User's Guide

Duflow Modelling Studio
User's Guide
Version 3.8 Februari 2006

Stowa / MX.Systems
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Duflow Modelling Studio........................................................................................................... 6

1.1.1 Network Editor.......................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2 Scenario Manager.................................................................................................... 7
1.1.3 Presentation of the Results..................................................................................... 7
1.1.4 DMS compared to Duflow 2.0x............................................................................... 7
1.2 Other Modules............................................................................................................................. 8
1.2.1 RAM........................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.2 MoDuflow............................................................................................................... 10
1.3 Hardware and Software Requirements ................................................................................... 10
1.4 Internet........................................................................................................................................ 11
1.5 Installation.................................................................................................................................. 11
1.6 DUFLOW Helpdesk.................................................................................................................... 11
2. Getting Started
13
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 13

2.2 Define a Project.......................................................................................................................... 13
2.3 Building the Network................................................................................................................ 15
2.4 Flow Model ................................................................................................................................ 20
2.4.1 Initial Conditions.................................................................................................... 20
2.4.2 Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................ 20
2.4.3 Configure and Start the Calculation .................................................................... 21
2.5 Display the Results ................................................................................................................... 23
2.6 Quality Model............................................................................................................................ 25
2.6.1 Define the Quality Description File ..................................................................... 25
2.6.2 Initial Conditions.................................................................................................... 26
2.6.3 Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................ 26
2.6.4 External Variables ................................................................................................... 27
2.6.5 Configure and Start the Calculation .................................................................... 27
2.7 Scenario Manager..................................................................................................................... 28
3. User Interface
31
3.1 User Interface Components ..................................................................................................... 31

3.2 Menu Bar.................................................................................................................................... 32
3.2.1 File Menu................................................................................................................. 32
3.2.2 Edit Menu................................................................................................................ 33
3.2.3 View Menu .............................................................................................................. 33
3.2.4 Project Menu........................................................................................................... 34
3.2.5 Scenario Menu........................................................................................................ 34
3.2.6 Calculation Menu................................................................................................... 35
3.2.7 Options Menu......................................................................................................... 35
3.2.8 Window Menu........................................................................................................ 35
3.2.9 Help Menu............................................................................................................... 35
3.3 Toolbars...................................................................................................................................... 36
3.3.1 Display or Hide Toolbar........................................................................................ 36
User's guide
Contents i
3.3.2 Standard Toolbar.................................................................................................... 36

3.3.3 Scenario Toolbar.................................................................................................... 37
3.3.4 Palette Toolbar........................................................................................................ 37
3.3.5 Window Toolbar.................................................................................................... 38
3.3.6 Time Control Toolbar............................................................................................. 39
3.3.7 Duflow Toolbar....................................................................................................... 39
3.3.8 Show Objects Toolbar........................................................................................... 39
3.4 Status Bar................................................................................................................................... 40
3.4.1 Display or Hide Status Bar.................................................................................... 40
3.5 Workspace ................................................................................................................................. 41
3.5.1 Full Screen............................................................................................................... 42
3.5.2 Workbook................................................................................................................ 42
3.5.3 Arrange Windows.................................................................................................. 42
3.5.4 Tile Windows.......................................................................................................... 42
3.5.5 Arrange Icons......................................................................................................... 42
3.5.6 Activate Window................................................................................................... 43
3.5.7 Windows ................................................................................................................. 43
3.6 Workspace Manager window................................................................................................. 43
3.6.1 Display or Hide Workspace Manager................................................................. 43
3.7 Output window.......................................................................................................................... 44
3.7.1 Display or Hide Output ......................................................................................... 44
3.8 DMS Functions ......................................................................................................................... 44
3.8.1 Undo Last Action................................................................................................... 44
3.8.2 Cut Selection........................................................................................................... 45
3.8.3 Copy Selection........................................................................................................ 45
3.8.4 Paste Selection........................................................................................................ 45
3.8.5 Print .......................................................................................................................... 45
3.8.6 Print Preview........................................................................................................... 46
3.8.7 Print Setup............................................................................................................... 46
3.8.8 Generate Report ...................................................................................................... 47
3.8.9 Customize ................................................................................................................ 48
3.8.10 Program Settings .................................................................................................. 49
3.8.11 Splitter.................................................................................................................... 49
3.8.12 Help Topics ........................................................................................................... 50
3.8.13 Context Help.......................................................................................................... 50
3.8.14 About DMS........................................................................................................... 50
3.8.15 Exit DMS................................................................................................................ 50
4. Project and Scenario Manager
53
4.1 Project versus Scenario ............................................................................................................ 53

4.1.1 Project Properties ................................................................................................... 54
4.2 Project Functions ...................................................................................................................... 54
4.2.1 New Project ............................................................................................................. 54
4.2.2 Open Project............................................................................................................ 55
4.2.3 Close Project ........................................................................................................... 56
4.2.4 Save Project............................................................................................................. 56
4.2.5 Change Name .......................................................................................................... 56
4.2.6 Import Files.............................................................................................................. 57
4.2.7 Recently Opened Projects..................................................................................... 58
4.3 Usage of the Scenario Manager.............................................................................................. 58
4.3.1 Managing Scenarios.............................................................................................. 59
4.3.2 New Scenario .......................................................................................................... 60
4.3.3 Change Scenario Name.......................................................................................... 61
4.3.4 Scenario Description.............................................................................................. 61
4.3.5 Set as Active Scenario........................................................................................... 61
4.3.6 Scenario Properties ................................................................................................ 62
4.3.7 Delete Scenario ....................................................................................................... 65
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User's guide
4.4 Usage of Schemes and Time Series ........................................................................................ 66

4.4.1 Select Scheme ......................................................................................................... 66
4.4.2 Scheme Usage......................................................................................................... 67
4.4.3 Modify Scheme (time series)................................................................................ 67
4.4.4 Modify Time Series Settings ................................................................................ 69
4.4.5 Shift Values ............................................................................................................. 70
4.4.6 Import Time Series.................................................................................................. 71
4.4.7 Export Time Series .................................................................................................. 71
5. Network Editor
73
5.1 Usage of the Network Editor................................................................................................... 73

5.1.1 Open Network Window......................................................................................... 74
5.1.2 Display Layers ........................................................................................................ 75
5.1.3 Layers Properties.................................................................................................... 77
5.1.4 Image Layer tracker................................................................................................ 78
5.1.5 Connect objects to shape ..................................................................................... 78
5.1.6 Administrative information................................................................................... 79
5.2 Network Objects ........................................................................................................................ 79
5.2.1 Node......................................................................................................................... 79
5.2.2 Section ..................................................................................................................... 81
5.2.3 Cross Section.......................................................................................................... 83
5.2.4 Cross Section scheme............................................................................................ 85
5.2.5 Interpolation of Cross Sectional Data................................................................. 87
5.2.6 Schematization Point.............................................................................................. 89
5.2.7 Structure Point........................................................................................................ 91
5.2.8 Discharge Point ...................................................................................................... 91
5.2.9 Area.......................................................................................................................... 92
5.2.10 Siphon.................................................................................................................... 92
5.2.11 Culvert.................................................................................................................... 94
5.2.12 Weir........................................................................................................................ 95
5.2.13 Pump ....................................................................................................................... 97
5.2.14 General Structure .................................................................................................. 98
5.2.15 Structure Shape .................................................................................................. 100
5.2.16 Calculation Point ................................................................................................ 101
5.3 Network Object Functions..................................................................................................... 101
5.3.1 Object Properties .................................................................................................. 102
5.3.2 Select Object / Selection Mode.......................................................................... 103
5.3.3 Check Objects ....................................................................................................... 103
5.3.4 Flip Orientation..................................................................................................... 104
5.3.5 Bending Point ....................................................................................................... 104
5.3.6 Remove Object...................................................................................................... 105
5.3.7 Disconnect Object................................................................................................ 105
5.3.8 Remove Node and Join Sections ....................................................................... 105
5.3.9 Insert Node............................................................................................................ 106
5.3.10 Offset Co-ordinates............................................................................................ 106
5.3.11 Locate Object...................................................................................................... 106
5.4 Customizing Network Window............................................................................................. 107
5.4.1 Entire Network ...................................................................................................... 107
5.4.2 Zooming Tool (Network window)...................................................................... 108
5.4.3 Zooming out (Network window)........................................................................ 108
5.4.4 Pan Network.......................................................................................................... 108
5.4.5 Current Position.................................................................................................... 108
5.4.6 Show Grid .............................................................................................................. 109
5.4.7 Show Object Types.............................................................................................. 109
5.4.8 Network Properties............................................................................................... 109
5.4.9 Display or Hide IDs ............................................................................................ 110
5.4.10 Display or Hide Datatips................................................................................... 110
User's guide
Contents iii
5.4.11 Editable ................................................................................................................ 110

5.4.12 Grid ....................................................................................................................... 111
6. Flow Modelling
113
6.1 Building a Flow model............................................................................................................ 113

6.2 Initial Conditions (overview)................................................................................................. 113
6.2.1 Initial Conditions.................................................................................................. 114
6.2.2 Set Column ............................................................................................................ 115
6.2.3 New Initial Conditions......................................................................................... 116
6.3 Boundary Conditions (overview) ......................................................................................... 117
6.3.1 Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................... 118
6.3.2 Level scheme......................................................................................................... 119
6.3.3 QH-Relation scheme ............................................................................................ 120
6.3.4 Q-Add scheme ...................................................................................................... 121
6.3.5 Concentration Schemes....................................................................................... 121
6.3.6 Load schemes ....................................................................................................... 122
6.4 Other Conditions and Schemes............................................................................................. 122
6.4.1 Precipitation scheme ............................................................................................ 123
6.4.2 Evaporation scheme............................................................................................. 123
6.4.3 Wind Direction scheme ....................................................................................... 123
6.4.4 Wind Velocity scheme......................................................................................... 124
6.4.5 Unpaved Surface scheme.................................................................................... 124
6.5 Measured Data ........................................................................................................................ 124
6.6 Structure Control..................................................................................................................... 125
6.6.1 Edit Structure Control.......................................................................................... 125
6.6.2 Elements of a Structure script............................................................................. 126
6.6.3 Show Structure Control Scripts.......................................................................... 129
6.7 Structure Control (old style).................................................................................................. 130
6.7.1 Structure Control.................................................................................................. 130
6.7.2 Structure Operation.............................................................................................. 131
7. Quality Modelling
133
7.1 Building a Quality model........................................................................................................ 133

7.2 Quality Model Functions....................................................................................................... 135
7.2.1 Edit Quality Model............................................................................................... 136
7.2.2 Compile Quality Model........................................................................................ 136
7.2.3 Parameters ............................................................................................................. 137
7.2.4 External Variables ................................................................................................. 137
7.2.5 Connect to All Objects ........................................................................................ 138
7.3 Writing Quality Proces Description file ............................................................................... 139
7.3.1 Syntax Duprol....................................................................................................... 139
7.3.2 Declaration section .............................................................................................. 141
7.3.3 Compound statement........................................................................................... 144
8. Calculation
151
8.1 Calculation Preparation .......................................................................................................... 151

8.1.1 Calculation Settings............................................................................................. 151
8.1.2 Calculation Settings dialog box (General)......................................................... 152
8.1.3 Calculation Settings dialog box (Duflow)......................................................... 153
8.1.4 Script based Structure Controls ......................................................................... 156
8.1.5 Output Variables................................................................................................... 158
8.1.6 Special Control...................................................................................................... 158
8.2 Calculation commands............................................................................................................ 159
8.2.1 Update All / Calculate.......................................................................................... 160
8.2.2 Check All ............................................................................................................... 160
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User's guide
8.2.3 Add to Queue ....................................................................................................... 160

8.2.4 Process Queue...................................................................................................... 161
8.2.5 Change State......................................................................................................... 161
8.2.6 Remove from Queue............................................................................................. 162
8.2.7 Reset Queue.......................................................................................................... 162
8.2.8 Convert Network .................................................................................................. 162
8.2.9 Write Duflow files ................................................................................................ 163
8.2.10 Calculation Progress.......................................................................................... 164
8.2.11 Run Duflow Model............................................................................................. 164
8.2.12 Cleanup Network................................................................................................ 165
8.2.13 Show Error Info................................................................................................... 165
8.2.14 Reset Errors ......................................................................................................... 165
8.2.15 Terminate Calculation........................................................................................ 166
8.2.16 Remote Calculation ............................................................................................ 166
8.3 Stability problems .................................................................................................................... 166
8.3.1 Flow Calculation................................................................................................... 167
8.3.2 Quality Calculation............................................................................................... 168
9. Results
170
9.1 Presentation of the Results.................................................................................................... 170

9.2 Text Window............................................................................................................................ 170
9.2.1 New Text Window................................................................................................ 171
9.2.2 Export results ........................................................................................................ 171
9.2.3 Timefilter................................................................................................................ 172
9.2.4 Save Results.......................................................................................................... 172
9.2.5 Copy Results......................................................................................................... 172
9.2.6 Transpose Table................................................................................................... 173
9.2.7 Change Table Contents....................................................................................... 173
9.2.8 Change Font.......................................................................................................... 173
9.3 Graph Windows....................................................................................................................... 173
9.3.1 Time Related Graph window............................................................................... 174
9.3.2 Space Related Graph window............................................................................. 177
9.3.3 Modify Route........................................................................................................ 179
9.3.4 Route Manager..................................................................................................... 180
9.3.5 Change Graph Contents ...................................................................................... 181
9.4 Customizing Graph window................................................................................................... 182
9.4.1 Hairline Mode ....................................................................................................... 182
9.4.2 Zooming Tool (Graph window).......................................................................... 182
9.4.3 Zooming out (Graph window) ............................................................................ 183
9.4.4 Graph Window Properties................................................................................... 183
9.4.5 Colors Graph window.......................................................................................... 183
9.5 Network Window in Presentation Mode............................................................................. 184
9.5.1 Presentation Mode............................................................................................... 185
9.5.2 Presentation Script............................................................................................... 186
9.5.3 Creating Presentation Scripts ............................................................................. 187
9.5.4 Presentation Script Examples.............................................................................. 191
9.6 Mass Balance........................................................................................................................... 198
10. Glossary of Terms
User's guide
199
Contents v
1. Introduction
1.1 Duflow Modelling Studio

The Duflow Modelling Studio (DMS) supplies the water authorities with a
complete set of tools, to quickly perform easy analysis. On the other hand, the
product is also capable of performing complex, integral studies.
Duflow Modelling Studio consists of the following components:
Duflow water quantity and quality

With this program one can perform unsteady flow computations in
networks of open watercourses. Duflow is also useful in simulating
the transportation of substances in free surface flow and more
complex water quality processes.
RAM precipitation runoff module

With ram one can calculate the supply of rainfall to the surface flow.
Ram calculates the losses and delays that occur before the
precipitation has reached the surface flow.
Tewor
One can check the sewer system discharge on the surface water. It
provides tools to prove the quality of water in urban environment.
MoDuflow
This program simulates an integrated ground water and surface
water problem by combining the ground water model Modflow and
Duflow.
The possibility of entering component specific data depends on the installed

components. The User's Guide gives a complete instruction about the General
and Duflow-specific data, which can be entered in Duflow Modelling Studio.
Each compenent has it's own manual with instructions for the input of data
together with a description of the theoretical background.
1.1.1 Network Editor

The Network editor of DMS offers the user a tool for creating a model in a userfriendly way. The network editor is a graphical editor that enables you to
interactively draw the network schematization. The desired object (e.g. a node)
can easily be selected from the Palette toolbar. The mouse is used to place the
object in the network window. This network editor is based on the Standard
Exchange Format (Dutch: Standaard Uitwisselings Formaat - SUF), which has
consequences for the way in which the network is set up.
6 Introduction
User's guide
In the standard exchange format, a schematization is built up of nodes, sections

and objects defined on these sections.
Nodes are points at which one or more sections arise or end.
A section connects two nodes.
Objects that can be defined on sections are: structures, area points,

discharge points and objects containing cross sectional data, etc.
The schematization is set up and adjusted by selecting and dragging the objects.
By selecting objects from the Network Window, one can activate the Object
Properties dialog box, where the properties of these objects can be modified.
Cross Sections can be applied on miscellaneous places on the section. The cross
sectional profile over the entire section is interpolated between the different cross
sections given by the user.
1.1.2 Scenario Manager

With the Scenario Manager the user can easily define different scenarios which
are based on the first created model. As default the data of each scenario is
equivalent to the base scenario. The user however can easily alter the data for
each scenario without affecting the data of the base scenario. By calculating the
different scenarios and comparing the results the user can evaluate the effects of
the scenarios on the model.
The Scenario Manager window displays a project-tree of the open projects and
scenarios.
1.1.3 Presentation of the Results

The Duflow interface is supplied with an elaborate presentation functions. These
functions are designed to give the user optimal support for interpretation of the
results.
Some possibilities for the presentation of results are:
Boundary conditions can be plotted in the same graph as the

results.
Output facility to tables, makes it possible to import the results into

a spreadsheet for further post processing.
Local values can be read by a so-called hairline. Selecting a point on

the graph with the mouse activates a vertical line in the graph
window. The values of the active graphs in the graph window are
printed in the legend.
Aside from plotting the quantities with respect to time, one can also
plot graphs with respect to space. For space related output the user
can define the route by using the sections as defined in the network
editor.
Results of the Duflow calculation can be spatially visualised in the

Network using Presentation scripts.
1.1.4 DMS compared to Duflow 2.0x

The network schematization in DMS can be used by each installed component
like Duflow or RAM. This network can be easily build and changed by using the
User's guide
Introduction 7
Network editor. The network schematization in DMS is based on the Standard

Exchange Format. Therefore a DMS-schematization differs from the
schematization as used in Duflow 2.0x. DMS can import the Network-files from a
Duflow 2.0x project and converts it to a DMS-schematization.
In DMS cross sections can be defined at any location on a section; not only at
the begin or end of the section like in Duflow 2.0x. The floor level (bottom) is
defined in a cross section scheme.
To calculate a model the DMS schematization is converted to the Duflow 2.0x
files, which can be read by the file Cduflo.exe. The numbers of the nodes and
sections in these ASCII files do not correspond with the object-IDs of the DMS
schematization!
1.2 Other Modules

The Duflow Modelling Studio consists of the following modules
Duflow
RAM
Tewor
MoDuflow
1.2.1 RAM
The Hydrologic Cycle is a continuous process in which water circulates from the
oceans through the atmosphere and the rivers back to the ocean. Of the
hydrologic cycle, the precipitation runoff model describes the process that
occurs between the falling of the precipitation till the discharge developed by the
run off to the ground water or surface water.
Precipitation runoff processes are generally described at a catchment area level.
Within a catchment area, the relevant parameters may vary substantially, like the
soil type, slope, land use, etc. A detailed physical description of the occurring
processes is, therefore, difficult to give.
In RAM a division into types of surfaces is made:
Open water surface
Paved surface, divided in Sewer, Greenhouses and Other paved

surface
Unpaved surface
A division into types of surface is made in view of the differences in precipitation

runoff processes. For example, in case of an open water surface there will be no
delay, in case of a paved surface a quick runoff process will occur, whereas an
unpaved surface includes a slow component. Apart from this, the storage of
moisture in the unsaturated zone of an unpaved surface is taken into account in a
simple model.
By distinguishing between types of surface and between sub processes, the
framework of the precipitation runoff module is defined. Within the discharge
process of unpaved surface, three processes are distinguished:
8 Introduction
Infiltration into the soil moisture (unsaturated zone)

The amount of precipitation that infiltrates is determined by the
infiltration capacity of the soil, where the infiltration capacity is
assumed constant in time. If the precipitation intensity surpasses
User's guide
the infiltration capacity, the remaining part of the precipitation will

be stored on the surface level in the surface depressions. If the
maximum storage in the surface depression is surpassed, the extra
precipitation will runoff over the surface as surface runoff.
User's guide
Percolation into the ground water (saturated zone)

A water balance of the amount of moisture in the unsaturated zone
is maintained in the soil moisture reservoir. The replenishment of
soil moisture in the soil moisture reservoir is the calculated
infiltration, the outflow is calculated as the evaporation and the
percolation to the ground water. Both the evaporation and the
percolation depend on the actual soil moisture content.
Ground water discharge into the drainage system
Introduction 9
The runoff of precipitation may consist of a slow and a quick

component. The part of the precipitation that is drained quickly, is
the quick component. It may consist of the runoff of precipitation
into open water, surface runoff, interflow and runoff originating
from drainpipes. The remaining effective precipitation is discharged
quelled and slowed down to a relatively large extent, as a result of
storage in the unsaturated and saturated zones (the slow
component). This distinct was made because of the difference in
characteristics of the processes and water qualityBoth the quick
and slow component of the ground water discharge can be defined
as a configuration of linear reservoirs. Two options are incorporated
in the precipitation runoff module:
- Two parallel Nash-cascades
- Combination of Nash-cascade and Krayenhoff van de Leur
The distribution of the quick and slow component is performed by
using a set percentage. Using both options, it is possible to
simulate all widely applied models from the literature.
In the description of leaching and runoff we mainly consider supply, reaction
processes in the bottom and discharge. Namely the reaction processes in the
unsaturated zone are extremely complex. It is therefore decided not to model these
reaction processes in RAM.
Point of departure for the description of water quality in RAM is a direct link with
the discharge of the separate subflows and the water quality. Concentrations are
attributed to the subflows, which are affected by the supply, the reaction
processes and the discharge. These concentrations are worked out for nitrogen,
phosphor and ammonium. The experience with this concept can be used to
decide whether a more detailed concept is necessary or not.
1.2.2 MoDuflow
MoDuflow iss a module that performs an on-line link between Modflow and
Duflow. MoDuflow considers an existing Modflow schematization for the
groundwater model and an existing Duflow schematization.
The dischargeto and from the groundwater to the water course has
consequences for the water levelin this water course, on the other hand the water
level influences the discharge to and from the groundwater. To investigate these
interactions, the existing groundwater models and surface water models did not
suffice. By performing the calculations of the two separate models successively
one can not investigate the mutual influence they perform on each another. An
on-line approximation is therefore necessary.
With MoDuflow one can model the dynamic interaction between surface water
and ground water. During the MoDuflow schematization, the calculated Modflow
discharges are sent to Duflow and the calculated water levels of Duflow are sent
to Modflow.
MoDuflow maps both schematizations on top of each other. This results in
determining the location per Modflow cell in each Duflow section. During
calculation, MoDuflow activates each model. The calculation switches between
Duflow and Modflow for a certain time interval.
1.3 Hardware and Software Requirements

System requirements for using the Duflow Modelling Studio on the Personal
Computer are:
10 Introduction
User's guide
minimal 486, suggested is a Pentium
minimal 16 Mb internal memory, a minimum of 24 Mb is

recommended
minimal 50Mb external memory
Software requirements for running the Duflow Modelling Studio are:
Windows95, Windows98 or WindowsNT (4.00 or higher)
1.4 Internet
More and recent information about Duflow can be found at the Duflow Internet
site:
www.duflow.nl
1.5 Installation
The Duflow Modelling Studio consists of a Setup package, a User's Guide and a
Manuals for each component. These files can be downloaded from the Internet.
For installing a component of the Duflow Modelling Studio - Duflow, RAM,
Tewor or MoDuflow - a password is needed.
Before starting the installation procedure of the Duflow Modelling Studio, close
as many opened applications as possible. The program makes use of several files
(dll, ocx) which might be used by other applications. The set-up procedure will
not be able to renew these files if they are in use.
1.6 DUFLOW Helpdesk

Users of DMS can subscribe to the Duflow helpdesk. Users may contact the
helpdesk when encountering problems while using DMS. Support will only be
give to users with a subscription on User Support and Updates (U&U). When the
user enrols a mistake, it will be solved as quickly as possible and the user will
receive the latest update.
Users with a subscription to the helpdesk will receive a free update of the
package at least once a year. In this manner, the user is assured of the corrections
made in the new releases.
About once a year Duflow Users day is organis ed. During this activity users may
present their results of using the DMS package. This Duflow users day is
particularly focused on the mutual acquaintance between users. Attendees of
these days are informed about the latest Duflow developments.
User's guide
Introduction 11
2. Getting Started
2.1 Introduction
In this chapter a simple problem is entered and computed in a step by step
approach. This section is designed to help the beginning user to get acquainted
with setting the input parameters, performing a calculation and viewing the
results while using DUFLOW MODELLING STUDIO (DMS). First of all the Duflow
component must be installed correctly.
2.2 Define a Project

After you have started DMS, you can define a Project with the first scenario by
choosing the New function in the File menu. The New Project dialog box will be
displayed.
Choose the name of a Project, say Demo. A project contains one or more
scenarios. The location of the directory of the project may be altered in the
Location field. A sub-directory for the first scenario base s cenario - is
User's guide
Getting Started 13
automatically created by DMS in the Project directory. Enter real values for the
co-ordinates as shown in the figure. When you build a schematization of the
water system in the so-called Network window, the left-handed bottom corner of
that window represents these initial co-ordinates. By choosing Create, a new
project is built.
DMS will now open the window, known as the Workspace Manager, which
contains the Scenario Manager.
.
This window shows all currently open Projects, with their related Scenarios, in a
tree structure. Each Scenario contains several data collections, which will appear
or disappear by using the plus or minus in the tree.
= Show or hide the
Workspace Manager
If the Workspace Manager Window is hidden you can call it by choosing the
option Workspace Manager in the View menu.
The Scenario Manager enables you to work with several sets of input data within
the same Project. For example, it is possible to simulate two Scenarios having
identical input data, with the exception of precipitation. This enables the user to
easily evaluate the results of a severe rainstorm. The Scenario may contain the
input data itself or it may refer to input data of another Scenario. Each Scenario
registers several sets of data. Per set of data one may choose to save the data in
its own Scenario directory or receive the data from another Scenario directory.
By using the Scenario Manager several data may be modified within the Scenario.
By using the right mouse button a context sensitive menu is displayed within the
Scenario Manager. Several data from the Scenario are organised by certain
schemes. The user can name a certain set of input data and refer to this set from
other scenarios. The quantities that use these schemes are Level, QH, Flow,
Concentration and Load.
= Edit Description
14 Getting Started
By choosing the option Description of the Scenario menu, an extended

description of the scenario can be stored.
User's guide
2.3 Building the Network

= Open Network window
Use the Open Network window function in the View menu to open the Network
window. In this window a network schematization can be created and/or
interactively modified.
NB
If an icon is not visible in one of the toolbars, choose Customize in

the Options menu. DMS will show the Customize dialog box.
The buttons of the functions belonging to the selected category are
displayed on the Command tab. By dragging a button to a toolbar the
button is added to the toolbar. By dragging it away from the toolbar, the
button will be removed from the toolbar.
The Network can be build on a geographical background by first checking the

option Use geographic map as background in the Projects Properties dialog
box. This box appears by using the Properties function in the Project menu.
= Display Layers
To add layers to the Network window choose the Display layers icon on the
Palette toolbar. DMS will show the Display Layers dialog box.
Use the Add button to add layers to the Network window. DMS will open the
Open File dialog box. Only shape-files can be used for layers in DMS. Select the
shape-file Water.shp1 from the WinDuflow/Shapes directory in the File Open
dialog box. This shape file contains the waterways of a region in the Netherlands.
When a shape-file is selected, DMS will show the Color dialog box to choose the
right color - e.g. blue - for the selected layer. After the selection of a color DMS
will return to the Display Layers dialog box. The order of the layers in this list
corresponds with the order in which the layers are displayed in the Network
window. To modify this order, select a layer and press the Up or Down button.
Now add the Cities.shp file to the layers list. This file contains the cities of the
region.
The Network window will look like this:
Geographical background: Topografische ondergrond Topografische Dienst, Emmen. The shape-files Water.shp
and Cities.shp may only be used for demonstration purposes.
User's guide
Getting Started 15
= Zoom in
= Save the active project
= Node
= Section
= Select object
= Cross Section
Use the Zooming Tool to show parts of the geographical background in more
detail. After selecting this command (from the menu or the toolbar) the cursor will
change into a magnifying glass. Dragging the cursor displays a rectangle on the
screen. This rectangle represents the area that will be magnified (the rectangle
will be blown up until it fills the Network window).
Save your work now using the Save command from the File menu. Do this
regularly!
By dragging the objects from the Network Palette, you can draw your network.
From the palette, choose the Node tool and click at two positions in the Network
Window. Next choose the Section tool and click the left mouse button on one of
the two Nodes. Move the mouse by dragging the section towards the other
Node and release the mouse button. The length of the sections is calculated by
the Network editor based on the positions of the Nodes.
If the line between two nodes remains dotted, it means that the Nodes are not
correctly connected by the Section. The Nodes can be properly connected by
using the Select tool (the arrow) from the palette and dragging the end of the
selected Section until the line is complete.
Cross Sections are added to the Section by using the Cross Section tool from the
palette. When the cross sectional data is connected to the section it appears
cross-hatched red. If the Cross Section is not properly connected to the section,
its outline will remain dotted.
Repeat the above process until the following network is created:
= Object properties
16 Getting Started
Cross Sectional data are defined by using Schemes. These Schemes must be
connected to the Cross Sections. By clicking the right mouse button on one of
the Cross Sections, choose the option Properties from the context -menu.
User's guide
In the Object Properties dialog box, the Scheme may now be connected to the
Cross Section, however no Schemes are defined for this Project yet. A Scheme is
created by choosing the behind the Scheme box. In the Cross Section Scheme
dialog box, choose Add and the Cross Section dialog box will appear. Choose
the input as shown below. To insert and delete a row in the table use the Ins and
Del key.
Choose OK, OK and OK, the River Scheme has now been connected to one
Cross Section.
User's guide
Getting Started 17
= Edit Properties of
Network objects
We are able to connect the River Scheme to every Cross Section in the network
by choosing the Object - Properties option of the Edit menu. Again the Object
Properties dialog box is shown, yet now it is also possible to alter several
objects simultaneously.
Because DMS requires a lot of data, it allows the user to simultaneously enter
data for a number of objects. In the Objects to Change combobox you can
choose the objects you want to change.
Select All Cross Sections from the Objects to Change combo box and behind
Scheme, select the Scheme River from the pull down list box. Click Ok and all of
the Cross Sections in the network are connected to the same Scheme. The Cross
Sections will now appear blue.
= Weir
Now add a structure - in this case a weir - to the network, by choosing the red
trapezium of the Network Palette and placing it into the network as follows:
Other structures:
= Siphon
= Culvert
= Pump
= General structure
In this manner a weir is added to the network on the second section. Before
Duflow starts it calculation, this section will be split up into two separate
sections.
Click the right mouse button on the weir to choose the weir properties as follows:
18 Getting Started
User's guide
= Schematization point
(or bending point)
It is also possible to add Schematization-points to the network. Results of the

calculation will be available on the Nodes, Structures, Schematization points and
Calculation points. Duflow generates Calculation points when the length of a
section exceeds the defined maximum length, i.e. the maximum space step. This
maximum length can be defined by the user for each section on the Duflow tab in
the Edit - Objects - Properties dialog box.
Schematization points can also be used to bend a section to fit the waterway
represented by the geographical background. To create a so called Bending
point, add a Schematization point to a section first. Then select the
Schematization point and click on the right mouse button and select the option
Bending point from the context menu. By dragging the Bending point to the
desired position on the waterway the section will bend and more or less follow
the waterway.
User's guide
Getting Started 19
= Discharge point
By adding a Discharge point at Schematization points you can define a time

series of discharged water or wasted load or concentration.
2.4 Flow Model

To turn a network schematization in a flow model only the following three steps
has to be taken;
- Define Initial Conditions
- Define Boundary Conditions
- Configure the calculation
2.4.1 Initial Conditions

