11148S51B/12148S51B

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

PRIST UNIVERSITY
11148S51B/12148S51B-NUMERICAL METHODS
(COMMON TO ECE,EEE,CIVIL,MECHANICAL)

SYLLABUS
Unit I

SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS

Linear interpolation methods (method of false position) - Newtons method - Statement of Fixed
Point Theorem - Fixed pointer iteration x=g(x) method - Solution of linear system of Gaussian
elimination and Gauss-Jordan methods - Iterative methods: Gauss Jacobi and Gauss Seidel
methods- Inverse of a matrix by Gauss-Jordan method. Eigen value of a matrix by power
methods.
Unit II

INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION

Lagrangian Polynomials - Divided difference - Interpolation with a cubic spline - Newton

forward and backward difference formulae.
UNIT III

NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION

Derivatives from difference table - Divided difference and finite difference - Numerical
integration by Trapezoidal and Simpsons 1/3 and 3/8 rules - Rombergs method - Two and three
point Gaussian quadrature formulas - Double integrals using trapezoidal and Simpsons rules.
UNIT IV

INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS

Single step Methods : Taylor Series and methods - Euler and Modified Euler methods - Fourth
order Runge-Kutta method for solving first and second order equations - Multistep methods
Milnes and Adams predictor and corrector methods.
UNIT V

BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

Finite difference solution for the second order ordinary differential equations. Finite difference
solution for one dimensional heat equation by implict and explict methods - one dimensional
wave equation and two dimensional Laplace and Poisson equations.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Gerald, C.F, and Wheatley, P.O, Applied Numerical Analysis, Sixth Edition, Pearson
Education Asia, New Delhi.2002.
2. Balagurusamy, E., Numerical Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. Ltd., New Delhi,
1999.
REFERENCES
1.

Kandasamy, P.Thilakavthy, K and Gunavathy, K. Numerical Methods, S.Chand and Co.

New Delhi.1999

11148S51B/12148S51B

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

PRIST UNIVERSITY
NUMERICAL METHODS
11148S51B/12148S51B
(COMMON TO ECE,EEE,CIVIL,MECHANICAL)
(Students admitted on 2011 onwards)
Unit I
SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS
Part A (2 marks)
1. Write the iterative formula of Newton Raphson method.
2. What is the order of convergences of Newton- Raphson method if the multiplicity of the root is one?
3. What is the condition for applying the fixed point iteration method to find the real root of the equation
x = f(x)?
4. What is the order of convergence for fixed point iteration?
5. In what form is the coefficient matrix transformed into when Ax =B is solved by Gauss Elimination
and Gauss Jordan methods.
6. For solving a linear system, compare Gaussian elimination method and Gauss Jordan method.
7. Write a sufficient condition for Gauss seidel method to converge.
8. Find the inverse of the coefficient matrix by Gauss Jordan elimination method
5 x 2 y 10;3 x 4 y 12

1 1
correct
9. Determine the largest eigen values and the corresponding eigen vector of the matrix
1 1
to two decimal places using power method.
10. Why Gauss Seidel method is a better method than Jacobis iterative method?

Part B
11.(i) Find the positive root between 0 & 1 of x 3 6 x 4 correct to two decimal places using NewtonRaphsons method.
(6)
(ii) Solve the system of equation using Gauss Jordan method.
x 3 y 3 z 16 ; x 4 y 3 z 18; x 3 y 4 z 19
(10)
x
12.(i)Solve e 3 x 0 by the method of fixed point iteration
(8)
2

(ii) Using Gauss Jordan method, find the inverse of the matrix 2
4

2
6
8

6
8

(8)

13.(i)Solve the equation x 3 x 2 100 0 for the positive root by iteration method.

(8)

(ii)Using Gauss Jordan method finds the inverse of A= 1

2

(8)

1
3
4

3
4

14.(i) Find an appropriate root of x cos x 0 by false position method

(ii) Using Gauss- Seidel method, solve the following equations

(8)

11148S51B/12148S51B

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

4 x 2 y z 14

(8)

x 5 y z 10
x y 8 z 20

15.( i) Compute the real root of x 3 4 x 1 0 correct to 4 decimal places using the method of false
position.
(8)
(ii) Solve the following system of equation by using Gauss Jacobi method.
8 x 3 y 2 z 20;4 x 11 y z 33;6 x 3 y 12 z 35
(8)
1

16. Find the numerically largest eigen value of A 4

6

3
4
3

1 by power method.
5

(16)

11148S51B/12148S51B

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

UNIT II
INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION

Part A (2 marks)
1.
2.
3.
4.

