Sym Group Crystal Structure Atomic Number Atomic Weight

Name
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Sym
H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Atomic
Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Group
Non-Metal
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkali Earth Metal
Non-Metal
Non-Metal
Non-Metal
Non-Metal
Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Cubic: Body centered
Hexagonal
Rhombohedral
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Cubic
Cubic
Cubic: Face centered
Atomic
Weight
1.00794
4.002602
6.941
9.012182
10.811
12.011
14.00674
15.9994
18.9984032
20.1797
22.989768
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Alkali Earth Metal

Metal
Non-Metal
Non-Metal
Non-Metal
Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkali Earth Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Non-Metal
Non-Metal
Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkali Earth Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Hexagonal
Monoclinic
Orthorhombic
Orthorhombic
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Orthorhombic
Rhombohedral
Hexagonal
Orthorhombic
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
24.305
26.981539
28.0855
30.973762
32.066
35.4527
39.948
39.0983
40.078
44.95591
47.88
50.9415
51.9961
54.93805
55.847
58.9332
58.6934
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.92159
78.96
79.904
83.8
85.4678
87.62
88.90585
91.224
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Cesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Non-Metal
Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkali Earth Metal
Transition Metal
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal
Metal

Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Tetragonal
Tetragonal
Rhombohedral
Hexagonal
Orthorhombic
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Rhombohedral
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Rhombohedral
Hexagonal
Rhombohedral
92.90638
95.94
-97.9072
101.07
102.9055
106.42
107.8682
112.411
114.818
118.71
121.757
127.6
126.90447
131.29
132.90543
137.327
138.9055
140.115
140.90765
144.24
-144.9127
150.36
151.965
157.25
158.92534
162.5
164.93032
167.26
168.93421
173.04
174.967
178.49
180.9479
183.84
186.207
190.23
192.22
195.08
196.96654
200.59
204.3833
207.2
208.98037
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Hahnium
Seaborgium
Nielsbohrium
Hessium
Mietnerium
Unnunnilium
Unnununium
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
Rf
Ha
Sg
Ns
Hs
Mt
Unn
Unu
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
Metal
Halogen
Noble Gas
Alkali Metal
Alkali Earth Metal
Transition Metal
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Rare Earth
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Monoclinic
Unknown
Orthorhombic
Orthorhombic
Orthorhombic
Monoclinic
Hexagonal
Hexagonal
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
-208.9824
-209.9871
-222.0176
-223.0197
-226.0254
-227.0278
232.0381
231.03588
238.0289
-237.0482
-244.0642
-243.0614
-247.0703
-247.0703
-251.0796
-252.083
-257.0951
-258.0984
-259.1011
-262.1098
-261.1089
-262.1144
-263.1186
-262.1231
-265.1306
-266.1378
-268
-269
Shells
1
2
2,1
2,2
2,3
2,4
2,5
2,6
2,7
2,8
2,8,1
2,8,2
2,8,3
2,8,4
2,8,5
2,8,6
2,8,7
2,8,8
2,8,8,1
2,8,8,2
2,8,9,2
2,8,10,2
2,8,11,2
2,8,13,1
2,8,13,2
2,8,14,2
2,8,15,2
2,8,16,2
2,8,18,1
2,8,18,2
2,8,18,3
2,8,18,4
2,8,18,5
2,8,18,6
2,8,18,7
2,8,18,8
2,8,18,8,1
2,8,18,8,2
2,8,18,9,2
2,8,18,10,2
Orbitals
1s1
1s2
[He]
[He]
[He]
[He]
[He]
[He]
[He]
[He]
[Ne]
2s1
2s2
2s2
2s2
2s2
2s2
2s2
2s2
3s1
2p1
2p2
2p3
2p4
2p5
2p6
[Ne] 3s2
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
[Ne] 3s2 3p4
[Ne] 3s2 3p5
[Ne] 3s2 3p6
[Ar] 4s1
[Ar] 4s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
[Ar] 3d7 4s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
[Kr] 5s1
[Kr] 5s2
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
4p1
4p2
4p3
4p4
4p5
4p6
Valence
1
0
1
2
3
2,3,4
3,5
2
1
0
1
Melting Point
-255.34C
-272.2C @ 26 atmos.
180.54C
1287C
2079C
3825C (Sublimes)
-209.86C
-218.4C
-219.62C
-248.67C
97.81C
2
3
4
3,5
2,4,6
1,3,5,7
0
1
2
3
2,3,4
2,3,4,5
2,3,6
1,2,3,4,6,7
2,3,4,6
2,3
0,1,2,3
1,2
2
2,3
2,4
-3,0,3,5
-2,4,6
1,3,5,7
0
1,2,3,4
2
3
2,3,4
648.8C
660.37C
1410C
44.1C
115.21C
-100.98C
-189.2C
63.25C
839C
1541C
1668C 10C
1890C 10C
1857C
1244C
1535C
1495C
1453C
1083C
419.58C
29.78C
937.4C
817C @ 28 atmos.
217C
-7.2C
-156.6C
38.89C
769C
1522C 8C
1852C 2C
2,8,18,12,1
2,8,18,13,1
2,8,18,13,2
2,8,18,15,1
2,8,18,16,1
2,8,18,18
2,8,18,18,1
2,8,18,18,2
2,8,18,18,3
2,8,18,18,4
2,8,18,18,5
2,8,18,18,6
2,8,18,18,7
2,8,18,18,8
2,8,18,18,8,1
2,8,18,18,8,2
2,8,18,18,9,2
2,8,18,20,8,2
2,8,18,21,8,2
2,8,18,22,8,2
2,8,18,23,8,2
2,8,18,24,8,2
2,8,18,25,8,2
2,8,18,25,9,2
2,8,18,27,8,2
2,8,18,28,8,2
2,8,18,29,8,2
2,8,18,30,8,2
2,8,18,31,8,2
2,8,18,32,8,2
2,8,18,32,9,2
2,8,18,32,10,2
2,8,18,32,11,2
2,8,18,32,12,2
2,8,18,32,13,2
2,8,18,32,14,2
2,8,18,32,15,2
2,8,18,32,17,1
2,8,18,32,18,1
2,8,18,32,18,2
2,8,18,32,18,3
2,8,18,32,18,4
2,8,18,32,18,5
[Kr] 4d4 5s1