Initial conditions are added to the network by using the Initial Conditions
function in the Scenario menu. For all Sections, Schematization and Structure
points we will now choose an initial discharge of 3 m3/s and a initial level of 6
meters (above the reference level). Use the Set Column button. Choose the
column Discharge or Level and enter the appropriate value.
2.4.2 Boundary Conditions

In this network a Boundary Condition at the upstream boundary of the water
system, the node at the right-handed upper side of the Network, should be
defined. The Boundary Conditions can be configured by selecting the correct
Node and activating the Object Properties dialog box for this node. Click the
Boundary Conditions button. The Boundary Condition dialog box will appear.
First a Boundary Scheme should be defined.
To add a Q-Add Scheme click on the button behind the text box. Then click on
the Add button. The following scheme is configured:
20 Getting Started
User's guide
Click OK and OK and the Q-Add Scheme is now connected to the first Node.
Repeat these actions to define a constant Level of 6 metres as a Boundary
Condition on the other end of the Network.
Nodes on which Boundary Conditions are defined have a brighter color than
other nodes.
2.4.3 Configure and Start the Calculation

Before starting the calculation check the input in the Calculation Settings dialog
box. This box is activated by double clicking on Calculation Settings in the
Scenario manager. On the tab General the calculation period and time step for
flow, quality and output can be set. Enter the following values:
User's guide
Getting Started 21
The tab Duflow allows you to set the Duflow specific calculation options.
The type of calculation can be chosen here. Choose a Flow calculation to check if
the Network the Flow model - has been designed correctly. When the flow
calculation is verified a quality model can be added. The details for the Hydraulic
and Quality calculation are set in this dialog box. In Special Control the special
control data are set, such as the threshold level which is the value of the water
level at which the dry flood procedure is activated (Default=0.10 m).
22 Getting Started
User's guide
= Calculate
The calculation is activated by choosing the Update All option from the
Calculation Menu or F5. The Output window shows the initialisation of the
calculation. It may be something like:
Starting network consistency check...
Check completed.
Starting Duflow conversion...
Duflow conversion completed.
Writing project file C:\WinDuflow \config.duf.
Duflow conversion completed.
Writing control file C:\WinDuflow \Projects\Demo\\Scenario\scenario.CTR.
Writing network file C:\WinDuflow \Projects\Demo\\Scenario\scenario.NET.
Writing boundary flow file C:\WinDuflow \Projects\Demo\\Scenario\scenario.BND.
Writing initial flow file C:\WinDuflow \Projects\Demo\\Scenario\scenario.BEG.
Writing conversion id's file C:\WinDuflow \Projects\Demo\\Scenario\scenario.sid.
Computing mode: Flow
The Status Bar shows the progress of the calculation in time steps. It may be
something like:
Computing flow 124( 744)
= Show or hide Output
You can show (or hide) the Output window by choosing the option Output in de
View menu.
2.5 Display the Results

Results can be displayed in three different ways:
- A Time Related Graph,
- A Space Related Graph,
- As Text in a table as a function of time,
- In the Network window in Presentation mode.
By choosing the New Time Graph window option from the Scenario Context
menu, the results will be displayed in a graph as a function of time. DMS will
open the Time Related Graph dialog box. On the Duflow tab you can define
which variables in which sections have to be displayed.
User's guide
Getting Started 23
Use Show Graphs of Type to choose the type of graph (Level, Discharge or
Velocity) of the selected objects in the Objects to Display list. After a selection is
made, a picture representing the data type is displayed in the row(s) of the
selected objects. Selection of the data type to be displayed in the graphs is also
possible by clicking with the left mouse button on the left side of the row(s) of
the Objects to Display list. The position in the row corresponds with the order in
the data types list.
After choosing the options as displayed above, DMS will show a graph like this:
By choosing the Space Graph window option from the Scenario context menu,
the results will be displayed as a function of space. DMS will open the Space
Related Graph dialog box. First you have to define the route you want to display
in the graph by double clicking on the sections. A route consists of one or more
sections. After defining or selecting the route you can select the variables which
have to be displayed. In the Space Related Graph window, you can move
backward or forward in time by using the buttons beneath the graph.
The final Space Related graph will look like this:
24 Getting Started
User's guide
For displaying the results as text in a table you have to choose the New Text
window option from the Scenario Context menu. DMS will open the Time Related
Graph dialog box. On the Duflow tab you can define which variables in which
sections have to be displayed in the table.
2.6 Quality Model

To make a Quality Model out of an existing Flow model, the following actions
need to be carried out;
- Define Quality Description file,
- Define Initial Conditions for Quality,
- Define Boundary Conditions for Quality,
- Define External Variables,
- Configure the Calculation.
2.6.1 Define the Quality Description File

To add a Quality Model Description file to the Project enter the name of the
Quality Model description file without the extension (*.MOD) in the Duflow tab
of the Calculation Settings dialog box. For example, enter the name Tracer in
both fields. If the Quality Model file, like in this case, does not exist in the
Scenario directory, DMS will prompt you to create it.
A simple Quality Model description file like below contains the definition of a
tracer:
/* Duflow COURSE FEBRUARY 1998
/* SIMPLE TRACERMODEL
/* HINNE REITSMA 02-01-1998
WATER
TRAC
[10.000]
PARM
Ktrac [0.0100]
*/
*/
*/
mg/l
;TRACER
1/day
;DECOMPOSITION RATE TRAC
User's guide
Getting Started 25
K1(TRAC)=-Ktrac;
}
You can enter this description in the Quality Model description file by choosing
the Quality Model - Edit function from the Scenario menu. If this definition is
inserted correctly do not forget the blank line at the end - it can be compiled by
choosing the Quality Model Compile function from the Scenario menu.

Now that the quality model is defined, we would like to enter the Initial Quality
Conditions. Initial conditions are added to the network by using the Initial
Conditions function in the Scenario menu. For all Nodes and Schematization
points we will now choose an initial concentration for Trac of 10 mg/l. To do this,
use the Set Column button. Choose the column Trac and enter the value.

The node at the right-handed upper side of the network must also have a Quality
boundary condition. Choose the Properties dialog box of that node. Choose
Boundary Conditions on the tab General. Choose the button behind Trac to
define a Boundary Condition Scheme for Trac. Choose Add in the Select
Scheme dialog box to add a new time series. Modify the type of boundary
condition to non-equidistant. Enter the following time series:
Repeat these actions to define a constant concentration of 10 mg/l as a boundary

condition on the other end of the Network. A quality boundary condition is only
valid for the incoming water!
Note: A flow boundary condition without any quality boundary condition has a
special meaning, which may influence the results. In normal situations it
is therefore necessary to define a quality boundary condition for every
flow boundary condition even if there is only outflow at the boundary.
26 Getting Started
User's guide
2.6.4 External Variables

Dispersion is an external variable, which has to be defined in every Quality
Model. An external variable can be added by double clicking on External
variables in the Scenario Manager. Choose the external variable d from in the
Modify External Variables dialog box and choose Modify. Then choose Add
in the Select Scheme dialog box to add the following scheme for the dispersion
(d).
After creating schemes for External Variables you need to connect an External
Variables scheme to all Nodes, Schematization points and Structures. In this
example the scheme RiverDispersion will be used for every object. Choose
Connect to all objects from the context menu in the Scenario Manager on
External Variables. Use the Arrow button behind the External Variable d - which
appears by selecting the input field - to select the RiverDispersion scheme.
In this case a constant value for the dispersion coefficient is used. It is also
possible to let Duflow calculate the dispersion coefficient using the properties of
the flow (D=D0+ x f(flow)). For technical details please refer to the Duflow
Reference Manual.
2.6.5 Configure and Start the Calculation

Before starting the calculation, check the input in the Calculation Settings dialog
box. This box is activated by the right mouse button on Calculation Settings in
the Scenario manager.
Choose as Type of calculation: Flow&Quality. In Output Variables check the
variable Trac of the Quality Model to be available for output.
= Calculate
The calculation is activated by choosing the Update All option from the
Calculation Menu (or the Calculate toolbar button or the Calculate option
from the Scenario Context menu). The Output window and the Status bar will
show the progress of the calculation.
If your model contains quality boundary conditions without flow boundary
conditions warnings will generated in the Output window.
User's guide
Getting Started 27
2.7 Scenario Manager

A Scenario contains the input data of the model. The input data of a model are
divided into several subjects. These subjects are visible in the Scenario Manager.
Double clicking on the subject in the Scenario Manager will open a related
window or dialog box. Clicking with the right mouse button on the subject in the
Scenario Manager will open the context menu. The scenario, which is displayed
in a bold font, is the so-called active scenario. Commands given by menu choices
or toolbars will always be executed for the active scenario.
With the Scenario Manager the user also can define more scenarios in the same
project. Other scenarios can be defined when the user wants to calculate the
effect of changes in the base scenario.
By adjusting the Scenario Properties, the user can easily combine input data
from different scenarios. If in the Scenario Manager the subject is marked with an
asterisk, this means that these data are used from another scenario. The subjects
in the base scenario are of course never marked.
When using references to other scenarios, the data is shared. Modifying the
shared data at one location means that the data will be changed for all scenarios
sharing this data. In case of a new scenario second, third etc. the user can
choose for each subject of that scenario to use the data from another scenario
(reference) or to define a local copy and use this data (own data). The default
value for the source of a subject in a new scenario is always set on a reference to
the base scenario.
New Scenario
In this case we will analyse the effect on the results when using other Boundary
Conditions. First create a new scenario by opening the context menu after
selection of the Project Demo in the Scenario Manager, choose New Scenario.
Name the new scenario ScenBound. The new scenario shares its data with the
base scenario. To use other boundary conditions in the second scenario do the
following;
Scenario Properties
Choose Scenario Properties from the context menu after the selection of the
second scenario ScenBound in the Scenario Manager. DMS will open the
Scenario Properties dialog box. Change the source of the subject ObjectData
into 'Own data', change also the subject Q-add into 'Own data' (tab General). In
the Scenario Manager disappears the asterisk behind Qadd (schemes) of
scenario ScenBound.
Changing values
Double-click on the subject Q-Add (scheme) of scenario ScenBound in the

Scenario Manager. Select the scheme RiverBound and change the constant
value to 6 m3/day.
Tip
28 Getting Started
There is an alternative way to calculate a new scenario with

other Boundary Conditions. Take the following actions;
1. Create a new boundary scheme RiverBound6 for Q-add
(6 m3/day) in the Base scenario Scenario.
2. Create a new scenario ScenBound2 .
3. Change in the Scenario Properties dialog the source of
the Object Data into 'Own data'.
4. Open the Network window of scenario ScenBound2 ,
select the boundary node and connect the Q-add scheme
RiverBound6 to that node (instead of Riverbound)
User's guide
Calculation
Calculate the scenario ScenBound by giving the Calculate function in the

context menu after selection of the scenario ScenBound in the Scenario
Manager.
Results
Display the results of both scenarios in one Time Graph window. Open a
Network window, select e.g. the weir and open the context menu. Choose Duflow
New Time Graph window, DMS will open the Time Related Graphs dialog box
(the weir is the only available 'section'). Select the Level Begin and Level End for
the source Scenario and also for the source ScenBound. After choosing Ok
DMS will open a Time Related Graph with 4 lines.
User's guide
Getting Started 29
3. User Interface
3.1 User Interface Components

The user interface of the Duflow Modelling Studio (DMS) consists of the
following components:
Menu bar
Toolbars
Status bar
Workspace with the Network window and Results windows
Workspace Manager window (including the Scenario Manager)
Output window
Menus
Toolbars
Workspace
Workspace
Manager
Output
window
Status bar
In DMS commands can be given at five different ways;
User's guide
By making a choices in the menu bar.
User Interface 31
By making choices in the context menu. The context menu appears

on the screen by clicking on the right mouse button. The contents
of the menu depends on the place where and on the selection which
is made before the mouse button is pressed.
By double-clicking on the left mouse button on a selected object or

subject.
By clicking on toolbar icons.
By using keyboard keys.
Note that menu bar, toolbar and key commands are always executed for the
Active Scenario. Use the Set as Active Scenario command to change the Active
Scenario (see chapter 6 Scenario Manager).
3.2 Menu Bar

The DMS Menu bar. contains the following menus
File
Edit
View
Project
Scenario
Calculation
Options
Window
Help
Note that if the Menu bar is used to give commands, these commands are always
executed for the Active Scenario. Use the Set as Active Scenario command to
change the Active Scenario (see chapter 6 Scenario Manager).
If other applications are often used in combination with DMS, the user can add
these tools to the View menu by using the Customize Toolbars, Menus and
Windows command.
3.2.1 File Menu

The File menu offers the following functions:
New
Create a new set of input- and output-files (a

new project).
Open
Open an existing project file.
Close
Close an open project.
Save
Save a project file using the same file name.
Import
Import existing Duflow project files made in a

DOS-version.
Import files in Stekker format.
Export
32 User Interface
Export files in Stekker format.
User's guide
Print
Print the contents of the active view.
Print Preview
Display the view contents on the screen, as it

would appear printed.
Print Setup
Select a printer and printer connection.
Generate Report
Generates a report containing the data of the

project.
Recently opened Files
Open the selected project from the list with

the most recently opened projects.
Exit
Exit the Duflow Modelling Studio.
3.2.2 Edit Menu

The Edit menu offers the following functions:
Undo
Undo the last action (not all actions can be

undone).
Cut
Cut the selection.
Copy
Copy the selection.
Paste
Paste the selection.
Objects ? Properties
Select
Edit the properties of all network objects.

Checks the nodes for selection.
Graphs/Table
Set display options per node for Graph and

Table Windows.
Colors
Configure the colors of the Graph Windows.
Window properties
Set the display properties of the Network

Window or the Graph window.
Presentation Mode
Set the script for the presentation mode.
Presentation Scripts
Edit all presentation scripts schemes.
Editable
Allow or prohibit changes in the Network

Window.
3.2.3 View Menu

The View menu offers the following functions:
User's guide
Toolbar
Show or hide toolbars.
Status Bar
Show or hide the Status bar.
Workbook
Show windows as worksheets in a workbook

or as normal windows.
Workspace Manager
Show or hide the Workspace Manager

Window (including the Scenario Manager)
Output
Show or hide the Output window.
Calc Queue
Show or hide the Queue window.
Calculation Progress
Show or hide the Progress window.
Full Screen
Maximize the active Workspace window to

screen size.
User Interface 33
New Text Window
Open a new Text output window
New Time Graph Window
Open a new Time Related output window
New Space Graph Window
Open a new Graph Related output window
Open Network Window
Open a new Network window
Generate Space Route
Open Route Manager window
3.2.4 Project Menu

The Project menu offers the following functions:
Properties
Set the properties of the project.
3.2.5 Scenario Menu

The Scenario menu offers the following functions:
Add to Queue
Add active scenario to queue.
Calculation Settings
Set the data controlling the calculation.
Description
Edit the description of the scenario.
Properties
Set the properties of the scenario.
Delete
Delete the scenario.
Precipitation
Edit precipitation parameters.
Evaporation
Edit evaporation parameters.
Wind direction
Edit wind direction parameters.
Wind velocity
Edit wind velocity parameters.
Schemes ?
Level
QH
Q-Add
Concentration
Load
Edit all level boundary schemes.

Edit all QH-relation boundary schemes.
Edit all Q-Add boundary schemes.
Edit all concentration boundary schemes.
Edit all load boundary schemes.
Import time series

Export time series
Read all time series from an ASCII-file.

Write all time series to an ASCII-file.
Unpaved schemes
Quality model
?
34 User Interface
Edit the unpaved schemes

Edit
Compile
Edit the Quality model.

Compile the Quality model.
Initial conditions
Set the initial conditions for the scenario
Parameters
Set the parameters for the Quality model.
External Variables
Set the external variables.
Structure Control (old style)
Set the structure control for the scenario

(old version).
Structure Control
Set the structure control for the scenario

(with scriipting).
Mass Balance
View mass balance
User's guide
3.2.6 Calculation Menu

The Calculation menu offers the following functions:
Process Queue
Calculates all processes in queue.
Remove from Queue
Removes active scenario from queue.
Reset Queue
Removes all scenarios from queue.
Update All
Update the calculation.

This command executes the following three
commands; Convert Network, Write Duflow
files, Run Duflow model.
Convert Network
Convert the DMS network into a Duflow

network.
Write Duflow files
Write the Duflow files.
Run Duflow model
Run the Duflow model using the Duflow

files.
Cleanup Network
Clean the Network window by removing the

Calculations points and re-color the objects.
Reset Errors
Reset the errors in the Network window. The

red-colored objects will receive their original
color.
Terminate Calculation
Terminate the calculation or compilation.
3.2.7 Options Menu

The Options menu offers the following functions:
Customize
Configures the DMS toolbars, menus and

windows.
Settings
Sets the directories for the presentation

scripts and other program settings.
3.2.8 Window Menu

The Window menu offers the following functions, which enable you to arrange
multiple project windows in the Workspace.
Cascade
Arranges windows in an overlapped fashion.
Tile
Arranges windows in non-overlapped tiles.
Arrange Icons
Arranges icons of minimised windows.
Window 1, 2,
Activates the specified window.
Windows
Customizes the appearance of the windows

in the Workspace.
3.2.9 Help Menu

The Help menu offers the following functions, which provide you assistance with
DMS.
User's guide
User Interface 35
Help Topics
Provides the topics on which you can get

help.
About DMS
Displays the version number of DMS.
3.3 Toolbars
The Duflow Modelling Studio distinguishes seven toolbars. The Standard
toolbar, the Scenario toolbar, the Window toolbar, the Time Control toolbar and
the Duflow toolbar are displayed across the top of the DMS-window, below the
Menu bar. The Palette toolbar is displayed next to the workspace. The Show
Objects toolbar is standard not displayed.
To hide or display a toolbar, choose Toolbar from the View menu, i.e. the Display
or hide Toolbar command. To customize a toolbar, choose Customize from the
Options menu, i.e. the Customize Toolbars, Menus and Windows function.
change the Active Scenario (Scenario Manager).
3.3.1 Display or Hide Toolbar

Use the Display or hide Toolbar command to display or hide a toolbar. DMS will
open the Toolbars dialog box. DMS displays a toolbar if the checkbox next to this
toolbar is marked.
Command:
Menu bar:
View Toolbar
3.3.2 Standard Toolbar

The Standard toolbar offers the following functions:
Click To
Create a new project.
Open an existing Project. DMS displays the Open dialog box, where you can
locate and open the desired file.
Save the active Project with its current name.
Undo the last action.
Cut the selection.
Copy the selection.
Paste the selection.
Print the active document.
Display the version number of DMS.
Start the Help tool, the help file will be started automatically after a command is
clicked. The description of the chosen topic is shown.
36 User Interface
User's guide
clicked. The description of the chosen topic is shown.

Modify the scripts for the presentation mode.
Edit the Presentation Script of the Network window.
Change the Presentation Mode or Script of the active

Network window.
3.3.3 Scenario Toolbar

The Scenario toolbar offers the following functions:
Click To
Edit the properties of the network objects.
Edit precipitation parameters.
Edit evaporation parameters.
Edit wind direction parameters.
Edit wind velocity parameters.
Add your comments for the scenario.
Calculate the results of the active scenario.
Show or hide the Workspace Manager window (including the Scenario Manager).
Show or hide the Output window.
Edit the level schemes.
Edit the QH-relation schemes.
Edit the Q-Add schemes.
Edit the concentration schemes.
Edit the load schemes.
Edit the calculation settings.
Select the active scenario.
3.3.4 Palette Toolbar

The Palette toolbar offers the following functions:
Click To
Select an object in the network.
Pan the entire network.
Show a part of the network in more detail.
User's guide
User Interface 37
Show a larger part of the network.

Show the values in the graph at the place of the hairline.
Set the layers of the Network window.
Show the entire network.
Add a node to the network.
Add a section to the network.
Add a discharge point to the network.
Add a schematization point to the network.
Add an area to the network.
Add a cross section to the network.
Add a siphon to the network.
Add a culvert to the network.
Add a weir to the network.
Add a pump to the network.
Add a general structure to the network.
Edit the properties of the selected object.
Remove selected object from the network.
Set display options of the Network window.
Set the selection of the network objects.
Show or hide the text IDs of network objects.
Show or hide datatips of network objects.
Locate object in the Network window.
3.3.5 Window Toolbar

The Window toolbar offers the following functions:
Click To
Arrange windows in an overlapped fashion.
Arrange windows in non-overlapped tiles - horizontally.
Arrange windows in non-overlapped tiles - vertically.
Open a new Text window.
Open a new Time Related Graph window.
Open a new Space Related Graph window.
Open a Network window.
38 User Interface
User's guide
3.3.6 Time Control Toolbar

The Time Control toolbar offers the following functions:
Click To
Jump to the first time step.
Jump to the previous time step.
Jump to the next time step.
Jump to the last time step.
Start the timer.
Stop the timer.
Configure the timer.
Presents the current time of the displayed results. The

results will be adjusted if the user changes the time.
3.3.7 Duflow Toolbar

The Duflow toolbar offers the following functions:
Click To
Edit the initial conditions.
Edit the Quality model.
Edit the external variables of the Quality model.
Edit the parameters of the Quality model.
Edit the structure control data (old version).
3.3.8 Show Objects Toolbar

The Show Objects Toolbar offers the following functions:
Click To
Show nodes in the network
Show calculation points in the network
Show sections in the network
Show cross sections in the network
Show syphons in the network
Show culverts in the network
Show weirs in the network
User's guide
User Interface 39
Show pumps in the network

Show general structures in the network
Show schematisation points in the network
Show discharge points in the network
Show areas in the network
Show structure control scripts
3.4 Status Bar

The Status bar is displayed at the bottom of the DMS window. To display or hide
the Status bar, use the Status bar command in the View menu, i.e. the Display or
hide Status bar command.
The left area of the Status bar describes actions of menu items as you use the
arrow keys to navigate through menus. In a similar way the Status bar shows
messages that describe the actions of toolbar buttons as you move across them
with the mouse pointer. Release the mouse button while the pointer is off the
toolbar button if you do not want to execute the command.
The Status bar displays also in the left area the position of the cursor in the
network, while moving the cursor through the window. When editing the Quality
model the right area displays the position of the cursor.
The right areas of the Status bar indicate the position of the cursor in the Quality
model and also indicate which of the following keys are latched down:
Indicator
Description
CAP
The Caps Lock key is latched down.
NUM
The Num Lock key is latched down.
SCRL
The Scroll Lock key is latched down.
3.4.1 Display or Hide Status Bar

Use this command to display or hide the Status bar. This bar displays the action
to be executed by the selected menu item or pressed toolbar button and the
keyboard latch state. A check mark appears next to the menu item when the
Status bar is displayed.
Command:
Menu bar:
40 User Interface
View - Status Bar
User's guide
3.5 Workspace
The Workspace can contain the Network window and Results windows of
different Project and Scenarios. The Network Editor consists of the Network
window and the Palette toolbar.
To open a window use one of the following functions:
Toolbar
Menu
Function
View
Open Network window
View
Open new Text window
View
Open new Time Related Graph window
View
Open new Space Related Graph window
Scenario
Edit Quality Model
Standard
Edit the Presentation Script of the Network window.
To activate a window and bring it to the front use the function Window 1, 2, in
the Window menu, i.e. the Activate Window command. When the windows are
displayed in a workbook it is also possible to activate a window by clicking on its
tab. To display or hide a workbook containing all the open windows use the
Workbook command.
Use the Splitter to modify the size of the Workspace window.
To modify the size of the windows in the Workspace window you can use the
common Windows-buttons. These buttons for Minimize Window, Restore
Window, Maximize Window and Close Window can be found on right side of the
window or on the right side of the Menu bar when the window is maximilized.
Tip
By opening an existing project, DMS can open

automatically the windows that where opened in a previous
session. Use the Program Settings function to mark the
option Reload Windows in the Program Settings dialog
box.
To modify the appearance of the Workspace window(s) DMS offers the following
functions:
User's guide
Full Screen
Workbook
Arrange windows
Tile windows
Arrange icons
Activate Windows
Windows
User Interface 41
3.5.1 Full Screen

Use this command to maximize the active Workspace window to screen size.
Press the Escape button to restore the window to its original size.
Command:
Menu bar:
View Full Screen
Keys:
Alt-Enter
3.5.2 Workbook
Use the Workbook command to show windows as worksheets in a workbook or
as normal windows.
Command:
Menu bar:
View - Workbook
3.5.3 Arrange Windows

Use the Cascade Windows command to arrange multiple open windows in an
overlapped fashion.
Command:
Menu bar:
Window - Cascade
Toolbar:
3.5.4 Tile Windows

Use the Tile Windows command to vertically arrange multiple open windows in a
non-overlapped fashion.
Command:
Menu bar:
Window - Tile
Toolbar:
To horizontally arrange multiple open windows in a non-overlapped fashion you
can use the following shortcut:
Toolbar:
3.5.5 Arrange Icons

Use the Arrange Icons command to arrange the icons of minimised windows at
the bottom of the main window. If there is an open window at the bottom of the
Workspace, some or all of the icons may not be visible because they will be
underneath the active window.
Command:
42 User Interface
User's guide
Menu bar:
Window - Arrange Icons
3.5.6 Activate Window

DMS displays a list of open windows at the bottom of the menu. A check mark
appears in front of the listed window name of the active window. Choose a
window from this list to bring it to the front.
Command:
Menu bar:
Window - Windows 1,2
3.5.7 Windows
Use this function to customize the appearance of the Windows in the
Workspace. DMS opens the Windows dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Window Windows
3.6 Workspace Manager window

The Workspace Manager window consists of two tabs.
On the Scenario Manager tab a project-tree for all open Projects is displayed. To
display or hide all the Scenarios of the project click with the left mouse button on
the plus- or minus sign before the Project name. To display or hide the subjects
of a Scenario click with the left mouse button on the plus- or minus sign before
the Scenario name. To change the font in the Scenario Manager, click on the right
mouse button outside the project-tree.
On the Presentation Mode tab all available Presentation scripts are presented. To
modify a Presentation Script, double click on the left mouse button on a script.
DMS will open a Window in the Workspace with the contents of the script.
To display or hide the Workspace Manager window, use the Workspace
Manager command in the View menu, i.e. the Display or hide Workspace
Manager window command.
Use the Splitter to modify the size of the Workspace Manager window.
3.6.1 Display or Hide Workspace Manager

Use this command to display or hide the Workspace Manager Window. The
Workspace Manger window contains the Scenario Manager, with the model data
and one or more Scenarios and an overview of the Presentation Scripts.
Command:
Menu bar:
View - Workspace Manager
Toolbar:
User's guide
User Interface 43
Keys:
ALT+0
3.7 Output window

The progress of DMS-actions is displayed in the Output window. When errors
occur during these processes the error messages are also shown in this window.
Sometimes the error message will give on a clue how to solve the problem that
caused the error. To display or hide the Output window, use the Display or hide
Output command. Use the Splitter to modify the size of the Output window.
3.7.1 Display or Hide Output

Use the Display or hide Output command to display or hide the Output Window,
which contains messages according the progress of the calculation.
Command:
Menu bar:
View - Output
Toolbar:
Keys:
ALT+2
3.8 DMS Functions

The following functions can be used in all parts of DMS:
Undo last action
Cut, Copy and Paste selection
Print, Print Preview and Print Setup
Customize toolbars, menu and windows
Program settings
Splitter
Help and Context Help
About DMS
Exit DMS
3.8.1 Undo Last Action

Use this command to undo the last action.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Undo
Toolbar:
44 User Interface
User's guide
Keys:
CRTL+Z
3.8.2 Cut Selection

Use this command to cut the selection. You can paste this selection elsewhere by
using the Paste command.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Cut
Toolbar:
Keys:
CRTL+X
3.8.3 Copy Selection

Use this command to copy the selection. You can paste this selection elsewhere
by using the Paste command.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Copy
Toolbar:
Keys:
CRTL+C
3.8.4 Paste Selection

Use this command to paste the cut or copied selection.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Paste
Toolbar:
Keys:
CRTL+V
3.8.5 Print
Use this function to print a document. This command presents a Print dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
File - Print
Toolbar:
Keys:
CTRL+P
Dialog box:
User's guide
User Interface 45
In this dialog box one of the following options can be chosen before the printing
starts:
Print Range
Specify the pages you want to print.

All - prints the entire document.
Pages - prints the pages you specify.
Print Quality
Choose the desired print quality.
Print to File
Prints to a file on the drive you specify instead of

routing it directly to a printer. The Project print
commands are stored in a file so that you can print
from another computer (with the same printer driver)
that does not have DMS installed.
When you choose the OK button, DMS displays a
dialog box for specifying a new filename
Copies
Type the number of copies for printing.
Collate Copies
Organises pages when printing multiple copies. DMS

prints a complete copy of the first documents before it
begins to print the first page of the second document.
Printer
Select a printer and a printer connection. You can also

control default printer settings for the selected printer.
See Print Set-up dialog box.
3.8.6 Print Preview

Use this command to display the active view, as it would appear when printed.
When choosing this command, the main window will be replaced with a Print
Preview window in which one or two pages will be displayed in their printed
format.
The Print Preview toolbar provides options for viewing either one or two pages at
a time; moving back and forth through the document; zooming in and out of
pages; and initiating a print job.
Command:
Menu bar:
File - Print Preview
3.8.7 Print Setup

Use this function to select a printer and a printer connection. This command
presents a Print Setup dialog box, where you specify the printer and its
connection. You can also control default printer settings for the selected printer.
All options are printer specific.
Command:
Menu bar:
46 User Interface
File - Print Setup
User's guide
3.8.8 Generate Report

With this function the user can change the contents of the report. In the report all
the input data of the model can be printed to a tab-delimited ASCII file. This file
can easily be imported into a spreadsheet program.
Command:
Menu bar:
File Generate Report
Dialog box:
In the Generate Report dialog box the following options can be set:
User's guide
Active project
Generate a report containing the data of all scenarios in the

project.
Active scenario
Generate a report of only the active scenarios.
Scenario properties
Print the scenario properties of the scenarios.
Network
Print the network lay-out of the model. For each section

the length is printed, the begin and end nodes, and all
objects connected to this section.
Objectdata
All the data related to the objects (nodes, sections, points

and structures) in the model are printed in the report file.
The ids of the objects are printed in alphabetical order.
Schemes related to
object data
Default only the names of the schemes are printed in the

report file. By checking Cross Sections, Boundary
conditions and Other Scheme data also the data of these
schemes are Qadd concentrations and the QH tables.
Other Scheme data
The data of all other schemes, such as Unpaved schemes

(RAM), discharge shape schemes (TEWOR) and structure
shape schemes are printed in the report file.
Output file
In output file the name and location of the output file can
be specified. Default the name is report.out and the
location is the same directory as the project file.
User Interface 47
Note:
In the report file the floating point values are printed with a point as a
decimal symbol. If the Windows settings have a comma as decimal
symbol, the Windows spreadsheet programs, such as MS Excel, converts
the values incorrect. In this case the country settings must be changed in
such a way that the decimal symbol is a point.
3.8.9 Customize
Use the Customize function to customize the styles, colors and other features in
the DMS windows. DMS will show the Customize dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Options - Customize
Dialog box:
The Toolbar tab offers the following options:

Toolbars
Shows a list of the available toolbars. To show or hide the

toolbar check the specified toolbar in the list.
Toolbar name
Name of the toolbar. Only the name of user-defined

toolbars can be changed.
Show Tooltips
By choosing this option a short description of the button

will be displayed when the cursor is placed on the button.
Cool Look
Cool looking buttons do not have a border above.
Large Buttons
Use this option to increase the size of the buttons.
New or Delete
Use the New or Delete button to add or remove toolbars.

