, Data Compression: The Complete Reference, Springer Publications, 4
th
Edn., 2006.
3. Toby Berger, Rate Distortion Theory: A Mathematical Basis for Data Compression, Prentice Hall, Inc.,
1971.
4. K.R.Rao, P.C.Yip, The Transform and Data Compression Handbook, CRC Press., 2001.
5. R.G.Gallager, Information Theory and Reliable Communication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1968.
6. Ali N. Akansu, Richard A. Haddad, Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: Transforms, Subbands and
Wavelets, Academic Press., 1992
7. Martin Vetterli, Jelena Kovacevic, Wavelets and Subband Coding, Prentice Hall Inc., 1995.










96

EC 4046: MICROWAVE DEVICES & CIRCUITS
Pre-requisite: EC 2022


Module 1 (10 hours)
Modal analysis of rectangular and circular metallic waveguides TE and TM modes, guide wavelength, cut-off,
mode excitation, re-entrant cavity, Microwave Resonators analysis, Q factor of resonators, Strip lines and
microstrip lines analysis, filter implementation with transmission lines and strip lines

Module 2 (8 hours)
Passive microwave components S matrix formalism, directional coupler, waveguide tees, isolator, circulator,
phase shifter, impedance matching single stub and double stub.

Module 3 (16 hours)
Vacuum tube microwave devices Klystron - velocity modulation and bunching, Reflex klystron, traveling wave
tube - slow wave structure and Brillouin diagram. (8 hours)
Semiconductor microwave devices tunnel diode, Gunn diode, IMPATT diode, TRAPATT diode, heterojunction
bipolar transistors principle, characteristics, noise figure (8 hours)

Module 4 (8 hours)
Low noise microwave amplifiers and oscillators masers stimulated emission, noise figure, parametric
amplifiers Manley Rowe relations, up, down and negative resistance parametric amplifier.


Reference:

1. Rajeshwari Chatterji: Microwave, Millimeter wave and sub-millimeter wave vacuum electron devices,
Affiliated East - West Press, 1994
2. R E Collin: Foundations for Microwave Engineering, Second Ed, IEEE-Wiley, 2000
3. David M Pozar: Microwave Engineering, Third edition, John Wiley, 2004
4. A S Gilmour: Microwave Tubes, Artech House, 1986
5. P A Rizzi: Microwave Engineering, Prentice Hall, 1988.
6. Sigfrid Yngyesson: Microwave Semiconductor Devices, Kluwer Academic, 1991.
7. Stephen C. C. Harsany: `Principles of Microwave Technology, Prentice Hall, 1997
8. P. Bhartia & I. J. Bahl, Millimetre Wave Engineering and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.



















L T P C
3 0 0 3
97

EC 4047: ADVANCED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

L T P C
3 0 0 3

Module 1 (10 hours)
Capacity of Parallel AWGN Channels Capacity of Fading Channels - Frequency Selective Channels - Ergodic
and Outage capacity - Channel State Information at Transmitter and Receiver - Capacity MIMO Flat Fading
Channel Dirty Paper Coding.

Module 2 (11hours)
Fundamentals of MIMO communication - Diversity and Spatial Multiplexing Aspects - Uncoded Transmission
with ML Detection, ZF Filtering, and MMSE Filtering - VBLAST, and DBLAST Detectors - Alamouti Space-
Time Code Codes for Large Number of Transmit Antennas.

Module 3 (10 hours)
Multiple Access Techniques Space Division Multiple Access - OFDMA - Combination of MIMO with Multiple
Access Techniques - Analysis of Performance and Comparison - Applications in 3
rd
and 4
th
Generation Systems

Module 4 (10 hours)
Cooperative Communication Wireline and Wireless Network Models Cooperative Strategies and Rates
Network Capacity AF, CF and DF - Network Coding 2 Way Relaying Cooperative Diversity.