2,3,5
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
2,3,6
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
0,2,4,5,6,7
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
2,3,4,5,6
[Kr] 4d10
2,3,4
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
1,2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
1,2,3
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
2,4
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
0,-3,3,5
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
2,4,6
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
1,3,5,7
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
0
[Xe] 6s1
1
[Xe] 6s2
2
[Xe] 5d1 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
3,4
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
2,3
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
2,3
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
3,4
[Xe] 4f10 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f11 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f12 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
2,3
[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
4
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
3,5
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
2,3,4,5,6
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
-1,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
0,3,4,6,8
[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
3
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
2,3,4
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
1,3
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
1,2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 1,3
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 2,4
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 3,5
2468C 10C
2617C
2172C
2334C
1966C 3C
1552C
961.93C
320.9C
156.61C
231.97C
630.74C
449.5C
113.5C
-111.9C
28.4C
725C
918C
798C 3C
931C
1021C
1042 C
1074C
822C
1313C
1356C
1412C
1474C
1529C
1545C
819C
1663C
2227C
2996C
3410C 20C
3180C
3054C
2410C
1772C
1064.43C
-38.87C
303.5C
327.502C
271.3C
2,8,18,32,18,6
2,8,18,32,18,7
2,8,18,32,18,8
2,8,18,32,18,8,1
2,8,18,32,18,8,2
2,8,18,32,18,9,2
2,8,18,32,18,10,2
2,8,18,32,20,9,2
2,8,18,32,21,9,2
2,8,18,32,22,9,2
2,8,18,32,24,8,2
2,8,18,32,25,8,2
2,8,18,32,25,9,2
2,8,18,32,26,9,2
2,8,18,32,28,8,2
2,8,18,32,29,8,2
2,8,18,32,30,8,2
2,8,18,32,31,8,2
2,8,18,32,32,8,2
2,8,18,32,32,9,2
2,8,18,32,32,10,2
2,8,18,32,32,11,2
2,8,18,32,32,12,2
2,8,18,32,32,13,2
2,8,18,32,32,14,2
2,8,18,32,32,15,2
2,8,18,32,32,16,2
2,8,18,32,32,17,2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6
[Rn] 7s1
[Rn] 7s2
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Rn] 5f11 7s2
[Rn] 5f12 7s2
[Rn] 5f13 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d1 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1
-2,0,2,4,6
1,3,5,7
0
1
2
-4
4,5
2,3,4,5,6
3,4,5,6
3,4,5,6
2,3,4,5,6
3,4
3,4
---2,3
-3
---------
254C
302C
-71C
27C
700C
1050C
1750C
1600C
1132C
640C
641C
994C
1340C
----------------
Boiling Point
-252.87C
-268.934C
1342C
2472C
4000C
4827C
-195.8C
-182.962C
-188.14C
-246.048C
882.9C
ElectroNegativity
2.2
0
0.98
1.57
2.04
2.55
3.04
3.44
3.98
0
0.93
Covalent
Radius
0.32
0.93
1.23
0.90
0.82
0.77
0.75
0.73
0.72
0.71
1.54
Ionic Radius
1.54 (+1)
-.76 (+1)
.45 (+2)
.23 (+3)
.16 (+4)
1.71 (-3)
1.40 (-2)
1.33 (-1)
-1.02 (+1)
Atomic
Radius
0.79
0.49
2.05
1.40
1.17
0.91
0.75
0.65
0.57
0.51
2.23
Atomic Volume
14.4 cm/mol
19.5 cm/mol
13.10 cm/mol
05.0 cm/mol
04.6 cm/mol
04.58 cm/mol
17.3 cm/mol
14.0 cm/mol
12.6 cm/mol
17.3 cm/mol
23.7 cm/mol
1090C
2519C
3265C
277C
444.6C
-34.6C
-185.7C
759.9C
1484C
2830C
3287C
3407C
2672C
2061C
2861C
2927C
2913C
2567C
907C
2204C
2830C
Sublimes at 613C
684.9C
58.78C
-152.3C
686C
1384C
3338C
4377C
1.31
1.5
1.8
2.19
2.58
3.16
0
0.82
1
1.36
1.54
1.63
1.66
1.55
1.83
1.88
1.91
1.9
1.65
1.81
2.01
2.18
2.55
2.96
0
0.82
0.95
1.22
1.33
1.36
1.18
1.11
1.06
1.02
0.99
0.98
2.03
1.74
1.44
1.32
1.22
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.17
1.25
1.26
1.22
1.20
1.16
1.14
1.12
2.16
1.91
1.62
1.45
.72 (+2)
.54 (+3)
.26 (+4)
.17 (+5)
.29 (+6)
1.81 (-1)
-1.51 (+1)
1.00 (+2)
.75 (+3)
.61 (+4)
.54 (+5)
.62 (+3)
.67 (+2)
.55 (+3)
.65 (+2)
.69 (+2)
.73 (+2)
.74 (+2)
.62 (+3)
.53 (+4)
.58 (+3)
.50 (+4)
1.96 (-1)
-1.61 (+1)
1.26 (+2)
1.02 (+3)
.84 (+4)
1.72
1.82
1.46
1.23
1.09
0.97
0.88
2.77
2.23
2.09
2.00
1.92
1.85
1.79
1.72
1.67
1.62
1.57
1.53
1.81
1.52
1.33
1.22
1.12
1.03
2.98
2.45
2.27
2.16
13.97 cm/mol
10.0 cm/mol
12.1 cm/mol
17.0 cm/mol
15.5 cm/mol
16.9 cm/mol
23.9 cm/mol
45.46 cm/mol
25.9 cm/mol
15.0 cm/mol
10.64 cm/mol
08.78 cm/mol
07.23 cm/mol
07.39 cm/mol
07.1 cm/mol
06.7 cm/mol
06.59 cm/mol
07.1 cm/mol
09.2 cm/mol
11.8 cm/mol
13.6 cm/mol
13.1 cm/mol
16.45 cm/mol
25.6 cm/mol
38.9 cm/mol
55.9 cm/mol
33.7 cm/mol
19.8 cm/mol
14.1 cm/mol
4742C
4612C
4877C
4150C
3695C
2940C
2162C
765C
2080C
2602C
1587C
989.9C
184.35C @ 35 atmos.
-107.1C
669.3C
1897C
3464C
3433C
3520C
3074C
3000 C (estimated)
1794C
1527C
3273C
3230C
2567C
2700C
2868C
1950C
1196C
3402C
4602C
5425C 100C
5660C
5627C (estimated)
5027C
4130C
3827C
2808C
356.58C
1457C 10C
1740C
1560C 5C
1.6
2.16
1.9
2.2
2.28
2.2
1.93
1.69
1.78
1.96
2.05
2.1
2.66
0
0.79
0.89
1.1
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.13
1.17
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.1
1.27
1.3
1.5
2.36
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.28
2.54
2
2.04
2.33
2.02
1.34
1.30
1.27
1.25
1.25
1.28
1.34
1.48
1.44
1.41
1.40
1.36
1.33
1.31
2.35
1.98
1.69
1.65
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.62
1.85
1.61
1.59
1.59
1.58
1.57
1.56
1.74
1.56
1.44
1.34
1.30
1.28
1.26
1.27
1.30
1.34
1.49
1.48
1.47
1.46
.64 (+5)
.59 (+6)
-.62 (+4)
.67 (+3)
.64 (+2)
1.15 (+1)
.95 (+2)
.80 (+3)
.71 (+4)
.76 (+3)
.97 (+4)
2.20 (-1)
-1.74 (+1)
1.42 (+2)
1.16 (+3)
1.14 (+3)
1.13 (+3)
-1.09 (+3)
1.08 (+3)
1.07 (+3)
1.05 (+3)
1.18 (+3)
1.03 (+3)
-1.00 (+3)
1.09 (+3)
.99 (+3)
.98 (+3)
.83 (+4)
.64 (+5)
.60 (+6)
.53 (+7)
.63 (+4)
.63 (+4)
.63 (+4)
.85 (+3)
1.02 (+2)
1.59 (+1)
1.19 (+2)
1.03 (+3)
2.08
2.01
1.95
1.89
1.83
1.79
1.75
1.71
2.00
1.72
1.53
1.42
1.32
1.24
3.34
2.78
2.74
2.70
2.67
2.64
2.62
2.59
2.56
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.47
2.45
2.42
2.40
2.25
2.16
2.09
2.02
1.97
1.92
1.87
1.83
1.79
1.76
2.08
1.81
1.63
10.87 cm/mol
09.4 cm/mol
08.5 cm/mol
08.3 cm/mol
08.3 cm/mol
08.9 cm/mol
10.3 cm/mol
13.1 cm/mol
15.7 cm/mol
16.3 cm/mol
18.23 cm/mol
20.5 cm/mol
25.74 cm/mol
37.3 cm/mol
71.07 cm/mol
39.24 cm/mol
20.73 cm/mol
20.67 cm/mol
20.8 cm/mol
20.6 cm/mol
22.39 cm/mol
19.95 cm/mol
28.9 cm/mol
19.9 cm/mol
19.2 cm/mol
19.0 cm/mol
18.7 cm/mol
18.4 cm/mol
18.1 cm/mol
24.79 cm/mol
17.78 cm/mol
13.6 cm/mol
10.90 cm/mol
09.53 cm/mol
08.85 cm/mol
08.49 cm/mol
08.54 cm/mol
09.10 cm/mol
10.2 cm/mol
14.82 cm/mol
17.2 cm/mol
18.17 cm/mol
21.3 cm/mol
962C
337C
-61.8C
677C
1140C
3200C (300C)
4000C
-3818C
3902C
3232C
2607C
-----------------
2
2.2
0
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.38
1.36
1.28
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
----------
1.46
1.45
----1.65
-1.42
--------------------
----1.62 (+2)
-1.05 (+4)
-.81 (+6)
--------------------
1.53
1.43
1.34
--------------------------
22.23 cm/mol
-50.5 cm/mol
-45.20 cm/mol
22.54 cm/mol
19.9 cm/mol
15.0 cm/mol
12.59 cm/mol
11.62 cm/mol
12.32 cm/mol
17.86 cm/mol
18.28 cm/mol
----------------
First
Ionization
Potential
13.5984 V
24.5874 V
5.3917 V
9.3226 V
8.2980 V
11.2603 V
14.5341 V
13.6181 V
17.4228 V
21.5645 V
5.1391 V
Second
Ionization
Potential
-54.416 V
76.638 V
18.211 V
25.154 V
24.383 V
29.601 V
35.117 V
34.97 V
40.962 V
47.286 V
7.6462 V
5.9858 V
8.1517 V
10.4867 V
10.3600 V
12.9676 V
15.7596 V
4.3407 V
6.1132 V
6.5614 V
6.8282 V
6.7463 V
6.7666 V
7.4340 V
7.9024 V
7.8810 V
7.6398 V
7.7264 V
9.3941 V
5.9993 V
7.900 V
9.8152 V
9.7524 V
11.8138 V
13.9996 V
4.1771 V
5.6948 V
6.217 V
6.6339 V
15.035 V
18.828 V
16.345 V
19.725 V
23.33 V
23.81 V
27.629 V
31.625 V
11.871 V
12.80 V
13.58 V
14.65 V
16.50 V
15.64 V
16.18 V
17.06 V
18.168 V
20.292 V
17.964 V
20.51 V
15.934 V
18.633 V
21.19 V
21.8 V
24.359 V
27.28 V
11.03 V
12.24 V
13.13 V
Third
Ionization
Potential
Oxydation
States
--122.451 V
153.893 V
37.93 V
47.887 V
47.448 V
54.934 V
62.707 V
63.45 V
71.641 V
Density @ 293 K
1
0.00008988 g/cm
0
0.0001787 g/cm
1
0.53 g/cm
2
1.848 g/cm
3
2.34 g/cm
(4),2
2.62 g/cm
(3),5,4,2,1 0.0012506 g/cm
-2
0.001429 g/cm
-1
0.001696 g/cm
0
0.0008999 g/cm
1
0.971 g/cm
Specific Heat
14.304 J/gK
5.193 J/gK
3.6 J/gK
1.82 J/gK
1.02 J/gK
0.71 J/gK
1.04 J/gK
0.92 J/gK
0.82 J/gK
0.904 J/gK
1.23 J/gK
80.143 V
28.447 V
33.492 V
30.18 V
34.83 V
39.611 V
40.74 V
45.72 V
50.908 V
24.76 V
27.491 V
29.31 V
30.96 V
33.667 V
30.651 V
33.50 V
35.17 V
36.83 V
39.722 V
30.71 V
34.22 V
28.351 V
30.82 V
36.0 V
36.95 V
40.0 V
43.60 V
20.52 V
22.99 V
2
3
2,(4),-4
3,(5),7
2,4,(6)
(1),3,5,7
0
1
2
3
(4),3,2
(5),4,3,2
6,(3),2
7,6,4,(2),3
2,(3)
(2),3
(2),3
(2),1
2
3
(4),2
(3),5
-2,(4),6
(1),5
0
1
2
3
4
1.02 J/gK
0.90 J/gK
0.71 J/gK
0.77 J/gK
0.71 J/gK
0.48 J/gK
0.520 J/gK
0.75 J/gK
0.63 J/gK
0.6 J/gK
0.52 J/gK
0.49 J/gK
0.45 J/gK
0.48 J/gK
0.44 J/gK
0.42 J/gK
0.44 J/gK
0.38 J/gK
0.39 J/gK
0.37 J/gK
0.32 J/gK
0.33 J/gK
0.32 J/gK
0.473 J/gK
0.248 J/gK
0.363 J/gK
0.30 J/gK
0.30 J/gK
0.27 J/gK
1.738 g/cm
2.702 g/cm
2.33 g/cm
1.82 g/cm
2.07 g/cm
0.003214 g/cm
0.0017824 g/cm
0.862 g/cm
1.55 g/cm
3.0 g/cm
4.50 g/cm
5.8 g/cm
7.19 g/cm
7.43 g/cm
7.86 g/cm
8.90 g/cm
8.90 g/cm
8.96 g/cm
7.14 g/cm
5.907 g/cm
5.323 g/cm
5.72 g/cm
4.79 g/cm
3.119 g/cm
0.003708 g/cm
1.53 g/cm
2.6 g/cm
4.47 g/cm
6.4 g/cm
6.7589 V
7.0924 V
7.28 V
7.3605 V
7.4589 V
8.3369 V
7.5762 V
8.9937 V
5.7864 V
7.3438 V
8.64 V
9.0096 V
10.4513 V
12.1299 V
3.8939 V
5.2117 V
5.5770 V
5.5387 V
5.464 V
5.5250 V
5.55 V
5.6437 V
5.6704 V
6.1500 V
5.8639 V
5.9389 V
6.0216 V
6.1078 V
6.1843 V
6.2542 V
5.4259 V
6.8251 V
7.89 V
7.98 V
7.88 V
8.7 V
9.1 V
9.0 V
9.2257 V
10.4375 V
6.1083 V
7.4167 V
7.289 V
14.32 V
16.461 V
15.26 V
16.76 V
18.08 V
19.63 V
21.49 V
16.908 V
18.869 V
14.632 V
16.53 V
18.60 V
19.131 V
21.21 V
25.10 V
10.004 V
11.059 V
10.851 V
10.551 V
10.727 V
10.903 V
11.069 V
11.245 V
12.095 V
11.525 V
11.67 V
11.805 V
11.929 V
12.054 V
12.188 V
13.888 V
14.925 V
-----18.563 V
20.521 V
18.759 V
20.428 V
15.028 V
16.687 V
25.04 V
27.16 V
29.54 V
28.47 V
31.06 V
32.93 V
34.83 V
37.48 V
28.03 V
30.502 V
25.30 V
27.96 V
33.0 V
32.10 V
--19.174 V
20.20 V
21.62 V
22.076 V
22.283 V
23.423 V
24.926 V
20.635 V
21.91 V
22.802 V
22.843 V
22.739 V
26.367 V
25.03 V
20.957 V
23.32 V
-------34.202 V
29.829 V
31.943 V
25.559 V
(5),3
(6),5,4,3,2
(7),6,4
2,(3,4),6,8
2,(3),4
(2),4
1
2
3
(4),2
(3),5
-2,(4),6
(1),5,7
0
1
2
3
(3),4
(3,4)
3
3
(3),2
(3),2
3
(3),4
3
3
3
(3),2
(3),2
3
4
5
(6),5,4,3,2
(7),6,4,2,-1
2,3,(4),6,8
2,3,(4),6
2,(4)
(3),1
(2),1
3,(1)
4,(2)
(3),5
8.57 g/cm
10.2 g/cm
11.5 g/cm
12.2 g/cm
12.4 g/cm
12.02 g/cm
10.5 g/cm
8.65 g/cm
7.31 g/cm
7.30 g/cm
6.684 g/cm
6.24 g/cm
4.93 g/cm
0.00588 g/cm
1.873 g/cm
3.51 g/cm
6.7 g/cm
6.78 g/cm
6.77 g/cm
7.0 g/cm
6.475 g/cm
7.54 g/cm
5.259 g/cm
7.895 g/cm
8.27 g/cm
8.536 g/cm
8.80 g/cm
9.05 g/cm
9.33 g/cm
6.98 g/cm
9.85 g/cm
13.2 g/cm
16.6 g/cm
19.3 g/cm
21.0 g/cm
22.40 g/cm
22.42 g/cm
21.45 g/cm
19.32 g/cm
13.546 g/cm
11.85 g/cm
11.34 g/cm
9.8 g/cm
0.26 J/gK
0.25 J/gK
0.21 J/gK
0.238 J/gK
0.242 J/gK
0.24 J/gK
0.235 J/gK
0.23 J/gK
0.23 J/gK
0.227 J/gK
0.21 J/gK
0.20 J/gK
0.214 J/gK
0.158 J/gK
0.24 J/gK
0.204 J/gK
0.19 J/gK
0.19 J/gK
0.19 J/gK
0.19 J/gK
0.18 J/gK
0.20 J/gK
0.18 J/gK
0.23 J/gK
0.18 J/gK
0.17 J/gK
0.16 J/gK
0.17 J/gK
0.16 J/gK
0.15 J/gK
0.15 J/gK
0.14 J/gK
0.14 J/gK
0.13 J/gK
0.13 J/gK
0.13 J/gK
0.130 J/gK
0.13 J/gK
0.128 J/gK
0.139 J/gK
0.13 J/gK
0.13 J/gK
0.12 J/gK
8.4167 V
9.5 V
10.7485 V
-5.2789 V
5.17 V
6.08 V
5.89 V
6.1941 V
6.2657 V
6.06 V
5.993 V
6.02 V
6.23 V
6.30 V
6.42 V
6.50 V
6.58 V
6.65 V
----------
----10.148 V
12.126 V
11.504 V
----------------------
------20.003 V
----------------------
(4),2
(1),3,5,7
0
1
2
3
4
(5),4
(6),5,4,3
6,(5),4,3
6,5,(4),3
6,5,4,(3)
(3),4
4,(3)
4,(3)
(2),3
3
2,3
2,3
3
4
--------
9.4 g/cm
-0.00973 g/cm
-5 g/cm
10.07 g/cm
11.7 g/cm
15.4 g/cm
18.9 g/cm
20.45 g/cm
19.8 g/cm
13.6 g/cm
13.5 g/cm
----------------
0.12
-0.09
-0.12
-0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.11
-----------------
J/gK
J/gK
J/gK
J/gK
J/gK
J/gK
J/gK
J/gK
J/gK
Heat of
Vaporization
0.44936 kJ/mol
0.0845 kJ/mol
145.920 kJ/mol
292.40 kJ/mol
489.70 kJ/mol
355.80 kJ/mol
2.7928 kJ/mol
3.4099 kJ/mol
3.2698 kJ/mol
1.7326 kJ/mol
96.960 kJ/mol
Heat of Fusion
0.05868 kJ/mol
-3.00 kJ/mol
12.20 kJ/mol
50.20 kJ/mol
-0.3604 kJ/mol
0.22259 kJ/mol
0.2552 kJ/mol
0.3317 kJ/mol
2.598 kJ/mol
Electrical Conductivity
--0.108 10^6/cm ohm
0.313 10^6/cm ohm
1.0e-12 10^6/cm ohm
0.00061 10^6/cm ohm
----0.210 10^6/cm ohm
Thermal
Conductivity
0.001815 W/cmK
0.00152 W/cmK
0.847 W/cmK
2.00 W/cmK
0.270 W/cmK
1.29 W/cmK
0.0002598 W/cmK
0.0002674 W/cmK
0.000279 W/cmK
0.000493 W/cmK
1.41 W/cmK
Modulus of
Elasticity
--10 10 MPa
301 10 MPa
441 10 MPa
7 10 MPa
----5 10 MPa
127.40 kJ/mol
293.40 kJ/mol
384.220 kJ/mol
12.129 kJ/mol
-10.20 kJ/mol
6.447 kJ/mol
79.870 kJ/mol
153.60 kJ/mol
314.20 kJ/mol
421.00 kJ/mol
0.452 kJ/mol
344.30 kJ/mol
226.0 kJ/mol
349.60 kJ/mol
376.50 kJ/mol
370.40 kJ/mol
300.30 kJ/mol
115.30 kJ/mol
258.70 kJ/mol
330.90 kJ/mol
34.760 kJ/mol
37.70 kJ/mol
15.438 kJ/mol
9.029 kJ/mol
72.216 kJ/mol
144.0 kJ/mol
363.0 kJ/mol
58.20 kJ/mol
8.954 kJ/mol
10.790 kJ/mol
50.550 kJ/mol
0.657 kJ/mol
1.7175 kJ/mol
3.203 kJ/mol
1.188 kJ/mol
2.334 kJ/mol
8.540 kJ/mol
14.10 kJ/mol
15.450 kJ/mol
20.90 kJ/mol
16.90 kJ/mol
12.050 kJ/mol
13.80 kJ/mol
16.190 kJ/mol
17.470 kJ/mol
13.050 kJ/mol
7.322 kJ/mol
5.590 kJ/mol
36.940 kJ/mol
-6.694 kJ/mol
5.286 kJ/mol
1.638 kJ/mol
2.192 kJ/mol
8.30 kJ/mol
11.40 kJ/mol
16.90 kJ/mol
0.226 10^6/cm ohm

0.377 10^6/cm ohm
2.52e-12 10^6/cm ohm
1.0e-17 10^6/cm ohm
0.5e-23 10^6/cm ohm
--0.139 10^6/cm ohm
0.298 10^6/cm ohm
0.0177 10^6/cm ohm
0.0234 10^6/cm ohm
0.0489 10^6/cm ohm
0.0774 10^6/cm ohm
0.00695 10^6/cm ohm
0.0993 10^6/cm ohm
0.172 10^6/cm ohm
0.143 10^6/cm ohm
0.596 10^6/cm ohm
0.166 10^6/cm ohm
0.0678 10^6/cm ohm
1.45e-8 10^6/cm ohm
0.0345 10^6/cm ohm
1.0e-12 10^6/cm ohm
--0.0779 10^6/cm ohm
0.0762 10^6/cm ohm
0.0166 10^6/cm ohm
0.0236 10^6/cm ohm
1.56 W/cmK
2.37 W/cmK
1.48 W/cmK
0.00235 W/cmK
0.00269 W/cmK
0.000089 W/cmK
0.0001772 W/cmK
1.024 W/cmK
2.00 W/cmK
0.158 W/cmK
0.219 W/cmK
0.307 W/cmK
0.937 W/cmK
0.0782 W/cmK
0.802 W/cmK
1.00 W/cmK
0.907 W/cmK
4.01 W/cmK
1.16 W/cmK
0.406 W/cmK
0.599 W/cmK
0.500 W/cmK
0.0204 W/cmK
0.00122 W/cmK
0.0000949 W/cmK
0.582 W/cmK
0.353 W/cmK
0.172 W/cmK
0.227 W/cmK
44.4 10 MPa
70.5 10 MPa
162 10 MPa
5 10 MPa
19 10 MPa
-3 10 MPa
2.4 10 MPa
21 10 MPa
80 10 MPa
110 10 MPa
129 10 MPa
259 10 MPa
198 10 MPa
211 10 MPa
208 10 MPa
208 10 MPa
124 10 MPa
95 10 MPa
11 10 MPa
115 10 MPa
39 10 MPa
20 10 MPa
--2.0 10 MPa
15 10 MPa
64.4 10 MPa
94 10 MPa
682.0 kJ/mol
598.0 kJ/mol
660.0 kJ/mol
595.0 kJ/mol
493.0 kJ/mol
357.0 kJ/mol
250.580 kJ/mol
99.570 kJ/mol
231.50 kJ/mol
295.80 kJ/mol
77.140 kJ/mol
52.550 kJ/mol
20.752 kJ/mol
12.636 kJ/mol
67.740 kJ/mol
142.0 kJ/mol
414.0 kJ/mol
414.0 kJ/mol
296.80 kJ/mol
273.0 kJ/mol
-166.40 kJ/mol
143.50 kJ/mol
359.40 kJ/mol
330.90 kJ/mol
230.0 kJ/mol
241.0 kJ/mol
261.0 kJ/mol
191.0 kJ/mol
128.90 kJ/mol
355.90 kJ/mol
575.0 kJ/mol
743.0 kJ/mol
824.0 kJ/mol
715.0 kJ/mol
746.0 kJ/mol
604.0 kJ/mol
510.0 kJ/mol
334.40 kJ/mol
59.229 kJ/mol
164.10 kJ/mol
177.70 kJ/mol
104.80 kJ/mol
26.40 kJ/mol
32.0 kJ/mol
24.0 kJ/mol
24.0 kJ/mol
21.50 kJ/mol
17.60 kJ/mol
11.30 kJ/mol
6.192 kJ/mol
3.263 kJ/mol
7.029 kJ/mol
19.870 kJ/mol
17.490 kJ/mol
7.824 kJ/mol
2.297 kJ/mol
2.092 kJ/mol
7.750 kJ/mol
6.20 kJ/mol
5.460 kJ/mol
6.890 kJ/mol
7.140 kJ/mol
-8.630 kJ/mol
9.210 kJ/mol
10.050 kJ/mol
10.80 kJ/mol
11.060 kJ/mol
12.20 kJ/mol
19.90 kJ/mol
16.840 kJ/mol
7.660 kJ/mol
18.60 kJ/mol
24.060 kJ/mol
31.60 kJ/mol
35.40 kJ/mol
33.20 kJ/mol
31.80 kJ/mol
26.10 kJ/mol
19.60 kJ/mol
12.550 kJ/mol
2.295 kJ/mol
4.142 kJ/mol
4.799 kJ/mol
11.30 kJ/mol
0.0693 10^6/cm ohm