Only user-defined toolbars may be removed.
On the Command tab the buttons of the commands belonging to the selected
category are displayed. By dragging a button to a toolbar the button is added to
the toolbar. By dragging it from the toolbar the button will be removed from the
toolbar.
On the Tools tab new tool commands can be added to the View menu. This can
be done if other applications are often used in combination with DMS.
48 User Interface
User's guide
The Format tab offers options to customize the font and the color for each of the
DMS windows.
3.8.10 Program Settings

Use the Program Settings function to set the Program Settings such as the
directories for the Presentation Scripts. DMS will show the Program Settings
dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Options - Settings
Dialog box:
In the Program Settings dialog box the following options can be set:
Presentation Script
directories
The directories with Presentation Script files.

Presentation Script files have the extension *.PSF. The
default Presentation directory is
C:\Duflow\Presentation. Example scripts are available
in this directory.
Using the following buttons can change contents of the
directory list.
Add a new directory. In the list a new line
appears. Use the button on the new line to
open the Select Directory dialog box.
Delete the selected directory.
Move to the previous directory.
Move to the next directory.
Reopen window when

opening the project
By opening a project, the windows, which where

opened the last time this Project was opened, will be
reopened automatically.
Reload Projects at
startup
By starting DMS, the projects that where opened at

the previous session will be reopened automatically.
Always allow jumps in

objects property dialog
This option makes it possible in the Object Properties

dialog box (General tab) to jump to the related object.
Note that the performance of DMS while changing
object properties decreases when this option is chosen.
3.8.11 Splitter
The DMS-window is divided into the Workspace Manger window, the
Workspace and the Output window.
Splitter symbol:
The Splitter influences the space relation between the three parts. This is the
horizontal or vertical bar between the parts. Moving the mouse above the bar will
change the mouse pointer, into a splitter icon. Dragging the splitter icon moves
the bar.
User's guide
User Interface 49
3.8.12 Help Topics

Use this command to display the opening screen of DMS help. From the opening
screen you can jump to several DMS help topics.
Once you open Help, you can click the Contents button whenever you want to
return to the opening screen.
Command:
Menu bar:
Help - Help Topics
3.8.13 Context Help

Use the Context Help function to obtain help on some portion of DMS. When
you choose the Toolbar's Context Help button, the mouse pointer will change to
an arrow and question mark. The Help topic will be displayed for the next clicked
item.
Command:
Toolbar:
Keys:
SHIFT+F1
3.8.14 About DMS

Use this function to display the Copyright notice and version number of your
copy of DMS, in the About DMS dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Help - About DMS
Toolbar:
Dialog box:
The About DMS dialog box contains the application name and logo, the DMS
version number the Copyright statement. This dialog box also contains a link to
the Duflow Internet site.
By clicking on the Modules button DMS will show the Modules dialog box
with more detailed information about the installed modules.
3.8.15 Exit DMS

Use this command to end the DMS session. You can also use the Close command
on the application control menu. DMS prompts you to save projects with
unsaved changes.
Command:
Menu bar:
50 User Interface
File - Exit
User's guide
User's guide
Mouse:
Click the application's Exit button.
Keys:
ALT+F4
User Interface 51
4. Project and Scenario Manager
4.1 Project versus Scenario

In DMS a Duflow model is considered as a Project. To build a model in DMS you
have to create a new Project. A Project consists of one or more Scenarios. If a
new Project is created, the first Scenario will be created automatically. The first
Scenario is the base Scenario. A Scenario contains the input data of the model.
The following types of data can be distinguished;
Description of the scenario.
Schematization / Network Objects.
Initial Conditions.
Boundary Conditions, stored in schemes.
Other conditions and schemes

(precipitation, evaporation, wind direction, wind velocity and
unpaved schemes).
Quality Model.
(Quality Model description file, parameters, external variables)
Calculation Settings.
The Network schematization can be build with the Network Editor. The Scenario
Manager supports the user to enter the other data.
effect of changes in the base scenario. The Scenario Manager manages all the
data and information needed to run the various simulation model scenarios and to
store and administrate all scenarios which have been run. It also supervises over
the integrity of the data and makes it possible to quickly view and compare the
results of calculations made with different input parameters.
Every Project is stored in its own directory under the project name given by the
user. The data of a Scenario is stored in a sub directory of the Project directory
under the Scenario name as given by the user.
Related topics:
New Project
Open Project
Project Properties
Usage of the Network Editor
User's guide
Project and Scenario Manager 53
Usage of the Scenario Manager
4.1.1 Project Properties

Use this function to set the properties of the project. After selecting this
command DMS will show the Project Properties dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Project - Properties
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window after the selection of a

project - Properties
Dialog box:
In the Projects Properties dialog box it can be specified whether to use a
geographical background or not. To define the layers of the geographical
background use the Display Layers function.
Also the file format used for saving the project properties and objects can be set.
The following options are available:
Old bmf
Binary format. This is the standard Duflow format. Saving
large projects might take long. In that case, it's recommended
to use 'DMS xml' format.
DMS xml
Ascii format. These files are easy to view in an external editor.

Saving large projects goes much faster than in Old bmf format.
4.2 Project Functions

DMS offers the following functions to add or modify Projects.
New Project
Open Project
Close Project
Save Project
With the Import Files function Projects or Project files, which were made in
Duflow for Dos or in Stekker format, can be easily imported in DMS.
DMS offers no function to delete a project. Projects can be deleted by using a file
manager program and deleting the directory of the Project and its contents.
The properties of a Project can be set with the Project Properties function.
4.2.1 New Project

Use this function to create a new Project in DMS. DMS will display the New
Project dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
File New
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager outside the project-tree - New

Project
54 Project and Scenario Manager
User's guide
Project
Toolbar:
Keys:
CTRL+N
Dialog box:
In the New Project dialog box you can specify the Project name and first Scenario
name you wish to use in the DMS project. All Project data (or reference to data in
files) will be stored in a Project file after choosing Save in the File menu.
The selection of the location of the Project directory can be made after clicking
the Browse button behind the edit field. The displayed selection dialog is the
Browse for Folder dialog box.
The following options allow you to specify the initial settings of the Network
window:
X Co-ordinate
The X co-ordinate of the bottom left-hand corner of the

Network window when it is opened for the first time
within this project. The unit of the X co-ordinate is
metre [m].
Y Co-ordinate
The Y co-ordinate of the bottom left-hand corner of the

Network window when it is opened for the first time
within this project. The unit of the Y co-ordinate is
metre [m].
Numbers of metres per

pixel
The scaling of the Network window when it is opened

for the first time within this project.
You can open an existing Project File with the Open Project function.
Related topics:
Open Project
4.2.2 Open Project

Use this function to open an existing Project file. Select the file in the File Open
dialog box. The following options allow you to specify which file to open:
Look in
Select the drive and directory in which DMS locates

the file that you want to open.
File Name
Type or select the file you want to open. The listbox

lists files with the extension you select in the Files of
Type combobox.
Files of Type
Select the type of file you want to open.

*.DMS is the extension for a Project file.
If the project is recently modified, try to use the Recently Opened Projects
function.
You can open multiple projects. Use the Window menu to switch among the
multiple open Projects.
A project can also be opened by double clicking on the *.DMS file in the
Explorer.
You can create a new project with the New Project function.
Command:
User's guide
Menu bar:
File - Open
Toolbar:
Keys:
Tip
CTRL+O
By starting a new session, DMS can open automatically the
projects that where opened in a previous session. Use the
Program Settings function to mark the option Reload
Documents in the Program Settings dialog box.
By marking the option Reload Windows in the Program
Settings dialog box also the windows of the project will be
opened again.
4.2.3 Close Project

Use this command to close the Project. DMS suggests that you save changes to
your files before you close the Project. Before closing the Project without saving,
all changes made since the last save will be lost.
DMS prompts you to save Projects with unsaved changes.
Command:
Menu bar:
File Close
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager after the selection of a project Close
4.2.4 Save Project

Use this command to save the Project (*.DMS) files to its current name and path.
Command:
Menu bar:
File Save
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager after the selection of a project - Save
Toolbar:
Keys:
CTRL+S
4.2.5 Change Name

Use this function to change a project name. This will not update the
corresponding Windows Folder in Explorer. It puts an extra project file into
project directory (NewProjectName.dms).
Command:
Double click:
Tip
In the Scenario Manager window on Project name.

The old project file (OldProjectName.dms) will stay present in
project directory. It can be deleted manually in Explorer.
User's guide
Related topics:
New Scenario
4.2.6 Import Files

Use this function to import a Project or Project files, which were made in the DOSversion of Duflow or in RAM 1.0 or in Stekker format. DMS will show the Open
file dialog box.
To import a complete Duflow 2.04 or 2.05 project at once select in the Open dialog
box the name of the Project (*.PRJ) file. Note that by importing files, all currently
defined network objects will be replaced or lost. DMS will prompt you to
acknowledge this.
To import a network in Stekker format select in the Open dialog box the Stekker
file (*.DAT).
The following file-types are feasible:
Name
Extension
Description
Duflow Projects File
*.PRJ
File that contains a list of the files

needed to run the complete Duflow
model.
RAM Projects File
*.RAM
File that contains a list of the files

needed to run the complete RAM model.
Boundary Conditions Flow

File
*.BND
In this file all boundary conditions

related to the flow are stored.
Boundary Conditions
Quality File
*.BNK
In this file all boundary conditions

related to the quality are stored.
Initial Conditions Flow File
*.BEG
In this file all initial conditions related to

the flow are stored.
Initial Conditions Quality

File
*.BEK

the quality are stored.
Control Settings File
*.CTR
File that contains the input data entered

in Control data.
External Variables File
*.EXT
In this file all external variables of the

quality model are stored.
Node Settings File
*.LAM
Custom RAM settings are stored in this

file.
Node File
*.NOD
File that contains the position of nodes

in the network.
Network File
*.NET
The nodes are connected through a

network. The Network File contains the
network, and its geographical dispersion.
Parameters File
*.PRM
In this file all parameters of the quality

model are stored.
Stekker File
*.DAT
File that contains network data in

Stekker format (Plugin-manager).
The displayed selection dialog is the same as the Open dialog box
You can save the old Project as a new Project (*.DMS) file with the Save as
function.
User's guide
Command:
Menu bar:
File - Import
Tip
Before importing a *PRJ or a *.NOD file make sure that the

co-ordinates in the nodes are not equal to zero. If so, all the
objects in the Network window will be positioned in one
place which makes it impossible to use the functions of the
Network window.
Tip
Before importing a project file (*.PRJ) or flow boundary file

(*.BND) make sure that if more than one flow boundary
condition is defined on one node, every flow boundary
condition on that node has its own unique condition
number. Otherwise only one flow boundary condition for
that node will be converted.
4.2.7 Recently Opened Projects

Use the numbers and filenames listed at the bottom of the File menu to open one
of the last six closed Projects. Choose the Project you wish to open.
Command:
Menu bar:
File - Recently Opened Projects 1,2.
4.3 Usage of the Scenario Manager

A Scenario contains the input data of the model. The following types of data can
be distinguished:
Description of the scenario.
Schematization / Network Objects.
Initial Conditions.
Boundary Conditions stored in schemes.
Other conditions and schemes.

(precipitation, evaporation, wind direction, wind velocity, structure
control and unpaved schemes)
Quality Model.
(Quality Model description file, parameters, external variables)
The input data are divided into several subjects. These subjects are made visible
in the Scenario Manager. Double clicking on the subject in the Scenario Manager
will open a related window or dialog box. Clicking with the right mouse button on
the subject in the Scenario Manager will open the context menu. The scenario,
which is displayed in a bold font, is the so-called active scenario. Commands
given by menu choices or toolbars will always be executed for the active
scenario.
User's guide
effect of changes in the base scenario.
The Scenario Manager is there to manage all the data and information needed to
run various simulation model scenarios and to store and administrate all
scenarios which have been run. The scenario manager facilitates the user in
managing different input data within the same project. It also supervises over the
integrity of the data and makes it possible to quickly view and compare the
results of calculations made with different input parameters.
The scenario manager has three main tasks:
Facilitation of managing a project. A project consists of in- and

output data that belong together. This data is kept in the form of
files. A user can frequently alter certain parameters of the input data
to view the effects on the calculation results. The scenario manager
makes it possible to save an associated set of data together as one
scenario.
Supervision of the integrity of the data within the scenario. When

the user alters some of the input parameters of a scenario, the data
dependent on these parameters, such as the output results, will not
contain the correct information. Within DMS, the user will not be
able to view this information in the form of tables or graphs unless
the information is updated by a new calculation.
Managing the input parameters when using more than one scenario
within the same project. The scenario manager makes it possible to
easily combine input parameters from different scenarios. When
creating a new scenario, the user may decide to keep some of the
input the same as the base scenario. On the other hand, it is also
possible to define a local copy of the input data for making
modifications while keeping the base scenario unchanged.
Related topics:
Managing Scenarios
Scenario description
Network Objects.
Initial Conditions.
Boundary Conditions
Quality Model
4.3.1 Managing Scenarios

Within a project it is possible to define several scenarios. The first scenario
created by the user is automatically defined as the base scenario when a new
project is created. Scenarios that are created after this base scenario automatically
contain references to the base scenario. New scenarios can be added with the
New Scenario function. Using the Scenario Description function one can enter a
short description of the scenario.
User's guide
By adjusting the Scenario Properties, the user can easily combine input data from
different scenarios.
Tip
If in the Scenario Manager the subject is marked with an

asterisk, this means that these data are used from another
Scenario. The subjects in the base scenario are of course never
marked.
When using references to other scenarios, the data is shared. Modifying the
shared data at one location means that the data will be changed for all scenarios
sharing this data.
The advantage of using references to data from other scenarios is the possibility
to change something in, for instance, the network of the base scenario and
subsequently calculate the consequences for all scenarios that use the network
of the base scenario.
change the Active Scenario.
Scenarios can be deleted with the Delete Scenario command. The base scenario
can not be deleted.
Related topics:
New Scenario
Scenario Description
Set as Active Scenario
Scenario Properties
Delete Scenario
4.3.2 New Scenario

Use this function to define more than one Scenario in a Project. DMS will show
the New Scenario dialog box to specify the name of the new Scenario and the
source of the new Scenario. Default this is the base scenario.
Command:
Context menu:

project - New Scenario
Dialog box:
In the New Scenario dialog box you can specify the name of the new scenario and
select the scenario you want to copy. As default this is the base scenario. DMS
will create a new scenario directory in the project directory.
The data of the new Scenario will be primarily based on the data of the base
Scenario. If other data than the Calculation Settings, Description or Initial
Conditions should be changed in the new scenario, than the Scenario Properties
of the new Scenario should be changed.
Related topics:
User's guide
4.3.3 Change Scenario Name

Use this function to change a scenario name. This will automatically update the
corresponding Windows Folder in Explorer.
Command:
Double click:
Warning
In the Scenario Manager window on Scenario name.

If you change the name and close the project without saving,
the next time Duflow opens the project it will not find the
scenario.
Related topics:
4.3.4 Scenario Description

Use this function to add comments about a Scenario. DMS will show the Scenario
Description dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Description
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Description - Edit
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Description
Toolbar:
Dialog box:
In the Scenario Description dialog box you can add comments about the scenario.
Related topics:
4.3.5 Set as Active Scenario

Use this command to set the selected Scenario as active Scenario. All commands
activated by choices in the menu bar or toolbars will be executed for the active
Scenario.
Command:
Context menu:

scenario - Set as Active Scenario
Toolbar:
User's guide
4.3.6 Scenario Properties

Use this function to set the properties of the scenario. After the selection of this
command DMS will show the Scenario Properties dialog box.
The data of a Scenario are grouped into subjects. The subjects are mentioned in
the following table:
Level
Subject
Data
Module
Relation with
Scenario
Description
Precipitation
Precipitation scheme
General
Evaporation
Evaporation scheme
General
Wind velocity
Wind velocity scheme
General
Wind direction
Wind direction scheme
General
Quality Model
Quality Model
Duflow
Parameters
(Quality Model)
Output Variables
(Quality Model)
Schematization
Schematization
All objects and their relations
General
Object data
Object
Initial Conditions
(Quality Model)
Object data
Object ID's / names,
General
Co-ordinates / Length / Distance

Structure properties,
Cross sectional data,
Boundary Cond. scheme names,
Quality Model / Schemes
External Var. scheme names
Quality Model / Schemes
Structure control
Structure control
Duflow
Scheme
Qadd
Qadd
General
Object data
(contents)
QH
QH
General
Object data
Level
Level
General
Object data
Concentration
Concentration
General
Object data / Quality Model
Load
Load
General
Unpaved Surface
Unpaved Surface
RAM
Object data
External Variables
External Variables
Duflow
The source of every subject of the base scenario is always set to Own data and
can not be changed. This means that the base scenario owns its own data.
In case of a new scenario second, third etc. the user can choose for each
subject of that scenario to use the data from another scenario (reference) or to
define a local copy and use this data (own data). The default value for the source
of a subject in a new scenario is always set on a reference to the base scenario.
If in a new i.e. second or third or etc. scenario the Description, Calculation
Settings, Parameter values, Output Variables or Initial Conditions should be
changed, than it can be done without modifying the Scenario Properties.
If other data should be changed in a new scenario, the user should set the
Property of the related subject to Own data. In that case, the data is initially
copied from the base scenario. When the new scenario owns the data, the data
can be changed without effecting the data of other scenarios.
User's guide
There are some restrictions in changing the source of a subject. It is not allowed
to let a source of a higher level subject differ from a related lower level subject.
(Scenario is the highest level, scheme the lowest level.). For example if you want
to set the source for the subject Schematization to Own data, also the source of
objectdata has to be set to Own data because Schematization has a relation with
Object data.
Examples
To analyse the effect on the results when using other Initial Conditions, do the
following:
Create a new scenario.
Change the initial conditions in the new scenario (dont modify the
Scenario Properties !)
To make calculations with different Precipitation intensities:
Change the source of the subject Precipitation to Own data.
To analyse the effects of building a structure in an existing network or changing

a cross sectional profile, do the following:
Change the source of the subjects Schematization and Object data

to Own data.
To analyse the effects of another Boundary Condition in an existing network, e.g.

another Q-add time series you have two options:
Change the source of the Object data to 'Own data', change the
source of Q-Add scheme also to Own data.
Change in the new scenario the time series of the Q-Add scheme
that is used as Boundary Condition.
Another solution is the following:
User's guide
Add a new Q-Add scheme to the base scenario.
Change the source of the Object data to Own data.
Connect in the new scenario the new Q-Add scheme to the Node at
the boundary of the network.
Quality Model
In case of Quality modelling the following combinations of properties are allowed
in the new scenario 'Scenario1':
Object
Data
Quality
Model
External
Variables
Description
Scenario
Scenario
Scenario
No changes in the Quality model

compared to base scenario
'Scenario'
Own data
Scenario
Scenario
No changes in the Quality model

'Scenario', but some changes in
the Flow model compared to the
Flow model of base scenario
'Scenario'
Own data
Scenario
Own data
Other values other schemes

are used for the External
Variables in scenario 'Scenario1'
'Scenario'
Own data
Own data
Own data
'Scenario2' uses a different

Quality model compared to base
scenario 'Scenario'
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Properties
Context menu:

scenario Properties
Dialog box:
The Scenario may contain the input data itself or it may contain a reference to
input data of another Scenario. In this dialog box a list of subjects is shown. Each
subject refers to certain types of data items, defined by the user. Next to each
subject, the user can choose the source of the data to be used for this Scenario.
Per subject the following information about the model is stored:
General
Schematization
All data concerning the layout of the network,

such as the length of the sections, as calculated
by the network editor.
Object data
The properties of all objects defined in the

network, such as the cross sectional profiles
and the structure properties.
Precipitation
Precipitation data
Evaporation
Evaporation data
QH,
Qadd,
Level,
Concentration and
Load
The values of the boundary schemes.
Direction and Velocity
The wind direction and wind velocity
User's guide
information.
RAM
Unpaved
The values in the Unpaved schemes.
Duflow
External Variables
The values in the External Variable schemes.
Quality Model
The used Quality Model and related data like

parameters.
Structure Control
All data defined by the controlling of structures.
option Generate
version 2.05 files
By selecting the option Generate version 2.05

files the Duflow files will be written in the old
format.
This option makes is possible to compare the
results in DMS with the results from Duflow for
DOS 2.0x.
Note that the 2.05 format is not millennium
proof. The default file format is 3.0.
Tewor
Discharge-shape
The values in the Discharge-shape schemes.
By default, DMS will refer to the first created Scenario (the base Scenario) for all
subjects. The user can refer to the source of another Scenario by clicking on the
arrow at the right side of the list. DMS will show a list of all available Scenario
sources. Within this list, there is also the possibility to choose: 'own data'. If this
is chosen, the data for the given subject will be stored in this scenario directory
instead of another scenario directory. All changes made within the data
contained by the subject with 'own data' chosen will now only affect the current
scenario. The other Scenarios within the Project will remain unchanged.
Related topics:
Managing Scenarios
4.3.7 Delete Scenario

Use this command to delete the Scenario. DMS will prompt you to either delete
the Scenario directory with all its contents (Yes), delete the scenario from the
project, but leave the files in the scenario directory intact (No) or do nothing
(Cancel).
The base scenario can not be deleted.
Command:
User's guide
Menu bar:
Scenario Delete
Context menu:

Scenario Delete Scenario
4.4 Usage of Schemes and Time Series

Much of the data in DMS is stored in schemes. Using schemes makes it easy to
add or modify data without overwriting the old data. Schemes can be connected
to Network objects. Just connecting another scheme can change the properties of
an object. It is also possible to change the properties of several objects, which
use the same scheme by modifying the values of that scheme.
The selection of the connected scheme takes place in the Select Scheme dialog
box. After the selection of a scheme it is possible to modify the scheme in the
Modify Scheme dilaog box. This dialog box will also be shown when a new
scheme is added.
Most schemes contain different kinds of time series. A time series contains a
series of values for a time dependent variable or parameter. Time series are
inserted by the users or can be imported from an existing ASCII-file.
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions
Select Scheme
Import Time Series
Export Time Series
4.4.1 Select Scheme

Properties describing the data are grouped in a scheme. All available schemes are
shown in the list in the Select Scheme dialog box.
Command:
See appropiate scheme for:
Level
QH-Relation
Q-Add / Discharge
Concentration
Load
Precipitation
Evaporation
Unpaved Surface
CrossSection
Dialog box:
User's guide
The following buttons are available in the Select Scheme dialog box:
Add, Modify
Schemes can be added or modified by using the

appropriate button. Modify will show the Modify
Scheme dialog box with the existing scheme values.
Add will show the same dialog box with empty
values/fields.
Copy
Copies the selected schemes in the listbox to make

small alterations without changing the original. The
copied scheme has the same name plus an added
number.
Delete
Deletes the selected scheme.
View Use
Opens the Scheme Usage dialog box with an overview

of the objects that use the selected scheme.
Related topics:
Usage of schemes and time series
Modify Scheme
Scheme Usage
4.4.2 Scheme Usage

The Scheme Usage dialog box displays an overview of all objects that use the
selected scheme.
Command:
Dialog box:
Select Scheme on <View Use>.
Related topics:
Select Scheme
4.4.3 Modify Scheme (time series)

Many schemes are in fact time series schemes. Per date and time a specific value
can be given. The Modify Scheme dialog box is also used to modify time series.
Command:
Dialog box:
Select Scheme on <Add> or <Modify>.
Dialog Box:
User's guide
A time series can be constant, equidistant (all values separated by an equal time
step), or non-equidistant (the time between values differ). When switching from
non-equidistant to equidistant date and time, the value is changed to fit this
equidistant requirement. It is also possible to formulate the time scheme as a
Fourier series.
The time series options can be set in the Modify Time Series Settings dilaog box,
after clicking the Modify button.
After inserting a time series a graph is showed when checking the Show Example
Graph checkbox.
Modifying the values or the time at which they occur is done by using one of the
following commands:
Insert before
Inserts a new value based on the step size before the

highlighted line in the list.
Insert after
Inserts a new value based on the step size after the

highlighted line in the list.
Shift
Shifts the highlighted lines in the list, using the Shift

Values dialog box. In this dialog box it is also possible
to alter the start date and time of the simulation.
In an equidistant time series the Shift values option
can only be used if all values are selected. The series
must remain complete, i.e. there must be a value for
User's guide
every time step. Shifting values to another date, and

thereby breaking the time chain is not allowed.
Remove
Removes the highlighted lines from the list.
Select All
Selects all lines in the list so that they can be

manipulated together.
Show Example Graph
Shows time graph of selected Time Series
Import
Enables you to import a time seriess file from an

external ASCII file, saving you the trouble of entering
this data manually. The format for the date is jjjj-mmdd or jjjj/mm/dd, the format for the time is hh:mm:ss.
Two types of data files can be read:
Equidistant time series:
A record of the data file contains only one variable
value. The file itself may be of a free format, values
can be separated by a blank, [Tab] or [Return]. After
importing the file the "Start date", "Start time" and
"Interval" must be specified. These items therefore
must not be stored in the external file. The default
values are equal to the default format in the Model
Time Series Settings dialog box.
Non-equidistant time series:
A record of the data file must contain date, time and
actual value. During the import the data will be
written to a Duflow input file. When later on,
changes are made in the ASCII file, the Duflow input
file will not be updated.
Export
Enables you to export a time seriess to an external

ASCII file.
Related topics:
Select Scheme
Modify Time Series Settings
Shift Values
4.4.4 Modify Time Series Settings

The Modify Time series dialog box enables you to change the properties of a time
series.
Command:
Dialog box:
Modify Scheme on <Modify>.
Dialog Box:
User's guide
DMS supports the following possibilities for entering time dependent functions:
Constant
The input variable is constant in time.
Fourier Series
The input variable can be formulated as a Fourier series.
360
P1
yt
Value at time t.
y0
Mean value.
yk
Amplitude of kth component.
Component number.
Number of components.
P1
Cycle first component.
Frequency
Time
Phase of kth component (in degrees).
Equidistant Time series

An equidistant time series which covers the entire simulation period plus one
"Time step Quality".
Non-equidistant Time series
A non-equidistant time series needs to cover the entire simulation period.
Numerical values should be entered for date, time and actual value. The values
used by Duflow will be calculated by means of linear interpolation.
Whenever you change these settings and press OK, DMS will ask you to confirm
the conversion.
Related topics:
Modify Scheme
4.4.5 Shift Values

To shift an existing value to a new date, use this dialog box.
Command:
Dialog box:
Modify Scheme on <Shift>.
User's guide
Dialog Box:
Choose whether the value has to go forward or backward in time, specify the day,
hour, minutes and seconds of the shift or set a new start date and time of the time
series.
Related topics:
Modify Scheme
4.4.6 Import Time Series

Use this function to read the Boundary Conditions for Level, Discharge,
Concentration and Load from an external ASCII-file. DMS will open a dialog box
to select the so-called Time Series file (*.TSS). The format of the file is described
in the Duflow Reference Manual.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario Schemes Import Time Series
Context menu:

scenario Import Time Series
Dialog box:
Modify Scheme on <Import>.
Tip
Create and change a simple Time Series file, which can be done
with the Export Time Series function, instead of creating a large
file from scratch.
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions
Export Time Series
4.4.7 Export Time Series

Use this function to write the Boundary Conditions for Level, Discharge,
Concentration and Load to an external ASCII-file. DMS will open a dialog box to
set the name and directory of the so-called Time Series file (*.TSS). The format of
the file is described in the Duflow Reference Manual.
User's guide
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario Schemes Export Time Series
Context menu:

scenario Export Time Series
Dialog box:
Modify Scheme on <Export>.
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions
Import Time Series
User's guide
5. Network Editor
5.1 Usage of the Network Editor

The Network Editor is a graphical editor that enables you to interactively draw
the network schematization. The Network editor consists of the Network window
and the Palette toolbar. The desired network object (e.g. a node) can easily be
selected from the Palette toolbar. The mouse is used to place the object in the
Network window. When opened, the Network window appears in the Workspace.
A network can be easily built on a Map layer, reducing the errors in the
schematization of a surface water system.
This Network Editor is based on the standard exchange format (SUF), which has
consequences for the way in which the network is set up.
In the standard exchange format, a schematization is built up of nodes and
sections.
Nodes are points at which one or more sections arises or end.
The following quantities can be defined on a section:
Structures such as weirs, culverts, siphons, pumps and general

structures like underflows.
Area points.
In area points the drainage from the areas (due to rainfall) and
evaporation is taken into account for the surface water.
Discharge points.
These points take waste loads at the surface water into account.
Cross sectional data,

such as resistance coefficients and cross sectional profile.
Schematization points.
In these points the results of the calculations are recorded. Area
and Discharge points are attached on schematization points. On a
schematization point one or more areas and discharges may be
defined.
The schematization is set up and adjusted by selecting and dragging the objects
from the Palette toolbar into the Network window.
By selecting objects in the Network window, one can activate the Object
Properties dialog box, where the properties of these objects can be modified.
User's guide
Network Editor 73
The length of the sections and the distances of the objects from the begin node of the section where they are defined on - is automatically calculated by DMS.
This calculated lengths and distances are based on the positions of the (begin)
nodes and objects in the Network window. By entering a check mark behind the
field Distance (Length in case of a section), which is a property of an object, the
user can override the calculated value of DMS.
Tip
If the calculated section length or object distance is overruled

by the user, DMS will mark these objects in the Network
window with a thick dark green border.
In DMS nodes are defined at the boundaries of the network and in situations
where three or more sections meet. They also can be added to the network to
inforce a jump in the bottom level.
A section is defined between two nodes. Schematization points and calculation
points are defined on the section. If the user wishes to receive output on certain
locations on the section schematization points can be placed on the section.
The network is converted to a 'Duflow' network by substituting the nodes and
schematization and calculation points into Duflow nodes and converting the
DMS section into several Duflow sections. The user can define the distance
between two output nodes by changing the field Maximum length of a section.
This leads to the fact that after conversion of the network, the DMS section is
divided into Duflow sections of approximately this maximum length. DMS will
generate Calculation points for this purpose.
Cross Sections can be applied on miscellaneous places on the section. The cross
sectional profile over the entire section is by default interpolated over the cross
sections inserted by the user. Each section must contain at least one cross
sectional profile.
In the Network window also calculation results can be presented; e.g. the color of
a section can represent a value for the level or discharge at a certain moment.
This way of presenting results is called the Presentation Mode.
Related topics:
Open Network window
Display Layers
Network Objects
Network Object functions
Customizing Network window
Workspace
Palette toolbar
5.1.1 Open Network Window

Use the Open Network Window command to display the network. DMS will open
the Network window. To open a Network window a project must be opened. The
Network window always appears in the Workspace.
If the Network window of a project is opened for the first time, the initial position
of the left-hand bottom corner and the distance per pixel are as they were defined
in the New Project dialog box.
74 Network Editor
User's guide
Command:
Menu bar:
View Open Network Window.
Context menu:

scenario Open Network Window.
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Usage of the Network Editor
Workspace
5.1.2 Display Layers