Reference:

1. D. Tse, P. Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
2. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
3. Gerhard Cramer et. al, Cooperative Communications (Foundations and Trends in Networking), Now
Publishers Inc, 2007



























98
EC 4048: SIGNAL ESTIMATION & DETECTION


L T P C
3 0 0 3

Module 1(10 hours)
Fundamentals of Estimation Theory: Role of Estimation in Signal Processing, Unbiasedness, Minimum variance
unbiased(MVU) estimators, Finding MVU Estimators, Cramer-Rao Lower Bound, Linear Modeling-Examples.

Module 2 (15 hours)
Estimation Techniques: Deterministic Parameter Estimation - Least Squares Estimation-Batch Processing,
Recursive Least Squares Estimation, Matrix Inversion Lemma, Best Linear Unbiased Estimation, Likelihood and
Maximum Likelihood Estimation (8 Hrs)
Random Parameter Estimation: Bayesian Philosophy, Multivariate Gaussian Random Variables, Minimum Mean
Square Error Estimator (3 Hrs)
State Estimation: Overview of State-Space Modeling, Prediction, Single Stage Predictors, Filtering, The Kalman
Filter (4 Hrs)

Module 3 (10 hours)
Fundamentals of Detection Theory: Hypothesis Testing - General Modeling of Binary Hypothesis Testing
Problem, Bayes Detection, MAP Detection, ML Detection, Minimum Probability of Error Criterion, Min-Max
Criterion, Neyman-Pearson Criterion, Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves, Basics of Multiple Hypothesis
Testing.

Module 4 (7 hours)
Detection of Signals in White Gaussian Noise (WGN): Binary Detection of Known Signals in WGN, M-ary
Detection of Known Signals in WGN, Matched Filter Approach, Detection of signals with Random Parameters

Reference:

1. Steven M. Kay, Statistical Signal Processing: Vol. 1: Estimation Theory, Vol. 2: Detection Theory,"
Prentice Hall Inc., 1998.
2. Jerry M. Mendel, Lessons in Estimation Theory for Signal Processing, Communication and Control,"
Prentice Hall Inc., 1995
3. Ralph D. Hippenstiel, Detection Theory- Applications and Digital Signal Processing, CRC Press, 2002.
4. Monson H. Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modelling," Wiley India Edn., 2010
5. Harry L. Van Trees, Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory, Part 1 and 2," John Wiley & Sons Inc.
1968.
6. Bernard C. Levy, Principles of Signal Detection and Parameter Estimation, Springer, New York, 2008.
7. Neel A. Macmillan and C. Douglas Creelman, Detection Theory: A User's Guide (Sec. Edn.) Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates Publishers, USA, 2004.















99
EC 4049: ARCHITECTURE OF ADVANCED PROCESSORS




Pre requisites: EC 3019, EC 3021


Module 1 (8 hours)
Fundamentals: Technology trend -Performance measurement Comparing and summarizing performance-
quantitative principles of computer design Amdahls law-Case studies. Principles of processor performance -
Processor performance optimization- Performance evaluation methods

Module 2 (10 hours)
Features of advanced Intel processors: Enhancements of 80386 and Pentium -Hardware Features, PVAM,-
Memory management unit-Virtual Memory and concepts of cache -32 bit programming

Module 3 (14 hours)
Instruction and thread level parallelism: Instruction level parallelism and concepts - - Limitations of ILP-
Multiprocessor and thread level parallelism- Pipelining: Issues and solutions- Instruction flow techniques -
Program control flow and control dependences
Module 4 (10 hours)
Superscalar and multi core techniques: General principles of superscalar architecture - -Basics ,Pipelining, The in-
order front end, The out-of-order core, The reorder buffer, Memory subsystem- Multi core processing facts and
figures - Virtualization concepts
Reference :

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1. John Shen and Mikko H Lipasti, Modern Processor Design: Fundamentals of Superscalar Processors,
McGraw Hill Publishers , 2005
2. Lyla B.Das, The x86 Microprocessors, Architecture, Programming and Interfacing Pearson Education, 2010
3. Hennessy J. L. & Patterson D. A., Computer Architecture: A Quantitative approach, 4/e, Elsevier
Publications, 2007.
4. Patterson D. A. & Hennessy J. L., Computer Organisation and Design: The Hardware/ Software Interface,
3/e, Elsevier Publishers, 2007
5. Jurij Silc, Borut Robic, Th Ungerer: Processor Architecture: From Dataflow to Superscalar and
Beyond. Springer-Verlag, June 1999




