0.187 10^6/cm ohm
0.067 10^6/cm ohm
0.137 10^6/cm ohm
0.211 10^6/cm ohm
0.0950 10^6/cm ohm
0.630 10^6/cm ohm
0.138 10^6/cm ohm
0.116 10^6/cm ohm
0.0917 10^6/cm ohm
0.0288 10^6/cm ohm
2.0e-6 10^6/cm ohm
8.0e-16 10^6/cm ohm
-0.0489 10^6/cm ohm
0.030 10^6/cm ohm
0.0126 10^6/cm ohm
0.0115 10^6/cm ohm
0.0148 10^6/cm ohm
0.0157 10^6/cm ohm
-0.00956 10^6/cm ohm
0.0112 10^6/cm ohm
0.00736 10^6/cm ohm
0.00889 10^6/cm ohm
0.0108 10^6/cm ohm
0.0124 10^6/cm ohm
0.0117 10^6/cm ohm
0.0150 10^6/cm ohm
0.0351 10^6/cm ohm
0.0185 10^6/cm ohm
0.0312 10^6/cm ohm
0.0761 10^6/cm ohm
0.189 10^6/cm ohm
0.0542 10^6/cm ohm
0.109 10^6/cm ohm
0.197 10^6/cm ohm
0.0966 10^6/cm ohm
0.452 10^6/cm ohm
0.0104 10^6/cm ohm
0.0617 10^6/cm ohm
0.0481 10^6/cm ohm
0.00867 10^6/cm ohm
0.537 W/cmK
1.38 W/cmK
0.506 W/cmK
1.17 W/cmK
1.50 W/cmK
0.718 W/cmK
4.29 W/cmK
0.968 W/cmK
0.816 W/cmK
0.666 W/cmK
0.243 W/cmK
0.0235 W/cmK
0.00449 W/cmK
0.0000569 W/cmK
0.359 W/cmK
0.184 W/cmK
0.135 W/cmK
0.114 W/cmK
0.125 W/cmK
0.165 W/cmK
0.179 W/cmK
0.133 W/cmK
0.139 W/cmK
0.106 W/cmK
0.111 W/cmK
0.107 W/cmK
0.162 W/cmK
0.143 W/cmK
0.168 W/cmK
0.349 W/cmK
0.164 W/cmK
0.230 W/cmK
0.575 W/cmK
1.74 W/cmK
0.479 W/cmK
0.876 W/cmK
1.47 W/cmK
0.716 W/cmK
3.17 W/cmK
0.0834 W/cmK
0.461 W/cmK
0.353 W/cmK
0.0787 W/cmK
104 10 MPa
322 10 MPa
380 10 MPa
430 10 MPa
330 10 MPa
127 10 MPa
80 10 MPa
62 10 MPa
14 10 MPa
50 10 MPa
67 10 MPa
40 10 MPa
--1.8 10 MPa
13 10 MPa
50 10 MPa
30 10 MPa
50 10 MPa
38 10 MPa
42 10 MPa
45 10 MPa
15 10 MPa
55 10 MPa
57 10 MPa
63 10 MPa
72 10 MPa
73 10 MPa
76 10 MPa
18 10 MPa
84 10 MPa
139 10 MPa
183 10 MPa
401 10 MPa
461 10 MPa
550 10 MPa
533 10 MPa
175 10 MPa
78.3 10 MPa
22 10 MPa
12 10 MPa
20 10 MPa
34 10 MPa
--16.40 kJ/mol
---514.40 kJ/mol
-477.0 kJ/mol
-344.0 kJ/mol
------------------
--2.890 kJ/mol
---16.10 kJ/mol
12.30 kJ/mol
8.520 kJ/mol
5.190 kJ/mol
2.840 kJ/mol
14.40 kJ/mol
15.0 kJ/mol
----------------
0.0219 10^6/cm ohm

--0.03 10^6/cm ohm
--0.0653 10^6/cm ohm
0.0529 10^6/cm ohm
0.0380 10^6/cm ohm
0.00822 10^6/cm ohm
0.00666 10^6/cm ohm
0.022 10^6/cm ohm
-----------------
0.20 W/cmK
0.017 W/cmK
0.0000364 W/cmK
0.15 W/cmK
0.186 W/cmK
0.12 W/cmK
0.540 W/cmK
0.47 W/cmK
0.276 W/cmK
0.063 W/cmK
0.0674 W/cmK
0.1 W/cmK
0.1 W/cmK
0.1 W/cmK
0.1 W/cmK
0.1 W/cmK
0.1 W/cmK
0.1 W/cmK
0.1 W/cmK
0.1 W/cmK
0.23 W/cmK
0.58 W/cmK
-------
26 10 MPa
--2 10 MPa
16 10 MPa
34 10 MPa
73 10 MPa
100 10 MPa
186 10 MPa
900 10 MPa
97 10 MPa
------------------
Coeficient of
Thermal Expansion
--46 10^-6 K^-1
11.3 10^-6 K^-1
4.7 10^-6 K^-1
1.0 10^-6 K^-1
240 10^-6 K^-1
780 10^-6 K^-1
1800 10^-6 K^-1
1900 10^-6 K^-1
71 10^-6 K^-1
Lattice
parm
Lattice
parm
--3.5101
2.286
8.80
2.4619
----4.2908
24.8 10^-6 K^-1

23.1 10^-6 K^-1
2.6 10^-6 K^-1
127 10^-6 K^-1
70 10^-6 K^-1
-618 10^-6 K^-1
82 10^-6 K^-1
22.3 10^-6 K^-1
10.0 10^-6 K^-1
8.6 10^-6 K^-1
8.4 10^-6 K^-1
4.9 10^-6 K^-1
21.7 10^-6 K^-1
11.8 10^-6 K^-1
13 10^-6 K^-1
13.4 10^-6 K^-1
16.5 10^-6 K^-1
30.2 10^-6 K^-1
19.7 10^-6 K^-1
5.7 10^-6 K^-1
15.4 10^-6 K^-1
45.0 10^-6 K^-1
-425 10^-6 K^-1
91 10^-6 K^-1
22.5 10^-6 K^-1
11.3 10^-6 K^-1
5.7 10^-6 K^-1
3.2095
5.2107
4.0497
5.4309
3.3137 10.478 4.3765
10.4650 12.8665 24.4869
--5.247
5.5886
3.3091
5.2735
29512
4.6845
3.0232
2.8847
8.9142
2.8665
2.507
4.070
3.5239
3.6148
2.6650
4.9470
4.523
7.661
4.524
5.677
4.1319
a=54 8'
4.3658
4.9592
--5.70
6.0851
3.6475
5.7308
3.2313
5.1479
Lattice parm
3.584
5.05
6.7080
Pronounced
HI-dreh-jen
HEE-li-em
LITH-i-em
beh-RIL-i-em
BO-ron
KAR-ben
NYE-treh-gen
OK-si-jen
FLU-eh-reen
NEE-on
SO-di-em
mag-NEE-zih-em
ah-LOO-men-em
SIL-i-ken
FOS-fer-es
SUL-fer
KLOR-een
AR-gon
pe-TASS-i-em
KAL-si-em
SKAN-di-em
tie-TAY-ni-em
veh-NAY-di-em
KROH-mi-em
MAN-ge-nees
EYE-ern
KO-bolt
NIK-l
KOP-er
ZINK
GAL-i-em
jer-MAY-ni-em
AR-s'n-ik
si-LEE-ni-em
BRO-meen
KRIP-ton
roo-BID-i-em
STRON-she-em
IT-ri-em
zer-KO-ni-em
7.3 10^-6 K^-1

4.8 10^-6 K^-1
8 10^-6 K^-1
6.4 10^-6 K^-1
8.2 10^-6 K^-1
11.8 10^-6 K^-1
18.9 10^-6 K^-1
30.8 10^-6 K^-1
32.1 10^-6 K^-1
22.0 10^-6 K^-1
11.0 10^-6 K^-1
18.8 10^-6 K^-1
87 10^-6 K^-1
253 10^-6 K^-1
100 10^-6 K^-1
20.6 10^-6 K^-1
5.2 10^-6 K^-1
5.2 10^-6 K^-1
5.4 10^-6 K^-1
6.9 10^-6 K^-1
--41 10^-6 K^-1
-2 10^-6 K^-1
9.4 10^-6 K^-1
9.6 10^-6 K^-1
9.8 10^-6 K^-1
9.4 10^-6 K^-1
12 10^-6 K^-1
25.1 10^-6 K^-1
8.2 10^-6 K^-1
5.9 10^-6 K^-1
6.3 10^-6 K^-1
4.5 10^-6 K^-1
6.2 10^-6 K^-1
5.1 10^-6 K^-1
6.4 10^-6 K^-1
8.8 10^-6 K^-1
14.2 10^-6 K^-1
49 10^-6 K^-1
29.9 10^-6 K^-1
28.8 10^-6 K^-1
13.4 10^-6 K^-1
3.3067
3.1469
2.735
2.7059
3.8045
3.8908
4.0863
2.9789
4.5981
5.8317
4.5069
4.4568
4.79
-6.0797
5.013
3.770
5.1603
3.6726
3.6580
-8.996
4.5822
3.6361
3.6011
3.5904
3.5774
3.5589
3.5346
5.4864
3.5032
3.1947
3.298
3.1653
2.760
2.7354
3.8390
3.9240
4.0786
3.005
3.4567
4.9504
4.736
7.25
ni-OH-bee-em
meh-LIB-deh-nem
4.388
tek-NEE-shi-em
4.2818
roo-THE-ni-em
RO-di-em
peh-LAY-di-em
SIL-ver
5.6169
KAD-me-em
4.9469
IN-di-em
TIN
a=57 6'27" AN-teh-MOH-ni
5.9270
te-LOOR-i-em
9.78
EYE-eh-dine
ZEE-non
SEE-zi-em
BAR-i-em
12.159
LAN-the-nem
SER-i-em
11.8358 pra-si-eh-DIM-i-em
nee-eh-DIM-i-em
pro-MEE-thi-em
a=23 13'
seh-MER-i-em
yoo-RO-pi-em
5.7828
GAD-eh-LIN-i-em
5.6938
TUR-bi-em
5.6477
dis-PRO-si-em
5.6160
HOLE-mi-em
5.5876
UR-bi-em
5.5548
THOO-li-em
i-TUR-bi-em
5.5511
loo-TEE-shi-em
5.0513
HAF-ni-em
TAN-te-lem
TUNG-sten
4.458
REE-ni-em
4.3193
OZ-mi-em
i-RID-i-em
PLAT-n-em
GOLD
a=70 32'
MER-kyoo-ri
5.5250
THAL-i-em
LED
a=57 14'
BIZ-meth
23 10^-6 K^-1
---8 10^-6 K^-1
-11.0 10^-6 K^-1
9.7 10^-6 K^-1
13.9 10^-6 K^-1
28 10^-6 K^-1
46.7 10^-6 K^-1
7.1 10^-6 K^-1
-----------------
3.345
----5.311
5.0847
3.925
2.8538
6.663
6.183
3.4681
-----------------
5.8697
4.723
4.822
3.238
4.9550
4.887
10.963
11.240
peh-LOW-ni-em
AS-teh-teen
RAY-don
FRAN-si-em
RAY-di-em
ak-TIN-i-em
THOR-i-em
PRO-tak-tin-eh-em
yoo-RAY-ni-em
nep-TOO-ni-em
ploo-TOE-ni-em
am-er-ISH-i-em
KYOOR-i-em
BURK-li-em
kal-eh-FOR-ni-em
ine-STINE-i-em
FER-mi-em
men-deh-LEE-vi-em
no-BELL-i-em
lor-ENS-i-em
ruth-er-FORD-i-em
HA-ni-em
see-BORG-i-em
neels-BOR-i-em
HES-i-em
MITE-ner-i-um
oon-nun-NIL-i-em
oon-nun-OON-i-em
Name Origin
Greek: hydro (water) and genes (generate)
Greek: hlios (sun).
Greek: lithos (stone).
Greek: beryllos, "beryl" (a mineral).
From Arabic and Persian words for borax.
Latin: carbo, (charcoal).
Greek: nitron and genes, (soda forming).
Greek: oxys and genes, (acid former).
Latin: fluere (flow).
Greek: neos (new).
Medieval Latin: sodanum, (headache remedy); symbol from Latin natrium, (sodium carbonate).
From Magnesia ancient city in district of Thessaly, Greece.
Latin: alumen, aluminis, (alum).
Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
Greek: phosphoros, (bringer of light).
Latin: sulphur (brimstone).
Greek: chlros (greenish yellow).
Greek: argos (inactive).
English: pot ash; symbol from Latin: kalium, (alkali).
Latin: calx, calcis (lime).
Latin: Scandia, Scandinavia.
Greek: titanos (Titans).
From Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis.
Greek: chrma (color).
Latin: magnes (magnet); Italian: manganese.
Anglo-Saxon: iron; symbol from Latin: ferrum (iron).
German: kobold (goblin).
German: kupfernickel (false copper).
Symbol from Latin: cuprum (island of Cyprus famed for its copper mines).
German: zink (German for tin).
Latin: Gallia (France).
Latin: Germania (Germany).
Greek: arsenikon; Latin: arsenicum, (both names for yellow pigment).
Greek: seln (moon).
Greek: brmos (stench).
Greek: kryptos (hidden).
Latin: rubidus (deep red); the color its salts impart to flames.
From the Scottish town, Strontian.
From the Swedish village, Ytterby, where one of its minerals was first found.
From the mineral, zircon.
From Niobe; daughter of the mythical Greek king Tantalus.