Use the Display Layers funtion to a add or remove layers in the Network window.
DMS will show the Display Layers dialog box dialog box. This function can only
be used when in the Project Properties dialog box the setting Geographic
Background is marked.
Command:
Toolbar:
Shape-files can be used as a map layer in DMS. These files are of the type *.SHP.
They always come together with a database file (*.DBF) and a index file (*.SHX).
Each shape file represents a certain geographic theme. Shape files can be saved
in a group in a VSF-file. Also AutoCad files of the type *.DXF, *.DGN and
*.DWG can be used as background image.
Dialog box:
The Display Layers dialog box contains a list with the present layers. The order
of the layers in this list corresponds with the order in which the layers are
displayed in the Network window. To modify this order, select a layer and use the
Up or Down button.
User's guide
Network Editor 75
Use the Add button to add layers to the Network window. DMS will open the
Open File dialog box. Only Shape-files can be used as a layer in DMS. Select the
file in the File Open dialog box.
The following options in the Open File dialog box allow you to specify which file
to open. The following file-types are available:
Type / format
Extension
Description
ESRI Shape file
*.SHP
Shape file, but a database file *.DXF and an index

file *.SHX file with the same name must also be
available !
Collection files
*.VSF
A collection of Shape-files
Autocad files /|
CAD data formats
*.DGN,
*.DWG,
*.DXF
The following CAD formats are supported as

MapLayers in read-only form:
TAG Image types
76 Network Editor
*.TIF,
*.TIFF,
*.TTF
Microstation Design Files (DGN)- 2D and 3D

files up to Release 5.5
AutoCAD Drawing Database (DWG) releases 13, 14 and AutoCAD 2000
Digital eXchange Format (DXF)
The following image types are supported as

ImageLayers:
-
MrSID - Multi-resolution Seamless Image

Database
JFIF - Jpeg
TIFF - New TIFF variations supported
TIFF 6 - Tagged Image File Format revision 6
GeoTIFF - TIFF with Geo Header
CRP - Compressed Raster Product (header
User's guide
information not supported)

Erdas files
*.GIS
*.LAN
Erdas Imagem binary raster format.
SUN raster files
*.SUN
*.RAS
Native bitmap format of the Sun Microsystems
JPEG
*.JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group
When a shapefile is selected, DMS will show the Color dialog box to choose the
right color for the selected layer. Use the Properties button on the Layers dialog
box to change the color or style of the layer. DMS will show the Layer Properties
dialog box.
Related topics:
Layers Properties
Project Properties
5.1.3 Layers Properties

Dialog box:
The following options in the Layers Properties dialog box allow you to specify
the properties of the layer:
User's guide
Size
Thickness of the lines.
Style
Style in which the layer is drawn.
Color
Color of the lines or the filling colors of the objects in the

layer.
Outline
Option to choose whether the objects of the layer should

have an outline or not.
Outline Color
Color of the outline of the objects in the layer.
Visibility based
on Scale
Enable limits for visibility of layer
Upper Limit
Above this scale limit, the shape isn't visible
Lower Limit
Below this scale limit, the shape isn't visible
Network Editor 77
By removing the mark in the row of a present layer the layer will temporarily not
be displayed. Use the Delete button or Delete All button to remove the layer(s)
from the list.
A set of layers can be saved as *.VSF file by choosing the button Collection. To
use this button more than one layer must be selected in the Display Layers dialog
box by using the CRTL or SHIFT button
Related topics:
Display Layers
5.1.4 Image Layer tracker

Use this command to move and strecht Image Layers.
Command:
Toolbar:
The following options in the Image Layers tracker dialog box allow you to move
or strech the selected image:
Align
Set selected Image in drawing mode. An adjustable box

appears in network window which can be strechted or
moved.
Apply
Resize the selected image into the new selection box in the
network.
Center
Move the adjustable box to the middle of the network

window.
Close
Close the image layer tracker.
Related topics:
Display layers
5.1.5 Connect objects to shape

Use the Connect objects to shape function to connect a Duflow object (Node,
Schmatization Point, ..) to a shape in a layer.
Command:
Toolbar:
It is possible to connect calculation results to shapes with this command. Use the
presentation script to visualize the Duflow results in the connected layer.
Related topics:
Attributes of network objects
Attributes of the presentation
78 Network Editor
User's guide
5.1.6 Administrative information

Use this function to show administrative information of an object selected in the
selected layer.
Command:
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Connect objects to shape
5.2 Network Objects

The Network window shows the schematization of the waterways. The
schematization is built by using Network Editor. A schematization consists of
objects. These objects can be dragged from the Palette toolbar into the Network
window.
The Palette toolbar offers the following objects:
Node
Section
Schematization point
Discharge point
Area
Cross Section
Siphon
Culvert
Weir
Pump
General structure
The following object can not be added by the user, but can be generated by
DMS.
Calculation point
Modifying properties of the objects is done in the Object Properties dialog box
by using the Object Properties function.
5.2.1 Node
Nodes are points from which one or more sections arise or end.
Symbol:
User's guide
Network Editor 79
The following properties can be described:

General
ID
Identification code of the node.
Name
Name of the node.
X-co-ordinate
The X-co-ordinate of the node is calculated by

DMS based, on the position of the node in the
Network window. By entering a check mark
behind the field the user can override the value
calculated by DMS.
[m]
Y-co-ordinate
The Y-co-ordinate of the node is calculated by

DMS based on the position of the node in the
Network window. By entering a check mark
behind the field the user can override the value
calculated by DMS.
[m]
Sections
The list contains all sections that come together

at the node. The Direction of the sections has the
value In or Out, depending on the direction of
the section. The Weight represents the initial
ratio over the sections with regard to the
discharge or load over the node.
Boundary Conditions
After the selection of the Boundary

Conditions button DMS will show the
Boundary Conditions dialog box. This dialog box
gives an overview of the selected schemes
defining the boundary conditions. By clicking on
the arrow behind the scheme-name a list with the
available schemes will be displayed. Use the []
button to open the Select Scheme dialog box to
add or modify schemes.
Duflow
External Variables
After the selection of the External Variables

button DMS will show the External Variables
dialog box. This dialog box gives an overview of
the selected schemes for the dispersion and the
other external variables declared in the Quality
model. By clicking on the arrow behind the
scheme-name a list with the available schemes
will be displayed. Use the [] button to open
the Select Scheme dialog box to add or modify
schemes.
RAM
No RAM specific data can be defined.
If a node should be added to a section of an existing network use the Insert Node
command instead of dragging the object Node from the Palette Toolbar. The
section on which the command is used will be split into two sections that inherit
the properties of the splitted section.
If two sections come together at a node, this node can be removed with the
Remove Node and Join Sections command. By using this command the sections
that come together at this Node will be joined. Otherwise with the Remove
Object command two sections without a begin or end node will be created.
Related topics:
Object Properties
80 Network Editor
User's guide
Insert Node
Remove Node and Join Sections
5.2.2 Section
Symbol:
General
ID
Identification code of the section.
Name
Name of the section.
Length
The length of the section is calculated by DMS

based on the length of the section in the Network
window. By entering a check mark behind the
field the user can override the value calculated by
DMS.
[m]
Overriding the value changes the relative

distances of objects on a section. After a change,
DMS asks to automatically update distances of
all objects on the section.
Select object(s) in
network editor
This checkbox allows the user to check the

object(s) in the network editor.
Ignore
If checked the section(s) will be ignored during

conversion (F6) and calculation (update all). The
section appears light gray in the network editor.
Cross sections defined in

this section
This dialog shows all cross sections attached to

the selected section. This dialog can be used to
change cross sectional data. However, the
possibilities are smaller as in the dialog for cross
sections under Duflow tab. Circular profiles are
not fully shown.
If the user changes a cross section scheme that is
also in use at other cross sections, the program
asks to make a new scheme. If the answer is
No, DMS will not change the data. If the
answer is Yes, DMS will create a copy of the
original scheme and adjust the data. The new
name is the ID of the cross section, but if this
already exists, a unique number is added to the
name if this scheme.
User's guide
ID
Distance of profile to beginning of section
Distance
The distance from the begin node of the section

until the Cross Section
Floor H.
Floor Height
Floor W.
Floor Width
Slope
Slope
Max Depth
Maximum depth
Network Editor 81
Res.pos.dir.
Resistance positive direction
Res.neg.dir.
Resistance negative direction
Duflow
Minimum Length
If the length of the section is shorter than the

Minimum length of the section, DMS will
consider the length of the section to be equal to
zero. In the calculation the begin- and end node
of the section will be considered as one node.
[m]
Warnings will be generated for (part of) sections

that are smaller than the minimum length.
Maximum Length
If the length of the section is longer than the

Maximum length of the section, DMS will define
Calculation points on the section. The length of
the part of the section between two calculation
points will never exceed this maximum length.
By changing the maximum length, the user can
manipulate the space step, x, in the calculation.
Output is available on calculation points.
Calculation points will be visible in the Network
window as gray diamonds after the Calculate
command is given. The Calculation points will
disappear by the Cleanup Network command.
Interpolate Cross
Sectional Data
By choosing this option DMS will interpolate

the cross sectional data between the Cross
Sections, inserted on this section. The cross
sectional data of the part of a section between a
node and the nearest defined Cross Section is
always equal to the data of that Cross Section.
[m]
If this option is not checked, DMS will consider

the cross sectional data over a section to be
constant until the next inserted Cross Section,
when moving in the positive direction of the
section.
Note that however the floor level (bottom) is part
of the cross sectional data, it will always be
interpolated between two Cross Sections.
Wind Conversion factor
Wind conversion coefficient * 10-6. Default value

is 3.6. Sheltering from the wind by dikes,
buildings etc. can be simulated by specifying a
lower value.
Generate Output data
Choosing this option will generate output for

this section. By default this option will be
checked.
Add to Monitoring file
Choosing this option will write the output for

this section to the Monitoring-file. The
Monitoring file has the extension *.MON.
Initial Conditions
After the selection of the Initial Conditions

button DMS will show the Initial Conditions
dialog box with the initial conditions for
discharge, level and all state variables declared in
the Quality model.
[-]
Use the Defaults button to set the value of

discharge and flow equal to zero and the value of
82 Network Editor
User's guide
the state variables to the default values declared

in the Quality Model description file.
RAM
The direction of the section will be used for the calculation of the distances of the
objects on that section. The distance is calculated from the begin node of the
section. The direction of the section defines the begin node of the section.
If the user defines the direction of a section in the stream direction of the water,
the calculated discharge and velocity will be positive, otherwise they will be
negative. You can change the direction of a section easily by using the Flip
Orientation command.
Related topics:
Object Properties
Calculation point
Interpolation of Cross Sectional Data
Flip Orientation
5.2.3 Cross Section

Cross Sections contain cross sectional data such as resistance coefficients and
cross sectional profiles. Cross Sections must be defined on a section.
Symbol:
General
User's guide
ID
Identification code of the Cross Section.
Name
Name of the Cross Section
Section ID
ID of the section on which the Cross

Section is defined.
X-co-ordinate
The X-co-ordinate of the Cross Section is

calculated by DMS, based on the position
of the Cross Section in the Network
window. By entering a check mark behind
the field the user can override the value
calculated by DMS.
[m]
Y-co-ordinate
The Y-co-ordinate of the Cross Section is

calculated by DMS, based on the position
of the Cross Section in the Network
window. By entering a check mark behind
the field the user can override the value
calculated by DMS.
[m]
Distance
The distance from the begin node of the

section until the Cross Section is
calculated by DMS, based on the
positions of the begin node and the Cross
Section in the Network window. By
entering a check mark behind the field the
user can override the value calculated by
[m]
Network Editor 83
DMS.
By changing the distance, the relative
position of objects on the section is
changed. DMS asks to automatically
update these distances and remain the
relative distances of objects.
Scheme
Name of the Cross Section scheme. See

Cross Section scheme
Floor level
Level of the lowest point in the cross

section profile.
Surface level
Surface level of adjacent area. If water

level rises higher than surface level, the
water does not flow over the surface but
passes this marker line following the cross
section profile.
Resistance positive
direction
If in the Calculation Settings De Chzy as [m1/2/s] or

Resistance Formula is specified, the value [m2/3/s] (K)
is equal to the Chzy-coefficient in
positive direction (from begin node to end
node). If Manning is specified, the value is
equal to the coefficient K in the formula of
Manning (v=K*R2/3*I1/2 ) in positive
direction.
Resistance negative
direction
If in the Calculation Settings De Chzy as [m1/2/s] or

Resistance Formula is specified, the value [m2/3/s] (K)
is equal to the Chzy-coefficient in
negative direction (from end node to begin
node). If Manning is specified, the value is
equal to the coefficient K in the formula of
Manning (v=K*R2/3*I1/2 ) in negative
direction.
Duflow
Extra Bottom Height
Lifts the bottom of profile.
[m]
Extra Max Width
Extends the Max Width from Cross

Section.
[m]
Extra Flow Width
Extends the Flow Width from Cross

Section.
[m]
Start Level Extra Width
Level from which extra Flow Width is

initiated.
[m]
Method
The first method provides extra

width/height over entire cross section. The
second method only applicates
adjustments to the flow profile.
RAM
No RAM specific data can be defined
Properties describing the Cross Section are grouped in a Cross Section scheme.
The schemes facilitate the use of predefined data and the use of schemes from
other scenarios. After selecting a Cross Section scheme DMS will show the Cross
Section scheme dialog box.
Related topics:
Object Properties
84 Network Editor
User's guide

5.2.4 Cross Section scheme
In the Cross Section scheme dialog box the following properties can be
described:
General
User's guide
Name
Name of Cross Section scheme
Type
Type of Cross Section; Line, Circle,

Trapezoid or A-synmetric.
Radius (Circle)
Length of the radius of a circular Cross

Section.
[m]
Bottom Width (Trapezoid)
Width of the bottom.
[m]
Slope Angle (Trapezoid)
Angle between the slope and the

horizontal plane.
[degrees]
Max Depth (Trapezoid)
Maximum depth of the trapezoid. It fixes

the height of the Trapezoid form.
[m]
Surface (Line)
Option to overrule the implicitly

calculated Flow Profile Area (A) by the
values entered in the Surface column. This
option makes it possible to define the
Flow Profile Area as a function of the
depth.
[m2]
Hydraulic Radius (Line)
Option to overrule the implicitly

calculated Hydraulic Radius(R) by the
values entered in the Hydraulic Radius
column. This option makes it possible to
define the Hydraulic Radius as a function
of the depth.
[m]
Resistance (Line)
Option to overrule the value for the

Resistance of the Section by the values
[m1/2/s] or
[m2/3/s]
Network Editor 85
Resistance of the Section by the values

entered in the Resistance column. This
option makes it possible to define the
Resistance as a function of the depth and
place on the section.
[m2/3/s]
The used Resistance Formula appears if

this option is checked: Resistance
formula used is Chzy / Manning.
If the Chzy formula is checked as
Resistance Formula, the value is equal to
the Chzy-coefficient. If Manning is
specified, the value is equal to the
coefficient K in the formula of Manning
(v=K*R2/3*I1/2 ). The value for the
Resistance can be inserted for the positive
and negative direction of the section.
Height (Line)
Depth to Floor Level (bottom) on which

the parameters are valid.
[m]
Flow Width (Line)
Width of Flow Profile at the related

height.
[m]
Maximum Width (Line)
Width of Storage Profile at the related

height.
[m]
Use A-symmetric cross section to define a-symmetric cross sectional area's. The
a-symmetric dialog box:
Slope definition
The trapezoid shape offers the possibility

to define non symmetrical cross sections.
There are two waysto define the slope.
The first way is to use 'Degrees'
Angle (degrees)
The second way is to use the Cotangent
h
b
86 Network Editor
Cot=b
h
User's guide
The Cotangent is defined by
Height
Depth to Floor level (bottom) on which

the parameters are valid
[m]
Widht Left
Extra width at the left side of the cross

[m]
section. If a value not equal to zero is
entered, a flat plane at the left side of the
cross section is defined. At the first level
(Height = 0) Width Left added to Width
Right is the bottom width of the cross
section.
Slope Left
The slope at the left side of the cross

section from the current level until the
next level
[degrees or
rad]
Slope Right
The slope at the right side of the cross

section from the current level until the
next level
[degrees or
rad]
Width Right
Extra width at the right side of the cross

section. If a value not equal to zero is
entered, a flat plane at the right side of the
cross section is defined. At the first level
(Height = 0) Width Left added to Width
Right is the bottom width of the cross
section.
[m]
Extra Max Width
The actual max width will be the actual

Max Width added to the calculated Flow
Width.
NOTE: Extra Max Width (Trapezoid)
differs from Max Width (Line). Max
Width (Line) gives the total storage width
of a cross section, whereas Extra Max
Width (Trapezoid) gives an additional
storage width.
Related topics:
Cross Section
5.2.5 Interpolation of Cross Sectional Data

At least one Cross Section must be defined on a section. If more than one Cross
Section is defined on a section, DMS will default interpolate the cross sectional
profile. The option Interpolate Cross Sectional Data is a property of the section.
The Floor level also a property of a Cross Section scheme however will
always be interpolated, even if the option Interpolate Cross Sectional Data is off.
Note that interpolation of the cross sectional profiles will only take place over
User's guide
Network Editor 87
one section. Interpolation of cross sectional data will never take place between
Cross Sections on two different sections.
Interpolation of cross sectional data consists of three parts.
First the values for Floor Level and the cross sectional profile on
the Duflow points between two Cross Sections will be calculated by
interpolation (red line in the figures). Duflow points are nodes,
schematization points, structure points i.e. structures or
calculation points.
Secondly the Duflow points between the begin Node and the first
Cross Section will inherit their cross sectional data from the first
Cross Section.
Third the Duflow points between the last Cross Section and the end
node will inherit their cross sectional data from that last Cross
Section.
Note that the direction of the section plays an important role in this
interpretation.
Example 1: Duflow points between Cross Sections
After defining the cross sectional data on the Duflow points of a section, the
cross sectional data between these Duflow points can be calculated by
interpolation. The results of this interpolation are visible in the figures as a black
line for the Floor level (bottom) and the blue area for the Flow-width at a certain
depth. During calculation however only the cross sectional data on the Duflow
points will be used.
If the distance between two Duflow points is smaller than the Minimum Length of
the section, than this section will not be a part of the calculation. Therefore also
the cross section definition for this (part of a) section will not be taken into
account.
88 Network Editor
User's guide
Example 2: No Duflow points between Cross Sections
Tip
If the Floor Level (bottom) upstream from a weir differs from the
Floor Level downstream, than just add a Node very close to the
weir. If the distance between the Node and the weir is less than
the Minimal Length of the section, the Floor level will not be
interpolated over the weir. Use the Insert Node command to
add the Node.
Related topics:
Cross Section
Section
5.2.6 Schematization Point

Schematization points are extra points on a section used by the DMS calculation
and on which output can be generated. On a schematization point one or more
areas and discharge points may be defined.
Symbol:
General
User's guide
ID
Identification code of the schematization point
Name
Name of the schematization point
Network Editor 89
Section ID
ID of the section on which the schematization

point is defined.
X-co-ordinate
The X-co-ordinate of the schematization point is

calculated by DMS, based on the position of the
schematization point in the Network window.
By entering a check mark behind the field the
user can override the value calculated by DMS.
[m]
Y-co-ordinate
The Y-co-ordinate of the schematization point is

[m]
Distance

until the schematization point is calculated by
DMS, based on the positions of the node and the
user can override the value of DMS.
[m]
Duflow
Initial Conditions
After the selection of the Initial Conditions

button DMS will show the Initial Conditions
dialog box with the initial conditions for
discharge, level and all state variables declared in
the Quality model.
discharge and flow equal to zero and the value of
the state variables to the default values declared
in the Quality Model description file.
External Variables
After the selection of the External Variables

button DMS will show the External Variables
the selected schemes for the dispersion and the
other external variables declared in the Quality
model. By clicking on the arrow behind the
scheme-name a list with the available schemes
will be displayed. Use the [] button to open
the Select Scheme dialog box to add or modify
schemes.
RAM
Default a schematization point only can be moved along the section. If the
schematization point is changed into a Bending point it also can be moved
outside the section. The section will get curves. The length of the section is
updated automatically. Use Bending points to follow the curves of a river.
Related topics:
Object Properties
Bending point
90 Network Editor
User's guide
5.2.7 Structure Point

Structure points are extra points on a section used by the DMS to connect
parallel structures.
Symbol:
General
ID
Identification code of the schematization point
Name
Name of the schematization point
Section ID
ID of the section on which the schematization

point is defined.
X-co-ordinate
The X-co-ordinate of the schematization point is

[m]
Y-co-ordinate
The Y-co-ordinate of the schematization point is

[m]
Distance

until the schematization point is calculated by
DMS, based on the positions of the node and the
user can override the value of DMS.
[m]
Default the structure points in structures are not visible. Only if the structure is
set to 'parallel' structure, the structure point becomes visible. It's also possible to
put a single schematization point on a section.
Related topics:
Object Properties
5.2.8 Discharge Point

On Discharge points discharge in or out of the Network or waste loads at the
surface water into the Network can be taken into account. Discharge points must
always be attached to a Schematization point It is possible to attach more than
one Discharge point to the same Schematization point.
Symbol
General
User's guide
ID
Identification code of the Discharge point
Name
Name of the Discharge point
Schematization point ID
ID of the Schematization point on which the

discharge point is attached. At this
Network Editor 91
discharge point is attached. At this

Schematization point the discharge into the
network will be taken into account.
Boundary Conditions
After the selection of the Boundary Conditions

button DMS will show the Boundary Conditions
the selected schemes that contain the boundary
conditions. By clicking on the arrow behind the
scheme-name list with the available schemes will
be displayed. Use the [] button to open the
Select Scheme dialog box to add or modify
schemes.
Duflow
No Duflow specific data can be defined
RAM
Related topics:
Object Properties
5.2.9 Area
In Area points the drainage from the areas into the surface water.(due to rainfall)
is taken into account. Areas must always be attached to a Schematization point. It
is possible to attach more than one Area to the same Schematization point.
Symbol:
Areas are only used in the Precipitation Runoff Modules (RAM) of DMS. The
properties of an Area are therefore described in the RAM manual.
Related topics:
Object Properties
Unpaved Surface Scheme
5.2.10 Siphon
A Siphon is circular pipe used to carry water over obstacles.
Symbol:
General
92 Network Editor
ID
Identification code of the Siphon.
Name
Name of the Siphon.
Section ID
ID of the section on which the siphon is

defined.
Distance

[m]
section until the siphon is calculated by DMS,
based on the position of the node and the
siphon in the Network window. By entering a
User's guide
check mark behind the field the user can

override the value calculated by DMS.
Parallel Structure
Use Siphon as parallel structure. If checked

Structure Point will be visible in network
window.
Tube Width
The width of the tube of the siphon.
[m]
Tube Height
The height of the tube of the siphon.
[m]
Tube Length
The length of the siphon.
[m]
Side Resistance
The Chzy coefficient for the friction in the

siphon. The friction in the siphon is always
calculated with the formula of De Chzy.
[m1/2/s]
Duflow
Start Level and Stop Level
Switching levels above the reference level. The [m]

flow in the siphon starts if both levels at begin
and end are above the Start Level and stops if
one of them drops below the Stop Level. The
direction from the begin to the end of a siphon
corresponds to the direction of the section.
Mu
Mu is a correction factor for additional

hydraulic effects like contraction, internal
friction etc. and can be defined at the begin
and the end of the siphon in positive and
negative direction.
Initial Conditions
After the selection of the Initial

Initial Conditions dialog box with the initial
conditions for discharge, level and all state
variables declared in the Quality model.
[-]

discharge and flow equal to zero and the value
of the state variables to the default values
declared in the Quality Model description file.
External Variables
After the selection of the External

Variables button DMS will show the
External Variables dialog box. This dialog box
gives an overview of the selected schemes for
the dispersion and the other external variables
declared in the Quality model. By clicking on
the arrow behind the scheme-name a list with
the available schemes will be displayed. Use
the [] button to open the Select Scheme
dialog box to add or modify schemes.
RAM
Related topics:
Object Properties
User's guide
Network Editor 93
5.2.11 Culvert
A Culvert is a pipe-construction with a rectangular or circular cross section,
which connects two waterways.
Symbol:
General
94 Network Editor
ID
Identification code of the Culvert.
Name
Name of the Culvert.
Section ID
ID of the section on which the culvert is

defined.
Distance

[m]
section until the culvert is calculated by DMS,
based on the positions of the node and the
culvert in the Network window. By entering a
Parallel Structure

window.
Tube Form
Initially the <default> scheme is selected

which correspond to a rectangular shape form.
If a crown shape is given another shape is
used.
A shape scheme is a normalized definition of a
cross sectional area of a weir. The cross
sectional area is normalized to 1.0 for the
width and height.
The actual cross sectional area is dependent
on the height and width of the structure as is
defined by Tube Width and Tube Height.
These values are the maximum values. (See
also Structure Shape)
Tube Width
The width of the tube of the culvert.
Tube Height
The height of the tube of the culvert above the [m]

sill level.
Tube Length
The length of the culvert.
[m]
Side Resistance
The Chzy coefficient for the friction in the

culvert. The friction in the culvert is always
calculated with the formula of De Chzy.
[m1/2/s]
Sill Le vel
The level of the bottom of the flow opening

above the reference level. The part of the
culvert below the sill level is not a part of the
flow profile of the culvert.
[m]
[m]
User's guide
For sloping culverts, the effect on water

level is minimal. Use the highest sill level
as input.
Inside Level
The level of the lowest point of the elliptic

cross section.
[m]
Mu Free Surface

friction etc. in the culvert and can be defined
in positive and negative direction.
[-]
Mu Submerged
Mu for submerged flow situations in the

culvert and can be defined in positive and
negative direction.
[-]
Initial Conditions

Duflow

External Variables

Related topics:
Object Properties
Structure Shape
5.2.12 Weir
A Weir is a construction made to control the level on the upstream side with a
free water surface.
Symbol:
General
User's guide
ID
Identification code of the Weir.
Name
Name of the Weir.
Section ID
ID of the section on which the Weir is

defined.
Network Editor 95
Distance

section until the weir is calculated by DMS,
weir in the Network window. By entering a
[m]
Parallel Structure

window.
Crown Shape

used.
width and height.
defined by Crown Width and Shape
Height. These values are the maximum
values. (See also Structure Shape)
Shape Height
The shape height defines te maximal height of

the structure shape. This value is used to
determine the actual height at which the
widths are given.
For water levels above the maximal shape
height a constant width is assumed.
If no scheme for the shape is given, this value
has no meaning. (See also Structure Shape)
Crown Width
The width of flow opening of the weir.
Crown Height (Winter)
The height of the bottom of the flow opening [m]

above the reference level for the winter period.
See also Calculation Settings.
Crown Height (Summer)
The height of the bottom of the flow opening

above the reference level for the summer
period. See also Calculation Settings.
[m]
Mu

friction etc. in the weir and can be defined in
positive and negative direction.
[-]
[m]
Duflow
Initial Conditions

External Variables
96 Network Editor

User's guide

RAM
Related topics:
Object Properties
Structure Shape
5.2.13 Pump
Pump stands for a pumping station in or near a waterway.
Symbol:
General
ID
Identification code of the Pump.
Name
Name of the Pump.
Section ID
ID of the section on which the Pump is

defined.
Distance

[m]
section until the siphon is calculated by DMS,
siphon in the Network window. By entering a
Parallel Structure

window.
Capacity
Discharge through the pumping station when

the pump is on.
Start Level and Stop Leve l
Switching levels above the reference level. The [m]

Start and stop levels are related to the level at
the begin node.
[m3/s]
If the start level is higher than the stop level

the pumping station can pump the water from
begin node to the end node, otherwise the
water can be pumped from the end node to
the begin node.
If the start level is higher than the stop level
the pump starts when the upstream level
reaches above the start level and stops when
the upstream level drops below the stop level.
If the start level is lower than the stop level
User's guide
Network Editor 97
the pump starts when the upstream level

drops below the start level and stops when
the upstream level reaches above the stop
level.
Duflow
Initial Conditions

External Variables

RAM
Related topics:
Object Properties
5.2.14 General Structure

General Structures are structures that can not be defined as other DMSstructures, for example weirs with forced underflow.
Symbol:
General
98 Network Editor
ID
Identification code of the General Structure.
Name
Name of the General Structure.
Section ID
ID of the section on which the General

Structure is defined.
Distance

section until the general structure is calculated
by DMS, based on the positions of the node
and the general structure in the Network
field the user can override the value calculated
by DMS.
Parallel Structure

[m]
User's guide
window.
Crown Shape

used.
width and height.
defined by Width Whirlpool and Height
Whirlpool. These values are the maximum
values. (See also Structure Shape)
Width Whirlpool
The width of flow opening of the general

structure.
[m]
Height Whirlpool
The height of the flow opening of the general

structure.
[m]
Gate Level
The level of the upper side of the flow

opening of the general structure above the
reference level.
[m]
Mu Free Surface

friction etc. in the general structure and can be
defined in positive and negative direction.
[-]
Mu Submerged
Mu for submerged flow situations in the

general structure and can be defined in
positive and negative direction.
[-]
Duflow
Initial conditions

External Variables

RAM
Related topics:
Object Properties
User's guide
Network Editor 99
Structure Shape
5.2.15 Structure Shape

In the Structure Shape dialog box it is possible to define a general form of the wet
area of a structure. Structure shapes are applicable for the structures weir, culvert
and general structure.
A structure shape works analogue to the line profile of a cross section. However
the structure shape is defined as a normalized wet area. The height and width in
the structure shape definition lie between 0 and 1. Suppose the following
structure shape definition is used for the definition of the wet area of a weir:
If the maximum width in the node properties dialog is set to 10 m. and the height
is set to 3 m. then the actual wet area is defined as:
Height
Width
0 m.
0 m.
0.2*3 = 0.6 m
0.06*10 = .6 m.
.21*3 = 0.63 m.
0.8*10 = 8 m.
1*3 = 3 m.
1*10 = 10 m.
As the figure in the dialog suggests the intermediate values are determined by
linear interpolation between two surrounding points.
In the table Extra lines can be added by using the keys <Ctrl> and <Ins>. A line
can be deleted by using the keys <Ctrl> and <Delete>.
Related topics:
Object Properties
Culvert
Weir
General structure
100 Network Editor
User's guide
5.2.16 Calculation Point

Calculation points can be generated by DMS before a Duflow calculation is made.
The user can not add a calculation point to the network.
If the length of a section is longer than the Maximum length of the section
(Maximum length is a property of a section), DMS will define Calculation points
on the section. The length of the part of the section between two calculation
points will never exceed this maximum length. By changing the maximum length,
the user can manipulate the space step size x, in the calculation. Output is
available on calculation points. Calculation points will be visible in the Network
window as gray diamonds after the Calculate command is given. The Calculation
points will disappear by the Cleanup Network command.
Symbol:
General
ID
Identification code of the node.
Name
Name of the node.
X-co-ordinate
The X-co-ordinate of the calculation point is

calculated by DMS based, on the position of
the calculation point in the Network window.
DMS.
[m]
Y-co-ordinate
The Y-co-ordinate of the calculation point is

calculated by DMS based on the position of
the calculation point in the Network window.
DMS.
[m]
Distance

section until the calculation point is calculated
by DMS, based on the positions of the node
and the calculation point in the Network
field the user can override the value calculated
by DMS.
[m]
Duflow
No Duflow specific data can be defined.
RAM
Related topics:
Object Properties
Section
5.3 Network Object Functions