100
EC 4050: RADIATION AND PROPAGATION

Pre-requisite: EC2022




Module 1 (11 hours)
Some types of practical radiating systems Field and power calculations with currents assumed on the antenna -
electric and magnetic dipole radiators - Radiation patters and antenna gain - radiation resistance antennas above
earth or conducting plane traveling wave on a straight wire V and rhombic antennas methods of feeding wire
antennas

Module 2 (12 hours)
Radiation from fields over an aperture fields as sources of radiation Plane wave sources Examples of
radiating apertures excited by plane waves electromagnetic horns arrays of elements radiation intensity with
superposition of effects array of two half-wave dipoles linear arrays - Yagi - Uda arrays frequency-
independent arrays

Module 3 (7 hours)
Antenna temperature - signal-to-noise ratio radar and radar cross section far field, near field and Fourier
transform receiving antennas and reciprocity reciprocity relations

Module 4 (12 hours)
Effect of earths conductivity on antenna pattern, effect of earths conductivity and shape on surface wave
propagation, effect of earths magnetic field on EM waves in ionosphere, plasma and cyclotron frequencies, skip
distance, maximum usable frequency

Reference:

1. Simon Ramo, John R Whinnery, and Theodore Van Duzer, Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics,
John Wiley and Sons, Third Edition, 2003.
2. John D. Kraus and Daniel A. Fleisch, Electromagnetics with Applucations, McGraw-Hill, Fifth Edition, 1999.
3. C A Balanis: Antenna Theory, John Wiley, Second Edition, 2003.
4. J D Krauss: Antennas, Tata McGraw Hill, Third Edition, 2002.
5. David J Griffiths: Introduction to Electrodynamics, Third edition, PHI, 2007.
6. Jordan and Balmain: Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems, PHI, Second Edition, PHI, 2002.

















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101
EC 4051: ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION





Module 1 (14 hours)
Measurement of voltage, current, power, noise, resistance, capacitance, inductance, time, frequency, charge and
pulse energy

Module 2 (7 hours)
Designing for EMC - EMC regulations, typical noise path, methods of noise coupling, methods of reducing
interference in electronic systems.

Module 3 (7 hours)
Capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, effect of shield on capacitive and inductive coupling, effect of shield on
magnetic coupling, magnetic coupling between shield and inner conductor, shielding to prevent magnetic
radiation, shielding a receptor against magnetic fields, shielding properties of various cable configurations, coaxial
cable versus shielded twisted pair, braided shields, ribbon cables

Module 4 (7 hours)
Safety grounds, signal grounds, single-point ground systems, multipoint-point ground systems, hybrid grounds,
functional ground layout, practical low frequency grounding, hardware grounds, grounding of cable shields,
ground loops, shield grounding at high frequencies, guarded instruments.

Module 5 (7 hours)
Protection Against Electrostatic Discharges: Static generation, human body model, static discharge, ESD
protection in equipment design


Reference:
1. Electronic Instrument handbook: Clyde F Jr Coombs, Amazon, 1999
2. Joseph J. Carr: Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements, 3rd Ed, Prentice Hall, 1995
3. Kim R. Fowler: Electronic Instrument Design, Oxford University Press, 1996.
4. Henry W.Ott : Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems, 2nd Ed; John Wiley & Sons, 1988.






