Greek: molybdos (lead).
Greek: techntos (artificial).
Latin: Ruthenia (Russia).
Greek: rhodon (rose). Its salts give a rosy solution.
Named after the asteroid, Pallas, discovered in 1803.
Anglo-Saxon: siolful, (silver); symbol from Latin: argentium.
Greek: kadmeia (ancient name for calamine (zinc oxide)).
Latin: indicum (color indigo), the color it shows in a spectroscope.
Named after Etruscan god, Tinia; symbol from Latin: stannum (tin).
Greek: anti and monos (not alone); symbol from mineral stibnite.
Latin: tellus (earth).
Greek: ieides (violet colored).
Greek: xenos (strange).
Latin: coesius (sky blue); for the blue lines of its spectrum.
Greek: barys (heavy or dense).
Greek: lanthanein (to be hidden).
Named after the asteroid, Ceres, discovered two years before the element.
Greek: prasios and didymos (green twin); from its green salts.
Greek: neos and didymos (new twin).
Named for the Greek god, Prometheus.
Named after the mineral samarskite.
Named for the continent of Europe.
Named after the mineral gadolinite.
Named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden.
Greek: dysprositos (hard to get at).
From Holmia, the Latinized name for Stockholm, Sweden.
Named after the Swedish town, Ytterby.
From Thule ancient name of Scandinavia.
Named for the Swedish village of Ytterby.
Named for the ancient name of Paris, Lutecia.
From Hafnia, the Latin name of Copenhagen.
From king Tantalus of Greek mythology, father of Niobe.
Swedish: tung sten (heavy stone): symbol from its German name wolfram.
Latin: Rhenus, the Rhine River.
Greek: osm (odor).
Latin: iris (rainbow).
Spanish: platina (little silver).
Anglo-Saxon: geolo (yellow); symbol from Latin: aurum (shining dawn).
From the Roman god Mercury; symbol from Latin: hydrargyrus (liquid silver).
Greek: thallos (green twig), for a bright green line in its spectrum.
Anglo-Saxon: lead; symbol from Latin: plumbum.
German: bisemutum, (white mass), Now spelled wismut.
Named for Poland, native country of Marie Curie.

Greek: astatos (unstable).
Variation of the name of another element, radium.
Named for France, the nation of its discovery.
Latin: radius (ray).
Greek: akis, aktinos (ray).
Named for Thor, Norse god of thunder.
Greek: proto and actinium (parent of actinium); it forms actinium when it radioactively decays.
Named for the planet Uranus.
Named for the planet Neptune.
Named for the planet Pluto.
Named for the American continent, by analogy with europium.
Named in honor of Pierre and Marie Curie.
Named after Berkeley, California the city of its discovery.
Named after the state and University of California.
Named in honor of the scientist Albert Einstein.
Named in honor of the scientist Enrico Fermi.
Named in honor of the scientist Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleyev, who devised the periodic table.
Named in honor of Alfred Nobel, who invented dynamite and founded Nobel prize.
Named in honor of Ernest O. Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron.
Named in honor of Ernest Rutherford
Named in honor of Otto Hahn
Named in honor of Glenn Seaborg, American physical chemist known for research on transuranium elements.
Named in honor of Niels Bohr
Named in honor of Henri Hess, Swiss born Russian chemist known for work in thermodydamics.
Named in honor of Lise Mietner
Un (one) nun (one) nilium (zero)
Un (one) nun (one) unium (one)
Description
Tasteless, colorless, odorless gas. The most abundant element in the universe. Tenth most abundant element in
Light, odorless, colorless, tasteless inert gas. Second most abundant element in the universe. Sixth most abund
Soft silvery-white metal. Lightest of metals. Accounts for only 0.0007% of the earth's crust.
Hard, brittle, steel-gray metal. Lightest rigid metal. Formerly called glucinium (Gl) for its sweet but deadly taste
Hard, brittle, lustrous black semimetal. Exists in the earth's crust at an average proportion of about 10 parts pe
Allotropic forms include diamonds and graphite. Sixth most abundant element in the universe.
Colorless, odorless, tasteless, generally inert gas. Fifth most abundant element in the universe. Makes up about
Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas; pale blue liquid. Third most abundant element in the universe. It is the most
Greenish-yellow, pungent, corrosive gas. Extremely reactive. Does not occur uncombined in nature.
Colorless, odorless, tasteless inert gas. Fourth most abundant element in the universe and fifth most abundant
Soft silvery-white metal. Sixth most abundant element in the earth's crust. Burns in air with a brilliant white flam
Lightweight, malleable, silvery-white metal. Eighth most abundant element in the universe. Seventh most abun
Soft, lightweight, silvery-white metal. Third most abundant element in the earth's crust.
Amorphous form is brown power; crystalline form has gray metallic appearance. Seventh most abundant eleme
Soft white waxy phosphorescent solid, brownish-red powder or black solid.
Tasteless, odorless, pale yellow, brittle solid. Tenth most abundant element in the universe.
Greenish-yellow, disagreeable gas. Never found in free form in nature.
Colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas. It is the third most abundant element in the earth's atmosphere and m
Soft, waxy, silver-white metal. Eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust (20,900 ppm). Occurs only in
Fairly hard, silvery-white metal. Fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust (41,500 ppm). Occurs only in c
Fairly soft, silvery-white metal. Eighth most abundant 'rare earth' found in the earth's crust (5.0 ppm).
Shiny, dark-gray metal. Ninth most abundant element in the earth's crust (5700 ppm). It can be highly polished
Soft, ductile, silvery-white metal. Resistant to corrosion by moisture, air and most acids and alkalis at room tem
Very hard, crystalline, steel-gray metal. The pure metal has a blue-white color. It is hard, brittle and corrsion-res
Hard, brittle, gray-white metal with a pinkish tinge. Rusts like iron in moist air.
Malleable, ductile, silvery-white metal. Fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust (56,300 ppm). Ninth
Hard, ductile, lustrous bluish-gray metal. Exists in the earth's curst in cocentrations of about 25 ppm. It has rem
Hard, malleable, silvery-white metal. Found in the earth's crust in portions averaging 70 ppm. It can be polished
Malleable, ductile, reddish-brown metal.
Bluish-silver, ductile metal.
Soft, blue-white metal.
Grayish-white metal.
Steel-gray, brittle semi-metal.
Soft metalloid similar to sulfur. Ranges from gray metallic to red glassy appearance.
Redish-brown liquid.
Colorless, odorless, tasteless rare noble gas.
Soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal.
Soft, malleable, silvery-yellow metal.
Silvery, ductile, fairly reactive metal.
Gray-white, lustrous, corrosion-resistant metal.
Shiny white, soft, ductile metal.

Hard, silvery-white metal.
Silvery-gray metal. First synthetically produced element.
Rare, extremely brittle, silver-gray metal.
Hard, silvery-white metal
Soft, malleable, ductile, silvery-white metal.
Silvery-ductile, and malleable metal
Soft, malleable, blue-white metal.
Rare, very soft, silver-white metal
Silvery-white, soft, malleable and ductile metal.
Hard, brittle, silvery-white semimetal.
Silvery-white, brittle simi-metal.
Shiny, black, non-metalic solid; as a gas it is violet and intensely irritating to the eyes, nose and throat.
Heavy, colorless, odorless, noble gas.
Very soft, light gray, ductile metal.
Soft, slightly malleable, silvery-white metal.
Soft, silvery-white, malleable, ductile metal.
Malleable, ductile, iron-gray metal.
Silvery white, moderately soft, malleable, ductile metal.
Silvery-white, rare-earth metal that oxidizes easily in air.
Rare earth metal of synthetic origin on the earth, naturally made in stars.
Silvery rare earth metal.
Soft, silvery-white metal.
Soft, ductile, silvery-white metal.
Soft, ductile, silvery-gray, rare earth metal.
Soft, lustrous, silvery metal.
Fairly soft, malleable, lustrous, silvery metal.
Soft, malleable, silvery metal.
Soft, malleable, ductile, silvery metal
Silvery, lustrous, malleable, and ductile metal.
Silvery-white, hard, dense, rare earth metal.
Silvery, ductile metal.
Rare, gray, heavy, hard but ductile, metal with a high melting point.
Hard, steel-gray to white metal. Highest melting point of all metals.
Rare and costly, dense, silvery-white metal.
Hard fine black powder or hard, lustrous, blue-white metal.
Heavy, brittle, white metal.
Rare, very heavy, soft, silvery-white metal.
Soft, malleable, bright yellow metal.
Heavy, silver-white metal, liquid at ordinary temperatures.
Soft gray metal that looks like lead.
Very soft, highly malleable and ductile, blue-white shiny metal.
Hard, brittle, steel-gray metal with a pink tint.
Silvery-gray, extremely rare, radioactive metal.

Unstable, radioactive member of the halogen group.
Colorless, odorless, tasteless, radioactive, heavy, noble gas.
Highly rare and unstable, radioactive metal.
Silvery-white metal. Intensely radioactive.
Heavy, silvery-white, very radioactive metal
Heavy, gray, soft, malleable, ductile, radioactive metal.
Very rare, silvery-white, extremely radioactive metal.
Silvery-white, dense, ductile, malleable, radioactive metal.
Rare, silvery radioactive metal.
Silvery-white, extremely radioactive artificially produced metal.
Silvery-white, artificially produced radioactive metal.
Silvery, malleable, synthetic radioactive metal.
Synthetic radioactive metal.
Synthetic radioactive metal. Powerful neutron emitter.
Discovered By
Henry Cavendish
Sir William Ramsey, Nils Langet, P.T.Cleve
Johann Arfwedson
Fredrich Whler, A.A.Bussy
Sir H. Davy, J.L. Gay-Lussac, L.J. Thnard
Known to the ancients
Daniel Rutherford
Joseph Priestly, Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Henri Moissan
Sir William Ramsey, M.W. Travers
Sir Humphrey Davy
Year
1766
1895
1817
1798
1808
Unknown
1772
1774
1886
1898
1807
Sir Humphrey Davy

Hans Christian Oersted
Jns Berzelius
Hennig Brand
Known to the ancients.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Sir William Ramsey, Baron Rayleigh
Sir Humphrey Davy
Sir Humphrey Davy
Lars Nilson
William Gregor
Nils Sefstrm
Louis Vauquelin
Johann Gahn
George Brandt
Axel Cronstedt
Paul mile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Clemens Winkler
Jns Berzelius
Antoine J. Balard
Sir William Ramsey, M.W. Travers
R. Bunsen, G. Kirchof
A. Crawford
Johann Gadolin
Martin Klaproth
1808
1825
1824
1669
Unknown
1774
1894
1807
1808
1879
1791
1830
1797
1774
Unknown
1739
1751
Unknown
Unknown
1875
1886
Unknown
1818
1826
1898
1861
1790
1789
1789
Charles Hatchet
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Carlo Perrier, millo Segr
Karl Klaus
William Wollaston
William Wollaston
Fredrich Stromeyer
Ferdinand Reich, T. Richter
Franz Mller von Reichenstein
Bernard Courtois
Sir William Ramsay; M. W. Travers
Gustov Kirchof, Robert Bunsen
Sir Humphrey Davy
Carl Mosander
W. von Hisinger, J. Berzelius, M. Klaproth
C.F. Aver von Welsbach
C.F. Aver von Welsbach
J.A. Marinsky, L.E. Glendenin, C.D. Coryell
Eugne Demaray
Jean de Marignac
Carl Mosander
J.L. Soret
Carl Mosander
Per Theodor Cleve
Jean de Marignac
Georges Urbain
Dirk Coster, Georg von Hevesy
Anders Ekeberg
Fausto and Juan Jos de Elhuyar
Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, Otto Berg
Smithson Tenant
S.Tenant, A.F.Fourcory, L.N.Vauquelin, H.V.Collet-Descoltils
Julius Scaliger
Sir William Crookes
1801
1778
1937
1844
1803
1803
Unknown
1817
1863
Unknown
Unknown
1782
1811
1898
1860
1808
1839
1803
1885
1925
1945
1879
1901
1880
1843
1886
1878
1843
1879
1878
1907
1923
1802
1783
1925
1804
1804
1735
Unknown
Unknown
1861
Unknown
Unknown
Pierre and Marie Curie