DMS offers to the following functions to modify the properties of objects in the
Network window:
User's guide
Object Properties
Network Editor 101
Select Object and Check Objects
Flip orientation (Section)
Bending point (Schematization point)
Remove Object and Disconnect Object
Remove Node and Join Sections (Node)
Insert Node (Node)
Offset Co-ordinates
With the following function an object in the Network window can be found:
Locate Object
5.3.1 Object Properties

Use this function to edit properties of the objects. After selecting this command
DMS displays the Object Properties dialog box. Use the Select Object function to
select the object. It is also possible to open the Object Properties dialog box by
double clicking with the left mouse button on the object in the Network window.
Objects are sorted on object-ids and object type.
Tip
To change a property of all or all checked object (one type) to

one value use the command from the menu bar. Choose in the
Object Properties dialog box in the Object to Change list for
All. or Checked.. In the latter case use the Check
Objects function first.
If one or more objects in the Network window are selected when using the toolbar
shortcut for this command, you can only edit the properties of the selected
object(s).
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Objects - Properties
Context menu:
In the Network window after the

selection of an object - Properties
Double-click:
In the Network window on a object.
Toolbar:
(lists all objects of active scenario)

(lists only the selected object)
Dialog box:
After the selection of the object(s) you can change the properties of the
object(s). More information about the properties of the object is given in the
paragraph about that object.
Related topics:
Node
Section
Discharge point
102 Network Editor
User's guide
Area
Cross Section
Siphon
Culvert
Weir
Pump
General Structure
Calculation point
5.3.2 Select Object / Selection Mode

Use this function to select an object from the network.
Command:
Context menu:
In Network window outside network objects - Selection mode
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Check Objects
5.3.3 Check Objects

Use this function to check objects. The selection is made in the Check Objects
dialog box.
Checked objects are used to display graphs, in the Object Properties dialog box
and for generating the logfile.
Marking an Area in the Network window can also check objects. The Network
window must then be in selection mode. Mark the selection area by pressing the
left mouse button on one corner of the area, dragging it to the opposite corner
and releasing the button there.
Marking objects by mouse button can be done by pressing the CTRL-key and
checking individual objects in the Network window.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Objects - Select
Toolbar:
Dialog box:
The Check Objects dialog box allows you to specify the checked objects.
User's guide
Network Editor 103
All objects are listed, the checkbox before each object tells you whether the
object is checked. The state of an object can be changed by directly clicking the
objects checkbox in the listbox.
The Select All button makes it possible to make a choice for all objects, by using
the Ctrl or Shift button or by dragging the mouse other multiple selection can be
made. The Check checkbox shows the state of the selected objects:
Checked means all selected objects are checked.
Gray means that some of the selected objects are checked.
Unchecked means that none of the selected objects are checked.
You can also use the Check checkbox to change the state of the selected objects.
Related topics:
Select Object
5.3.4 Flip Orientation

Use the Flip Orientation command to change the direction of a section.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window after the selection of a section - Flip

Orientation
Related topics:
Section
5.3.5 Bending Point

Use the Bending Point command to mark a schematization point into a bending
point. To create a bending in the network select the bending point and drag it to
the desired position.
Command:
104 Network Editor
User's guide
Context menu:
In the Network window after the selection of a schematization

point - Bending Point
Related topics:
5.3.6 Remove Object

Use this command to remove an object from the network.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window after the selection of an object Remove object
Toolbar:
Keys:
DEL (after selecting an object)
If only two sections come together at a node, this node can be removed with the
Remove Node and Join Sections command. By using this command the sections
that come together at this Node will be joined. Otherwise with the Remove
Object command two sections without a begin or end node will be created.
Related topics:
Disconnect Object
Remove Node and Join Sections
5.3.7 Disconnect Object

Use the Disconnect Object command to disconnect an object from the network.
This command is not available for nodes and sections.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window after the selection of an object

Disconnect Object
Related topics:
Remove Object
5.3.8 Remove Node and Join Sections

Use the Remove Node and Join Sections command to remove a node from the
network and join the sections that begin or end at the removed node. This
command can only be used when two sections come together at the selected
node.
Command:
Context menu:
User's guide
In the Network window after the selection of a node - Remove

node and Join Sections
Network Editor 105
Related topics:
Remove Object
Node
5.3.9 Insert Node

Use the Insert Node command to add a node to a section of an existing network.
The section will be split into two sections that inherit the properties of the
splitted section.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window after the selection of a section - Insert

Node
Related topics:
Node
5.3.10 Offset Co-ordinates

Use the Offset Co-ordinates function to change the X- and Y-co-ordinates from
all objects at once. DMS will show the Offset dialog box to specify values negative or positive - to add to the current co-ordinates.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects - Special Offset
Related topics:
Object Properties
5.3.11 Locate Object

Use the Locate Object function to find an object in the Network window by
giving the object ID. If the command is given by using the context menu DMS
will show the Locate Object dialog box. When an object-id is entered, the
specified object will blink in the Network window. The search-function is not case
sensitive.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window - Locate Object
Toolbar:
Keys:
CTRL+F
You can use the toolbar by entering the object ID in the combo box followed by
<Enter>. The searched item will blink in the Network window and saved in the
drop down list for reuse.
106 Network Editor
User's guide
Tip
It is also possible to search for internal object numbers that

are used in the Duflow files. The object which corresponds to
the number in the Duflow files can be found in the Network
window just entering that number preceded by a 'n' in case of
a Node or a 's' in case of a Section/Structure.
Dialog box:
To find an object in the Network window enter the complete object ID of the
searched object and click OK. If the specified object is found, it will blink in the
Network window. The search-function is not case sensitive.
To find an object in the Network window by the object number from the Duflow
files, enter the number preceded by a 'n' in case of a Node or a 's' in case of a
Section/Structure.
Related topics:
Output window
5.4 Customizing Network Window

DMS offers the following functions to define the part of the Network to be
displayed in the Network window:
Entire Network
Zooming in and Zooming out
Pan network
Current Position
With the following functions the appearance of the objects in the Network
window can be changed:
Show Object Types
Network Properties, e.g. the point size of the objects.
Display or hide IDs
Display or hide Datatips
Editable
5.4.1 Entire Network

Use the Entire Network command to show the entire network in the Network
window.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects - Auto adjust

limits
Toolbar:
User's guide
Network Editor 107
5.4.2 Zooming Tool (Network window)

Use the Zooming Tool to show parts of the network in more detail. After
selecting the command (from the menu or the toolbar) the cursor will change into
a magnifying glass. Dragging the cursor displays a rectangle on your screen.
This rectangle represents the area that will be magnified (the rectangle will be
blown up until it fills the network window).
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects or in the

Graph window - Zoom mode
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Zooming out
5.4.3 Zooming out (Network window)

Zooming is usually done in stages, more and more detail of the network or graph
is displayed. Zooming out lets you retrace these stages. Zoom out works
independent from the zooming tool (the zooming tool does not have to be
selected to zoom out).
To zoom out to the unzoomed state in the Network window, use in the Entire
network command.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects or in the

Graph window - Zoom out
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Zooming tool
5.4.4 Pan Network

Use this command to pan the network and move it through the Network window.
To move the network drag the cursor (a hand) through to the Network window.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects - Pan mode
Toolbar:
5.4.5 Current Position

Use the Current Position function to show or set the X- and Y-co-ordinate of the
bottom-left corner of the Network window. DMS will show the Current View
108 Network Editor
User's guide
Position dialog box. The Current Position dialog box also shows the current zoom
factor.
When moving the cursor through the Network window the position of the cursor
is displayed in the Status bar.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects - Special Current Position
5.4.6 Show Grid

Use this command to show a grid in the Network window. The grid automatically
updates the grid units to the zoom level of the network.
Command:
Context menu:
Customize - Commands - Palette - Grid
Toolbar:
5.4.7 Show Object Types

Use this function to show or hide objects types in the Network window. The
selection is made in the Show Network Objects dialog box.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects - Show

Object Types
Dialog box:
The Show Network Objects dialog box allows you to specify Object Types to be
displayed in the Network Window.
All object types are listed, the checkbox before each object tells you whether the
object is checked. The state of a object can be changed by directly clicking the
objects checkbox in the listbox.
Related topics:
Network Objects
5.4.8 Network Properties

Use the Window Properties function to edit the drawing properties of the
Network window.. DMS will open the Drawing Properties dialog box.
The Drawing Properties dialog box offers the following options:
User's guide
Point size Objects
Point size of the objects in the Network Window.

Default value is 10.
Show Text
Choose this option to display the IDs of all objects in

the Network window.
Show Data Tips
Choose this option to display the object ID in the

Network window when the cursor is placed above that
Network Editor 109
Network window when the cursor is placed above that

object. On Cross Sections a small picture of the cross
section will also be displayed.
Editable
Choose this option to allow or prohibit changes in the

Network.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Window Properties
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects - Special Drawing properties.
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Display or hide ID's
Display or hide Datatips
Editable
5.4.9 Display or Hide IDs

Use this command to display or hide the IDs of the objects in the Network
window.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Window Properties Show: Text
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects Special Show: Text
Toolbar:
5.4.10 Display or Hide Datatips

Use this command to display or hide the object ID in the Network window when
the cursor is placed above that object. On Cross Sections a small picture of the
cross section will also be displayed.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Window Properties Show: Datatips
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects Special Show: Datatips
Toolbar:
5.4.11 Editable
Use this command to allow or prohibit changes in the Network.
Command:
Menu bar:
110 Network Editor
Edit - Editable
User's guide
Context menu:
In the Network window outside network objects - Special /

Drawing properties - Editable
5.4.12 Grid
Use this command to display or hide the grid in the Network window. When
using Zoom In or Zoom Out the grid is automatically adjusted.
This command does not relate to the Modflow grid (only for MoDuflow
component).
Command:
Toolbar:
User's guide
Network Editor 111
6. Flow Modelling
6.1 Building a Flow model

To turn a network schematization in a flow model only the following three steps
steps should be carried out:
Define Initial Conditions
1.
To start the computations, initial values for level and discharge are required
for every section and structure: the Initial Conditions.
Define Boundary Conditions
2.
For a unique solution of the set of swallow water equations additional

conditions have to be specified at the physical boundaries of the network.
These Boundary Conditions can also be defined at internal Nodes or
Discharge points in the network.
Configure the Calculation
3.
Before a calculation can be started, first some general information

concerning the calculation should be given. The output of a calculation of
DMS strongly depends on the options that are chosen in the Calculation
Settings.
The following steps are optional:

Specify other schemes
4.
If applicable for the model it is possible to specify the Wind Direction and
wind velocity during the calculation. By using the RAM-module also the
Precipitation and Evaporation can be taken into account. See Other
Conditions and Schemes.
Measured data
5.
Measured Data schemes can be used to calibrate calculation results in Time

Graphs.
Define Structure control
6.
The waterflow in a network can be controlled bij structures. DMS offers the
user a flexible way to implement all kinds Structure Control by means of a
script. In general it is possible to change the dimensions of a structure
depending of water levels, discharges or concentrations of solutes.
6.2 Initial Conditions (overview)

To start the computations, initial values for Level and Discharge are required. In
case of a Quality Model also initial values for all state variables (concentrations)
are required.
User's guide
Flow Modelling 113
Water levels refer to a certain reference level. In some cases it's easier to refer to
the cross sections floor level and define an initial depth.
The user must provide these initial conditions for each section and for each
schematization point or structure. Use the Initial Conditions function to enter
these initial values. The values can be based on historical measurements,
obtained from former computations or from a first reasonable guess.
In the last case the user should realise that by modelling water quality the first
part of the simulation period may result into non-realistic results. The transport
rates and the characteristic time constants for the reactions control the time
during which the effect of the initial conditions is perceptible. As a rule of thumb
for a single section, if only advection is taken into account, the impact of the
initial conditions is completely gone after three times the residence time in this
particular section.
As the exchange rates between the sediment layer and the overlying water are
rather low especially for the concentrations in the sediment reasonable initial
values have to be used. If no reasonable initial values are available it is
recommended to perform some initial simulations from which the results, at the
end of the simulation period can be used as initial values for a next run. This can
be done with the New Initial Conditions function.
Related topics:
Building a Flow model
Initial Conditions
New Initial Conditions

Use this function to set or modify the Initial Conditions of all the objects in the
active scenario. DMS will show the Initial Conditions dialog box.
It is possible to start the Initial Conditions function in the Object Properties
dialog box on the Duflow tab. DMS will show the Initial Conditions dialog box
(object oriented) with the Initial Conditions of the selected object.
Initial Conditions at a discharge point or load from an area on a node where three
or more sections come together, the outgoing and incoming discharge or load can
be different. Fill in estimated discharges and loads at begin or end points of
attached sections.
When you have completed a Duflow calculation you can also re-initialize the
Initial Conditions using the New Initial Conditions function.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario Initial Conditions
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Initial Conditions

Edit
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Initial Conditions
Dialog box:
Initial Conditions (object oriented) Duflow tab on <Initial

Conditions>
Toolbar:
Dialog box:
114 Flow Modelling
User's guide
The Initial Conditions dialog box contains an overview with the initial conditions
for discharge, level and all state variables (concentrations) declared in the Quality
Model description file for all objects.
Use the Set Column button to change the initial values for all objects to the
same value. DMS will open the Set Column dialog box. Using the Defaults button
sets the initial values for discharge and level to zero. Quality variables
(concentrations) will be set to the default value as defined in the Quality Model
description file. If Depth is larger than zero, Depth + Floor Level is taken from the
Cross Section. If Depth is -1, the (water) Level is taken.
Dialog box (object-oriented):

The object-oriented version of the Initial Conditions dialog box contains an
overview with the initial conditions for discharge, level and all state variables
(concentrations) declared in the Quality Model description file for the selected
object.
Use the Defaults button to set the value of discharge and flow equal to zero and
the value of the state variables to the default values declared in the Quality
Model description file.
Related topics:
Initial Conditions (overview)
Set Column
6.2.2 Set Column

In the Set Column dialog box the initial values for all objects for one column can
be changed to the same value. In this dialog box you can select the column of
User's guide
Flow Modelling 115
which you want to change the initial values and enter a new initial value for all
objects.
Command:
Dialog box:
Initial Conditions on <Set Column>
Related topics:
Initial Conditions
6.2.3 New Initial Conditions

When you have completed a Duflow calculation you can also re-initialize the
Initial Conditions using the New Initial Conditions function. DMS will show the
New Initial Conditions dialog box.
Tip
The New Initial Conditions function can also be used in case of

modelling dredging operations. Calculate first your model
before dredging, then change the initial conditions and the
state variables of the bottom and calculate the dredged
situation.
Command:
Context menu:
Right mouse button in the Scenario Manager window on

Initial Conditions - New Initial Conditions
Dialog box:
In the New Initial Conditions dialog box you can specify the data that will be
used to re-initialize the Initial Conditions.
The data will be read from the earlier calculation. To re-initialize the initial
conditions for flow or for quality mark the appropriate checkbox.
Select a date and time of a stable situation in the earlier calculation. Default DMS
will present the start date and time of the earlier calculation; this is never the most
stable situation!
Related topics:
Initial Conditions
116 Flow Modelling
User's guide
Initial Conditions (overview)
6.3 Boundary Conditions (overview)

For a unique solution of the set of swallow water equations additional conditions
have to be specified at the physical boundaries of the network. These additional
conditions are called Boundary Conditions. Boundary Conditions can also be
defined at internal Nodes or Discharge points in the network. Boundary
Conditions can be specified as:
Water levels and Discharges (Q-Add) either constant or in the form

of time series or Fourier series;
Additional or external flow into the network can be specified as a

(time dependent) discharge or can be computed from a given
rainfall, using the extended precipitation-runoff module RAM;
Discharge-level relations (rating curves) in tabular form;
Concentrations and loads of all the transported materials in the

quality model, either constant or in the form of time series or Fourier
series.
Boundary Conditions, except for Discharge-level relations, are always a form of

time series. Time series are stored in schemes. Therefore a Boundary Condition
can be given as a property of an object in the Boundary Conditions dialog box by
selecting the right scheme. A positive value for Q-Add in time series means
incoming water (into the network), negative values mean outflowing water.
At the physical boundaries of the Network at least one kind of Flow Boundary
Condition must be given; so this can be a Level scheme, a Q-Add scheme or a
QH-relation scheme. If no scheme is selected at a Node at a physical boundary of
the network, DMS supposes that the Discharge at that Node is constant zero; a
dead end in the schematization.
Tip
Nodes and discharge points at which Boundary Conditions are

defined, have a brighter color than the other nodes and
discharge points.
Boundary Conditions for level or a Q-H relation can not be defined on a

discharge point.
In case of water Quality Modelling, pay attention to the following:
1.
If you dont define Quality Boundary Conditions for a point, the

concentration of the outflowing water (and also for the incoming
water) is supposed to be zero. So no substances are leaving the
system at this point.
2.
If you define Quality Boundary Conditions for a point, these

schemes will only be used for the incoming water. The
concentration of the outflowing water is always equal to the
concentration of the water mass at this point, which is calculated by
Duflow.
Precipitation and evaporation can only be used as Boundary Conditions in the

RAM module. Based on values for precipitation and evaporation and the
properties of the Area object, RAM will calculate the additional flow into the
network at Area points. These calculated Q-add time series automatically become
Boundary Conditions on these Area (schematization) points
User's guide
Flow Modelling 117
Tip
The Boundary Conditions for Level, Discharge, Concentration

and Load can be read from or written to an external ASCII-file; a
Time Series file (*.TSS) or a multiple Time Series file (*.TSF).
The format of the file is described in the Duflow Reference
Manual.
Use the Import Time Series function or the Export Time Series
function to achieve this.
Wind direction and wind velocity, which may be significant in extensive shallow
networks, can also be included.
At weirs and other structures discharges and levels can be controlled by
manipulating the gates. Duflow allows for specification of such an operation
using the so-called trigger conditions: depending on flow conditions at specified
locations in the network, parameters such as the width of the weir, the level of the
sill etc. can be adjusted during the computation. In DMS these conditions are
considered as Structure Control.
If RAM is installed, the table with the Quality Boundary Conditions always
contains the quality variables Ammonium, Nitrate and Phosphor. These quality
variables are predefined in RAM.
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions
Import Time Series
Export Time Series

The Boundary Conditions dialog box gives an overview of the selected schemes
that contain the boundary conditions.
Command:
Dialog box:
118 Flow Modelling
Object Properties (object oriented) General tab on

<Boundary Conditions>.
User's guide
Dialog box (object oriented):
By clicking on the arrow behind the scheme-name list with the available schemes
will be displayed. Use the [] button to open the Select Scheme dialog box to
add or modify schemes for Qadd, QH-Relation, Level, Concentration or Load.
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions (overview)
Node
Discharge point
Level scheme
QH-Relation scheme
Q-Add scheme
Concentration scheme
Load scheme.
6.3.2 Level scheme

Use this function to set or modify the Level Schemes. DMS will show the Select
Level Scheme dialog box. After the selection of a Level scheme you can set,
import or modify Level time series in a variation of the Modify Scheme dialog box.
The unit of level in DMS is m (metres).
Level schemes are used as Boundary Conditions on Nodes.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario Schemes - Level
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Level (Schemes)
Dialog box:
Boundary Conditions (object oriented) on <> behind

Level scheme.
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions
User's guide
Flow Modelling 119
6.3.3 QH-Relation scheme

Use this function to set or modify the QH-Relation Schemes . DMS will show the
Select QH-Relation Scheme dialog box. After the selection of a QH-Relation
scheme you can set, import or modify QH-Relation time series in the Modify QHRelation Scheme dialog box. The unit of discharge in DMS is m3/s, of level is m
(metres).
QH schemes are used as Boundary Conditions on Nodes.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Schemes - QH
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on QH (Schemes)
Dialog box:
Boundary Conditions (object oriented) on <> behind QH

scheme.
Toolbar:
Dialog box:
A Q-H relationship exists of a number of sets including a value for both Level (H)
and Discharge (Q). Per Level (H) a specific value for Discharge can be given. The
Modify QH Scheme dialog box is used to add or modify these sets. The sets will
be sorted by Level automatically.
Use the following commands to modify the values for Level and Discharge:
Insert
Inserts a new line (set) in the list.
Remove
Removes the highlighted lines from the list.
Select All
Selects all lines in the list so that they can be

manipulated together.
Import
Enables you to import a QH-relation from an external

ASCII file, saving you the trouble of entering this
data manually. The values for Discharge and Level
should be separated by a blank, [Tab] or [Return].
Export
Enables you to export a QH-relation to an external

ASCII file.
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions
120 Flow Modelling
User's guide
6.3.4 Q-Add scheme

Use this function to set or modify the Q-Add Schemes. DMS will show the Select
Q-Add Scheme dialog box. After the selection of a Q-Add scheme you can set,
import or modify Q-Add time series in a variation of the Modify Scheme dialog
box. The unit of discharge in DMS is m3/s.
Q-Add schemes are used as Boundary Conditions on Nodes and Discharge
points.
Q-Add schemes can also be used as Boundary Conditions on Area points
(schematization points) as a result of a RAM calculation.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Schemes - Q-Add
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Q-Add (Schemes)
Dialog box:
Boundary Conditions (object oriented) on <> behind QAdd scheme.
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions
6.3.5 Concentration Schemes

Use this function to set or modify the Concentration Schemes. DMS will show a
variation of the Modify Collection of Schemes dialog box. After the selection of a
variable DMS will show the Select Scheme dialog box. After the selection of a
Concentration scheme you can set, import or modify Concentration time series in
a variation of the Modify Scheme dialog box. DMS uses the following units for
the predefined variables, the units of the state variables are defined by the water
quality model:
Variable
Unit
Ammonium
mg N/l
Nitrate
mg N/l
Phosphor
mg/l
In Concentration schemes Duflow always displays mg/l as the unit of state

variables. Nevertheless is the real unit of a state variable defined by the users in
the Water Quality description file:
Concentration schemes are used as Boundary Conditions on Nodes and
Discharge points.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Schemes - Concentration
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Concentration (Schemes)
Dialog box:

Concentration scheme
Toolbar:
Related topics:
User's guide
Flow Modelling 121
Boundary Conditions
Quality Model
6.3.6 Load schemes

Use this function to set or modify the Load Schemes. DMS will show a variation
of the Modify Collection of Schemes dialog box. After the selection of a variable
DMS will show the Select Scheme dialog box. After the selection of a Load
scheme you can set, import or modify Load time-series in a variation of the
Modify Scheme dialog box. DMS uses the following units for the predefined
variables:
Variable
Unit
Ammonium
g N/sec
Nitrate
g N/sec
Phosphor
g/sec
In Load schemes Duflow always displays g/s as the unit of state variables.
Nevertheless is the real unit of a state variable defined by the users in the Water
Quality description file:
Load schemes are used as Boundary Conditions on Nodes and Discharge points.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Schemes - Load
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Load (Schemes)
Dialog box:

Load scheme.
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions
Quality Model
6.4 Other Conditions and Schemes

DMS can also take other conditions into account like wind direction, wind
velocity, precipitation, evaporation and unpaved surface.
Precipitation and evaporation can only be used in the RAM. Based on values for
precipitation and evaporation and the properties of the Area object, RAM will
calculate the additional flow into the network at Area points. This calculated Qadd time series automatically become Boundary Conditions on these Area
(schematization) points. An important property for the unpaved part of an Area is
the type of soil. The properties of a type of soil is stored in a Unpaved scheme.
Default DMS applies the precipitation and evaporation schemes for all Area
objects. If Area Precipitation or Area Evaporation is defined, DMS will overrule
the default values. See Area properties.
122 Flow Modelling
User's guide
Wind direction and wind velocity may be significant in extensive shallow

networks, can also be entered as a time series.
At weirs and other structures discharges and levels can be controlled by
manipulating the gates. DUFLOW allows for specification of such an operation
using the so-called trigger conditions: depending on flow conditions at specified
locations in the network, parameters such as the width of the weir, the level of the
sill etc. can be adjusted during the computation. In DMS these conditions are
considered as Structure Control.
Related topics:
Boundary Conditions
6.4.1 Precipitation scheme

Precipitation series will only be used in the RAM component. See the RAM
manual for more information.
Related topics:
Other Conditions and Schemes
6.4.2 Evaporation scheme

Evaporation series will only be used in the RAM component. See the RAM
manual for more information.
Related topics:
6.4.3 Wind Direction scheme

Use this function to set or modify the Wind Direction time series. DMS will show
the Wind Direction dialog box. The wind direction scheme is in fact a time series
scheme. DMS therefore uses a variation of the Modify Scheme dialog box to
modify the wind direction. The wind direction is the angle measured clockwise
from the North. The unit of the wind direction in DMS is degree (360).
Wind Direction series will only be used in the Duflow component. To calculate
the model with and without the influence of the wind direction use the option
Exclude in the Calculation Settingsdialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Wind Direction
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Wind Direction - Edit
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Wind Direction
Toolbar:
Related topics:
User's guide
Flow Modelling 123

Wind Velocity
6.4.4 Wind Velocity scheme

Use this function to set or modify the Wind Velocity time series. DMS will show
the Wind Velocity dialog box. The wind velocity scheme is in fact a time series
scheme. DMS therefore uses a variation of the Modify Scheme dialog box to
modify the wind velocity. The unit of wind velocity in DMS is m/s.
Wind Velocity series will only be used in the Duflow component. To calculate the
model with and without the influence of the wind direction use the option Exclude
in the Calculation Settings dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Wind Velocity
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Wind Velocity - Edit
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Wind Velocity
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Wind Direction
6.4.5 Unpaved Surface scheme

Unpaved schemes are only used in RAM component as a property of an Area.
See the RAM manual for more information.
Related topics:
6.5 Measured Data

Use this function to set or modify the Measured Data scheme. DMS will show the
Select Measured Data Scheme dialog box. After the selection of a Measured Data
scheme you can set, import or modify the time series in a variation of the Modify
Scheme dialog box. The specific unit can be selected .
Measured Data schemes are used to calibrate calculation results in Time Graphs.
Command:
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Measured Data
Toolbar:
124 Flow Modelling
User's guide
Related topics:
6.6 Structure Control

Structure Control in DMS offers the user a flexible way to implement all kinds of
structure controls in a model by means of a script. In general it is possible to
change the dimensions of a structure depending of water levels, discharges or
concentrations of solutes.
The use of Structure Control can be activated on the Duflow tab in the
Calculation Settings dialog box. Structure control requires the duflowdll.dll as
calculation engine. The button Script based Structure Controls in this dialog
box is used for setting the options for the structure control.
The way the structures are controled are described in Structure Control Scripts
(see Edit Structure Control). The scripts can be connected to one or more
Structures. With the Show Structure Control Scripts-command all objects with
structure control scripts are marked with the letters 'SC' in the network window.
Related topics:
Edit Structure Control
Script based Structure Controls
6.6.1 Edit Structure Control

Script based Structure Control is connected to a structure. It is possible to write a
script for several structures in one script connected to one structure, but it is also
possible to write several scripts for different structures. The advantage for using
one script is the overview one has, for the complete model. A disadvantage might
be the size of code in one single script. An advantage of having several scripts is
the possibility to turn off scripts of certain structures. In short one has to decide
which way works best for the model
Command:
User's guide
Context menu:
In the Network window after the selection of a section or

structure - Duflow - Edit Structure control...
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Structure Control Scripts

- Edit
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Structure Control Scripts
Flow Modelling 125
Dialog box:
The Structure Controls Script dialog box offers the following options:
Enabled
Choosing this option will activate scripting based

structure control for this structure. This option is only
available if the dialog is opened after the selection of an
object.
Script
In this part of the dialog the user can insert the scripting
for this structure.
Check
Clicking this button will check the script for syntax

errors. This check can only be partial, since some parts
can only be checked at runtime.
Related topics:
Structure Control
Elements of a structure script
6.6.2 Elements of a Structure script

The three main elements of a script are:
an assignment;
an if-then-else construction and;
a logical expression.
Related topics:
6.6.2.1 Assignments
An assignment has the form:
<accepting entity> = <Formula>
Examples of assignments:
PMP.capacity = 10/(PMP.end.level(t) PMP.begin.level(t))
WEI02.silllevel = WEI02.silllevel - SCH1.level(t) + 1.2
126 Flow Modelling
User's guide
Accepting entities
Accepting entities are:
silllevel, the sill level of a weir, culvert or general structure
gatelevel, the gate level of a weir, culvert or general structure
width, the width of a weir, culvert or general structure
pumpcapacity, the pump capacity of a pumping engine
startlevel, the start level for a pumping engine to start pumping at

the given capacity
stoplevel, the stop level for a pumping engine to stop pumping
The syntax for an accepting entity is:

Object.Entity
Examples:
WEIR01.silllevel
PUMP04.pumpcapacity.
Formulas
A formula consists of delivering entities, operators and functions.
Delivering entities
Delivering entities produce the value calculated by de computational core of
DUFLOW. Some delivering entities are not connected to an object, such as:
t, time step number
year, current year in the simulation
month, current month in the simulation
day, current day in the simulation
hour, current hour in the simulation
minute, current minute in the simulation
Syntax: Entity
Examples: t, year, month
Other delivering entities are connected to objects:
User's guide
level, the water level at nodes, schematisation points, begin and end
of structures
discharge, the dis charge at schematisation points, begin and end of

structures
concentration, the concentration of a water quality variable at

schematisation points, begin and end of structures
silllevel, the sill level of a weir, culvert or general structure
gatelevel, the gate level of a weir, culvert or general structure
Flow Modelling 127
width, the width of a weir, culvert or general structure
pumpcapacity, the pump capacity of a pumping engine
startlevel, the start level for a pumping engine to start pumping at

the given capacity
stoplevel, the stop level for a pumping engine to stop pumping
Syntax for level or discharge at structures: Object.Location.Entity(t)

Syntax for other structure/entity combinations: Object.Entity
Syntax for other (level, discharge)/entity combinations: Object.Entity(t)
Examples:
WEI001.silllevel
SCH01.discharge(t)
PMP01.end.level(t).
Note
The discharge in a node is evaluated by adding all positive

discharges of the sections that are connected to the node. For
the discharge at a schematisation point the discharge upstream
is taken.
Operators
Allowed operators are:
* (multiplication);
/ (division);
+ (addition);
- (subtraction).
Functions
The following functions are defined:
min, returns the minimal value
max, returns the maximal value
abs, returns the absolute value
Restriction: Recursive use of functions is not allowed. E.g.:

WEI01.silllevel = max(0,min(sch01.discharge(t), 1))
has to be rewritten into:
WEI01.silllevel = min(sch01.discharge(t), 1)
WEI01.silllevel = max(0,WEI01.silllevel)
6.6.2.2 If-then-else construction

The syntax for an if-then-else construction is:
if logical expression then
assignment 1
assignment 2
128 Flow Modelling
User's guide
:
assignment n
else
assignment 1
assignment 2
:
assignment m
endif
Example:
if (month > 5 and month < 9) then
WEI01.silllevel = 1.4
else
WEI01.silllevel = 1.8
endif
6.6.2.3 Logical expression