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102

EC 4052: STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE MEMORIES

Prerequisite: EC2013 or equivalent



Module 1 (10 hours)

Review of MOS based devices, band diagrams, threshold voltage, body bias effect, drain current and gate current
characteristics, subthreshold slope, hot electron effect, various leakages in a MOSFET, tunneling phenomenon,
direct tunneling, Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, direct band to band tunneling, SOI MOSFET, PDSOI, FDSOI,
current characteristics, Classification of memories

Module 2 (10 hours)
Volatile memories: SRAM, functionality, architecture, timing diagrams, performance and timing specifications,
Low voltage SRAMs, SOI SRAMs, Content addressable memories (CAM), 3-transistor DRAM, 1 transistor
DRAM , functionality, architecture, timing diagrams, performance and timing specifications, sense amplifier,
word line driver, leakage mechanisms in a DRAM, retention, retention time calculations

Module 3 (10 hours)
Non volatile memories: FLASH Memories, floating gate theory, structure and working of a SONOS cell, structure
and working FLOTOX Memories, multi level flash memories, NOR based flash memories, NAND based flash
memories

Module 4 (5 hours)
SOI Based RAM: Parasitic BJTs in a SOI, Z-RAM, Thyristor RAM

Module V (7 hours)
Non silicon based memories: PCRAM, MRAM, FeRAM, array device considerations for non silicon based
memories

Reference:

1. Ashok K. Sharma, Semiconductor Memories: Technology, Testing and Reliability, Wiley IEEE Press, 1997,
ISBN 0780310004
2. Ashok K. Sharma, Advanced Semiconductor Memories: Architectures, Design and Applications, 2003, Wiley-
IEEE Press, ISBN 0471208132
3. William D. Brown, Joe Brewer, Nonvolatile Semiconductor Memory Technology: A Comprehensive Guide to
Understanding and Using NVSM Devices, Wiley-IEEE Press, 1997, ISBN: 978-0-7803-1173-2
4. Ehrenfried Zschech, Caroline Whelan and Thomas Mikolajick, Materials for Information Technology Devices,
Interconnects and Packaging, Springer, ,2005 available online (NIT Calicut intranet) at
http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-85233-941-8/contents/
5. Joe Brewer, Nonvolatile Memory Technologies with Emphasis on Flash: A Comprehensive Guide to
Understanding and Using Flash Memory Devices, Manzur Gill, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2008, ISBN: 978-0-471-
77002-2
6. Jean-Pierre Colinge, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, eBook ISBN: 0-
306-47622-3, Print ISBN: 1-4020-7018-7, access online at (NITC intranet)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-4020-7018-1/
7. Jean-Pierre Colinge, FinFETs and Other Multi-Gate Transistors Springer, 2008, ISBN 978-0-387-71751-7 e-
ISBN 978-0-387-71752-4, http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-0-387-71751-7/contents/
8. Amara Amara and Olivier Rozeau, Planar Double-Gate Transistor, From Technology to Circuit, Springer,
2009, ISBN 978-1-4020-9327-2,e-ISBN 978-1-4020-9341-8, http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-
4020- 9327-2/contents/
9. Y. Taur and T.H. Ning, Fundamentals of Modern VLSI DevicesCambridge University Press, 1998, ISBN: 0-
521-55959-6

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103
EC 4053: RELIABILITY OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

Prerequisites: EC2013 or equivalent




Module 1 (8 hours)
Introduction to Reliability Physics, Reliability definition, dielectrics, critical field in a dielectric, generation and
recombination of carriers, life time of carriers, diffusion length, Types of Defects in a Semiconductor, Avalanche
break down, Zener break down, MOSFET scaling, Hot electron effect, velocity saturation, GIDL, Mathematics
of Reliability: Weibull statistics, PDF

Module 2 (8 hours)
Kinetics of Negative Bias Temperature Instability: Stress Phase, NBTI: Relaxation, Freq. Independence, and Duty
Cycle Dependence, Field Acceleration of Negative Bias Temperature Instability, Dispersive vs. Arrhenius
Diffusion, Circuit Implications of NBTI

Module 3 (8 hours)
Scaling Theory of Hot Carrier Degradation, Voltage Dependence of Trap Generation: Lucky Electron Model, On-
State Hot Carrier Degradation, Off-State Hot Carrier Degradation , Characterization of Interface Traps,
Subthreshold and linear drain current Measurements, Charge-pumping, DC-IV, and GIDL Techniques for
Interface Traps, Spin-Dependent Recombination