D.R.Corson, K.R.MacKenzie, E.Segr
Fredrich Ernst Dorn
Marguerite Derey
Pierre and Marie Curie
Andr Debierne
Jns Berzelius
Fredrich Soddy, John Cranston, Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner
Martin Klaproth
E.M. McMillan, P.H. Abelson
G.T.Seaborg, J.W.Kennedy, E.M.McMillan, A.C.Wohl
G.T.Seaborg, R.A.James, L.O.Morgan, A.Ghiorso
G.T.Seaborg, R.A.James, A.Ghiorso
G.T.Seaborg, S.G.Tompson, A.Ghiorso
G.T.Seaborg, S.G.Tompson, A.Ghiorso, K.Street Jr.
Argonne, Los Alamos, U of Calif
Argonne, Los Alamos, U of Calif
G.T.Seaborg, S.G.Tompson, A.Ghiorso, K.Street Jr.
Nobel Institute for Physics
A.Ghiorso, T.Sikkeland, A.E.Larsh, R.M.Latimer
A. Ghiorso, et al
A. Ghiorso, et al
Soviet Nuclear Research/ U. of Cal at Berkeley
Heavy Ion Research Laboratory (HIRL)
1898
1940
1898
1939
1898
1899
1828
1917
1789
1940
1940
1945
1944
1949
1950
1952
1953
1955
1957
1961
1969
1970
1974
1976
1984
1982
1994
1994
Location
England
Scotland/Sweden
Sweden
Germany/France
England/France
Unknown
Scotland
England/Sweden
France
England
England
England
Denmark
Sweden
Germany
Unknown
Sweden
Scotland
England
England
Sweden
England
Sweden
France
Sweden
Unknown
Sweden
Sweden
Unknown
Germany
France
Germany
Unknown
Sweden
France
Great Britain
Germany
Scotland
Finland
Germany
England
Sweden
Italy
Russia
England
England
Unknown
Germany
Germany
Unknown
Unknown
Romania
France
England
Germany
England
Sweden
Sweden/Germany
Austria
Austria
United States
France
France
Switzerland
Sweden
France
Switzerland
Sweden
Sweden
Switzerland
France
Denmark
Sweden
Spain
Germany
England
England/France
Italy
Unknown
Unknown
England
Unknown
Unknown
France
United States
Germany
France
France
France
Sweden
England/France
Germany
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
United States
Sweden
United States
United States
United States
USSR/United States
Germany
Germany
Germany
Germany
Germany
Commercial quantities are produced by reacting superheated steam with methane or carbon. In lab work from r
Found in natural gas deposits & in the air (5 parts per billion) Constantly lost to space; replenished by radioacti
Obtained by passing electric charge through melted lithium chloride and from the silicate mineral called spodum
Found mostly in minerals like beryl [AlBe3(Si6O18)] and chrysoberyl (Al2BeO4). Pure beryllium is obtained by c
Obtained from kernite, a kind of borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O). High purity boron is produced by electrolysis of molte
Made by burning organic compounds with insufficient oxygen.
Obtained from liquid air by fractional distillation.
Obtained primarily from liquid air by fractional distillation. Small amounts are made in the laboratory by electro
Found in the minerals fluorite (CaF2) and cryolite(Na3AlF6). Electrolysis of hydrofluoric acid (HF) or potassium a
Obtained from production of liquid air as a byproduct of producing liquid oxygen and nitrogen.
Obtained by electrolysis of melted sodium chloride (salt), borax and cryolite.
Usually obtained by electrolysis of melted magnesium chloride (MgCl2) found in sea water. Each cubic mile of s
Never occurs in free form. Obtained by electrolysis from bauxite (Al2O3).
Makes up major portion of clay, granite, quartz (SiO2), and sand. Commercial production depends on a reaction
Found most often in phosphate rock. Pure phosphorus is obtained by heating a mixture of phosphate rock, coke
Found in pure form and in ores like cinnabar, galena, sphalerite and stibnite. Pure form is obtained from underg
Salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is its most common compound. Commercial quantities are produced by electrolysis
Continuously released into the air by decay of radioactive potassium-40. Pure form is obtained from fractional d
Found in minerals like carnallite [(KMgCl3).6H2O] & sylvite (potassium chloride, KCL). Pure metal is produced by
Obtained from minerals like chalk, limestone & marble. Pure metal is produced by replacing the calcium in lime
Occurs mainly in the minerals thortveitile (~34% scandium) and wiikite. Also in some tin and tungsten ores. Pu
Usually occurs in the minerals ilmenite (FeTiO3) or rutile (TiO2). Also in Titaniferous magnetite, titanite (CaTiSiO
Found in the minerals patronite (VS4), vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl], and carnotite [K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O]. Pure m
Chromite [Fe,Mg(CrO4)] is its most important mineral. Produced commercially by heating its ore in the presence
Most abundant ores are pyrolusite (MnO2), psilomelane [(Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10] and rhodochrosite (MnCO3). Pure m
Obtained from iron ores. Pure metal produced in blast furnaces by layering limestone, coke and iron ore and for
Occurs in compounds with arsenic, oxygen and sulfur as in cobaltine (CoAsS) and linneite (Co3S4). Pure cobalt
Chiefly found in pentlandite [(Ni,Fe)9S8] ore. The metal is produced by heating the ore in a blast furnace which
Pure copper occurs rarely in nature. Usually found in sulfides as in chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), coveline (CuS), chalco
Found in the minerals zinc blende (sphalerite) (ZnS), calamine, franklinite, smithsonite (ZnCO3), willemite, and
Found throughout the crust in minerals like bauxite, germanite and coal.
Obtained from refining copper, zinc and lead.
Found in mispickel (arsenopyrite)
Obtained from lead, copper and nickel refining. Conducts electricity when struck by light.
Occurs in compounds in sea water.
Forms 1 millionth of the atmosphere. Obtained from production of liquid air.
Occurs abundantly, but so widespread that production is limited. Usually obtained from lithium production.
Found in minerals celestite and strontianite.
Found in minerals such as monazite, xenotime, and yttria.
Found in many minerals such as zircon and baddeleyite.
Occurs in a mineral columbite. Formerly known as colombium (Cb). It is used in stainless steel alloys for nuclea
Found in the minerals molybdenite (MoS2) and wulfenite (MoO4Pb).
Made first by bombarding molybdenum with deuterons (heavy hydrogen) in a cyclotron.
Found in pentlandite and pyroxinite.
Obtained as a by-product of nickel production.
Obtained with platinum, nickel, copper and mercury ores.
Found in ores called argentite (AgS), light ruby silver (Ag3AsS3), dark ruby silver(Ag3SbS3) and brittle silver.
Obtained as a by product of zinc refining.
Found in certain zinc ores.
Principally found in the ore cassiterite(SnO2) and stannine (Cu2FeSnS4).
Found in stibnite (Sb2S3) and in valentinite (Sb2O3).
Obtained as a by-product of copper and lead refining.
Occurs on land and in the sea in sodium and potassium compounds.
Obtain from the small quantities in liquid air.
Found in pollucite [(Cs4Al4Si9O26).H2O] and as trace in lepidolite.
Found in barytine (BaSO4) and witherite (BaCO3), never found in pure form due to its reactivity. Must be stored
Found with rare earths in monazite and bastnasite. Monazite sand typicall contains 25% lanthanum.
Most abundant rare earth metal. Found in many minerals like monazite sand [Ce(PO4)].
Obtained from same salts as neodymium.
Made from electrolysis of its halide salts, which are made from monazite sand.
Does not occur naturally. Found among fission products of uranium, thorium, and plutonium.
Found with other rare earths in monazite sand. The sand is often 50% rare earths by weight and 2.8% samarium
Obtained from monazite sand, which is a mixture of phosphates of calcium, thorium, cerium, and most other ra
Found with other rare earths in gadolinite and monazite sand.
Found with other rare earths in monazite sand, which typically contain 0.03% terbium. Other sources are xenot
Usually found with erbium, holmium and other rare earths in some minerals such as monazite sand, which is of
Occurs in gadolinite. Most often from monazite which is often 50% rare earth and typically 0.05% holmium.
Found with other heavier rare earths in xenotime and euxerite.
Found with other rare earths in the minerals gadolinite, euxenite, xenotime, and monazite. Monazite is often 50
Found in minerals such as yttria, monazite, gadolinite, and xenotime. Monazite is often 50% rare earth by weigh
Found with ytterbium in gadolinite and xenotime. Usually obtained from monazite sand which is ofter 50% rare
Obtained from mineral zircon or baddeleyite.
Chiefly occurs in the mineral tantalite. Always found with niobium.
Occurs in the minerals scheelite (CaWO4) and wolframite [(Fe,Mn)WO4].
Found in small amounts in gadolinite and molybdenite. Has a very high melting point.
Obtained from the same ores as platinum.
Found in gravel deposits with platinum.
Produced from deposits of native, or elemental, platinum.
Found in veins in the crust, with cooper ore and native .
Virtually all mercury comes from cinnabar or mercury sulfide (HgS). Some sources of red cinnabar are so rich in
Found in iron pyrites. Also in crookesite, hutchinsonite and lorandite. Most is recovered from the byproducts of l
Found most often in ores called galena or lead sulfide (PbS). Some is found in its native state.
It can be found free in nature and in minerals like bismuthine (Bi2O3) and in bismuth ochre (Bi2O3)
Occurs in pitchblende from decay of bismuth.

Does not occur in nature. Similar to iodine. Produced by bombarding bismuth with alpha particles.
Formed from the decay of radium in the earths crust.
Formed by decay of actinium. Chemical properties similar to cesium. Decays to radium or astatine.
Found in uranium ores at 1 part per 3 million parts uranium.
Extremely rare, found in all uranium ores. Usually obtained by treating radium with neutrons in a reactor.
Found in various minerals like monazite and thorite.
Does not occur in nature. Found among fission products of uranium, thorium, and plutonium.
Occurs in many rocks, but in large amounts only in such minerals as pitchblende and carnotite.
Produced by bombarding uranium with slow neutrons.
Found rarely in some uranium ores. Made by bombarding uranium with neutrons.
Produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons.
Made by bombarding plutonium with helium ions. So radioactive it glows in the dark.
Some compounds have been made and studied. Made by bombarding americium with alpha particles.
Made by bombarding curium with helium ions.
Made by bombarding uranium with neutrons.
Produced by bombarding lighter transuranium elements with still lighter particles or by neutron capture.
Made by bombarding einsteinium with helium ions.
Made by bombarding curium with carbon-13
Produced by bombarding californium with boron ions.
Made by bombarding californium-249 with beams of carbon-12 and 13, which produced an isotope with half live
Made by bombarding californium-249 with a beam of nitrogen-15
Made by bombarding californium-249 with oxygen-18.
Obtained by bombarding bismuth-204 with chromium-54.
Formed by the bombardment of lead-208 with iron-58.
Obtained by bombarding bismuth-209 with iron-58.
Made by bombarding bismuth-209 with cobolt-59.
Made by bombarding bismuth-209 with nickel-60.
Most hydrogen is used in the production of ammonia. Also used in balloons and in metal refining. Also used as f
Used in balloons, deep sea diving & welding. Also used in very low temperature research.
Used in batteries. Also for certain kinds of glass and ceramics. Some is used in lubricants.
Its ability to absorb large amounts of heat makes it useful in spacecraft, missiles, aircraft, etc. Emeralds are ber
Used with titanium & tungsten to make heat resistant alloys for jets & rockets.
For making steel, in filters, and many more uses. Radiocarbon dating uses the carbon-14 isotope to date old ob
Primarily to produce ammonia and other fertilizers. Also used in making nitric acid, which is used in explosives.
Used in steel making, welding, and supporting life. Naturally occuring ozone (O3) in the upper atmosphere shie
Used in refrigerants and other fluorocarbons. Also in toothpaste as sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride
Primarily for lighting.
There are few uses for the pure metal, however its compounds are used in medicine, agriculture and photograp
Used in alloys to make airplanes, missiles and other uses for light metals. Has structural properties similar to al
Used for many purposes from airplanes to beverage cans. Too soft in its pure form so less than 1% of silicon or
Used in glass as silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the hardest substances known and used in
Used in the production of fertilizers and detergents. Some is used in fireworks, safety matches, and incendiary
Used in matches, gunpowder, medicines, rubber and pesticides, dyes and insecticides. Also for making sulfuric
Used in water purification, bleaches, acids and many, many other compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC
Used in lighting products. It is often used in filling incandescent light bulbs. Some is mixed with krypton in fluor
Used as potash in making glass & soap. Also as saltpeter, potassium nitrate (KNO3) to make explosives and to
Used by many forms of life to make shells and bones. Virtually no use for the pure metal, however two of its co
Scandium metal is used in some aerospace applications. Scandum oxide (Sc2O3) is used in the manufacture of
Since it is strong and resists acids it is used in many alloys. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white pigment that cover
It is mixed with other metals to make very strong and durable alloys. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is used as a c
Used to make stainless steel. It gives the color to rubies and emeralds. Iron-nickel-chromium alloys in various p
Used in steel, batteries and ceramics. The steel in railroad tracks can contain as much as 1.2% manganese. It i
Used in steel and other alloys. Essential for humans. It is the chief constituent of hemoglobin which carries oxyg
Used in many hard alloys; for magnets, ceramics and special glasses. Remains hard up to 982C. Radioactive c
Used in electroplating and metal alloys because of its resistance to corrosion. Also in nickel-cadmium batteries;
Most often used as an electrical conductor. Also used in the manufacture of water pipes. Its alloys are used in je
Used to coat other metal (galvanizing) to protect them from rusting. Also used in alloys such as brass, bronze, n
Used in semiconductor production. It us used in making LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and GaAs laser diodes.
Widely used in semiconductors. It is a good semiconductor when combined with tiny amounts of phosphorus, a
Many of its compounds are deadly poison and used as weed killer and rat poison. Conducts electricity. Used in s
Light causes it to conduct electricity more easily. It is used in photoelectric cells, TV cameras, xerography mach
It was once used in large quantities to make a compound that removed lead compound build up in engines burn
Used in lighting products. Some is used as inert filler-gas in incandescent bulbs. Some is mixed with argon in flu
Used as a catalyst, photocells, and vacuum and cathode-ray tubes.
Used in flares and fireworks for crimson color. Strontium-90 is a long lived highly radioactive fallout product of a
Combined with europium to make red phosphors for color TV's. Yttrium oxide and iron oxide combine to form a
Used in alloys such as zircaloy which is used in nuclear applications since it does not readily absorb neutrons. A
Used as an alloy with iron and nickel. It can be used in nuclear reactors and is known to be superconductive wh
Its alloys are used in aircraft, missiles, and protective coatings in boiler plate.
Added to iron in quantities as low as 55 part-per-million transforms the iron into a corrosion-resistant alloy.
Used to harden platinum and palladium. Aircraft magnetos use platinum alloy with 10% ruthenium.
Used as a coating to prevent wear on high quality science equipment and with platinum to make thermocouple
Used as a substitue for silver in dental items and jewelry. The pure metal is used as the delicate mainsprings in
Used in alloys for jewelry and in other compounds for photography. It is also a good conductor, but expensive.
Used in nickel-cadmium batteries. Also in electroplating steel and in the manufacture of berings. Its compounds
Used to coat high speed bearings and as an alloy that lowers the melting point of other metals. Relativly small
Used as a coating for steel cans since it is nontoxic and noncorrosive. Also in solder (33%Sn:67%Pb), bronze (20
It is alloyed with other metals to increase their hardness. Also in the manufacture of a few special types of sem
Used to improve the machining quality of copper and stainless steel products and to color glass and ceramics. A
Required in small amounts by humans. Once used as an antiseptic, but no longer due to its poisonous nature.
Used for filling flash lamps and other powerful lamps. Electrical excitation of xenon produces a burst of brilliant
Used as a 'getter' to remove air traces in vacuum and cathode-ray tubes. Also used in producing photoelectric d
Barite, or barium sulfate (BaSO4), when ground is used as a filter for rubber, plastics, and resins. It is insoluable
It is used in the electodes of high-intensity, carbon-arc lights. Also used in the production of high-grade europiu
Its oxides are used in the optics and glass-making industries. Its salts are used in the photography and textile in
Used with neodymium to make lenses for glass maker's goggles since it filters out the yellow light present in gl
Used in making artificial ruby for lasers. Also in ceramics and for a special lens with praseodymium. Also to pro
It has been used as a source of radioactivity for thickness-measuring gages.
It is used in the electronics and ceramics industries. It is easily magnetized and very difficult to demagnetize. T
Used with yttrium oxide to make red phosphors for color televisions.
Used in steel alloying agents and the manufacture of electronic components.
It is used in modest amounts in special lasers and solid-state devices.
Its uses are limited to the experimental and esoteric.
It has very few practical applications; however, it has some unusual magnetic properties that ofer some hope f
Erbium oxide is used in ceramics to obtain a pink glaze. Also a few uses in the nuclear industry and as an alloyi
Radioactive thulium is used to power portable x-ray machines, eliminating the need for electrical equipment.
Used in metallurgical and chemical experiments.
It has no practical applications.
Used in reactor control rods because of its ability to absorb neutrons.
Often used as an economical substitute for platinum. Tantalum pentoxide is used in capacitors and in camera le
Made into filaments for vacuum tubes and electric lights. Also as contact points in cars. Combined with calcium
Mixed with tungsten or platinum to make filaments for mass spectrographs. Its main value is as a trace alloying
Used to tip gold pen points, instrument pivots, to make electric light filaments. Used for high temp. alloys and p
Used with osmium to tip gold pen points, to make crucible and special containers. Also to make alloys used for
Used in jewelry, to make crucible and special containers and as a catalyst. Used with cobalt to produce very str
Very malleable. Used in electronics, jewelry and coins. It is a good reflector of infrared radiation, so a thin film o
Used in thermometers, barometers, and batteries. Also used in electrical switches and mercury-vapor lighting p
Its compounds are used in rat and ant poisons. Also for detecting infrared radiation.
Used in solder, shielding against radiation and in batteries.
Main use is in pharmaceuticals and low melting point alloys used as fuses.
Used in industrial equipment that eliminates static electricity caused by such processes as rolling paper, wire, a
Since its isotopes have such short half-lives there are no commercially significant compounds of astatine.
Used to treat some forms of cancer.
Since its isotopes have such short half-lives there are no commercially significant compounds of francium.
Used in treating cancer because of the gamma rays it gives of.
It has no significant commercial applications.
Used in making strong alloys. Also in ultraviolet photoelectric cells. It is a common ingredient in high-quality len
For many centuries it was used as a pigment for glass. Now it is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors and in bombs
Used in bombs and reactors. Small quantities are used in thermo-electric generators.
Americium-241 is currently used in smoke detectors.
274870914.xls
PROPERIES OF THE ELEMENTS (TABLE 2)

Element
Hydrogen
Helium
Lithium
Beryllium
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Fluorine
Neon
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
TItanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Group Period Atomic No.Atomic Mass (amu)