The syntax for a logical expression is:
formula 1 comp formula 2 [and/or formula 3 comp formula 4]
comp stands for:
< (less than)
> (more than)
<= (less or equal to aan)
>= (more or equal to)
= (equal to)
Several conditions can be combined by using the keywords and and or

Example:
Sch01.level(t) < 1.3*NOD01.level(t) and
(hour <= 7 or hour >= 20)
6.6.3 Show Structure Control Scripts

Use this function to show all objects with structure control scripts. The objects
are marked with the letters 'SC' in the network window.
Command:
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Structure Control
User's guide
Flow Modelling 129
6.7 Structure Control (old style)

This paragraph describes the old version of the Duflow function for structure
control. The new script based structure control offers a lot more possibilities.
Related topics:
Structure Control
6.7.1 Structure Control

Use this function to set or modify a Structure Operation. DMS will show the
Structure Control dialog box. After the selection of a Structure Operation you can
set, import or modify Structure Operation time series. This is the Duflow structure
control old style. The new script based structure control offers a lot more
possibilities.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Structure Control
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Structure Control (old

style) - Edit
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Structure Control (old

style)
Toolbar:
Dialog box:
The Structure Control dialog box contains an overview of the defined Structure
Operations.
Use the Add or Modify button to describe a new Structure Operation or to

modify one. DMS will open the Structure Operation dialog box.
Related topics:
Structure Operation
130 Flow Modelling
User's guide
6.7.2 Structure Operation

In the Structure Operation dialog box the specifications of structure operations
can be entered.
Command:
Dialog box:
Structure Control on <Add> or <Modify>
Dialog box:
Defining the structure operations can be done by entering the following

individual specifications:
Type of operation
Continuous
The operation will be executed during

the entire period of the calculation.
Trigger
series
A 'scenario' that describes the

variation of one Parameter in one or
more structures depending on actual
hydraulic conditions, called Trigger
Conditions. A 'scenario' may consists
of more than one Trigger series. The
number of operations times and the
number of structures per operation
may not exceed 16. Each 'structure
operation' may have up to 99 'trigger
conditions'.
Operational
parameter
The parameter of the structure that will be affected by

this structure operation. Note that earlier parameter
values are overwritten.
Structure
Specify the structure(s). Take care that the Operational

Parameter has a meaning for the given structure(s) (e.g.
do not change the sill level of a pump).
Continuous Operations
Entering a time series for the specified Operational Parameter can specify a
Continuous Operation.
User's guide
Flow Modelling 131
Trigger Series
Trigger series can be build from individual triggers using the following buttons:
Insert before
Inserts a new trigger before the highlighted line in the

list.
Insert after
Inserts a new trigger after the highlighted line in the

list.
Delete
Removes the selected trigger from the list.
Up
Moves the selected trigger one position up in list.
Down
Moves the selected trigger one position down in list.
One of the following Type of Trigger Conditions can specify a Trigger itself:
Time
After the specified time has passed the next trigger is

checked. If at that moment the new condition is met,
it is activated immediately.
H2 > H1+ H
Operational Parameter is executed if the level at the

end node is higher than the level at begin node plus an
increment H.
The value(s) of the Operational Parameter must be
specified by a time series.
H1 > H2+ H
Operational Parameter is executed if the level at begin

node is higher than the level at end node plus an
increment H.
Hnode > Htrig
Operational Parameter is executed if the level at a

node somewhere in the network (Trigger node) is
higher than a specified level (Trigger level).
Hnode < Htrig
Operational Parameter is executed if the level at a

node somewhere in the network (Trigger node) is
lower than a specified level (Trigger level).
Copy
A Trigger Condition that already has been specified

can be repeated by entering its serial number.
The Operational Parameter will change according to the entered time series. The
first value will be assigned immediately after the condition is met. The last value
will be kept until the next condition is met.
If the next trigger condition is met before the end of this time series then the new
condition overrules the old one.
Related topics:
Structure Control
132 Flow Modelling
User's guide
7. Quality Modelling
7.1 Building a Quality model

To set up a Quality Model the following steps should be carried out:
Define Quality Model
1.
Open a project that contains a Flow model. Make sure that the computation
is stable and that the results are correct.
Define Quality Model
2.
Define a Quality Model description file. In this file the relevant quality
processes can be described. A Quality Model description file is an ASCIIfile with the extension MOD.
Language reference
More information about the syntax of this file can be found in the Duflow
Reference Manual, chapter Duprol.
The Quality Model description file can also be defined after step 4.
Simple example
A simple Quality Model description file like below contains the definition of a
tracer named Trac. The name of the file is Tracer.MOD:
/* Duflow COURSE FEBRUARY 1998
/* SIMPLE TRACERMODEL
/* HINNE REITSMA 02-01-1998
WATER
TRAC
[10.000]
PARM
Ktrac [0.0100]
*/
*/
*/
mg/l
;TRACER
1/day
;DECOMPOSITION RATE TRAC
{
K1(TRAC)=-Ktrac;
}
Extended examples
User's guide
When DMS is installed properly some Quality Models with extended Quality
Model description files are available in the WinDuflow/QualityModels directory.
Information about how to obtain the Reference Manual for these Quality models
can be found on the Duflow internet site.
3.
Save the Quality Model description file in the Scenario directory of the
appropriate Project.
4.
Add the Quality Model to the Project Flow model - by entering the name
of the Quality Model description file without extension in the Duflow tab of
the Calculation Settings dialog box. For example, enter the name Tracer. If
the Quality Model description file does not exist in the Scenario directory,
DMS will prompt you to create it.
Quality Modelling 133
Edit Quality Model
You can modify the contents of the Quality Model description file with the Edit
Quality Model function. Use this function also to define a new Quality Model
description file if it was not created already in step 2.
Tip
To use the output for Ammonium, Nitrate and Phosphor from

the RAM calculation as a boundary in the Duflow calculation,
declare these state variables with exactly the same name in the
Quality model.
Compile Quality model
5.
If the Quality Model description file is correct, it can be compiled by

choosing the Compile Quality Model command.
Duprol
The part of the Duflow package, which compiles the Quality Model description
file and generates a Quality Model output file, is called Duprol. The Quality
Model output file, which has the extension MOB, can be read by the Duflow
calculation process. The Quality Model output file (*.MOB) is stored in the same
directory with the same name as the Quality Model descriptions file.
Initial Conditions
6.
If the Quality Model description file is compiled successfully, the Initial

Conditions for the State Variables concentrations - can be entered.
Choose the Initial Conditions function to add these to the Network.
Note that if slow quality processes are defined in the Quality Description
file, the effect of the initial concentrations can be significant.
Boundary Conditions
7.
Define the Quality Boundary Conditions. Quality Boundary Conditions can

be entered as time series for concentration or load. Use the Boundary
Conditions function to connect a scheme to an object. Boundary Conditions
for Quality can only be defined at Nodes or Discharge points.
Duflow always displays the unit mg/l for concentration and g/d for load.
Nevertheless does the user in the Quality Model description file define the
real unit for a state variable.
Pay attention to the following:
If you dont define Quality Boundary Conditions on a point, the

concentration of the outflowing water (and also for the incoming
water) is supposed to be zero. So no substances are leaving the
system at this point.
If you define Quality Boundary Conditions on a point, these

schemes will only be used for the incoming water. The
concentration of the outflowing water is always equal to the
concentration of the water mass at this point, which is calculated
by Duflow.
A flow boundary condition without any quality boundary

condition has a special meaning, which may influence the results.
In normal situations it is therefore necessary to define a quality
boundary condition for every flow boundary condition even if
there is only outflow at the boundary. Duflow will generate
warnings if this is the case.
Parameters
8.
Check the values for the Parameters that are defined in the Quality Model
description. Use the Parameters function to open the Parameters dialog box.
The initial values for the parameters are copied from the Quality Model
description file.
External Variables
9.
Enter schemes for the External variables. External variables can be defined in
the Quality Model description file for input data that are space and/or time
dependent.
134 Quality Modelling
User's guide
Dispersion
If the Quality Model description file does not contain any External Variable, then
at least one or more schemes for Dispersion should be entered. However the
dispersion coefficient D (identified by d) does not have to be declared in the
Quality Model description file, it has to be defined in the Quality Model itself.
The value of the dispersion coefficient D either can be defined by the user or can
be calculated using the properties of the flow (D=D0+ k f(flow)). For technical
details please refer to the Duflow Reference Manual.
In the first case a scheme for the external variable D0 ( 'd' in DMS) has to be
created and assigned to the network objects. In the latter case also a scheme for
k ('alfak' in DMS) has to be created . In case k equals 0 (when no scheme is
created), dispersion is not calculated by the model and the user supplied values
(for external variable 'd') are used.
Use the External Variables function to add or modify External Variables schemes
to the project. External Variables schemes can be connected to Nodes,
Schematization points and structures.
Duflow offers two options to connect External Variables schemes to objects.
Connecting to all objects
The first option is the easiest. Use the Connect to All Objects
command to connect an External Variable scheme to all objects in
the Network. At all objects the External Variable schemes are set to
< connect to all = name > and can be manual modified for each
object.
Connect to a single object
If an External Variable is space dependent you can connect an

External Variables scheme to an object by using the External
Variables function. If this option is used, make sure you connect a
scheme to every object nodes, schematization points and
structures - of the network.
Using this option overwrites the scheme that is selected in the first
option.
Note that an External Variables scheme is in fact a property of an object. If the

Connect to All Objects command is used, the selected scheme appears in the
display as < connect to all = dispersion> in the Object Properties dialog box.
Calculate
9.
Before a Quality calculation can be started the some calculation options

should be changed. Use the Calculation Settings command to open
Calculation Settings dialog box. Check the following options:
The time step for Quality at the General tab must fit to the Quality
processes in the Quality Model description file.
At the Duflow tab the Type of Calculation must be set on

Flow&Quality.
Use the Output Variables function - on the same tab - to set
variables of the Quality Model to be available for output. Default
no Variables are selected for output!
Choosing the Calculate or Update All command activates the calculation.
7.2 Quality Model Functions

The functions in this paragraph can only be used if a Quality Model is defined
within the project.
The following functions are available:
User's guide
Edit Quality model
Parameters
External Variables
Related topics:
Building a Quality Model
7.2.1 Edit Quality Model

Use this function to edit the Quality model. The contents of the Quality Model
description file appear as a window in the Workspace, where it can be edited.
The Quality Model description file is a text -file containing the descriptions of the
quality processes. The syntax of these descriptions is exp lained in the paragraph
"Writing Quality Process Description file". The name of the Quality Model
description file must be specified in the Calculation Settings under the Duflow
tab. The Quality Model description file has the extension *.MOD. After creation,
it will be stored in the scenario directory.
It is also possible to edit the Quality Model description file with a different editor
like Notepad or Wordpad. The Quality Model description file should always be
saved in text -format.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Quality - Edit
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Quality Model - Edit
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Quality Model
Toolbar:
Tip
While editing the Quality model the position of the cursor is

displayed in the right area of the Status bar.
Related topics:
Writing Quality Process Description file
7.2.2 Compile Quality Model

Use this command to compile the Quality Model description file . DUPROL
compiles the process descriptions of the *.MOD file and generates a Quality
Model output file which can be read by the Duflow calculation process. The
Quality Model output file will be written in the scenario directory with the same
name as the Quality description file, but gets the extension *. MOB.
Compiling the Quality Model description file will not change the values of the
parameters or the initial values of the variables.
User's guide
If the compilation of the Quality Model stops without completion, it can be

terminated with the Terminate Calculation command.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario Quality Compile.
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Quality Model

Compile.
Keys:
CTRL+F7
After compiling Duflow will give a warning about the relinking of the Quality
Variables. If the Quality Model description file is compiled successfully the
Quality Variables will be relinked without any problems. Otherwise, if problems
occur during compilation, the Quality Variables will not be linked.
Tip
Before compiling make sure that the Quality model is closed

with an empty line at the bottom, otherwise DUPROL will not
be able to compile the file correctly.
Related topics:
Edit Quality model
7.2.3 Parameters
Use this function to modify the values of the parameters as defined in the
Quality Model description file. The initial values are copied by DMS from the
Quality Model description file. DMS will show the Parameters dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario - Parameters
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Parameters - Edit
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Parameters
Toolbar:
Dialog box:
The Parameters dialog box contains a table of parameters declared in the Quality
Model description file. By changing the value of a parameter the Quality Model
can be calibrated. Use the Defaults button to change the value in the default
values. The default values are defined in the Quality Model description file.
Related topics:
7.2.4 External Variables

Use this function to set or modify the External Variables schemes. DMS will show
a variation of the Modify Collection of Schemes dialog box. After the selection of
a External Variable DMS will show the Select Scheme dialog box. After the
User's guide
selection of an External Variable scheme you can set, import or modify External
Variable time series in a variation of the Modify Scheme dialog box.
It is also possible to start the External Variables function in the Object Properties
dialog box on the Duflow tab. DMS will show the External Variables dialog box
(object oriented) with the selected schemes for the External Variables of the
selected object.
An External Variables scheme can be connected to all objects of the network by
using the Connect to All Objects command. If this command is used, the selected
scheme will be displayed in the Objects Properties dialog as < connect to all =
NameParameter > .
Dispersion
Note that the dispersion coefficient D in DMS identified by a d - is also
considered to be an external variable although it is not declared in the Quality
Model description file.
The value of the dispersion coefficient D either can be defined by the user or can
be calculated using the properties of the flow (D=D0+ x f(flow)). For technical
details please refer to the Duflow Reference Manual. In the first case a scheme for
the external variable D0 ( 'd' in DMS) has to be created and assigned to the
network objects. In the latter case also a scheme for x ('alfak' in DMS) has to be
created . In case x equals 0 (when no scheme is created), dispersion is not
calculated by the model and the user supplied values ('d') are used.
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario External Variables
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on External Variables

Edit
Double click:
Toolbar:
Dialog box:
The External Variables dialog box gives an overview of the selected schemes for
the dispersion and the other external variables declared in the Quality Model
description file. By clicking on the arrow behind the scheme-name a list with the
available schemes will be displayed. Use the [] button to open the Select
Scheme dialog box to add or modify schemes.
Related topics:
Connect to All Objects
7.2.5 Connect to All Objects

Use this command to connect an External Variable scheme to all relevant objects
of the network. These objects are the Nodes, Schematization points and the
Structures.
If this command is used, the selected External Variables scheme will not be
displayed in the Object Properties dialog box on the Duflow tab.
User's guide
The scheme, which is connected to an object by using this command, can be

overwritten by selecting an other scheme in the Object Properties dialog box on
the Duflow tab.
Command:
Context menu:

Connect to all objects.
Related topics:
External Variables
7.3 Writing Quality Proces Description file

The interactions involved without transport processes, advection and dispersion,
need to be supplied by the quality model development part of the program. These
are stored in the process description file *.MOD. The resulting set of equations
has to be compiled using Duprol. After compilation a *.MOB file is created which
can be read by Duflow.
Related topics:
Syntax Duprol
7.3.1 Syntax Duprol

Duprol is not case sensitive.
Some rules of syntax:
An identifier (name of a variable) starts with a character and

consists of a maximum of six characters. Non alpha-numerical
characters are not allowed. The name of variable d is reserved for
the dispersion coefficient and should not be used.
Comments start with /* and end with */.
An include statement can be used to include parts of the Duprol

code from other files (syntax: #include <filename>, for <filename>
the name of the file must be substituted)
A model file consists of the parts:
User's guide
Declaration section:
In this part the different variables are defined.
Compound statement for water courses:

This part contains the equations describing the processes in the
water courses.
Compound statement for weirs, general structures and culverts:

The mass transfer of gasses and volatile substances at these
structres can be modelled. Although the concept was originally
introduced to simulate the enhanced oxygen transfer at weirs, it also
can be used to describe the release of volatile substances.
This part is optional.

The weirs part starts with the keyword weirs.
The *.MOD file must be closed with an empty line at the bottom, otherwise
Duprol cannot compile the file correctly.
Choose to edit the model definition file if you want to develop the quality model.
The program will ask which model definition file is to be edited. (*.mod). The
editor will be activated so the desired process description file can be entered. A
shortened example of a model definition file is shown below.
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
/*
Simple Eutrophication Model
EUTROF1.MOD
DUFLOW
*/
water
water
water
water
water
water
water
water
water
parm
parm
parm
parm
..
..
..
A
PORG
PANORG
NH4
NO3
NORG
O2
BOD
SS
kp
kn
ealg
e0
[ 2.000]
[ 0.110]
[ 0.040]
[ 0.300]
[ 3.000]
[ 0.800]
[10.000]
[ 5.000]
[ 5.000]
[ 0.005]
[ 0.010]
[ 0.016]
[ 1.000]
mg-C/l
mg-P/l
mg-P/l
mg-N/l
mg-N/l
mg-N/l
mg/l
mg-O2/l
mg/l
mg-P/l
mg-N/l
ug-Chl/l,m
1/m
;Algal biomass
;Organic Phosphorus
;Inorganic Phosphorus
;Ammonia
;Nitrate
;Organic Nitrogen
;Oxygen
;BOD-5
;Suspended Solids
;Monod constant Phosphorus
;Monod constant Nitrogen
;Specific extinction chlorophyll
;Background extinction
xt
sod
xt
i0
xt
t
xt
resf
Solids
xt
pflux
fromsediment
xt
nflux
sediment
[ 1.000]
[ 10.00]
[ 20.00]
[ 0.50]
g-O2/m2.day
W/m2
oC
g/m2.day
;Sediment Oxygen Demand

;Surface Light Intensity
;Temperature
;Resuspension flux Suspended
0.00]
g P/m2,day
;Phosphorus release flux
0.00]
g N/m2,day
;Ammonia release flux from
flow
flow
flow
flow
flow
[ 2.00]
[ 0.10]
[ 10.00]
[1]
[1]
m
m3/day
m2
;Water depth
;Flow
;Cross sectional Area
;Width of structure
;Fall height
*/
Hans Aalderink & Nico Klaver
*/
*/
Agricultural University of Wageningen

Department of Nature Conservation
Water Quality Management Section
P.O. BOX 8080
6700 DD Wageningen
The Netherlands
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
*/
September 1992
z
Q
As
Width
Fallh
*/
m
m
{
fdpano=1/(1+kpip*SS);
PORTO=PANORG*fdpano;
Chla=achlc*A;
fn=MIN(PORTO/(PORTO+kp),(NH4+NO3)/(NH4+NO3+kn));
etot=e0+ealg*Chla;
ister=i0/is;
User's guide
fl=2.71*(exp(-1*ister*exp(-1*etot*z))-exp(-ister))/(etot*z);
ft=tga^(t-20);
Groei=umax*fn*fl*ft;
Resp=kres*tra^(t-20)+kdie;
k1(A)=Groei-Resp;
..
..
Ptot=PORG+PANORG+A*apc;
Nkj=NORG+NH4+anc*A;
Ntot=Nkj+NO3;
}
Weirs
{
/* Oxygen saturation is required for the calculation of the
actual oxygen concentration at the end of the structure */
O2S=14.652-0.41022*T+0.007991*T*T-0.000077774*T*T*T;
rt(o2) = max(1,0.866+0.602*fallh-0.107*(q/width)^0.21*z^(-1.7)*fallh^0.06);
}
The include statement can be used in the following way:

#include declarations.inc
{
#include oxy-nit.mod
Ntot=Nkj+NO3;
#include sediment.mod
}
weirs
{
#include rearation.inc
}
After editing the model file, leave the editor and choose to compile the model file.
The program will translate the *.mod file into a *.mob file.
The *.mob file can be divided into a header, a section with declarations and the
program section. The header contains the dimensions as defined by the water
quality model. The section with declarations defines the substances that are used
along with variables and parameters. The program part of the file contains the
programming code of the quality model in reversed polish notation (RPN).
Related topics:
Declaration section
Compound statement
7.3.2 Declaration section

In the declaration section all different variables have to be defined. Five types of
variables are distinguished.
User's guide
water
Water column state variables. The flow has affect on this type of
variable.
bottom
Sediment state variables. For these type of variables horizontal
transport is omitted. Hence only the processes are calculated.

Exchange between the sediment and the overlying water column
should be described by the user. The flow has no effect on this type
of variable.
xt
External variables, which are space and/or time dependent.
parm
Parameters, constants and coefficients used in the process

equations.
flow
Flow variables, supplied by the hydraulic part of the model. These

variables differ from the other variables by the fact that the
identifiers of these variables are built-in. The following identifiers are
available:
Z
Depth of water (m)
Level (m)
Flow (m3/s)
As
Flow area (m2)
Ab
Storage area (m2)
ds
Section direction(degrees - 360o, measured

clockwise from the North)
dt
Quality time step (s)
dx
Half of the length of section (m)
Half of the volume of section (m3)
Wf
Wind velocity (m/s)
Wd
Wind direction (degrees -360o, measured clockwise

from the North)
Fallh
Fall height (m)

defined as the distance between the sill level of the
structure and the water level down stream of the
structure.
Hc
Thickness of the over flowing water
Width
The width of a structure
The latter three flow variables may only be used in the weirs section of the
quality model. The figure below shows the defintion of the several flow variables
at structures.
The names ABLOCK, WPLANT and D are reserved names. Bottom variable
ABLOCK and function WPLANT are used by the obstruction due to plant
growth module (par. 7.3.3.3). D denotes the dispersion.
Syntax of the declaration section:
User's guide
water,
bottom,
xt,
parm,
flow
identifier
default
Dimension
Description
<retu
rn>
Default
Default values are used if the user does not supply values
within the other menus. For the state variable the default values
are used if the user does not enter initial conditions. The
default value has to be given in between brackets `[' and `]'.
Dimension
The unit of the variable may consist of a maximum of 10

characters, followed by `;'. Longer names will be truncated. The
unit of time in rate constants should always be defined in days.
Description
The description of the variable may not exceed a maximum of 40

characters. Longer lines will be truncated.
Below a part of the declaration section is given of the model description file.
/* Simple declaration section for explaining DUFLOW
/* remarks: No physical meaning
!!!
/*
*/
*/
*/
water
water
water
water
A
O2
BOD
SS
[ 2.000]
[10.000]
[ 5.000]
[10.000]
ug-C/l
mg/l
mg-O2/l
mg/l
;Algal biomass
;Oxygen
;BOD
;Suspended solids
parm
parm
parm
parm
water
kp
kn
ealg
e0
[
[
[
[
mg-P/l
mg-N/l
ug-Chl/l,m
1/m
;Monod-constant P algal growth

;Monod-constant N algal growth
;Specific extinction algae
;Background extinction of the
xt
xt
xt
i0
t
resf
[ 10.00]
[ 20.00]
[ 0.50]
W/m2
oC
g/m2.dag
;Irradiation
;Temperature
;Resuspension
0.005]
0.010]
0.016]
1.000]
flux
Related topics:
Syntax Duprol
Compound statement
User's guide
7.3.3 Compound statement

7.3.3.1 Processes in sections
In this part the process descriptions have to be included. This section starts with
`{' and should be closed `}'. All arithmetic expressions may be used (see next
paragraph). The way the differential equations for the state variables should be
entered needs some additional explanation.
For most state variables the kinetic derivative has the following form:
C
= k1C + k 0
t
In this equation all first and zero order terms should be separated. For example the
following equation:
C
= ka ( Cs C ) kd L
t
should be rearranged like:
C
= k a C + ka Cs kd L
t
Internally lumped first and zero order coefficient are used, which should be
defined by the user as:
k1 ( C) = k a
k 0 ( C) = + k a Cs k d L
If the k1 and k0 coefficient are not defined they will be set equal to zero.
For non state variables a function identifier is used. The declaration of these type
of variables is implicit, which means that they may not be declared in the
declaration section.
7.3.3.2 Compound statements

A compound statement consists of statements. Two types of statements are
available:
formula
See section 7.3.3.3
if-statement
See section 7.3.3.4
Syntax of compound statement:
Formula
{
}
If statement
User's guide
7.3.3.3 Formula
The general syntax of a formula is shown in the figure below:
k0
k1
statevariable
expression
function
identifier
k1
First order reaction coefficient.
k0
Zero order reaction coefficient.
state variable
Water or bottom state variable (maximal 6 characters).
function identifier
Identifier of a function (maximal 8 characters).
Expression
Definition of a function. A formula, defining the function

identifier at right side of the equation. This formula
consists off regular mathematic operators completed with
several built-in functions .
A function identifier is not allowed to appear in the right
side of his own definition. A function identifier must
already have been defined before it can be used in the
right side of an equation. The following operators are
available (in order of priority):
Arithmetic :
Built -in functions:
()
sin(x)
^ (to invoke)
cos(x)
tan(x)
exp(x) (e x)
ln(x)
log(x) (10log(x ))
abs(x) ( | x | )
min( x1,x 2,..., xn)
max (x1, x2,... ,xn)
int(x) (truncate x to integer value)
Round(x) (round x to integer value)
asin(x) (arc sine(x))
User's guide
acos(x) (arc cosine(x))

atan(x) (arctangent(x))
rnd (random value)
7.3.3.4 If-statement
Duprol contains a flow-control statement. The syntax of this statement is shown
in the figure below.
ifexpressie
else ifexpressie
elseexpressie
executable
statement
The if statement can be applied in several ways. The most common use of the
statement will be shown in the following examples.
Example 1
Most basic formulation. If the condition in ( and )is true the statement between
the { and } will be executed.
if (NO3==0.0)
{
pnh4=0.0;
}
Example 2
Example 1 can be extended with an alternative executable statement if the
condition is false.
if
{
(NO3==0.0)
pnh4=0.0;
}
else
{
pnh4= NO3/NH4*Kmn;
}
Example 3
If statements can be applied in several complicated situations, even nesting is
allowed.
if
{
(NO3==0.0)
pnh4=0.0;
}
else if (NH4==0.0)
{
pnh4= NH4/NO3*Kmn;
if ((Kop>=1.0) && (Lap!=0.0))
{
Mip=pnh4*Kmn/2+0.001;
}
}
User's guide
else
{
pnh4=NO3/NH4*Kmn;
}
General remarks concerning the use of if statements :
Conditions can be defined using the following relational and logical

(in order of priority):
>
>=
<
<=
== (is equal to)
!= (unequal to)
! (not)
&& (and)
|| (or)
Also in an if statement every executable statement must be closed

with a ;.
Between the { } the user can define a block of executable

statements (= compound statement).
Related topics:
Syntax Duprol
Declaration section
7.3.3.5 Obstruction in sections due to plant growth

The discharge capacity of a water course is among others dependent of the
resistance induced by water plants. During the season this resistance will vary
substantially. In this subsection is described how this phenomenon can be taken
into account in a DUFLOW model using DUPROL.
In the non stationary flow equations in DUFLOW the following resistance term is
used:
Q = At C R
H
x
Where:
Q
= Discharge (m3/s)
At
= Flow area (m2)
= Chezy value (m1/2/s)
= Hydraulic radius(m)
H
x
= hydraulic gradient (m)
This equation is valid for the part of the water course that is not obstructed (flow
area).
User's guide
In DUFLOW it is possible to reduce the flow area by means of bottom variable

ablock. Ablock must have a value between 0 and 1 (0 means no obstruction, 1
means totally obstructed). Ablock denotes the fraction of obstructed water
coarse. The flow area is reduced by:
A1 = (1 ablock ) At
Where At denotes the flow area as specified in the model, and A1 denotes the flow
area that is not obstructed.
If a water course is (partially) obstructed by water plants the resistance in this

water course increases.
According to Griffioen and Pitlo (Cultuurtechnisch Vademecum 2000) the relation
between discharge and the hydraulic gradient must be separated by a part open
water and a part with vegetation. The amount of water that flows through the
open water part is calculated using the current resistence term in DUFLOW. The
amount of water that flows through the obstructed part is calculated using the
equation for water flow through porous media (Darcy). The combined equation is:
Q = A1C R1
Where:
Q
=
A1
Discharge (m3/s)
Flow area open water ( =
A2
Flow area with vegetation ( =
C
R1
H
x
H
H
+ WA2
x
x
[1 ablock ] At ) (m2)
ablock At ) (m2)
1/2
=
=
Chezy value (m /s)

Hydraulisc radius open water (m)
hydraulic gradient (m)
Conductance of the part with vegetation (m/s). W is dependent of the type of water plants. Values
can vary from 30 to 700. (grass like vegetation has a value of 30; reet has a value of 100)
7.3.3.6 Rearation at weirs

The DUPROL code consists of three parts. The first part is the declaration
section, the second part is contains the description of the processes in the
ordinary sections. The third part contains the description of the processes at
weirs. The latter part of the DUPROL code starts with the keyword weirs.
In the second part of the DUPROL code the processes are defined by assigning
values k0 and k1 for the substances. In the third part a value for the deficit ratio
must be given. The deficit ratio is defined by:
Rt =
C s Cu
Cs Cd
Where:
Rt
Deficit ratio at temperature t
User's guide
Cs
Saturation concentration of the substance in water at given temperature t

(g.m-3)
Cu
Concentration upstream of the weir (g.m-3)
Cd
Concentration downstream of the weir (g.m-3)
In DUFLOW the values for Rt as well as for Cs must be given. The upstream and
downstream concentration is calculated by DUFLOW.
In the DUPROL code the value for Rt is defined by:

rt(<state variable>) = <expression>
The saturation concentration of a state variable has to be given as well. DUPROL
expects a function with the name <state variable>s (the name of the state
variable with an s added).
Examples:
For o2, the saturation concentration must be given in o2s (o2s = 10)
For oxygen, the saturation concentration must be given in oxygens
Especially for the rearation at weirs the flow variables fallh, width, and hc are
available.
Hc
Fallh
Where:
Fallh
Fall height (m)

defined as the distance between the sill level of the
structure and the water level down stream of the
structure.
Hc
Thickness of the over flowing water
Width
The width of a structure
The duprol code for rearation of o2 at weirs, might look like:
User's guide
weirs
{
O2S=14.652-0.41022*T+0.007991*T*T-0.000077774*T*T*T;
rt(o2) = max(1,0.866+0.602*(fallh+hc)+0.107*
(q/width)^0.21*z^(-1.7)*(fallh+hc)^0.06);
}
User's guide
8. Calculation
8.1 Calculation Preparation

Before a calculation can be started, first some general information concerning the
calculation should be entered in the Calculation Settings dialog box. The output
of a calculation of DMS strongly depends on the options that are chosen in this
dialog box.
Related topics:
8.1.1 Calculation Settings

Use this function to set or modify the settings that govern the calculation. DMS
will show the Calculation Settings dialog box. The Model Calculation Settings
dialog box consists of three parts. The general settings, defining the
computational duration and time steps. The RAM part, for definitions of the
RAM calculation. The Duflow part, for defining the quality model, De Chezy
values, Theta values etc..
Command:
Menu bar:
Scenario Calculation Settings
Context menu:
In the Scenario Manager window on Calculation settings Edit
Double click:
In the Scenario Manager window on Calculation settings
Toolbar:
User's guide
Calculation 151
8.1.2 Calculation Settings dialog box (General)

Dialog box (General tab):
The General calculation settings are subject to the following conditions:
152 Calculation
Start computation
Set the start date and time for the

calculation.
Start output
Set the start date and time of writing

data to the result file. This enables the
user to skip output of the first part of
the simulation. This can be convenient if
the initial conditions do not represent
the physical state of the system at the
start of the simulation.
End
Set the end date and time for the

calculation. The total calculation period
can not succeed 57 years.
Time Step size,

Computation Flow
Time interval used for calculation in the

hydraulic part. The Duflow Reference
Manual gives suggestions for the choice
User's guide
of the hydraulic time step.