Module 4 (12 hours)
Breakdown mechanisms of thick dielectrics and thin dielectrics, Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown, Kinetics
of Trap Generation, Field-dependence of TDDB, Statistics of Oxide Breakdown: Cell percolation model, Theory
of Soft and Hard Breakdown, Statistics of Soft-breakdown by Markov Chain, Measurement Techniques: VT,
SILC, QY, and Floating Probe, TDDB and Circuits, Theory of Thick dielectrics, Spatial and Temporal
Characteristics of dielectric breakdown, Theory of Radiation Damage, Sources of radiation flux and its
characteristics, Soft error due to radiation effects, Radiation and hard errors, Radiation, error correction, Stress
migration, Electro migration

Module 5 (6 hours)
Introduction to Electro static discharge (ESB), human body model, machine model, methods to contain ESD

Reference:

1. Y. Taur and T.H. Ning, Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices Cambridge University Press, 1998, ISBN: 0-
521-55959-6
2. R.F. Pierret, Semiconductor Device Fundamentals, Addison-Wesley, 1996, ISBN: ISBN 0-201-54393-1
3. D. K. Schroder, Semiconductor Material and Device Characterization, John Wiley and Sons, 1996, ISBN: 0-
471-73906-5
4. Steven H. Voldman, ESD: Physics and Devices 2004, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBN: 0-470-84753-0
5. Jean-Pierre Colinge, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, eBook ISBN: 0-
306-47622-3, Print ISBN: 1-4020-7018-7, access online at (NITC intranet)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-4020-7018-1/











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104

EC 4054: SILICON ON INSULATOR AND ADVANCED MOSFET BASED
STRUCTURES

Prerequisite: EC2013 or equivalent



Module 1 (11 hours)
Review of MOS device: band diagrams, drain current and subthreshold characteristics, drain conductance,
transconductance, substrate bias, mobility, low field mobility, high field mobility, mobility various models,
scaling of MOSFET, short channel and narrow channel MOSFET, high-k gate dielectrics, ultra shallow junctions,
source and drain resistance

Module 2 (15 hours)
The SOI MOSFE: comparison of capacitances with bulk MOSFET, PD and FD SOI devices, short channel
effects, current-voltage characteristics: Lim&Fossum model and C- model, transconductance, impact ionization
and high field effects: Kink effect and Hot-carrier degradation, Floating body and parasitic BJT effects, self
heating

Module 3 (8 hours)
Multiple gate SOI MOSFETs: double gate, FINFET, triple gate, triple-plus gate, GAA, device characteristics,
short channel effects, threshold effect, volume inversion, mobility, FINFET

Module 4 (8 hours)
Physical view of nano scale MOSFET, Nators theory of the ballistic MOSFET, role of quantum capacitance,
scattering theory, MOSFET physics in terms of scattering, transmission coefficient under low and high drain
biases, silicon nano wires, evaluation of the I-V characteristics, I-V characteristics of non-degenerate and
degenerate carrier statistics

Reference:

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3 0 0 3
1. Jean-Pierre Colinge, Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Kluwer Academic Publishers, eBook ISBN: 0-306-
47622-3, Print ISBN: 1-4020-7018-7, access online at (NITC intranet)
http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-4020-7018-1/
2. Y. Taur and T.H. Ning, Fundamentals of Modern VLSI DevicesCambridge University Press, 1998, ISBN: 0-
521-55959-6
3. Jean-Pierre Colinge, FinFETs and Other Multi-Gate Transistors Springer, 2008, ISBN 978-0-387-71751-7 e-
ISBN 978-0-387-71752-4, http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-0-387-71751-7/contents/
4. Amara and Olivier Rozeau, Planar Double-Gate Transistor, From Technology to Circuit, Springer, 2009,
ISBN 978-1-4020-9327-2,e-ISBN 978-1-4020-9341-8, http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-4020-
9327-2/contents/
5. Jean- Pierrie Colinge, Silicon-on-insulator Technology: Materials to VLSI Kluwer Academic publishers
group, 2004.


105