Melting Point (K)Boiling Point (K)Density (g/cm^3)
1a
8a
1a
2a
3a
4a
5a
6a
7a
8a
1a
2a
3a
4a
5a
6a
7a
8a
1a
2a
3b
4b
5b
6b
7b
8b
8b
8b
1b
2b
3a
4a
5a
6a
7a
8a
1a
2a
3b
4b
5b
6b
7b
8b
8b
8b
1b
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
1.0079
4.0026
6.941
9.0122
10.81
12.011
14.07
15.9994
18.998
20.1797
22.9898
24.305
26.9815
28.0855
30.9738
32.066
35.4527
39.948
39.0983
40.078
44.9559
47.88
50.9415
51.996
54.93805
55.847181
58.9332
58.69
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.9216
78.96
79.904
83.8
85.4678
87.62
88.9059
91.224
92.9064
95.94
97.9072
101.07
102.90552236
106.42
107.8682
Page 37
13.96
0.95
453.69
1560
2450
3920
63.18
54.36
53.53
24.55
370.95
923
933.52
1685
317.25
388.36
172.17
83.77
336.9
1123
1812
1943
2190
2130
1517
1810
1767
1728
1357.7
692.8
302.93
1213
490
265.9
115.95
312
1042
1803
2125
2750
2883
2523
2700
2236
1827
1235.08
20.39
4.215
1619.16
2757.15
3931.15
5100.15
77.35
90.188
85.01
27.102
1154.55
1378.15
2720
2953
553.15
717.824
239.1
87.28
1038.7
1757.15
3003
3562
3682
2945
2393
3145.5
3170.3
3193
2855
1184
2253
3125
885(s)
958
331.91
119.75
967
1654
3577
4777
5136
4919
4840
4392
4000
3213
2437
0.00
0.00
0.53
1.85
2.46
2.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.97
1.74
2.70
2.33
1.83
1.96
0.00
0.00
0.87
1.55
2.992
4.507
6.1
7.19
7.3
7.86
8.9
8.9
8.92
7.1
5.903
5.323
5.72
4.48
3.1028
0.0037
1.53
2.6
4.478
6.52
8.57
10.2
11.487
12.45
12.41
12.023
10.5
274870914.xls
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Cesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodynium
Neodynium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astinine
Radon
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
2b
3a
4a
5a
6a
7a
8a
1a
2a
3b
4b
5b
6b
7b
8b
8b
8b
1b
2b
3a
4a
5a
6a
7a
8a
1a
2a
3b
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
114.411
114.82
118.71
121.75
127.6
126.9045
131.29
132.9054
137.327
138.9055
140.115
140.90765
144.24
144.9127
150.36
151.965
157.25
158.9253
162.5
164.9303
167.26
168.9342
173.04
174.967
178.49
180.9479
183.85
186.207
190.2
192.22
195.08
196.9665
200.59
204.3833
207.2
208.9804
208.9824527
209.9871
222.0176
223.0197
226.0254
227.0278
232.0381
231.0359
238.0289
237.0482
244.0642
243.0614
247.0703
247.0703
Page 38
594.26
429.78
505.12
903.89
722.8
386.8
161.35
302
998.3
1193
1068
1192
1292
1353
1345.3
1099
1579
1629
1773
1734
1770
1818
1097
1925
1495
3258
3680
3453
3000
2727
2045
1337.58
234.29
576.3
600.65
544.59
527
575
202
300
973
1323
2023
1500
1403
903
912.8
1267
1620
1558
1040
2343
2896
1913
1282
457.39
165.1
951.7
2122.2
3743
3743
3403
3384
3000
2076
1713
3273
3073
2873
2873
3173
2003
1703
3603
4723
5786
5936
5960
5770
4662
4097
3081
629.81
1760
2024
1852
1235
607
211
8.542
7.28
7.28
6.684
6.24
4.66
0.005987
1.8785
3.59
6.174
6.77
6.782
7.004
2010
3603
5060
4300
4200
3508
2870
3243
7.536
5.259
7.895
8.272
8.536
8.803
9.051
9.332
6.977
9.842
13.31
15.5
19.35
21.04
22.61
22.65
21.45
19.3
13.545
11.8
11.34
9.8
11.71
15.37
19.05
20.45
19.82
13.67
13.51
13.25
274870914.xls
Californium
Einstienium
Fermium
Mendeleevium
Nolelium
Lawrencium
Ruthefordium
Hanium
Seaborgium
4b
5b
6b
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
251.0796
252.083
257.0951
258.1
259.1009
262.11
261.11
262.114
263.118
Page 39
1170
274870914.xls
Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)Atomic Radius ()Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)
1312
2,372.30
520
899.40
800.60
1086.4
1,402.30
1313.9
1,681.00
2,080.60
495.80
737.70
577.60
786.40
1011.7
999.58
1251.1
1520.5
418.80
589.80
631
658
650
652.80
717.40
759.30
758
736.70
745.40
906.40
578.80
762.1
947
940.90
1,139.90
1350.7
403.00
549.50
616
660
664
684.90
702
711
720
805
731.00
0.32
0.50
1.55
1.12
0.98
0.91
0.92
0.73
0.72
0.71
1.9
1.60
1.43
1.32
1.28
1.27
0.99
0.98
2.35
1.97
1.606
1.448
1.321
1.249
1.24
1.241
1.253
1.246
1.278
1.332
1.41
1.37
1.39
1.4
1.14
1.12
2.48
2.15
1.81
1.6
1.429
1.362
1.358
1.325
1.345
1.375
1.444
72.80
-21
59.80
-240
27
122.30
-7
141.10
328.00
-29
52.70
-230
45
133.60
71.70
200.42
348.80
-35
48.36
-156
20
50
64
24
70
111
118.30
29
120
77
194.96
324.60
-39
46.89
-168
0
50
96
96
70
110
120
60
125.70
Page 40
274870914.xls
867.70
558.30
708.60
833.70
869.20
1,008.40
1170.4
375.70
502.90
538.10
527.80
523
530
535
543
547
592
564
572
581
589
596
603
524
642
761
770
760
840
880
870
890.10
1,007.00
589.30
715.50
703.30
812
1037
509.30
498.80
587
568
584
597
585
578.20
581
601
1.489
1.66
1.62
1.59
1.6
1.33
1.31
2.67
2.22
1.877
1.825
1.828
1.821
1.81
1.802
2.042
1.802
1.782
1.773
1.766
1.757
1.78
1.94
1.734
1.564
1.43
1.37
1.37
1.34
1.357
1.38
1.442
1.6
1.71
1.75
1.7
1.76
1.42
1.4
2.7
2.2
1.878
1.798
1.606
1.385
1.31
1.51
29
121
101
190.15
295.30
-41
45.49
-52
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
60
60
14
110
150
205.30
222.74
30
110
110
180
270
-41
44.00
Page 41
274870914.xls
608
619
627
635
642
Page 42
PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS (TABLE 1)

Element
Hydrogen (H)
Helium (He)
Lithium (Li)
Beryllium (Be)
Boron (B)
Carbon (C)
Nitrogen (N)
Oxygen (O)
Fluorine (F)
Neon (Ne)
Sodium (Na)
Magnesium (Mg)
Aluminum (Al)
Silicon (Si)
Phosphorus (P)
Sulfur (S)
Chlorine (Cl)
Argon (Ar)
Potassium (K)
Calcium (Ca)
Scandium (Sc)
Titanium (Ti)
Vanadium (V)
Chromium (Cr)
Manganese (Mn)
Iron (Fe)
Cobalt (Co)
Nickel (Ni)
Copper (Cu)
Zinc (Zn)
Gallium (Ga)
Germanium (Ge)
Arsenic (As)
Selenium (Se)
Bromine (Br)
Krypton (Kr)
Rubidium (Rb)
Strontium (Sr)
Yttrium (Y)
Zirconium (Zr)
Niobium (Nb)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Technetium (Tc)
Ruthenium (Ru)
Rhodium (Rh)
Palladium (Pd)
Silver (Ag)
Cadmium (Cd)
AtomicSymbol Atomic Boiling point Melting point Density ( Heat

1 H
1.01
20.46
13.96
71
2 He
4
4.26
3.46
126
3 Li
6.94
1603.16
453.66
530
4 Be
9.01
3043.16
1550.16
1850
5 B
10.81
2303.16
2340
6 C
12.01
5103.16
4000.16
2260
7 N
14.01
77.36
63.16
810
8 O
16
90.16
54.36
1140
9 F
19
84.96
53.56
1505
10 Ne
20.18
27.16
24.56
1200
11 Na
22.99
1165.16
370.96
970
12 Mg
24.31
1380.16
923.16
1740
13 Al
26.98
2723.16
933.16
2700
14 Si
28.09
2953.16
1683.16
2330
15 P
30.98
16 S
32.06
717.76
392.16
2070
17 Cl
35.45
238.46
172.16
1560
18 Ar
39.95
87.36
83.76
1400
19 K
39.1
1033.16
336.86
860
20 Ca
40.08
1713.16
1111.16
1550
21 Sc
44.96
3003.16
1812.16
3000
22 Ti
47.9
3533.16
1941.16
4510
23 V
50.94
3723.16
2173.16
6100
24 Cr
52
2938.16
2148.16
7190
25 Mn
54.94
2423.16
1518.16
7430
26 Fe
55.85
3273.16
1809.16
7860
27 Co
58.93
3173.16
1768.16
8900
28 Ni
58.71
3003.16
1726.16
8900
29 Cu
63.54
2868.16
1356.16
8960
30 Zn
65.37
1179.16
692.66
7140
31 Ga
69.72
2510.16
302.96
5910
32 Ge
72.59
3103.16
1210.56
5320
33 As
74.99
886.16
1090.16
5720
34 Se
78.96
958.16
490.16
4790
35 Br
79.91
331.16
265.96
3120
36 Kr
83.8
121.16
115.86
2600
37 Rb
85.47
961.16
312.06
1530
38 Sr
87.62
1653.16
1041.16
2600
39 Y
88.91
40 Zr
91.22
3853.16
2125.16
6490
41 Nb
92.91
3573.16
2741.16
8400
42 Mo
95.94
5833.16
2883.16
10200
43 Tc
96.91
44 Ru
101.1
5173.16
2773.16
12200
45 Rh
102.9
4773.16
2239.16
12400
46 Pd
106.4
4253.16
1825.16
12000
47 Ag
107.9
2483.16
1233.96
10500
48 Cd
112.4
1038.16
594.06
8650
vapour (k
0.45
0.08
136.01
309.46
536.01
719.01
2.79
3.41
3.16
1.77
101.01
136.17
284.34
170.02
12.6
10.22
6.53
79.15
153.85
339.2
445.98
443.89
305.57
224.87
354.27
389.45
381.07
304.86
114.74
284.76
32.45
13.99
14.99
9.05
75.8
141.54
502.51
536.01
619.77
531.83
376.88
254.19
100.08
Indium (In)
Tin (Sn)
Antimony (Sb)
Tellurium (Te)
Iodine (I)
Xenon (Xe)
Cesium (Cs)
Barium (Ba)
Lanthanum (La)
Cerium (Ce)
Praseodymium (Pr)
Neodymium (Nd)
Promethium (Pm)
Samarium (Sm)
Europium (Eu)
Gadolinium (Gd)
Terbium (Tb)
Dysprosium (Dy)
Holmium (Ho)
Erbium (Er)
Thulium (Tm)
Ytterbium (Yb)
Lutetium (Lu)
Hafnium (Hf)
Tantalum (Ta)
Wolfram (W)
Rhenium (Re)
Osmium (Os)
Iridium (Ir)
Platinum (Pt)
Gold (Au)
Mercury (Hg)
Thallium (Tl)
Lead (Pb)
Bismuth (Bi)
Polonium (Po)
Astatine (At)
Radon (Rn)
Francium (Fr)
Radium (Ra)
Actinium (Ac)
Thorium (Th)
Protactinium (Pa)
Uranium (U)
Neptunium (Np)
Plutonium (Pu)
Americium (Am)
Curium (Cm)
Berkelium (Bk)
Californium (Cf)
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
114.8
118.7
121.8
127.6
126.9
131.3
132.9
137.3
138.9
140.1
140.9
144.2
144.9
150.4
152
157.3
158.9
162.5
164.9
167.3
168.9
173
175
178.5
181
183.9
186.2
190.2
192.2
195.1
197
200.6
204.4
207.2
209
209
210
222
223
226
227
232
231
238
237
242
243.1
247.1
247.1
251.1
2273.16
2543.16
1653.16
429.36
505.06
903.66
7310
7300
6620
224.87
293.13
195.14
456.16
165.16
963.16
1913.16
3743.16
3741.16
3400.16
3300.16
386.86
161.26
301.86
987.16
1193.16
1068.16
1208.16
1297.16
4940
3060
1900
3500
6170
6670
6770
7000
21.78
12.65
68.26
149.5
402.01
397.82
330.82
288.94
2173.16
1712.16
3273.16
3073.16
2873.16
2873.16
3173.16
2000.16
1700.16
3600.16
5673.16
5698.16
6203.16
6173.16
5773.16
1345.16
1099.16
1585.16
1629.16
1680.16
1734.16
1770.16
1818.16
1097.16
1925.16
2495.16
3269.16
3683.16
3453.16
3273.16
7540
5260
7890
8270
8540
8800
9050
9330
6980
9840
13100
16600
19300
21000
22600
192.63
175.88
301.51
293.13
280.57
280.57
280.57
247.07
159.13
376.88
649.08
753.77
774.71
636.52
678.39
4803.16
3243.16
630.16
1730.16
1998.16
1833.16
2042.16
1336.16
234.76
576.16
600.56
544.46
21400
19300
13600
11850
11400
9800
510.89
342.55
58.21
162.48
176.72
178.81
973.16
5000
114.74
4123.16
2023.16
11700
4091.16
1405.16
910.16
913.16
19070
19500
3508.16
460.64
394.89
365.16
Einsteinium (Es)
Fermium (Fm)
Mendelevium (Md)
Nobelium (No)
Lawrencium (Lr)
?? (Rf)
?? (Ha)
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
Rf
Ha
254.1
257.1
257.1
255.1
256.1
Heat fusion (k Th CondSpecific Heat Capacity (J/kg/K)