The time step size should never be
larger than the step size used in the time
series in the scenario.
Time Step size,
Computation Quality
Time interval for the quality part of the

model. The Duflow Reference Manual
gives suggestions for the choice of the
quality time step. The Quality time step
is rounded to the nearest multiple of the
Flow time step.
Time Step size, Output
Set the output time step, the output

time step must be a multiple of the
calculation time step.
Resistance formula
The channel friction can be calculated

using:
-
the formula of De Chzy. The

"resistance" coefficient C in the
definition of the sections is from
the basic formula:v=C(RI)
the formula of Manning. The

"resistance" is the Manning
coefficient k (1/n) from the basic
formula v=kR2/3I1/2. In the actual
calculation C=kR1/6 is substituted
in the formula of De Chzy.
The value of C is calculated for each

time step during the simulation.
Default: De Chzy
More information about the Resistance
formula is described in the Duflow
Reference Manual.
Trace calculation output
to file "calculation.txt"
If checked all messages that appear in

the Output Window are saved in the
calculatoin.txt file of the active scenario.
Summer period, Start
At the given date the crown height of

the weirs will be set to the summer
level.
Summer period, End
At the given date the crown height of

the weirs will be set to the winter level.
8.1.3 Calculation Settings dialog box (Duflow)

Dialog box (Duflow tab):
User's guide
Calculation 153
The Duflow calculation settings are subject to the following conditions:

Perform Duflow
Calculation
Checkbox to choose whether a Duflow calculation

should be made or not when giving the Calculate
command.
It is also possible to perform only a RAM calculation
(RAM tab).
Type of Calculation
Flow
Only flow is calculated
Flow and Quality
Flow and quality are calculated simultaneously
Quality
This option can only be used if an intermediate flow
result file (*.DMP) was generated in a flow
calculation. In this case the necessary flow
information for the mass transport is read from the
intermediate flow result file. This option can be
useful if different quality calculations have to be
performed all using the same flow calculations. This
is the case if one or more parameters of the water
quality model are changed during the calibration of
the model, or if another process description file is
used to generate another water quality model.
Box
Using this option only the processes as defined in the
process description file will be simulated. Transport
is not calculated. The calculations will be performed
for all defined sections within the network. Boundary
conditions (both Flow and Quality) will not be used.
If in the process description file flow variables are
154 Calculation
User's guide
used, the default values from the *.MOD file will be

used. External variables (time dependent and location
specific) will be used as defined in the quality menu
external variables. This option is useful when
developing and testing a process description file.
Furthermore the use of this option enables the
examination of the relative importance of the
transport processes in comparison with the other
processes involved.
Calculation Engine
Structure control requires the duflowdll.dll as

calculation engine. Cduflo.exe is required for use in
conjunction with MoDuflow.
Script Based Structure

Controls
Use this button to choose the options for the

structure control. DMS will show the Script Based
Structure Controls dialog box.
Calc. of advection term.
Option Total includes the so-called Froude term.

Selecting Damped the Froude term is also taken
into account, but its absolute value will not exceed
the friction term. One may also choose to neglect the
entire Froude term with Neglected Froude.
More information about advection is described in the
Duflow Reference Manual.
Theta
The factor controlling numerical damping.

Default: 0.55
The value for theta may range from 0.5 to1.0.
The highest precision in the results will received
when the value for theta is 0.5. At that stage the
scheme for solving the swallow water equations is
second order precise in time and space. But the
calculation can become unstable. If so, the theta can
be increased. More info about unstable calculations
can be found in the paragraph Stability Problems
If theta is equal to 1.0, the calculation has the highest
stability, but the solving of the scheme is only first
order precise in time and space.
More information about Theta is described in the
Extra iteration
At each time step the level dependent parameters

(like flow area, storage area and hydraulic radius) are
calculated from the simulation at the previous time.
These values can be adjusted using the new values
computed for the actual time using an extra iteration.
Quality Model
Name of the ASCII-file that contains the quality

model. Enter the name of the file without the
extension. The file itself must have the extension
*.MOD and be located in the sub directory of the
scenario. When a non-existing filename is given, DMS
will create that file after it has been edited.
To edit the quality model file use the Edit Quality
Model function.
Theta (0.0-1.0)
User's guide
The factor controlling the numerical solution of the

advection and dispersion equation. The value zero
(=0) is not allowed for numerical reasons.
Calculation 155
Default: 0.55
Decouple
If this box is not checked, dispersion is considered at

both sides of a node. When checked, only dispersion
in forward direction is taken into account. Decoupling
only takes place at those nodes, where a discharge is
located.
Output Variables
Use this button to select variables for output. DMS

will show the Output Variables dialog box. From the
displayed checklist state variables and intermediate
results defined as function identifiers in the Quality
Model file can be selected for output.
Special Control
Use this button to choose other special options like

the threshold value for the dry flood procedure. DMS
will show the Special Control dialog box.
Exclude from calculation
Use this option to exclude wind velocity or wind

direction from the calculation.
This option enables the user to get information about
the influence of the wind on the model.
Use structure length
Use this option to use the length of a structure (i.e.

culvert) on a section. If switched off (default) the
length of a structure is added to the length of section.
Related topics:
Script based Structure Controls
Output Variables
Special Control
Calculation Preparation
8.1.4 Script based Structure Controls

Use this function to choose options for the Structure Control.
Command:
Dialog box:
Calculation Settings (Duflow tab) on <Script based Structure

Controls>.
Dialog boxes:
156 Calculation
User's guide
The Script based Structure Controls dialog box offers the following options:
Enable scripting
Choosing this option will activate scripting based

structure control.
Structures
This button will show the Selection Structure Control

dialog to to activate or deactivate scripts by checking or
unchecking a certain structure.
Trace Options
Trace options controls the amount of output that is sent

by the calculation engine to the message window. It
offers the user insight to the way the scripts are
evaluated during the computation.
This option will slow down the computation.
The Selection Structure Control dialog box offers the possibility to activate or
deactivate scripts by checking or unchecking a certain structure.
Related topics:
Structure Control
User's guide
Calculation 157
8.1.5 Output Variables

From the displayed checklist state variables and intermediate results defined as
coefficients and function identifiers in the Quality Model file can be selected for
output.
Command:
Dialog box:
Calculation Setting (Duflow tab) on <Output Variables>.
Dialog box:
To check al the listed variables use the Select All button and mark the 'Check'
checkbox field.
The combination '$0' before the variable means the zero order coefficient of that
variable, '$1' means the first order coefficient.
Related topics:
8.1.6 Special Control

Use this function to choose other special options like the threshold value for the
dry flood procedure.
Command:
Dialog box:
Calculation Setting (Duflow tab) on <Special Control>.
Dialog box:
The Special Control dialog box offers the following options:
Create intermediate flow
file
A dump file will be generated during simulation using

option Flow. The intermediate flow result file
(*.DMP) will be used to simulate transport if a
quality calculation is performed. In this *.DMP file
information about volumes, flows etc. is stored,
which is read during quality simulation. This enables
the user to perform a number of quality simulations
using the same hydraulic conditions.
Default: No
Note that the intermediate flow-files can use a lot of
disk space.
158 Calculation
User's guide
Alpha (corr. for velocity

distribution)
Represents the influence of the velocity distribution

over the cross section.
Default: 1
Minimum number of time

steps between triggers
After a trigger condition is affected some shocks can

occur due to a sudden change in the structure
operation. To prevent the next trigger from reacting
to these shocks, the check for this next trigger is
omitted during a specified number of time steps.
Default: 3
Threshold Level
If the water level reaches below this given level, the

dry-flood procedure will be activated. The threshold
level is given relative to the Floor level (bottom) of
the cross section. More information about the dryflood procedure is described in the Duflow Reference
Manual.
Default: 0.10 metre
Related topics:
Structure Operation
8.2 Calculation commands

A Duflow calculation is divided into three steps. In the first step the Network is
converted. In this conversion calculation points are defined and based on the
Cross Sections the cross sectional profile at the Duflow points are defined. Next
the input data of the Network window is written to the so-called Duflow files.
These Duflow files contain ASCII text. The format of these files is described in
the Duflow Reference Manual. Finally the calculation is performed and the results
are stored in the results files (*.RES contains the flow results, *.REK contains the
quality results).
The above steps are performed sequentially by giving the Update All / Calculate
command but also can be performed separately by first giving the Convert
Network, Write Duflow Files and finally the Run Duflow Model command.
A RAM calculation - If the RAM component is installed - will always be carried
out before the Duflow calculation. The output for flow of a RAM calculation is
always a discharge on the Area points. These additional discharges can be used
as Boundary Conditions in a Duflow calculation. When performing a Duflow
calculation together with a RAM calculation the RAM calculation is performed
first and DMS will automatically use the generated boundary conditions from
RAM for the Duflow calculation.
Tip
If the results of the RAM calculation satisfies, dont forget to

uncheck the option Perform RAM Calculation in the
Calculation Settings RAM tab.
Because the results of the RAM calculation are saved as QAdd Boundary Conditions Schemes for Areas, you dont need
to run RAM every time you want to make a Duflow calculation.
Related topics:
User's guide
Calculation 159
8.2.1 Update All / Calculate

Use this command to update the calculation of the active scenario. DMS will
display the progress of the calculation in the Output window. The status of the
calculation is visible in the Status Bar.
If in the Output window a message refers to a node, section or structure with a
certain number, use the Locate Object function to find the - ID of the - object in
the Network. The referred objects in the Network window will turn red. Use the
Reset Errors command to give the objects their original color back.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculations - Update All
Context menu:

scenario - Calculate
Toolbar:
Keys:
Tip
F5
The calculation can be stopped by giving the Terminate
Calculation command.
Related topics:
Calculation Commands
Output window
Stability Problems
8.2.2 Check All

Use this command to check the network objects for inconsistant input on crosssection schemes, structure position in relation to adjusting floor levels, initial
conditions in relation to floor levels and to network objects.
If any inconsistancy has been detected, the object will color red in the network
window. Use Show Error info to pop-up the messagebox and fix the problem.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculations - Check All
Related topics:
Show Error info
8.2.3 Add to Queue

Use this command to add the active scenario to the queue. DMS will add the
project to the queue and switch the status to waiting.
160 Calculation
User's guide
Command:
Menu bar:
Tip
Scenario - Add to Queue

The queue can be calculated by processing the queue, see
Process Queue.
Related topics:
Process Queue
Remove from Queue
Reset Queue
Change state
8.2.4 Process Queue

Use this command to calculate all scenarios in the queue. Add scenarios to queue
with Add to queue. If you use Update all / Calculate, the active scenario is added
to the queue and calculated. DMS will display the progress of the calculation in
the Output window and the Queue Window
The icon before the processed scenario changes during progress of calculation.
The progress of the calculation is also visible in the Status Bar.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculations - Process Queue
Context menu:
In the Queue window after the selection of a scenario if the

status of at least one calculation is set to waiting - Start
Queue
Toolbar:
Keys:
Tip
F12
The calculation can be stopped by giving the Terminate
Calculation command.
Related topics:
Update All / Calculate
Add to Queue
Remove from Queue
Reset Queue
Change state
Stability Problems
8.2.5 Change State

Use this command to change the state of a scenario in the Queue Window. If the
current state is OK or Error, this will switch the state to Waiting. If the
state is state is Waiting, this will switch the state to Canceled.
User's guide
Calculation 161
Command:
Context menu:
In the Queue window after the selection of a scenario Change State to Wait / Canceled
Related topics:
Add to Queue
Remove from Queue
Reset Queue
8.2.6 Remove from Queue

Use this command to remove the active scenario to the queue. DMS will add the
project to the queue and switch the status to waiting.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculations - Remove from Queue
Context menu:
In the Queue window after the selection of a scenario Remove from Queue
Related topics:
Add to Queue
Reset Queue
8.2.7 Reset Queue

Use this command to remove all scenarios from the queue.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculations - Reset Queue
Context menu:
In the Queue window after the selection of a scenario - Reset

Queue
Related topics:
Remove from Queue
Change state
8.2.8 Convert Network

Use this command to convert the DMS Network into a network that can be
written to the Duflow files.
By using this command DMS will show the calculation points in the Network
window. Use the Cleanup Network command, to remove the calculation points
from the network.
Command:
Menu bar:
162 Calculation
Calculation - Convert Network
User's guide
Keys:
F6
Related topics:
Write Duflow files
Cleanup Network
8.2.9 Write Duflow files

Use this command to write Duflow files without running the model. DMS will
show the progress of the writing in the Output window.
The executable CDuflow.exe can read Duflow files. CDuflow.exe performs the
Duflow calculation. The Duflow-files are stored in the scenario directory.
The following Duflow file-types can be distinguished:
File type
Extension
Description
Boundary Conditions Quality File
*.BNK
In this file all boundary conditions related

to the quality are stored.
Initial Conditions Flow File
*.BEG

the flow are stored.
Initial Conditions Quality File
*.BEK

the quality are stored.
Control Settings File
*.CTR
File that contains the input data entered in

Control data.
External Variables File
*.EXT
In this file all external variables of the

quality model are stored.
Network File
*.NET
The nodes are connected through a

network. The Network File contains the
network, and its geographical dispersion.
Parameters File
*.PRM
In this file all parameters of the quality

model are stored.
SUF ID File
*.SID
This file contains the co-ordinates of the

Network objects and the relation between
the Objects ID and internal Duflow ID.
For more detail information about the Duflow files is described in Duflow
Reference Manual. The format of the Duflow files - version 2.05 or version 3.0
can be defined in the Scenario Properties dialog box on the Duflow tab.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculation - Write Duflow Files
Related topics:
Convert Network
Run Duflow Model
User's guide
Calculation 163
8.2.10 Calculation Progress

Use this command to view calculation results (water level) during calculation.
Select the object(s) in the network window to display calculation results.
Command:
Menu bar:
View - Calculation Process
Toolbar:
Related topics:
8.2.11 Run Duflow Model

Use this command to run the model based on the Duflow files in the scenario
directory. By using this command the changes made in the scenario which are not
written to Duflow files - by using the Update All / Calculate command or the
Write Duflow files command - will not be taken into account.
DMS will display the progress of the calculation in the Status Bar below the
Scenario Manager window.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculation - Run Duflow Model
Keys:
F7
Related topics:
Calculation Functions
Write Duflow files
Output window
Stability Problems
164 Calculation
User's guide
8.2.12 Cleanup Network

Use the Cleanup Network command to remove the Calculation points or to make
changes visible after using the Undo command.
After giving a new Calculate command, Calculation points will be generated
again.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculation Cleanup Network
Context menu:
In the Network window - Cleanup Network
Related topics:
Calculation point
Convert Network
8.2.13 Show Error Info

Use this function to show object specific error information. After calculation all
error information is shown in output window. In the context menu object specific
error information is displayed in error message box. Objects with error messages
are colored.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Network window - Show Error Info
Related topics:
Run Duflow Model
8.2.14 Reset Errors

Use this command to reset the errors in the Network window. DMS will change
the red colored objects, which where displayed red when during calculation
errors occurred regarding to these objects, to their original color.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculation Reset Errors
Related topics:
Run Duflow Model
User's guide
Calculation 165
8.2.15 Terminate Calculation

Use this command to terminate the RAM calculation, the Duflow calculation or
the Duprol compilation.
Command:
Menu bar:
Calculation Terminate Calculation
Related topics:
Run Duflow Model
8.2.16 Remote Calculation

Use this command to run a Duflow model remote from a batch file. This option is
only available when DMS is running. It is not necessary to open the model.
Use these commands in a batch (*.BAT) file or any other code for command line
control.
Command:
RemoteDMS Cload 01[File *.dms]
Load project in DMS
RemoteDMS Crun D[project] S[scenario]
Run scenario in the project
RemoteDMS Csave D[project] S[scenario]
Save the project
RemoteDMS Cclose D[project]
Close the project
Example script for demo -model with two scenario's:

RemoteDMS -Cload -o1c:\projects\Demo_org\demo.dms
RemoteDMS -Crun -Ddemo -SScenario
RemoteDMS -Crun -Ddemo -SScenBound
RemoteDMS -Csave -Ddemo
RemoteDMS -Cclose Ddemo
Related topics
Update all
8.3 Stability problems

During a calculation the solving of the numerical scheme can become unstable.
In case of a Flow calculation DMS will display error messages 3017, 3019 or 3051.
Perhaps DMS will display a message about a mathematical error at the beginning
of the calculation.
In case of an unstable water quality calculation the calculated concentrations can
become negative or a time related graph of a concentration looks like a saw.
166 Calculation
User's guide
8.3.1 Flow Calculation

If the water quantity computation is unstable, try to find where the computation
becomes unstable.
There are several ways to make a computation more stable, some of them are:
If the problem occurs at the beginning of the simulation, this can be caused by an
error in the initial conditions. In this case fill out as much real values as possible
and avoid big steps in the network.
If the location is found, verify then if dry flood is the case. Duflow can cope with
tide sections. (See the Duflow Reference Manual for the functioning of the dry
flood procedure.) When fluctuations in the water level are too large it is possible
that Duflow computes a negative flow area. This can be prevented by computing
with smaller time steps or by raising the threshold level (Threshold level;
Calculation Settings / Special Control) for tideland.
Check whether the flow is supercritical (Froude > 1). In principle Duflow is not
suitable for such flows. If such situations occur the simulation can be made
stable by lowering the Chezy value at the spot. The flow is no supercritical
(subcritical, Froude <1) if for every part of the network the following formula is
valid;
v2 * B
<1
g* A
where:
v
Mean flow velocity (averaged over the cross sectional area) [m/s]
= Q/A where
Q
discharge
A cross sectional flow area
Acceleration due to gravity [m/s 2]
Cross sectional flow width [m]
Cross sectional flow area [m2]
Check whether there is an increase in flow area between two calculation points.
So a jump at the spot of a calculation point is of no importance. Big changes in
the flow area can lead to instabilities. See also the Duflow Reference Manual
about the Advection term. In Calculation Settings - General tab the calculation
of the advective term can be ignored or suppressed. The schematization can also
be modified, to force a jump in the flow area, instead of a more gradual change.
In general the user has the following possibilities to increase the stability of the
calculation:
User's guide
1.
Decrease the time step of the calculation - t - (Calculation Settings

- tab General; Time Step Size Flow)
2.
Decrease the calculation length of the sections. Initially the length

of the section is used for the computation with space step size x.
The space step size of a section can be changed by entering a value
for Maximum length (Object Properties - tab Duflow) that is
smaller than the length of the section. At computation time the
section is split up in parts of x that are equal or slightly smaller
than the value of Maximum length.
3.
Increase the value for theta (Calculation Settings tab Duflow).
4.
Decrease the Chezy-value.
Calculation 167
5.
Adjust the threshold value of the dry-out procedure. (Calculation

Settings tab Duflow Special Control)
If finally these efforts result in a stable calculation, it is recommended to overwrite

the initial conditions in the model with the results of the stable computation by
using the New Initial Conditions function. It's obvious not to use the values at
the beginning of the computation period!
Related topics:
Run Duflow Model
Section
Cross Section
8.3.2 Quality Calculation

If the water quality calculation becomes unstable, e.g. the results contains
negative concentrations, roughly two causes can be distinguished:
First, the instability is caused by the part in which the transport of the
substances is calculated.
Secondly, the instability is caused by the water quality process, which is defined
by the user in the quality model.
If the water quality calculation becomes unstable this is most of the time caused
by a too large value of the Peclet number (Pe > 2). If a chart is drawn where the
concentration of a substance is shown against it's position (Space Related
Graph) it results most of the times in a heavily toothed chart, where for each
calculation point alternating a minimum and a maximum is show.
The Peclet value is defined by:
Pe =
v * x
D
where:
Pe
Peclet value [-]
Mean flow velocity (averaged over the cross sectional area)

[m/s]
= Q/A where
Q
discharge
A
cross sectional flow area
Section length (distance between two calculation points) [m]
Dispersion coefficient [m2/s]
The solution to this problem can be found by reducing the section length or
increasing the dispersion.
If the water quality processes are the pressure point, you will have to look at the
quality processes themselves. It is general difficult to give a verdict about this.
The time step must be adjusted to the fastest running process in the quality
model. The time step must be smaller or equal to the time scale on which the
processes take place.
168 Calculation
User's guide
Related topics:
Run Duflow model
Section
Cross Section
External Variables
User's guide
Calculation 169
9. Results
9.1 Presentation of the Results

The results of a calculation can be displayed in four different ways:
As Text in a table as a function of time.
In a Time Related Graph.
In a Space Related Graph.
In the Network window in Presentation Mode
Text and graphs are displayed in windows. These windows appear in the
Workspace. A text or graph window can contain the output of more than one
variable or the output from different scenarios. By opening more than one result
window the results can be interpreted by comparing the different windows.
Results can also be displayed in the Network window. In a Presentation Script is
defined how the results have to be displayed in the Network window. To use the
Presentation Mode a Presentation Script must be selected.
9.2 Text Window

In a text window the data are displayed in a numerical way and can be written to
an external file. Use the New Text window function to open it.
The following functions are available in a Text window:
Save Results
Copy Results
Transpose Table
Change Table contents
Change Font
Related topics:
New Text window
170 Results
User's guide
9.2.1 New Text Window

Use the New Text Window function to display the results of the calculation as
text. DMS will open the Time Related Table dialog box. After the selection of the
data, which should be displayed, DMS will open a New Text window. The Text
window always appears in the Workspace.
Command:
Menu bar:
View - New Text Window
Context menu:

scenario - New Text Window
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Text window
Time Related Graph
9.2.2 Export results

Use the General Tab on the Time Related Table dialog box to customize and
select options to export data from the text window. It is possible to export data to
a text file and display the results in a an application e.g. MS Excel from Microsoft
Office.
Save to
Type a new name to save the results in an text file.

Use the check box to activate this option. E.g.
c:\exportdata.txt.
Open Exp ort File dialog to select an export file.
Run with
Select processing application e.g. MS Excel. Use %b

if file name is not defined:
C:\Program_Files\Microsoft_office\Office\EXCEL.E
XE %b
Do not show in window
Use this option if the output is only necessary in the

application selected in Run with and not in a New
Text window.
Rerun after calculation
Open application selected in Run with after every

model run or update.
Time steps as rows
Puts time steps in rows or columns.
Timefilter
Manually select time steps
Command:
Menu bar:
View - New Text Window - General
Related topics:
Text window
User's guide
Results 171
9.2.3 Timefilter
Use the Timefilter to select time steps to display or export in the Time Related
Table dialog box.
Selection dialog
Select time steps which will be shown.
Select all
Select all time steps
Deselect all
Deselect all selections
Invert
Invert current selection
Reset
Deselects all time steps and start at first time step
Show output
Select 1 out of n items
Select every n items from list
Select the first n items
Select the first n items from list
Select the last n items
Select the last n items from list
Command:
Menu bar:
View - New Text Window - General - TimeFilter...
Related topics:
Text window
Export Results
9.2.4 Save Results

Use the Save Results function to save the results that are displayed in the Text
window. The Results will be stored in an ASCII-file. DMS will open the Save As
dialog box so that you can name your files. The following options allow you to
specify the name and location of the Project File you are about to save.
File Name
Type a new name to save the results.
Save In
Select the drive and directory in which you want to

store the Text -file.
Save as type
Select the type of file you want to open (depending

on the context)
Command:
Context menu:
In the Text window - Save
Related topics:
Text window
9.2.5 Copy Results

Use the Copy Results command to copy the selected results to Clipboard. Use
the Paste command in another application to copy the results to that application.
Command:
172 Results
User's guide
Context menu:
In the Text window - Copy
Related topics:
Text window
9.2.6 Transpose Table

Use the Transpose Table command to transpose the Text table.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Text window - Transpose
Related topics:
Text window
9.2.7 Change Table Contents

Use the Change Table command to reset the display options per source and per
object. After selecting the command, DMS will show the Time Related Table
dialog box. The options in the Time Related Table dialog box are explained in the
Time Related Graph dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit Graphs/Table
Context menu:
In the Text window - Table
Related topics:
Time Related Graph
Text window
9.2.8 Change Font

Use the Change Font function to change the font of the Text window. DMS will
open the Font dialog box so you change the type, size and style of the font.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Text window - Font
Related topics:
Text window
9.3 Graph Windows

Two types of graph can be opened:
User's guide
Time Related Graph
Results 173
Space Related Graph
Both graphs are opened as windows in the Workspace.

There are several functions available to Customize Graph windows.
Related topics:
Time Related Graph
Space Related Graph
9.3.1 Time Related Graph window

Use the New Time Graph Window function to display the results of the
calculation as a function of time. DMS will open the Time Related Graph dialog
box. After the selection of the data, which should be displayed, DMS will open a
New Time Related Graph window. The Time Related Graph window always
appears in the Workspace.
Command:
Menu bar:
View - New Time Graph Window
Context menu:

scenario - New Time Graph Window
To display a time related graph for one section:
structure - Duflow - New Time Graph Window...
To add a time related graph of a section to an already open
time related graph window:
structure - Duflow - Add To Time Graph Window
Toolbar:
It is also possible to alter the graphs contents, colors or properties to the
currently open graph window; see Customizing Graph window.
Dialog box:
The Time Related Graph dialog box makes it possible to define what is displayed
in the graph window. The Time Related Graph dialog box consist of three parts.
The tab General contains the general data i.e. the boundary conditions and
measured data.
174 Results
User's guide
The tabs Duflow and RAM contain the more specific data to display the results
of the calculation.
Choices that can be made are:

General
User's guide
Graph Properties
DMS will open the Graph Properties dialog box. For

more information see the Graph Window Properties
function.
Source
The source of the graph is one of the scenarios, which is

available in the project. If the source is set on project,
measured data can be selected.
Show Precipitation
Shows the precipitation time series in the graph.
Show Evaporation
Shows the evaporation time series in the graph.
Attributes
By making a selection in the Attributes list the available

Data Types will be displayed in Show Data checkboxes.
Results 175
Use Show Data to select of the selected nodes in the

Objects to Display list, the kind of graph to show.
Note that, if the RAM module is installed, always the
attributes Ammonium, Nitrate and Phosphor are
displayed. These attributes are standard quality
variables in RAM.
Objects to display
Select in the combobox, which objects are to be

displayed in the adjoined list. Graphs of the selected
objects are to be displayed in the Graph window. The
Select All button makes it possible to select all objects
in the list. Use the CTRL or SHIFT button to make a
multiple selection in the list.
Show Data of Type
Use Show Data to select, of the selected nodes in the

Nodes to Change list, the kind of graph to show. After
a selection is made a picture representing the data type
is displayed in the row(s) of the selected objects.
Note that only boundary conditions are presented by
making selections on the tab General !
Selection of the data type to be displayed in the graphs
is also possible by clicking with the left mouse button
on the left side of the row(s) of the objects list. The
position in the row corresponds with the order of the
data types list.
Duflow
Source

available in the project. It is possible to display graphs
of more than one scenario in one graph window.
By using the button you can open a Flow Boundary
file (*.BND), Quality Boundary file (*.BNK), Flow
Results file (*.RES) or Quality Results file (*.REK) to
display the these boundaries or results in the same
graph. DMS will open the Measured Data dialog box.
Attributes

Objects to display
Choose the type of objects; Sections, Nodes or

Calculation Points.
If no Sections, Nodes or Calculation Points are
displayed, the calculation is not completed.
Show Data of Type

Selection of the data type to be displayed in the graphs
is also possible by clicking with the left mouse button
on the left side of the row(s) of the objects list. The
176 Results
User's guide
position in the row corresponds with the order of the

data types list.
RAM
Source

Attributes

Objects to display
Choose the type of objects; Areas or checked Areas.