State Lagranges interpolation formula.

What advantage has the Lagranges formula over Newton ?
Give the inverse of Lagranges interpolation formula.
Form the divided difference table for the following data.
X
Y

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

2
5

5
29

10
109

State Newtons divided difference formula .

State Newtons forward difference formula .
State Newtons backward difference formula .
Write Bessels central difference formula.
Write Stirlings central difference formula.
What is cubic spline?

Part B
11.(i) Find y(2) in the following table using Lagranges interpolation

(8)

X:
0
1
3
4
Y:
0
1
81
256
(ii)Using Newtons divided difference formula find f(8) for
11
13
x
4
5
7
10
1210
2028
f(x)
48
100 294
900
12.( i). Find the missing value by Newtons divided difference formula.

(8)

X:
1
2
4
5
6
F(x): 14
15
5
9
(ii).Find y when x =46 and x =63 from the following data .
(8)
X:
45
50
55
60
65
Y:
114.84
96.16 83.32 74.48 68.48
13.( i). From the data given below, find the number of students whose weight is between 60 to 70 (8)
Weight in Ibs:0-40
40-60
60-80
80-100
100-120
No.of Students:250
120
100
70
50
(ii). From the following table find the value of tan(0.28)
(8)
x :
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
y :
0.1003
0.1511
0.2027
0.2553
0.3093

11148S51B/12148S51B

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

14.( i). From the following table estimate e0.644 correct five decimal places using Bessels formula. (8)
x: 0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
x
y:e :1.840431 1.858928 1.877610 1.896481 1.915541 1.934792
1.954237
(ii). Given the following table, find y(35) by using strilings formula
x:
20
30
40
y:
512
439
346

(8)
50
243

15.( i). Using stirling formula to find f(1.22)

x:
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
y:
0.841
0.891
0.932
0.963
(ii).From the following table, find y when x=0.5437 using Bessels formula
x:0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
y:0.5292 0.5379
0.5465
0.5549
0.5633

(8)
1.4
0.985
0.56
0.5716

(8)
0.57
0.5798

16.Obtain the cubic spline approximation for the function y = f(x) from the following data, given that
y 0'' y 3'' 0

x:
y:

(16)
-1
-1

0
1

1
3

2
35

11148S51B/12148S51B

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

UNIT III
NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION & INTEGRATION
Part A (2 marks)
2

1. Write the formula for

dy d y
,
at x x0 using forward difference operator.
dx dx 2

2. Using Newtons backward difference formula, write the formulas for first and second
order derivatives at x xn .
3. Write down the formula for Simpsons one- third rule .
x

4. State Trapezoidal rule to evaluate

f ( x ) dx

5. State Simpsons three eighth rules.

1

6. Evaluate

x dx by Trapezoidal rule dividing the range into 4 equal parts.

1
2

xn

7. In order to evaluate

ydx by Simpsons rule as well as by Simpsons

x0

3
rule , what is
8

the restriction on the number of intervals?

4

8. Using Simpsons rule find

d x, given e 0 1, e1 2.72, e 2 7.39, e 3 20.09, &

e 4 54.6.
b d

9. State trapezoidal rule for evaluating

f x, y dydx .
a c

b d

10. State Simpsons rule for evaluating

f x, y dydx .
a c

11148S51B/12148S51B

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

PART- B

11.

(i) find f 3 & f 3 for following data

(10)
x : 3.0
3.2
3.4
f x
-14 -10.032 -5.296

3.6
-0.256

3.8
6.672

4.0
14.

dx
2 with h=1/6using trapezoidal rule
0 1 x

(ii) Evaluate the integral

12. (i) Find the first, second derivatives of f x at x 50 & 56 if

x
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
f x
3.6840 3.7084 3.7325 3.7563 3.7798 3.8030 3.8259
1

(ii) Using trapezoidal rule, evaluate

dx

1 x

(6)
(10)

taking 8 intervals.