0.06
0.17
14447.24
0.02
0.13
5234.51
3.02
10.8
71.19
3308.21
11.73
25
159.13
1884.42
22.19
0
1293.97
0.07
23.87
690.95
0.36
0.03
1034.34
0.22
0.03
912.9
0.26
753.77
0.34
0.04
2.6
21.8
134
1235.34
8.96
22.4
159.13
1046.9
10.68
38.2
209.38
900.34
46.48
10
83.75
678.39
1.42
3.22
1.18
2.3
8.79
15.91
15.49
17.59
13.82
14.66
15.37
15.24
17.63
13.02
7.37
5.61
31.83
27.72
5.23
5.28
1.63
2.3
8.79
14.3
21.8
1.5
2.4
4
7.8
5.4
10
16
14.5
59.3
16.7
5.8
2.2
2.9
8
0
16.75
26.8
27.64
2.4
8
19
25.54
21.78
16.75
11.31
6.11
10
22
9.3
61.6
14.6
0.29
0.01
0.02
96.31
125.63
6.28
67
75.38
67
92.13
393.63
113.07
58.63
0
732.83
485.76
523.45
741.21
623.95
544.39
527.64
502.51
460.64
481.57
460.64
414.57
439.7
385.26
383.17
330.82
305.7
343.38
351.76
293.13
0.01
8
4.3
335.01
737.02
52.35
146.57
276.38
272.19
255.44
87.94
71.19
410.39
92.13
238.69
247.07
242.88
234.51
230.32
3.27
7.2
19.85
11.1
8.8
2.6
23.87
67
20.94
238.69
226.13
205.19
7.83
2.3
2.09
7.66
6.28
5.03
6.7
7.12
0.42
0.04
217.76
5.3
1.6
1.7
1.3
1.5
1.3
8.79
9.21
15.49
16.33
17.17
17.17
17.17
18.43
7.54
19.26
21.78
28.48
33.71
33.08
26.8
1.1
1.2
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
3.5
1.5
3.1
8.1
18.1
5.1
11
19.68
12.69
2.35
4.27
5.11
10.89
9.5
42
1.1
5.5
4.6
0.9
13.82
10.89
11.73
12.98
8.79
10.05
9.63
92.13
54.44
167.5
71.19
71.19
297.32
8.38
38.94
34.76
8.38
217.76
284.76
188.44
175.88
201.01
188.44
175.88
163.32
297.32
184.25
171.69
163.32
167.5
159.13
146.57
154.94
146.57
150.75
134
138.19
129.82
134
129.82
138.19
129.82
129.82
142.38
10.05
19.26
5.5
11.31
3.4
142.38
26.8
117.25
BP (K)
MP (K)
Density
at. wt.
Most stable oxidation State
covalent radius
At. Radius (angstroms)
At. #
Symbol
Name
hydrogen
helium
lithium
beryllium
boron
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
fluorine
neon
sodium
magnesium
aluminum
silicon
phosphorus
sulfur
chlorine
argon
potassium
calcium
scandium
titanium
vanadium
chromium
manganese
iron
cobalt
nickel
copper
zinc
gallium
germanium
arsenic
selenium
bromine
krypton
rubidium
strontium
yttrium
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
H
He
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
Rb
Sr
Y
20.28
4.216
1615
3243
4275
5100
77.344
90.188
85
27.1
1156
1380
2740
2630
553
717.82
239.18
87.45
1033
1757
3109
3560
3650
2945
2235
3023
3143
3005
2840
1180
2478
3107
876
958
331.85
120.85
961
1655
3611
13.81
0.95
453.7
1560
2365
3825
63.15
54.8
53.55
24.55
371
922
933.5
1683
317.3
392.2
172.17
83.95
336.8
1112
1814
1935
2163
2130
1518
1808
1768
1726
1356.6
692.73
302.92
1211.5
1090
494
265.95
116
312.63
1042
1795
0.0899
0.1785
0.53
1.85
2.34
2.26
1.251
1.429
1.696
0.9
0.97
1.74
2.7
2.33
1.82
2.07
3.214
1.784
0.86
1.55
2.99
4.54
6.11
7.19
7.44
7.874
8.9
8.9
8.96
7.13
5.91
5.32
5.78
4.79
3.12
3.75
1.532
2.54
4.47
1.00797
4.0026
6.941
9.01218
10.811
12.011
14.0067
15.9994
18.9984
20.1797
22.98977
24.305
26.98154
28.0855
30.97376
32.066
35.4527
39.948
39.0983
40.078
44.9559
47.88
50.9415
51.996
54.938
55.847
58.9332
58.6934
63.456
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.9216
78.96
79.904
83.8
85.4678
87.62
88.9059
1
0
1
2
3
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
3
4
3
2
2
2
2
3
4
3
4
1
0
1
2
3
0.32
0.93
1.23
0.9
0.82
0.77
0.75
0.73
0.72
0.71
1.54
1.36
1.18
1.11
1.06
1.02
0.99
0.98
2.03
1.74
1.44
1.32
1.22
1.18
1.17
1.17
1.16
1.15
1.17
1.25
1.26
1.22
1.2
1.16
1.14
1.89
2.16
1.91
1.62
0.79
0.49
2.05
1.4
1.17
0.91
0.75
0.65
0.57
0.51
2.23
1.72
1.62
1.44
1.23
1.09
0.97
0.88
2.77
2.23
2.09
2
1.92
1.85
1.79
1.72
1.67
1.62
1.57
1.53
1.81
1.52
1.33
1.22
1.12
1.03
2.98
2.45
2.27
zirconium
niobium
molybdenum
technetium
ruthenium
rhodium
palladium
silver
cadmium
indium
tin
antimony
tellurium
iodine
xenon
cesium
barium
lanthanum
cerium
praseodymium
neodymium
promethium
samarium
europium
gadolinium
terbium
dysprosium
holmium
erbium
thulium
ytterbium
lutetium
hafnium
tantalum
tungsten
rhenium
osmium
iridium
platinum
gold
mercury
thallium
lead
bismuth
polonium
astatine
radon
francium
radium
actinium
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Cs
Ba
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
Fr
Ra
Ac
4682
5015
4912
4538
4425
3970
3240
2436
1040
2350
2876
1860
1261
457.5
165.1
944
2078
3737
3715
3785
3347
3273
2067
1800
3545
3500
2840
2968
3140
2223
1469
3668
4875
5730
5825
5870
5300
4700
4100
3130
629.88
1746
2023
1837
1235
610
211.4
950
1413
3470
2128
2742
2896
2477
2610
2236
1825
1235.08
594.26
429.78
505.12
903.91
722.72
386.7
161.39
301.54
1002
1191
1071
1204
1294
1315
1347
1095
1585
1629
1685
1747
1802
1818
1092
1936
2504
3293
3695
3455
3300
2720
2042.1
1337.58
234.31
577
600.65
544.59
527
575
202
300
973
1324
6.51
8.57
10.22
11.5
12.37
12.41
12
10.5
8.65
7.31
7.31
6.69
6.24
4.93
5.9
1.87
3.59
6.15
6.77
6.77
7.01
7.22
2.75
5.24
7.9
8.23
8.55
8.8
9.07
9.32
6.97
9.84
13.31
16.65
19.3
21
22.6
22.6
21.45
19.3
13.55
11.85
11.35
9.75
9.3
9.73
5
10.07
91.224
92.9064
95.94
98
101.07
102.9055
106.42
107.868
112.41
114.82
118.71
121.757
127.6
126.9045
131.29
132.9054
137.33
138.9055
140.12
140.9077
144.24
145
150.36
151.965
157.25
158.9253
162.5
164.9303
167.26
168.9342
173.04
174.967
178.49
180.9479
183.85
186.207
190.2
192.22
195.08
196.9665
200.59
204.383
207.2
208.9804
209
210
222
223
226.0254
227
4
5
6
7
3
3
2
1
2
3
4
3
4
1
0
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
4
4
4
3
2
1
2
3
4
1
0
1
2
3
1.45
1.34
1.3
1.27
1.25
1.25
1.28
1.34
1.41
1.44
1.41
1.4
1.36
1.33
1.31
2.35
1.98
1.25
1.65
1.65
1.64
1.63
1.62
1.85
1.61
1.59
1.59
1.58
1.57
1.56
1.7
1.56
1.44
1.34
1.3
1.28
1.26
1.27
1.3
1.34
1.49
1.48
1.47
1.46
1.53
1.47
2.16
2.08
2.01
1.95
1.89
1.83
1.79
1.75
1.71
2
1.72
1.53
1.42
1.32
1.24
3.34
2.76
2.74
2.7
2.67
2.64
2.62
2.59
2.56
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.47
2.45
2.42
2.4
2.25
2.16
2.09
2.02
1.97
1.92
1.87
1.83
1.79
1.76
2.08
1.81
1.63
1.53
1.43
1.34
2.7
2.23
1.88
thorium
protactinium
uranium
neptunium
plutonium
americium
curium
berkelium
californium
einsteinium
fermium
mendelevium
nobelium
lawrencium
rutherfordium
hahnium
seaborgium
hassium
bohrium
meitnerium
ununnilium
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
Rf
Ha
Sg
Hs
Bh
Mt
Uun
5060
4300
4407
4175
3505
2880
2028
1845
1408
912
913
1449
1620
1620
1170
1170
1130
1800
1100
1900
11.72
15.4
18.95
20.2
19.84
13.7
13.5
14
232.0381
231.0359
238.029
237.0482
244
243
247
247
251
252
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
262
265
266
4
5
6
5
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1.65
1.42
1.08
1.8
1.61
1.38
1.3
1.51
1.84
0.93
1.31
1.61
1.9
2.19
2.58
3.16
0.82
1
1.36
1.54
1.63
1.66
1.55
1.83
1.88
1.91
1.9
1.65
1.81
2.01
2.16
2.55
2.96
0.82
0.95
1.22
orbitla
0.98
1.57
2.04
2.55
3.04
3.44
3.98
Group
2.2
Family
0.36
0.222
0.26
0.34
2.601
8.95
10.7
50.2
0.63
1.73
3.21
1.188
2.33
8.53
16.11
18.6
22.8
20
14.64
13.8
16.19
17.2
13.14
7.38
5.59
31.8
27.7
5.54
5.286
1.638
2.34
8.2
17.15
0.4581
0.084
147.1
297
507.8
715
2.7928
3.4109
3.2698
1.77
98.01
127.6
290.8
359
12.4
10
10.2
6.506
76.9
154.67
304.8
425.2
446.7
339.5
219.74
349.5
373.3
377.5
300.5
115.3
256.06
334.3
32.4
26.32
14.725
9.029
69.2
136.9
393.3
Years Since Discovery
0.02598
0.2674
0.0279
0.0493
141
20.1
156
22.4
237
37.7
148
0.0004
0.235
1E-016
0.269
5E-016
0.0089
0.0177
102.5
16.4
200
31.3
15.8
1.5
21.9
2.6
30.7
4
93.7
7.9
7.82
0.5
80.2
11.2
100
17.9
90.7
14.6
401
60.7
116
16.9
40.6
1.8
59.9
0.000003
50
3.8
2.04
8
0.122
1E-016
0.00949
58.2
47.8
3.53
5
17.2
1.8
heat of fusion
electrical conductivity
11.7
25
5E-012
0.07
0.0585
0.021
3
11.71
22.6
Electro- negativity
0.1815
0.152
84.7
200
27
Heat of Vaporization
3.582
1.825
1.026
0.709
1.042
0.92
0.824
1.03
1.23
1.02
0.9
0.7
0.769
0.71
0.48
0.52
0.757
0.647
0.568
0.523
0.489
0.449
0.48
0.449
0.421
0.444
0.385
0.388
0.371
0.32
0.33
0.32
0.226
0.248
0.363
0.3
0.3
thermal conductivity
specific heat capacity
First IP
13.598
24.587
5.392
9.322
5.298
11.26
14.534
13.618
17.422
21.564
5.139
7.646
5.986
8.151
10.486
10.36
12.967
15.759
4.341
6.113
6.54
6.82
6.74
6.766
7.435
7.87
7.86
7.635
7.726
9.394
5.999
7.899
9.81
9.752
11.814
13.999
4.177
5.695
6.38
249
147
198
217
207
*
243
241
149
117
208
207
190
191
346
*
241
121
208
207
145
224
185
218
241
*
280
264
*
765
140
129
765
198
189
117
154
225
187
Hydroge
Noble ga
Alkali M
Alkaline
Boron
Carbon
Pnictide
Chalcoge
Halogen
Noble ga
Alkali M
Alkaline
Boron
Carbon
Pnictide
Chalcoge
Halogen
Noble ga
Alkali M
Alkaline
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Boron
Carbon
Pnictide
Chalcoge
Halogen
Noble ga
Alkali M
Alkaline
Transiti
1
18
1
2
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
s
s
s
s
p
p
p
p
p
p
s
s
p
p
p
p
p
s
s
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
p
p
p
p
p
p
s
s
d
6.34
6.88
7.099
7.28
7.37
7.46
8.34
7.576
8.993
5.786
7.344
8.641
9.009
10.451
12.13
3.894
5.212
5.58
5.54
5.46
5.53
5.554
5.64
5.67
6.15
5.86
5.94
6.018
6.101
6.184
6.254
5.43
6.65
7.89
7.98
7.88
8.7
9.1
9
9.225
10.437
6.108
7.416
7.289
8.42
0.278
0.265
0.25
0.24
0.238
0.242
0.244
0.235
0.232
0.233
0.228
0.207
0.202
0.145
0.158
0.24
0.204
0.19
0.19
0.193
0.19
10.748
0.094
5.279
5.17
0.094
0.12
0.197
0.182
0.236
0.18
0.173
0.165
0.168
0.16
0.155
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.137
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.128
0.14
0.129
0.129
0.122
22.7
53.7
138
50.6
117
150
71.8
429
96.8
81.6
66.6
24.3
2.35
0.449
0.00569
35.9
18.4
13.5
11.4
12.5
16.5
17.9
1.3.3
13.9
10.6
11.1
10.7
16.2
14.3
16.8
34.9
16.4
23
57.5
174
47.9
87.6
147
71.6
317
8.34
46.1
35.3
7.87
20
1.7
0.00364
15
18.6
12
2.3
6.6
17.3
0.001
14.9
23
10
62.9
14.7
3.4
8.7
2.6
0.0002
1E-011
5.3
2.8
1.9
1.4
1.5
1.6
2
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
3.7
1.5
3.4
8.1
18.2
5.8
12.3
21.3
9.4
48.8
1
5.6
4.8
0.9
0.7
21
26.9
36
23
25.52
21.76
16.74
11.3
6.07
3.26
7.2
19.83
17.49
7.76
2.3
2.092
8.01
11.3
9.2
10.04
10.88
590.5
690.1
590.4
502
567.77
495.39
393.3
250.63
99.87
226.335
290.37
67.97
50.63
20.9
12.64
67.74
140.2
399.57
313.8
332.63
283.68
11.09
10.46
15.48
191.63
175.73
311.71
11.06
17.15
17.15
16.8
7.7
18.6
21.76
36
35.4
33.05
29.29
26.36
19.66
12.36
2.292
4.27
4.77
11
13
12
2.9
2.1
8.37
230
251.04
292.88
191
128
355
661.07
737
422.58
707.1
627.6
563.58
510.45
324.43
59.3
162.09
177.9
179
120
30
16.4
64
136.82
1.33
1.6
2.16
1.9
2.2
2.28
2.2
1.93
1.69
1.78
1.96
2.05
2.1
2.66
0.79
0.89
1.1
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.13
1.17
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.1
1.27
1.3
1.5
2.36
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.28
2.54
2
2.04
2.33
2.02
2
2.2
0.7
0.9
1.1
226
151
233
78
171
212
212
*
198
91
*
415
233
204
117
155
207
176
212
130
174
74
136
114
129
172
129
137
173
136
108
108
92
213
232
90
212
212
280
*
*
154
*
262
117
75
115
76
117
116
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Boron
Carbon
Pnictide
Chalcoge
Halogen
Noble ga
Alkali M
Alkaline
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Boron
Carbon
Pnictide
Chalcoge
Halogen
Noble ga
Alkali M
Alkaline
Rare Ear
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
2
3
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
p
p
p
p
p
p
s
s
d
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
p
p
p
p
p
p
s
s
d
6.01
5.89
6.05
6.19
6.06
5.993
6.02
6.23
6.3
6.42
6.5
6.58
6.65
0.113
0.12
0.13
54
47
27.6
6.3
6.74
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7.1
5.6
3.6
0.8
0.7
0.7
15.65
543.92
15.48
422.58
1.3
1.5
1.38
1.36
1.28
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
187
102
226
75
75
71
71
66
65
63
63
60
57
54
51
48
41
39
33
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Rare Ear
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
Transiti
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
2
5
2
5
4
3
3
4
6
2
3
3
3
1
5
-2
5
2
4
6
5
3
2
7
6
7
2
6
1.40E+03
8.00E-03
2.00E+01
2.80E+00
1.00E+01
2.00E+02
1.90E+01
4.61E+05
5.85E+02
5.00E-03
2.36E-04
2.33E+04
8.23E+04
2.82E+05
1.05E+03
3.50E+02
1.45E+02
3.50E+00
2.09E+04
4.15E+04
2.20E+01
5.65E+03
1.20E+02
1.02E+02
9.50E+02
5.63E+04
2.50E+01
8.40E+01
6.00E+01
7.00E+01
1.90E+01
1.50E+00
1.80E+00
5.00E-02
2.40E+00
1.00E-04
9.00E+01
3.70E+02
3.30E+01
1.08E+05
7.00E-16
1.80E-01
5.60E-06
4.44E+00
2.80E+01
5.00E+01
8.57E+05
1.30E+00
1.20E-04
1.08E+04
1.29E+03
2.00E-03
2.20E+00
6.00E-02
9.05E+02
1.94E+04
4.50E-01
3.99E+02
4.12E+02
6.00E-07
1.00E-03
2.50E-03
3.00E-04
2.00E-04
2.00E-03
2.00E-05
5.60E-14
2.50E-14
4.90E-03
3.00E-05
5.00E-05
3.70E-03
2.00E-04
6.73E+01
2.10E-04
1.20E-01
7.20E+00
1.30E-05
1.00E+01
7.00E-05
2.30E+01
2.60E+00
6.10E+01
3.30E-03
1.40E-01
2.70E-02
9.00E-05
2.60E-02
1.10E+00
2.00E-01
1.20E-01
2.00E-01
1.40E+00
3.00E-06
2.00E-05
6.00E-03
2.00E-06
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
3.30E-03
2.90E-04
4.60E-04
4.60E-04
length of name
% human body mass
mg/L seawater
mg/kg crust
4th most stable oxidation state
3rd most stable oxidation state
2nd most stable oxidation state
Metal or Non-metal
M
N
M
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
M
M
M
N
N
N
N
N
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
N
N
N
N
M
M
M
8
6
7
9
5
6
8
6
8
4
6
9
8
7
10
6
8
5
9
7
8
8
8
8
9
4
6
6
6
4
7
9
7
8
7
7
8
9
7
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
N
N
N
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
N
N
M
M
M
3
5
4
2
4
2
5
-2
5
2
2
4
6
7
4
4
4
2
2
4
2
2
5
4
3
2
2
1
1
3
4
5
2
3
2
4
6
6
3
6
5
3
2
8
6
1.65E+02
2.00E+01
1.20E+00
3.00E-05
1.00E-05
1.00E-02
1.00E-03
1.00E-03
1.50E-02
7.50E-02
1.50E-01
2.50E-01
2.30E+00
2.00E-01
1.00E-03
4.50E-01
3.00E-05
3.00E+00
4.25E+02
3.90E+01
6.65E+01
9.20E+00
4.15E+01
7.00E-07
7.05E+00
2.00E+00
6.20E+00
1.20E+00
5.20E+00
1.30E+00
3.50E+00
5.20E-01
3.20E+00
8.00E-01
3.00E+00
2.00E+00
1.25E+00
7.00E-04
1.50E-03
1.00E-03
5.00E-03
4.00E-03
8.50E-02
8.50E-01
1.40E-01
8.50E-03
2.00E-10
4.50E-07
1.30E-07
7.00E-07
1.40E-07
9.10E-07
2.20E-07
8.70E-07
1.70E-07
8.20E-07
1.50E-07
7.00E-06
2.00E-06
1.00E-04
4.00E-06
4.00E-13
6.00E-16
9.00E-07
5.50E-10
8.90E-11
4.00E-05
1.10E-04
2.00E-03
4.00E-06
2.40E-04
6.00E-02
5.00E-05
3.00E-04
1.30E-02
3.40E-06
1.20E-06
6.40E-07
2.80E-06
4.00E-03
3.00E-05
1.90E-05
3.00E-05
2.00E-05
1.40E-14
1.00E-05
7.00E-05
2.00E-05
2.00E-05
2.00E-06
3.00E-05
1.00E-05
1.70E-04
9
7
10
10
9
7
9
6
7
6
3
8
9
6
5
6
6
9
6
12
9
10
8
8
10
7
10
7
6
7
9
8
7
8
8
7
6
7
8
4
7
8
4
7
8
8
5
8
6
8
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
4
5
6
6
6
4
4
4
5
5
3
3
3
4
9.60E+00
1.40E-06
2.70E+00
1.00E-06
5.00E-11
3.20E-03
1.00E-07
7
12
7
9
9
9
6
9
11
11
7
11
8
10
13
7
10
7
7
10
10
Periodic Table Of Elements
XVIII
2
Atomic Number
The Atomic Number = the # of
protons an atom has.
1.008
Hydrogen
1
Li
Be
6.941
9.012
Lithium
2, 1
Beryllium
2, 2
11
24.305
Magnesium
2, 8, 2
19
20
21
IV
22
V
23
VI
24
25
VIII
26
IX
27
X
28
XI
29
30
Helium
2
XVII
9
10
Ne
10.811
12.011
14.007
15.999
18.998
20.18
Boron
2, 3
Carbon
2, 4
Nitrogen
2, 5
Oxygen
2, 6
Flourine
2, 7
13
XII
XVI
14
15
16
17
Neon
2, 8
18
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.066
35.453
39.948
Aluminum
2, 8, 3
Silicon
2, 8, 4
Phosphorous
2, 8, 5
Sulfur
2, 8, 6
Chlorine
2, 8, 7
Argon
2, 8, 8
31
32
33
34
35
36
Ca
Sc
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
40.078
44.956
47.88
50.942
51.996
54.938
55.847
58.933
58.69
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.8
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
2, 8, 8, 1
2, 8, 8, 2
2, 8, 9, 2
2, 8, 10, 2
2, 8, 11, 2
2, 8, 13, 1
2, 8, 13, 2
2, 8, 14, 2
2, 8, 15, 2
2, 8, 16, 2
2, 8, 18, 1
2, 8, 18, 2
2, 8, 18, 3
2, 8, 18, 4
2, 8, 18, 5
2, 8, 18, 6
2, 8, 18, 7
2, 8, 18, 8
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Kr
54
Rb
Sr
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
Xe
85.468
87.62
88.906
91.224
92.906
95.94
(98)
101.07
102.906
106.42
107.868
112.411
114.818
118.71
121.75
127.6
126.904
131.29
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
2, 8, 18, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 9, 2
2, 8, 18, 8, 1
56
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
72
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
73
2, 8, 18, 13, 1
74
Ba
Hf
132.905
137.327
180.948
180.948
183.85
Cesium
Barium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
104
105
87
88
2, 8, 18, 14, 1
75
Cs
6
VII
XV
55
III
XIV
39.098
37
Electron Configuration
Each # shows how many electrons fit in the energy
level. To find the total # of electrons add up the
numbers.
Mg
22.99
Sodium
2, 8, 1
4.003
XIII
Atomic Mass
The Atomic Mass = average mass
of an element's atom. We also
use it to find the # of neutrons an
atom has. Protons + neutrons =
atomic mass. Atomic Mass Atomic # = # of neutrons.
Strontium
2, 8, 18, 8, 2
12
Na
87.62
Element Name
This is the name of the element.
He
Element Symbol
One or two letter symbol used to
identify the element.
Sr
II
4
38
Ta
106
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
76
2, 8, 18, 16, 1
77
Re
2, 8, 18, 18, 0
78
Os
Ir
186.207
190.23
Rhenium
Osmium
2, 8, 18, 18, 1
79
2, 8, 18, 18, 2
80
Pt
Au
192.22
195.08
196.967
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Bi
2, 8, 18, 18, 8
86
204.383
207.2
208.98
(209)
(210)
(222)
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
Po
At
Rn
2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8
107
108
109
110
111
112
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Uum
Uuu
(261)
(262)
(263)
(262)
(265)
(266)
(269)
(272)
(272)
Francium
Radium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Ununnillum
Unununium
Ununbium
2, 8,18, 32, 32, 10,