Show Data of Type

Selection of the data type is also possible by clicking
with the left mouse button on the left side of the row(s)
of the objects list. The position in the row corresponds
with the order of the data types list.
Related topics:
New Text Window
Change Graph Contents
Graph Window Properties
Graph windows
9.3.2 Space Related Graph window

Use the New Space Graph Window function to display the results of the
calculation as a function of space. DMS will open the Space Related Graph dialog
box. After the selection of the data, which should be displayed, DMS will open a
New Space Related Graph window. The Space Related Graph window always
appears in the Workspace.
Command:
Menu bar:
View New Space Graph Window
Context menu:

scenario - New Space Graph Window
Toolbar:
Tip
User's guide
To move quickly in time through a Space Related Graph,

place the cursor on a part of the date/time field below the
Graph, then use the Up en Down button on the keyboard to
move forwards or backwards in time. The step size in time
Results 177
depends on the part of the time-field and the Output time

step.
When a New Space Related Graph is opened, the results of the first time step are
presented. In the Space Related Graph window a date-field and arrow-buttons are
available to move through the calculation period in time. These buttons are also
available on the Time Control toolbar.
Use the
button (Start the timer) to display the results in time like a movie.
The time step size and the delay between two film shots can be defined with the
button (Configure the timer).
Dialog box:
The Space Related Graph dialog box makes it possible to define what is displayed
in the graph window. In the Space Related Graph only Duflow specific data can
be displayed.
Choices that can be made are:

General
None
No vertical lines are shown on the route of the Space

Graph.
At Section Breaks
DMS shows vertical lines at section breaks on the route

of the Space Graph.
At Points, Nodes and

Structures
DMS shows vertical lines at points, nodes and

structures on the route of the Space Graph.
Duflow
178 Results
Graph Properties
DMS will open the Graph Properties dialog box. For

more information see the Graph Window Properties
function.
Source

User's guide

Attributes

Routes to display
Graphs of the selected routes are to be displayed in the

Graph window. The Select All button makes it
possible to select all routes. Use the CTRL or SHIFT
button to make a multiple selection in the list.
Output routes can be defined using the Define
button. DMS will show the Select Route Scheme dialog
box. Using the Add or Modify button in the Select
Route Scheme dialog box DMS will open the Modify
Route dialog box to add or modify a route.
Show Graphs of Type
Use Show Graphs of Type to select of the selected

routes in the Routes to Select list, the kind of graph to
show. After a selection is made a picture representing
the data type is displayed in the row(s) of the selected
routes.
Selection of the data type is also possible by clicking
with the left mouse button on the left side of the row(s)
with the routes. The position in the row corresponds
with the order of the graph types list.
Related topics:
Graph windows
Time Control toolbar
Change Graph Contents
Modify Route
9.3.3 Modify Route

In the Modify Route dialog box you can define the route to be displayed on the
X-axis in the Space Related graph.
User's guide
Results 179
A route consists of the sections in the 'Sections in current route' list. The
following commands or options are available to modify this list.
Insert before
Inserts the selected section from the 'Available

sections'-list before the highlighted section in the
'Sections in current Route'.
Insert after
Inserts the selected section from the 'Available

sections'-list after the highlighted section in the
'Sections in current Route'.
Delete
Removes the selected section from the 'Sections in

current Route' list.
Up
M oves the selected section one position up in

'Sections in current Route' list.
Down
Moves the selected section one position down in

'Sections in current Route' list.
Reverse
If the checkbox is marked the section will be

presented in the reverse direction on the X-axis of the
Space Graph window.
TIP
By double clicking on a section in the 'Available sections'

list, the selected section will be inserted in the 'Sections of
current route' list after the highlighted section. Using this
trick makes it very easy to build a route.
Related topics:
Space Related Graph
Route Manager
9.3.4 Route Manager

In the Route Manager dialog box you can define the route to be displayed on the
X-axis in the Space Related graph by selecting Start and End Node in the network
window. In the network window right click on a node which is the start node and
select 'Set as start node for Route'. Right click on the end node and select 'Set as
end node for Route'.
180 Results
User's guide
All possible routes between start and end node can be selected and saved as a
existing route.
The following commands or options are available to modify a route.
Start Node
Select Start Node from pull down menu.
End Node
Select End Node from pull down menu.
-- >
Moves possible route to the Modify Routes dialog

where it can be edited and saved.
Add
Define new routes in the Modify Routes dialog.
Modify
Adjust the selected route by adding or removing

sections.
Delete
Removes the selected route from the 'Existing Routes'

list.
Copy
Copy the selected route from in the 'Existing Routes'

list.
TIP
In the network window use the right click on a node to set

as start/end n ode. By clicking on routes in 'Possible routes
found' list, the possible routes are highlighted in the
network window in red colour.
Related topics:
Modify Route
9.3.5 Change Graph Contents

Use this function to reset the display options per source and per object. After
selecting the command DMS will show the Time Related Graph or Space Related
Graph dialog box. The options in the dialog box are explained in the Time Related
Graph or Space Related Graph dialog box.
User's guide
Results 181
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit Graphs/Table
Context menu:
In the Graphs window - Graphs
Related topics:
Time Related Graph
Space Related Graph
9.4 Customizing Graph window

DMS offers the following functions to move through and customize Graph
windows:
Hairline mode
Zooming in and Zooming out
9.4.1 Hairline Mode

Use the Hairline command to show the exact values in the graph where the
hairline is placed. After selecting the command (from the mouse-menu or the
toolbar) the cursor will change into a double arrow. Dragging the cursor displays
a vertical hairline in your graph. These values of the Y-axis where the hairline
crosses the graphs are displayed in the legend.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Graph window - Hairline mode
Toolbar:
9.4.2 Zooming Tool (Graph window)

Use the Zooming Tool to show parts of the graph in more detail. After selecting
the command (from the menu or the toolbar) the cursor will change into a
magnifying glass. Dragging the cursor displays a rectangle on your screen. This
rectangle represents the area that will be magnified (the rectangle will be blown
up until it fills the graph window).
Command:
Context menu:
In the Graph window - Zoom mode
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Zooming out
182 Results
User's guide
9.4.3 Zooming out (Graph window)

Zooming is usually done in stages, more and more detail of the graph is
displayed. Zooming out lets you retrace these stages. Zoom out works
independent from the zooming tool (the zooming tool does not have to be
selected to zoom out).
To zoom out to the unzoomed state in the Graph window, use in the Zooming
Tool command.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Graph window - Zoom out
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Zooming tool
9.4.4 Graph Window Properties

Use the Window Properties function to edit the properties of the Graph window.
DMS will open the Graph Properties dialog box.
The Graph Window Properties dialog box offers the following options:
X-Axis
If this option is chosen the default range of the X-axis

can be changed.
Y-Axis
If this option is chosen the default range of the Y-axis

(left or right) can be changed.
(left or right)
Use this option in a Space Graph window to fix the

range of the Y-axis during all time steps.
Domains
To change the unit of the Y-axis select a domain from

the list and choose the adjoined Y-axis.
Colors
DMS will open the Colors Graph window dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit Window Properties
Context menu:
In the Graph window - Properties
Toolbar:
Related topics:
Colors Graph window
9.4.5 Colors Graph window

Use the Colors function to change the colors in the graph window. DMS will
show the Colors Graph Window dialog box.
Command:
User's guide
Menu bar:
Edit - Colors
Context menu:
In the Graphs window - Colors
Results 183
Dialog box:
The color of the lines in the graph window can be customized, using the Colors
Graph Window dialog box.
The possible options are:

Graphs
A color can be selected for each line in the graph. The lines
are listed in the graphs list box.
To select a color click a colorbox that lies on the same line
as the line number. An example for the chosen line is
shown in the Example groupbox..
Background
Select the background color for the graph dialog box.
Example
Shows the selected line color for the active line in the
Graphs listbox.
Related topics:
9.5 Network Window in Presentation Mode

For some years Duflow is able to show the results of computations in tables and
graphs. The introduction of Duflow for Windows and it's ability to visual edit the
network have made it possible to show the computation results in the network
window. The network's presentation depends on the calculation results for a
given point in time.
The Presentation mode supports the DMS user by making decisions in water
management. Because of the amount of possibilities the decision has been made
to make the Presentation mode programmable. When a network is presented in
Presentation mode, before any element is drawn a script will be executed. The
results of this script determine the presentation of the network. If no script is
defined the network is shown in its usual appearance.
184 Results
User's guide
The script to be executed differs per object type. If for example you do not want
to show the cross sections in presentation mode, you include the "hide"
command in the script.
9.5.1 Presentation Mode

Use this function to select a Presentation Script for the network window. With a
Presentation Script one can define the attributes of the Network objects - such as
color and style - as a function of the output-values. If a Presentation Script is not
directly chosen, DMS will open the Select Presentation Script Scheme dialog box.
After the selection of a Presentation Script, DMS will redraw the Network window
according to the presentation script with the results of the first time step. In the
Network window a date-field and arrow-buttons are available to move through
the calculation period in time. These buttons are also available on the Time
Control toolbar.
Use the
button (Start the timer) to display the results in time like a movie.
The time step size and the delay between two film shots can be defined with the
button (Configure the timer).
Use this function after a calculation is made.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit - Presentation Mode
Context menu:
In the Network window - Presentation mode
Toolbar
or
If no Presentation scripts are available for selection, make sure that the right
directory for Presentation scripts is set. This can be done by using the Program
Settings function.
Related topics:
User's guide
Results 185
Program Settings
Time Control toolbar
9.5.2 Presentation Script

Use this function to modify the Presentation Scripts. DMS will open the Select
Presentation Script Scheme dialog box. If no Presentation scripts are available for
selection, make sure that the right directory for Presentation scripts is set. This
can be done by using the Program Settings function.
After the selection of a Presentation Script scheme you can add, modify, delete or
copy a Presentation Script in the Presentation Script dialog box.
Command:
Menu bar:
Edit Presentation Scripts
Context menu:
In the Workspace Manager window after the selection of a

script - Modify
Toolbar:
To modify a Presentation Script is also possible to open a Presentation Script
window in the Workspace with the contents of the Presentation Script.
Command:
Context menu:
In the Workspace Manager window after the selection of a

script - Edit
Double click:
In the Workspace Manager window on a script
Toolbar:
Dialog box / window:

In the Presentation Script dialog box or window you can specify the presentation
script by the following properties:
Name
Name of the presentation script.
Object Type
Listbox presenting all types of Network objects.

After the selection of an object type a presentation
script for that type of object can be written. The
available attributes of the selected type of object
can be presented with the Attributes button.
Script
Text window to edit the script for the selected

object. Use the Syntax Check button to check the
syntax of the script. The syntax is described in the
Related topics:
Creating Presentation Scripts
Presentation Script Examples
Program Settings
186 Results
User's guide
9.5.3 Creating Presentation Scripts

A Presentation Scripts is created by giving values to the attributes of Network
objects. A value can be a color. In that way colors can represent a certain values
or ranges of an output variable. Also functions and expressions can be used to
define the values. A special part of a Presentation Script is the definition of the
Legend.
In this paragraph the following is described:
Attributes of the Network objects.
Attributes of the Legend
Attributes of the Presentation
Values for colors
Functions and Expressions, which can be used to assign values to

the attributes of the Network objects
Related topics:
Presentation Script Examples
9.5.3.1 Attributes of Network objects

All variables of function prefixed with d_ are only available when the Duflow
component is available.
All objects
The following attributes are available for all objects:
Attribute
Description
Id
ID of the object, e.g. NOD00001
Name
Name of the object, e.g. Rhine
Color
Color of the object.
Label
The label of the object.: e.g.

label=id
label='reference node'
label=d_level(t) - for object of type section only
Hide
Hides the object
Precision
Number of digits presented in labels
Shapecolor
Color of the shape. If LegendColor is used, the

autocolor of legend are defined.
ShapeLegendColor
Colors object according to Legend Colors.
Shapefield
Returns string of attribute. Command float is necessary

to make a value, e.g.
float(shapefield('OWC550101'))
User's guide
ConnectToNeighbours
Evaluates neighbouring shapes if set to "1". Default

value is "0".
NeighbourIterations
Number of iterations a shape can have on neighbouring

shapes. It only works if ConnectToNeighbours is set to
"1". If set to "-1" the iteration proceeds until all shapes
Results 187
are evaluated.
CurrentShapeIteration
The current iteration counted from the shape which is

directly connected to Duflow object. "0" is directly
connected shape, "1" after first iteration, etc.
Sections
The following attributes are available:
Attribute
Description
Colorwidth
Width that DMS uses to calculate the radiant of colors.
Legendcolor
If called DMS will base it's legend on the variable given

for d_color
d_color
The color of the section
d_concentration
The concentration of a quality variable at a certain point

in time
d_discharge
The discharge at a certain point in time
d_floorheight
The floor level as given in the cross section, at a certain

point in time
d_flowwidth
The flowwidth at a certain point in time for d_level(t)
d_level
The level at a certain point in time
d_load
The load of a quality variable at a certain point in time
d_maxwidth
The maximum width at a certain point in time for

d_level(t)
d_text
A label at the beginning of the section
d_velocity
The velocity at a certain point in time
d_waterdepth
The waterdepth at a certain point in time. This is

calculated by:
d_waterdepth(t) = d_level(t) - d_floorheight
d_width
The width of the section in pixels
d_maxlevel
The maximum level in time for entire network
d_minlevel
The minimum level in time for entire network
d_maxdischarge
The maximum discharge in time for entire network
d_mindischarge
The minimum discharge in time for entire network
d_maxvelocity
The maximum velocity in time for entire network
d_minvelocity
The minimum velocity in time for entire network
d_maxconcentration
The maximum concentration in time for entire network
d_minconcentration
The minimum concentration in time for entire network
d_maxload
The maximum load in time for entire network
d_minload
The minimum load in time for entire network
Nodes, Schematization points and Calculation points

Attribute
188 Results
Description
User's guide
d_id
The ID used by the Duflow calculation engine.
Structures
Attribute
Description
d_concentration_begin

in time at the begin of the structure.
d_concentration_end

in time at the end of the structure.
d_discharge_begin
The discharge at a certain point in time at the begin of

the structure.
d_discharge_end
The discharge at a certain point in time at the end of the

structure.
d_level_begin
The level at a certain point in time at the begin of the

structure.
d_level _end
The level variable at a certain point in time at the end of

the structure.
d_load_begin

at the begin of the structure.
d_load _end

at the end of the structure.
d_id
The id used by the Duflow calculation engine.
9.5.3.2 Attributes of the Legend

Attribute
Description
Autocolor
DMS uses the minimum and maximum values of the first

variable set for script type section to calculate the values
for d_color. De colors generated are light blue, light green,
yellow, light red and light magenta
Do not use simultaneously with the legend attribute.
Autovalue
DMS scales the values set with the legend attribute to the
min and max values of the variable set for d_color.
Hide
Hides the legend
Legend
Legend(value, color)
Function to set a color in the legend.
Examples:
Legend(0,lred)
Legend(0,rgb(255,0,0))
Do not use simultaneously with the autocolor attribute.
User's guide
Precision
Number of decimals displayed in legend.
Roundoff
Idem as autocolor. The values for the colors are scaled to

the minimum and maximum values of the first variable set
for script type section.
Results 189
Smooth
DMS will try to draw a smooth legend by rendering

colors for missing values
Title
The title shown above the colors of the legend.
In addition to these attributes for the Legend, a attribute LegendColor is available

for the Section object script. If this function is called DMS will link its legend to
the first variable it encounters in the section script. See the special examples in
the example section.
9.5.3.3 Attributes of the Presentation

Attribute
Description
Redraw
Call this function if you want Duflow to redraw the

entire network for every time step. This can be useful
for scripts that change the width of a section.
Connect presentation script to layer, e.g.
connecttolayer='rivers'
Default color of all shapes. Color is overruled if
ShapeColor is used.
ConnectToLayer
DefaultColorShap
9.5.3.4 Colors
Colors are referenced in the scripts by using RGB values. A number of colors is
predefined:
Color
Definition
Black
RGB(0,0,0)
Blue
RGB(0,0,128)
Brown
RGB(128,128,0)
Cyan
RGB(0,128,128)
Gray
RGB(128,128,0)
Green
RGB(0,128,0)
Lblue
RGB(0,0,255)
Lcyan
RGB(0,255,255)
Lgray
RGB(192,192,192)
Lgreen
RGB(0,255,0)
Lmagenta
RGB(255,0,255)
Lred
RGB(255,0,0)
Magenta
RGB(128,0,128)
Red
RGB(128,0,0)
White
RGB(255,255,255)
Yellow
RGB(255,255,0)
9.5.3.5 Functions and Expressions
190 Results
Function
Description
Example
abs
The abs-function calculates

the absolute value.
label=abs(d_level(t))
User's guide
the absolute value.

and
The logical and operation.
or
The logical or operation.
if ((d_level(t)>1) and (d_level(t)<2))

then
....
if ((d_level(t)<1) or (d_level(t)>2)) then
The if-statement allows you

to change the flow of control.
Syntax:
if (condition) then
{statement} n
else
{statement} n
endif
if
if (d_level(t)>1) then
color=red
else
color=blue
endif
9.5.4 Presentation Script Examples

The following examples will clarify the use of the Presentation Mode. All the
examples assume the Duflow component is available.
9.5.4.1 Complete Examples

example 1
If we take the DMS demo project and would like to show the water level of the
river. We have to take the following steps:
User's guide
1.
Choose Edit - Presentation Scripts

In the dialog Select Presentation Script Scheme click on the Add
button.
Name it "demoLevel"
Select in the Object Types listbox sections and type in the following
script:
d_width=10
d_color=d_level(t)
legendcolor
d_width means the width of a section is always 10 pixels. d_color
means the color is dependent on the water level.
The variable t in d_level indicates time. This means that the color is
dependent on the water level at a certain point in time. Besides t
(time) in some cases a quality variable can be included as a
parameter; for instance d_concentration(t, 'salt').
Select in the Object Types listbox legend and type in the following
script:
autocolor
smooth
Autocolor means the legend will use a standard color palette.
Smooth indicates the legend will try to draw a smooth legend by
rendering colors for missing values.
2.
Choose OK and OK
3.
Open the Network window and ensure that the corresponding Flow
model is calculated correctly.
Results 191
4.
Choose Edit - Presentation Mode
5.
Select the script "demoLevel"

Duflow will now redraw the Network in Presentation Mode. At the
bottom of the Network window a number of buttons appear
together with a time indicator. With these buttons we can show the
status of the network at another point in time.
6.
Duflow determines the range of the variables used in the script

based on the results in the resultfile. With this range a color legend
and which color corresponds to which value is determined.
example 2
For this example we use a network with a number of pumps. If the water level
reaches a certain level the pump switches on and causes a discharge. The funny
thing is that we can use relatively simple script to test whether Duflow is working
properly. Suppose we want a pump to start at a water level of 10. We can
visualize this by using the following script for pumping engines:
if (d_discharge_begin(t) > 0) then
label=on
else
label=off
endif
if (d_level_begin(t) > 10) then
color=lred
else
color=lblue
endif
Now when we turn the presentation mode timer on and the color of the pump
turns red, the accompanying text changes from off to on.
Duflow determines the colors of the legend based on the first variable it
encounters in "section" -script. This means the result is influenced by the order
of the commands in the script. For instance if you want to make the width of the
section dependent on the floor height and the water level dependent on the color,
then the next script will meet your expectations.
right:
d_color=d_level(t)
d_width=d_floorheight(t)
When you change the order of the commands the output is not what you
expected. Duflow determines the legend based on the floor height and the colors
in the presentation mode are presented wrongly; so
wrong: d_width=d_floorheight(t)
d_color=d_level(t)
9.5.4.2 Legend Examples

For the first set of 5 examples the script for type object Section is always
d_width=10
d_color=d_level(t)
legendcolor
192 Results
User's guide
and the minimum level is 6 metres and the maximum level is 7.11 metres. The
space-oriented graph of time step 1 is:
The weir causes the jump in the graph.
Example 1
Autocolor
Example 2
Autocolor
Smooth
Example 3
Autocolor
Smooth
Roundoff
User's guide
Results 193
Example 4
Smooth
Roundoff
legend(0, yellow)
legend(1, magenta)
Example 5
Smooth
Roundoff
legend(0, yellow)
legend(1, magenta)
autovalue
If we are interested in special values we have to do a little more programming.

Say the values in the range [6.65, 6.75] are of particular interest. We could then
use the following script:
Example 6A
[section]
d_width=10
d_color=lgray
if (d_level(t) >= 6.65) then
d_color=lred
endif
if (d_level(t) > 6.75) then
d_color=yellow
endif
Example 6B
But showing the right legend becomes a
problem
[legend]
legend(6, lgray)
legend(6.65, lgray)
legend(6.75, lred)
legend(7.11, yellow)
smooth
Example 6C
in the case of an discrete legend
[legend]
legend(6, lgray)
legend(6.65, lgray)
legend(6.75, lred)
legend(7.11, yellow)
The strange colors are caused because DMS
tries to
194 Results
User's guide
Example 6D
Much simpler is letting the legend do the
work:
[section]
d_width=10
d_color=d_level(t)
LegendColor
Example 7
Now we want to make visible when the level
at the beginning of the weir reaches a certain
level:
[weirs]
color=white
if (d_level_begin(t)>=6.725)
then
color = lred
endif
and
9.5.4.3 Sample Scripts

Duflow IDs
The purpose of this script is to show the Duflow IDs as used by the calculation
engine. These numbers can also be found in the *.NET, *.BND, *.RES and alike
files.
Object type
Script
Sections
d_width=1
Nodes
label=d_id
Cross Sections
hide
Calculation points
label=d_id
color=gray
Schematization points
label=d_id
color=brown
Discharge points
Culverts
label=d_id
color=green
User's guide
Results 195
Pumping engines
label=d_id
Siphons
label=d_id
color=brown
Structure extended
label=d_id
color=cyan
Weirs
label=d_id
color=red
Areas
Presentation
Legend
The effects of the Duflow_ids script
Level
The purpose of this script is to represent the level.
Object type
Script
Sections
d_width=20
d_color=d_level(t)
legendcolor
Nodes
Cross Sections
Hide
Calculation points
Hide
Hide
Discharge points
Culverts
Pumping engines
Siphons
Structure extended
Weirs
Areas
Hide
Presentation
Legend
196 Results
autocolor
User's guide
smooth
The effects of the level script
Maximum Width
In this script the width of the sections depends on the maximum width of the
section. DMS uses both the cross section and level(t) to calculate the actual
width.
Object type
Script
Sections
d_color=d_discharge(t)
d_width=d_maxwidth(t)
LegendColor
Nodes
Cross Sections
Hide
Calculation points
Hide
Hide
Discharge points
Culverts
Pumping engines
Siphons
Structure extended
Weirs
Areas
Hide
Presentation
redraw
Legend
Title='_width=maxWidth, _color=discharge'
smooth
autovalue
legend(0, lGray)
legend(1, magenta)
roundoff
User's guide
Results 197
The effects of the MaxWidth script

N.B. A modified demo project was used for these results.
9.6 Mass Balance

After every calculation Duflow writes the results for the mass balance to file
scenario.bal in the scenario directory. For each time step the results for water
qunatity and quality are saved for each in- or outgoing boundary or node. This
command shows the results from this file in DMS.
Command:
Context menu:
198 Results
Scenario - Mass Balance
User's guide
10. Glossary of Terms
Area
Schematization-point in which the drainage from the area - due to precipitation - is
taken into account for the surface water
Boundary Conditions
Values for Flow and Quality variables defined by the user at the physical
boundaries of the network and on hydraulic structures required starting a Duflow
computation.
Calculation point
Duflow generates calculation points when the length of a section exceeds the
defined maximum length. Calculation points divide a DMS section in Duflow
sections equal or smaller then this maximum length.
Cross Section
Cross Sections contain cross sectional data such as cross sectional profiles and
resistance coefficients. Cross Sections must be defined on a section.
Culvert
A pipe-construction with a rectangular or circular cross section which connects
two waterways.
Discharge point
Schematization point on which additional discharge into or out of the network is
taken into account.
DMS
Abbreviation for Duflow Modelling Studio which manages the Scenario Manager
and the Network Editor to perform Duflow and RAM calculations. DMS supplies
the water authorities with a complete set of tools, to quickly perform easy
analysis. On the other hand, the product can also perform complex, integral
studies.
Duflow
Program with which one can perform unsteady flow computations in networks of
open water courses and can simulate the transportation of substances in free
surface flow and more complex water quality processes.
User's guide
Glossary of Terms 199
Duflow files
Internal ASCII files, which can be read by the executable CDuflow.exe.
CDuflow.exe performs the Duflow calculation.
DUPROL
Part of the Duflow package which compiles the Quality Model descriptions file
(*.MOD) and generates a Quality Model output file (*.MOB) which can be read
by the Duflow calculation process.
External variables
External variables, which are space and/or time dependent and used in the quality
process equations in the Quality Model description file.
General Structure
Structures that can not be defined as other DMS-structures, for example weirs
with forced underflow.
Initial Conditions
Initial values for Flow and Quality variables defined on sections, schematization
and structure points required starting a Duflow computation.
MoDuflow
Program with which one can simulate an integrated ground water and surface
water problem by combining the ground water model Modflow and Duflow.
Network editor
Graphical editor that enables you to draw interactively the network
schematization. Visually the Network Editor consists of the Network window and
the Palette toolbar.
Node
Point from which one or more sections arise or end.
Object
Part of the network e.g. node, section or structure.
Output node
Points of the network where the results of the calculations are recorded.
Output window
Window containing messages about the progress of DMS-actions.
Parameters
Parameters, constants and coefficients used in the quality process equations in
the Quality Model description file.
Presentation Mode
Mode of the Network window in which the results of a calculation are spatially
visualised.
200 Glossary of Terms
User's guide
Presentation Script
Definition of the presentation of Network objects in the Presentation Mode.
Pump
Pumping station in or near a waterway.
Quality Model description file

File in which the relevant quality processes are described. A Quality Model
description file is an ASCII-file with the extension MOD.
Queue window
Window containing queue with waiting, canceled or calculated scenarios.
RAM
Precipitation runoff module (Dutch: Regen Afvoer Module)
With RAM one can calculate the supply of rainfall to the surface flow. RAM
calculates the losses and delays that occur before the precipitation has reached
the surface flow.
Scenario Manager
Part of DMS which makes it possible to work with several sets of input data
within the same Project. The Scenario may contain the input data itself or it may
refer to input data of another Scenario. Each Scenario registers several sets of
data. Per set of data one may choose to save the data in the own Scenario
directory or receive the data from another Scenario directory.
Extra points on a section used by the DMS calculation and on which output can
be generated. On a schematization point one or more areas and discharge points
may be defined
Section
Connection between two nodes.
Shape file
File in a pre-defined format, which represents a certain geographic theme. Shape
files can be save in a group in a VSF-file. Only Shape-files can be used as a map
layer in DMS.
Siphon
A circular pipe used to carry water over obstacles.
Stekker
Format which is used in Dutch engineering practise by district water board.
Structure point
Extra point on a section. On a structure point one or more structures may be
defined. Every structure has a structure point and is only visible if object is a
'parallel' structure.
User's guide
SUF
Standard Exchange Format (Dutch: Standaard Uitwisselings Formaat); Standard
data model for the schematization of surface water systems.
Tewor
Tewor component checks the effects on water quality due to the discharge of
water coming from a sewer system in combination with several rainfall scenarios.
Time series
A series of values for a time dependent variable or parameter. Time series are
stored in a scheme.
Trigger Condition
The variation of one parameter in one or more structures depending on actual
hydraulic conditions.
Weir
A construction made to control the level on the upstream side with a free water
surface.
User's guide
Index
A
advection, 102; 127; 138
alfak, 123
alpha, 141
area points, 83
auto adjust limits, 97
B
*.MOD, 127
Duprol
compound statements, 132
formula, 132
if-statement, 133
DUPROL, 124
E
bending point, 94
boundary conditions, 73; 82; 105; 106
exit DMS, 47
external variables, 125
extra iteration, 138
calculation
progress, 142; 143
type, 138
update, 142; 143; 144
calculation points, 74; 90
calculation settings, 135
catchment area, 8
Chzy-coefficient. See resistance coefficient
cleanup network, 147
command, 29
component, 6
concentration
scheme, 109
context menu command, 30
co-ordinate
current position, 98
offset, 95
copy, 42
Cross Section, 75
interpolate data, 75
cross sectional flow area, 149
cross sectional flow width, 149
culvert, 84
current position, 98
customize
menu, 44
toolbar, 44
windows, 40; 44
cut, 41
file-types, 53; 70; 145

flow variables, 129
flow width, 78
decouple, 139
discharge points, 82
dispersion, 123; 126; 127; 139; 150
double-clicking command, 30
dry flood procedure, 139; 141
dry-flood procedure, 141
DUFLOW, 6
DUFLOW 2.0x project, 53
Duflow Users day, 11
Duprol, 127
key command, 30
User's guide
G
general structures, 88
geographic background, 69
Graph window
colors, 162
properties, 162
space related, 157
time related, 153
grid, 98
H
hairline, 161
help
context help, 46
help topics, 46
helpdesk, 11
hydraulic radius, 78
I
icon
arrange, 39
initial conditions, 102; 103
installation, 11
intermediate flow file, 141
Internet, 11
L
layers, 69
level
scheme, 107
load
scheme, 109
locate object, 95
Manning, formula of. See resistance coefficient

mean velocity, 148
menu, 30
Calculation menu, 32
context, 30
Edit menu, 31
File menu, 30
Help menu, 33
Options menu, 33
Project menu, 31
Scenario menu, 32
View menu, 31
Window menu, 33
menu bar, 30
menu bar command, 29
mode
hairline, 161
pan, 97; 98
presentation, 164
selection, 92
zoom, 97
modflow, 10
Modflow, 6
Moduflow, 10
MoDuflow, 6
monitoring-file, 75
Palette toolbar, 72. See toolbar

parameter, 129
parameters, 125
paste, 42
position
current, 98
presentation
script, 165
Presentation mode, 40
presentation script, 164
print, 42
print preview, 43
print setup, 43
printer, 43
processes, 129
project
close, 52
import, 52
new, 50
open, 51
properties, 50
recently opened, 54
save, 52
properties
Graph window, 162
layers, 71
Network window, 98
objects, 91
project, 50
scenario, 57
pump, 87
N
network
pan the network, 97; 98
show entire network, 96
Network Editor, 38; 67
Network window, 38
open, 68
properties, 98
node, 72
insert, 95
remove, 95
O
object
data tips, 98; 99
disconnect, 94
locate, 95
point size, 98
properties, 91
remove, 94
select, 92
objects
check, 93
show or hide, 98
offset co-ordinates, 95
operational parameter, 118
output variables, 139
Output window, 41
overflow. See weir
Q
Q-Add
scheme, 108
QH-relation
scheme, 107
Quality model
compile, 124
description file, 139
edit, 124
R
RAM, 6; 8
resistance coefficient, 78
resistance formula, 137
Result window, 38
results, 151
save, 152
Route Manager, 159
run DUFLOW model, 146
runoff, 8
S
scenario
active, 57
User's guide
delete, 61
description, 56
new, 56
properties, 57
Scenario Manager, 40
schematization points, 80
scheme, 61
concentration, 109
level, 107
load, 109
Q-Add, 108
QH-relation, 107
usage, 62
script, 165
section, 67; 73
flip orientation, 94
join, 95
section direction, 129
settings, 45
siphon, 83
software requirements, 11
splitter, 46
standard exchange format, 67
state variables, 129; 131
Status bar, 37
storage width, 78
structure
control, 117
operations, 117
system requirements, 10
T
Tewor, 6
text window, 151
theta, 138
threshold level, 141
time series, 61
constant, 64
equidistant, 65
export, 64
Fourier series, 65
import, 64
non-equidistant, 65
time step
flow, 136
User's guide
output, 136
quality, 136
toolbar, 33; 45
Duflow toolbar, 36
Palette toolbar, 35; 38
Scenario toolbar, 34
Show Objects Toolbar, 37
Standard toolbar, 34
Time Control toolbar, 36
Window toolbar, 36
toolbar command, 30
trigger conditions, 106; 110; 118
trigger series, 118
U
underflow, 88
undo, 41
user interface, 29
V
version number, 47
W
weir, 86
wind
conversion factor, 75
direction, 111
velocity, 111
wind direction, 129
wind velocity, 129
window
activate, 40
arrange, 39
customize, 40
tile, 39
Workspace, 38
Workspace Manager, 40
write DUFLOW files, 145
Z
zoom, 97; 161
in, 97; 161
out, 97; 161

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Duflow Modelling Studio

Version 3.8 Februari 2006

1.1 Duflow Modelling Studio........................................................................................................... 6

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 13

3.1 User Interface Components ..................................................................................................... 31

3.3.2 Standard Toolbar.................................................................................................... 36

4. Project and Scenario Manager

4.1 Project versus Scenario ............................................................................................................ 53

4.4 Usage of Schemes and Time Series ........................................................................................ 66

5.1 Usage of the Network Editor................................................................................................... 73

5.4.11 Editable ................................................................................................................ 110

6.1 Building a Flow model............................................................................................................ 113

7.1 Building a Quality model........................................................................................................ 133

8.1 Calculation Preparation .......................................................................................................... 151

8.2.3 Add to Queue ....................................................................................................... 160

9.1 Presentation of the Results.................................................................................................... 170

10. Glossary of Terms

1.1 Duflow Modelling Studio

Duflow water quantity and quality

RAM precipitation runoff module

The possibility of entering component specific data depends on the installed

1.1.1 Network Editor

In the standard exchange format, a schematization is built up of nodes, sections

Nodes are points at which one or more sections arise or end.

A section connects two nodes.

Objects that can be defined on sections are: structures, area points,

1.1.2 Scenario Manager

1.1.3 Presentation of the Results

Boundary conditions can be plotted in the same graph as the

Output facility to tables, makes it possible to import the results into

Local values can be read by a so-called hairline. Selecting a point on

Results of the Duflow calculation can be spatially visualised in the

1.1.4 DMS compared to Duflow 2.0x

Network editor. The network schematization in DMS is based on the Standard

1.2 Other Modules

Open water surface

Paved surface, divided in Sewer, Greenhouses and Other paved

A division into types of surface is made in view of the differences in precipitation

Infiltration into the soil moisture (unsaturated zone)

the infiltration capacity, the remaining part of the precipitation will

Percolation into the ground water (saturated zone)

Ground water discharge into the drainage system

The runoff of precipitation may consist of a slow and a quick

1.3 Hardware and Software Requirements

minimal 486, suggested is a Pentium

minimal 16 Mb internal memory, a minimum of 24 Mb is

minimal 50Mb external memory

Software requirements for running the Duflow Modelling Studio are:

Windows95, Windows98 or WindowsNT (4.00 or higher)

1.6 DUFLOW Helpdesk

2.2 Define a Project

By choosing the option Description of the Scenario menu, an extended

2.3 Building the Network

If an icon is not visible in one of the toolbars, choose Customize in

The Network can be build on a geographical background by first checking the

= Save the active project

It is also possible to add Schematization-points to the network. Results of the

By adding a Discharge point at Schematization points you can define a time

2.4 Flow Model

2.4.1 Initial Conditions