Field 1 Question and Problems

For 1
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS:

1. Why is it important to know the individuals pace factor?
It is important to know the individuals pace factor because it is a very
useful thing in the field of civil engineering most especially who are in a
surveying job where they might left in the materials like meter tape and other
measuring device used to measure the length in a horizontal distance but
you can still to solve the distance with the used of your own pace factor
based on the formula. And also it is important to understand and develop the
skill of measuring a nearly accurate measurement without using the
measuring devices.
2. Name Three most important pointers that an individual must remember to

follow in order to make his/her approximation of the distance of an unknown
course to be as accurate as possible.
Always focus on what you are counting so that there are no excess or
deficiencies
Pace accurately where it has shown on the manual
Try to maintain a straight walk as possible to lessen the percent error
3. A student tries to measure the perimeter of a small Park of his community by

pacing around the area for three consecutive times. The number of paces
was tallied at 535,543 and 539 respectively, for each trial. If the students
pace factor is 0.74m/pace, determine the actual perimeter of the land.
Mean=
535+543+539
3
539
Perimeter=(mean)(pace factor )
(539)(0.74)
Perimeter=398.86 m
4. Every morning, joy walks school from her boarding house and takes only a
single route. For five consecutive days, she tries to count the number of
paces she makes. Monday mornings number of paces made joy is listed as
345 pace. On Tuesday, 353 paces; Wednesday; 358 paces; Thursday, 348
paces, and lastly, on Friday 355 paces. That Friday afternoon, a surveyor from
city engineers office who is tasked to lay out a new drainage piping system,
measured the exact route she took and found out that the taped distance is
275 m. what is joys pace factor?
mean=
345+353+358+348+355
5
351.8
Pace factor =
Taped distance
mean
275
351.8
Pace factor =0.78 m/pace
5. The table shown below was taken from Jacks notes when he tried to
determine the perimeter of his newly acquired agricultural piece of land.
Knowing that his pace factor is 0.81, determine the perimeter of his lot.
Complete the table.
NO. OF
PACES
TRIAL
LINE
AB
125.25
101.45
BC
85
68.85
CD
79.5
64.4
DE
133
EF
185
149.85
FA
112
90.72
P.D. = (N) * (P.F.)
PACED
FACTOR
0.81
PACED
DISTANCE
107.73
PERIMETER
97.17
P.D1= (125.25) (0.81) = 101.45

P.D2= (85) (0.81) = 68.85
P.D3= (79.5) (0.81) = 64.4
P.D4= (133) (0.81) =107.73
P.D5= (185) (0.81) = 149.85
P.D6= (112) (0.81) =90.72
Perimeter
of all the pace distance
= 588m
For 2
QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

1
What are the different sources of taping errors?
The different sources of taping errors are that there are three fundamental sources
of errors in taping.
a. Instrumental errors: A tape may differ in actual length from its nominal
graduation and length because of defects in manufacturing or repair.
b. Nominal errors: The horizontal distance between end graduations of a tape varies
because of the effects of temperature, wind and weight of the tape itself.
c. Personal errors: Tape persons may be careless in setting pins, reading tapes, or
manipulating the equipment.
2
Discuss the different ways to lessen them or fully eliminate taping errors.
- There are different ways to lessen or fully eliminate taping errors are:
1 Incorrect Length of Tape can be one of the most important errors. It is
systematic. The changes in length are quite small and of little
importance in many types of surveys. However, when good relative
accuracy is required, the actual tape length must be known within
0.005 ft (1.5 mm). The actual length of a working tape, then, must be
compared with a standard tape
2 Temperature Other Than Standards
3 Inconsistent Pull that when a steel tape is pulled with a tension greater
than its standard, the tape will stretch and be no longer than its
standard length. Conversely, if less than standard pull is used, the tape
will be shorter than its standard length. The modulus of elasticity of the
tape regulates the amount that it stretches.
SAG is a steel tape not supported along its entire length sags in the
form of a catenary's, may results. Sag shortens the horizontal distance
between end graduations, because the tape length remains the same.
Sag can be diminished but not eliminated unless the tape is supported
throughout.
5 Normal Tension
What is the total length of the course XY if the rear tape-man exactly holds 9
pebbles and 3 pins after measuring the course XY? Assume the one tape
length is equivalent to 30m.
Soln:
Length of one tape = 30m
No. tallies = No. of pebbles
No. tallies= 9
No. of tape length= No. of tallies*10 + No. pins
No. of tape length= (9*10) +3 = 93
Total length of course XY= No. of tape length* length of one tape length
Total length of course XY= 93*30m = 2790m

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Field 1 Question and Problems

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For 1

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS:

2. Name Three most important pointers that an individual must remember to

3. A student tries to measure the perimeter of a small Park of his community by

P.D. = (N) * (P.F.)

P.D1= (125.25) (0.81) = 101.45

of all the pace distance

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

What are the different sources of taping errors?

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