13. Dividing the range into 10 equal parts find the value of

sin xdx by

(6)
(16)

a) trapezoidal rule b) Simpsons rule and also check the result by direct integration
2

14. Evaluate

dx
using Rombergs method. Hence obtain an approximate value for .(16)
4

2 2

15.) i) Evaluate

xy

x y dxdy

with h k 0.25 by trapezoidal rule

1 1

(8)
1 1

ii) Using Simpsons rule evaluate

1 x y dxdy

with h k 0.25

(8)

0 0

/2 /2

16.Evaluate

sin x y dxdyby using

0

integration.

trapezoidal and Simpsons rule also by actual

(16)

11148S51B/12148S51B

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

UNIT IV
INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1.
2.
3.
4.

Part A (2 marks)
Write down the fourth order Taylor algorithm .
State the disadvantage of Taylor series method.
Write down the Euler algorithm to the differential equation.
1
State modified Euler algorithm to solve y f x, y , y x0 y 0 at.

1
5. Write the Runge- kutta algorithm of second order for solving y f x, y , y x0 , y 0 .

6.
7.
8.
9.

Write down the Runge-kutta formula of fourth order.

Write Milnes predictor corrector formula.
write down Adams Bashforth predictor formula.
Compare Runge Kutta metheods and Predictor- corrector methods for solution of intial
value problem.
10. How many prior values are required to predictor formula.?
Part B
dy
x y with y 0 1. use Taylor series find y at x 0.1 ,0.2
dx
dy
xy, y 0 1 by assuming h 0.2 .
(ii) Using Eulers method find y 0.4 given
dx

11. (i)Solve

12. Using Taylors method solve

dy
1 2 xy with y 0 0. find
dx

(10)
(6)
(16)

(1) y 0.2 (2) y 0.4 , (3) y 0.6 .

13. Solve y 1 1 y, y 0 0 by modified Eulers method to find y 0.1 , y 0.2 , y 0.3
(16)
14. By fourth order R-K method find y 0.2 with h 0.1 from
15. Using Milnes method find y 2

if

dy
x 2 y 2 , y 0 1
dx

y x is the solution of

dx
dy

1
2

(16)

x y given

y 0 2, y 0.5 2.636, y 1 3.595 and y 1.5 4.968.

(16)
16. Given

dx
x 2 1 y , y 1 1, y 1.1 1.233, y 1.2 1.548, y 1.3 1.979 .
dy

y 1.4 by Adams Bash fourth method.

(16)

Evaluate

11148S51B/12148S51B

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

Unit V
BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
EQUATIONS.

PART - A

1. State the conditions for the equation.

Au xx Bu xy Cu yy Du x Eu y Fu G where A,B,C,D,E,F,G are function of x and y to be

(i)elliptic (ii)parabolic (iii)hyperbolic.

2. What is the classification of

u x u yy 0.

3. Give an example of a parabolic equation.

4. What is the equation of one dimensional heat flow equation?
5. What type of equations can be solved by using crank-nickolsons difference formula?
6. Write a note on the stability and convergence of solutions of the difference equations corresponding
2
to the hyperbolic equation u tt a u XX .

7. Write the diagonal five-point formula to solve the Laplace equations u xx u yy

0.

8. What is the purpose of Liebmanns process?

9. Define a difference quotient.
10. Write down the finite difference form of the equation.

PART B

11. Solve

12. Solve

xx

32u

taking h= 0.25 for t>0 ,0<x<1 and u(x,0) =0, u(0,t) =0 u(1,t)= t. (16)

u 2 u

in0 x 5, t 0
t x 2

given that u ( x,0) 20, u (0, t ) 0, u (5, t ) 100

compute u for the time step with h=1 by Crank- Nicholson method.
(16)

11148S51B/12148S51B
2u 2u
15.Solve 2 2 ,
x
t

Revised June 2015

Students admitted from 2011 onwards

0 x 1, t 0, u (0, t ) u (1, t ) 0, , u ( x,0) x x 2 ,

u
( x,0) 0, taking
t

h= 0.2 upto one half of the period of vibration by taking appropriate time step.

(16)

14.Obtain a finite difference scheme to solve the Laplace equation. Solve 2 u 0 at the
pivotal points in the square shown fitted with square mesh. Use leibmanns iteration
procedure.
(16)
1000

1000

1000

1000

2000

500

2000

0
0

1000

500

15.Solve 2 u 0 , the boundary conditions are given below.(give only three iteration) ?
0
10
20
30
(16)
20
20

40

40

50

60

60

60

60

16. Solve the Poisson equation 2 u 10( x 2 y 2 10) over the square with sides x =0,y
= 0,x =3,y=3 with u=0 on the boundary, taking h=1.
(16)