2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

11, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

13, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

14, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

15, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

17, 1
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

18, 1
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

18, 2
59
2, 8, 18, 18, 7
85
200.59
Ra
58
2, 8, 18, 18, 6
84
Mercury
226.025
57
2, 8, 18, 18, 5
83
Pb
Fr
Legend
2, 4, 18, 18, 4
82
Tl
(223)
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8,

1
2
2, 8, 18, 18, 3
81
Hg
60
61
62
63
64
Uub
65
Gas
66
67
Liquid
68
Solid
69
70
71
Non-Metal
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
138.906
140.115
140.908
144.24
(145)
150.36
151.965
157.25
158.925
162.5
164.93
167.26
168.934
173.04
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Transition Metals
2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2
2, 8, 18, 20, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2
Other Metals
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Lu
174.967
103
Metalloids
Ac
Th
Pa
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Halogen
Noble Gases
227.028
232.038
231.036
238.029
237.048
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
(257)
(258)
(259)
(260)
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rare Earth
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9,

2
2, 8, 18, 32, 18,

10, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2
Lr
2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 23, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 26, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2, 8, 2, 18, 32, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 9,
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
8, 2
2
The alkali metals, found in group 1 of the periodic table (formerly known as group IA), are very reactive metals that do not occur freely in nature. These metals have only
one electron in their outer shell. Therefore, they are ready to lose that one electron in ionic bonding with other elements. As with all metals, the alkali metals are malleable,
ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity. The alkali metals are softer than most other metals. Cesium and francium are the most reactive elements in this
group. Alkali metals can explode if they are exposed to water.
The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of the periodic table. All alkaline earth elements have an oxidation number of +2, making them
very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature.
The 38 elements in groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table are called "transition metals". As with all metals, the transition elements are both ductile and malleable, and
conduct electricity and heat. The interesting thing about transition metals is that their valence electrons, or the electrons they use to combine with other elements, are present
in more than one shell. This is the reason why they often exhibit several common oxidation states. There are three noteworthy elements in the transition metals family. These
elements are iron, cobalt, and nickel, and they are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.
The 7 elements classified as "other metals" are located in groups 13, 14, and 15. While these elements are ductile and malleable, they are not the same as the transition
elements. These elements, unlike the transition elements, do not exhibit variable oxidation states, and their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell. All of these
elements are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque. They have oxidation numbers of +3, 4, and -3.
Metalloids are the elements found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals. This line is drawn from between Boron and Aluminum to the border
between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under "Other Metals". Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals.
Some of the metalloids, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property
makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators.
Non-metals are the elements in groups 14-16 of the periodic table. Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic
elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. The non-metals exist in two of the three states of matter at room temperature: gases (such
as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon). The non-metals have no metallic luster, and do not reflect light. They have oxidation numbers of 4, -3, and -2.
The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 7 of the periodic table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called
"salts". All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells, giving them an oxidation number of -1. The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter: solid,
liquid, and gas.
The six noble gases are found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960's, because their oxidation number of 0
prevents the noble gases from forming compounds readily. All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all others),
making them stable.
The thirty rare earth elements are composed of the lanthanide and actinide series. One element of the lanthanide series and most of the elements in the actinide series are
called trans-uranium, which means synthetic or man-made. All of the rare earth metals are found in group 3 of the periodic table, and the 6th and 7th periods. The Rare Earth
Elements are made up of two series of elements, the Lanthanide and Actinide Series.
Table created by Brigette Steinmetz
CSUN, 2004
Periodic Table Of Elements
XVIII
2
Atomic Number
The Atomic Number = the # of
protons an atom has.
1.008
Hydrogen
1
Li
Be
6.941
9.012
Lithium
Beryllium
2, 1
2, 2
11
Na
Mg
24.305
Sodium
Magnesium
2, 8, 1
2, 8, 2
19
20
22
V
23
VI
24
VII
25
VIII
26
IX
27
X
28
XI
29
XV
7
XVI
8
Pe
2
XVII
9
10
Ne
10.811
12.011
14.007
15.999
18.998
20.18
Boron
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Flourine
Neon
2, 3
2, 4
2, 5
2, 6
2, 7
13
14
XII
30
XIV
15
16
17
2, 8
18
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
26.982
28.086
30.974
32.066
35.453
39.948
Aluminum
Silicon
Phosphorous
Sulfur
Chlorine
Argon
2, 8, 3
2, 8, 4
2, 8, 5
2, 8, 6
2, 8, 7
2, 8, 8
31
32
33
34
35
36
Ca
Sc
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
39.098
40.078
44.956
47.88
50.942
51.996
54.938
55.847
58.933
58.69
63.546
65.39
69.723
72.61
74.922
78.96
79.904
83.8
Potassium
Calcium
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Gallium
Germanium
Arsenic
Selenium
Bromine
Krypton
2, 8, 8, 1
2, 8, 8, 2
38
2, 8, 9, 2
39
2, 8, 10, 2
40
2, 8, 11, 2
41
2, 8, 13, 1
42
2, 8, 13, 2
43
2, 8, 14, 2
44
2, 8, 15, 2
45
2, 8, 16, 2
46
2, 8, 18, 1
47
2, 8, 18, 2
48
2, 8, 18, 3
49
2, 8, 18, 4
50
2, 8, 18, 5
51
2, 8, 18, 6
52
Kr
2, 8, 18, 7
53
2, 8, 18, 8
54
Rb
Sr
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
Xe
85.468
87.62
88.906
91.224
92.906
95.94
(98)
101.07
102.906
106.42
107.868
112.411
114.818
118.71
121.75
127.6
126.904
131.29
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Indium
Tin
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
2, 8, 18, 8, 1
2, 8, 18, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 9, 2
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
2, 8, 18, 13, 1
2, 8, 18, 14, 1
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
2, 8, 18, 16, 1
2, 8, 18, 18, 0
2, 8, 18, 18, 1
2, 8, 18, 18, 2
2, 8, 18, 18, 3
2, 4, 18, 18, 4
2, 8, 18, 18, 5
2, 8, 18, 18, 6
2, 8, 18, 18, 7
2, 8, 18, 18, 8
55
56
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
Hf
Ta
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
132.905
137.327
180.948
180.948
183.85
186.207
190.23
192.22
195.08
196.967
200.59
204.383
207.2
208.98
(209)
(210)
(222)
Cesium
Barium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Thallium
Lead
Bismuth
Polonium
Astatine
Radon
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1
87
21
IV
XIII
37
Electron Configuration
Each # shows how many electrons fit in the energy
level. To find the total # of electrons add up the
numbers.
III
4.003
Atomic Mass
The Atomic Mass = average mass
of an element's atom. We also
use it to find the # of neutrons an
atom has. Protons + neutrons =
atomic mass. Atomic Mass Atomic # = # of neutrons.
Strontium
2, 8, 18, 8, 2
12
22.99
87.62
Element Name
This is the name of the element.
He
Element Symbol
One or two letter symbol used to
identify the element.
Sr
II
4
38
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2
88
2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
104
2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2
105
2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
106
2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2
107
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
108
2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2
109
2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1
110
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
111
112
Fr
Ra
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Uum
Uuu
(223)
226.025
(261)
(262)
(263)
(262)
(265)
(266)
(269)
(272)
(272)
Francium
Radium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Ununnillum
Unununium
Ununbium
2, 8,18, 32, 32, 10,

2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

11, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12,

2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

13, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

14, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

15, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

17, 1
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

18, 1
2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

18, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8,

1
2
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
Rn
64
Uub
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
138.906
140.115
140.908
144.24
(145)
150.36
151.965
157.25
158.925
162.5
164.93
167.26
168.934
173.04
174.967
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2
2, 8, 18, 20, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2
2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Ac
Th
Pa
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
227.028
232.038
231.036
238.029
237.048
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
(257)
(258)
(259)
(260)
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9,

2
2, 8, 18, 32, 18,

10, 2
2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2
Table created by Brigette Steinmetz

CSUN< 2004
2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 23, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 26, 9, 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2, 8, 2, 18, 32, 32, 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 9,
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
8, 2
2

Sym Group Crystal Structure Atomic Number Atomic Weight

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Sym Group Crystal Structure Atomic Number Atomic Weight

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Name

Alkali Earth Metal

Cubic: Body centered

[Kr] 4d4 5s1

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4

0.226 10^6/cm ohm

0.0693 10^6/cm ohm

0.0219 10^6/cm ohm

24.8 10^-6 K^-1

7.3 10^-6 K^-1

From Niobe; daughter of the mythical Greek king Tantalus.

Named for Poland, native country of Marie Curie.

Shiny white, soft, ductile metal.

Silvery-gray, extremely rare, radioactive metal.

Sir Humphrey Davy

Pierre and Marie Curie

Occurs in pitchblende from decay of bismuth.

PROPERIES OF THE ELEMENTS (TABLE 2)

Group Period Atomic No.Atomic Mass (amu)

Ionization Energy (kJ/mol)Atomic Radius ()Electron Affinity (kJ/mol)

PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS (TABLE 1)

AtomicSymbol Atomic Boiling point Melting point Density ( Heat

Heat fusion (k Th CondSpecific Heat Capacity (J/kg/K)

Most stable oxidation State

At. Radius (angstroms)

Years Since Discovery

specific heat capacity

% human body mass

4th most stable oxidation state

3rd most stable oxidation state

2nd most stable oxidation state

Periodic Table Of Elements

2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2

2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2

2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2

2, 8,18, 32, 32, 10,

2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2

2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

2, 8, 18, 32, 32,

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8,

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9,

2, 8, 18, 32, 18,

2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2

Periodic Table Of Elements

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8

2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2

2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2