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    4 Group 17 Elements Updated

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    karim
    Group 17 elements are known as halogens. They include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules and have seven valence electrons. They are non-metals with low melting and boiling points that increase down the group due to larger molecular size. Halogens react with water to form acidic solutions and react with metals like iron to form metal halides. Fluorine is the most reactive while astatine is the least reactive due to decreasing attraction of valence electrons down the group.

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    4 Group 17 Elements Updated

    Uploaded by

    karim
    138 views8 pages
    Group 17 elements are known as halogens. They include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules and have seven valence electrons. They are non-metals with low melting and boiling points that increase down the group due to larger molecular size. Halogens react with water to form acidic solutions and react with metals like iron to form metal halides. Fluorine is the most reactive while astatine is the least reactive due to decreasing attraction of valence electrons down the group.

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    Group 17 elements are known as halogens. They include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules and have seven valence electrons. They are non-metals with low melting and boiling points that increase down the group due to larger molecular size. Halogens react with water to form acidic solutions and react with metals like iron to form metal halides. Fluorine is the most reactive while astatine is the least reactive due to decreasing attraction of valence electrons down the group.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    138 views8 pages

    4 Group 17 Elements Updated

    Uploaded by

    karim
    Group 17 elements are known as halogens. They include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules and have seven valence electrons. They are non-metals with low melting and boiling points that increase down the group due to larger molecular size. Halogens react with water to form acidic solutions and react with metals like iron to form metal halides. Fluorine is the most reactive while astatine is the least reactive due to decreasing attraction of valence electrons down the group.

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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that group 17 elements are known as halogens and have similar chemical properties because they have 7 valence electrons and gain 1 electron to achieve a stable octet. Their properties and reactivity decrease down the group due to increasing atomic size.

    Group 17 elements are non-metals that exist as diatomic molecules. They have low melting and boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces. Their properties generally increase down the group due to increasing molecular size.

    Group 17 elements react with water to form acids (HX and HOX) that are acidic and HOX solutions exhibit bleaching properties. Equations for the reactions of chlorine, bromine and iodine with water are given.

    JOM KIMIA A1

    PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS


    D. GROUP 17 ELEMENTS
    GROUP 17

    http://periodictable.com/
    1. The group 17 elements are:
    Flourine

    2.7

    Chlorine

    2.8.7

    Bromine

    2.8.18.7

    Iodine

    2.8.18.18.7

    Astatine

    2.8.18.32.18.7

    2. Group 17 elements are known as halogens


    3. Halogens exist as diatomic molecules.
    4. Halogens have seven valence electrons.

    JOM KIMIA A1

    Physical Properties of Group 17 Elements


    1. All Group 17 elements are non-metals.
    Proton
    Element Symbol
    Number

    Physical
    state at
    room
    temperature

    Colour

    Flourine

    Gas

    Pale yellow

    Chlorine

    Cl

    17

    Gas

    Bromine

    Br

    35

    Liquid

    Iodine

    53

    Solid

    Greenishyellow
    Reddishbrown
    Purplishblack

    Melting
    point

    Increase

    Boiling
    point

    Increase

    2. Halogen have low melting and boiling points because


    their molecules are attracted to each other by weak
    forces. Less energy is needed to overcome the forces .
    3. When going down the group, the melting and boiling
    points increases. This is because the molecular size
    increases.
    Diagram:
    Cl2
    Cl2

    van der
    Waals
    forces
    Cl2

    Cl2

    JOM KIMIA A1

    What is physical
    state of astatine?

    Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements


    1. Group 17 elements react with water, metal and alkali.
    a) Halogen react with water
    to form 2 acids

    Practical book Carry out an


    experiment 4.2 page 39

    In general:

    HW: Draw diagram and answer


    the question

    X2 + H2O

    HX + HOX

    ; X is halogen

    HX and HOX solutions are acidic. HOX solution exhibits


    bleaching properties.
    Example:
    Cl2
    Chlorine

    H2O
    Water

    HCl
    +
    Hydrochloric
    acid

    HOCl
    Hypochlorus
    acid

    Br2
    Bromine

    H2O
    Water

    HBr
    +
    Hydrobromic
    acid

    HOBr
    Hypobromus
    acid

    I2
    Iodine

    H2O
    Water

    HI
    +
    Hydrobromic
    acid

    HOI
    Hypoiodus
    acid

    JOM KIMIA A1

    b) Halogens in gaseous state react with hot iron


    To form a brown solid , iron(III) halides.
    In general:
    2Fe

    3X2

    2FeX3

    ; X is halogen

    Example :
    2Fe +
    Iron

    3Br2

    Bromine

    2FeBr3
    Iron(III) bromide

    2Fe +
    Iron

    3Cl2

    Chlorine

    2FeCl3
    Iron(III) chloride

    2Fe +
    Iron

    3I2
    Iodine

    2FeI3
    Iron(III) iodide

    c) Halogens react with sodium hydroxide solution , NaOH.


    To form sodium halide, sodium halate and water
    The halogens are decolourised during these
    reaction.
    In general:
    X2
    + NaOH

    NaX

    + NaOX

    H 2O

    [X is halogen]
    Example:
    2 NaOH

    I2

    NaI

    NaOI +

    H2O

    JOM KIMIA A1

    Chemical Properties of Group 17 Elements


    Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine have similar
    chemical properties but differ in reactivity.
    Fluorine is the most electronegative element
    Elelctronegativity of an element refers to the measurement
    of the strength of an atom in its molecule to attract electrons
    towards its nucleus.
    WHY they have similar chemical properties???
    Halogens have 7 valence electrons.
    When halogens take part in chemical reactions, their
    atom always gain one electron to achieve a stable octet
    electron arrangement.
    The Reactivity of Halogens decrease down the group.
    Do You Know WHY???
    The explanation
    a) The atomic size increases down the group.
    b) The distance of the outermost shell becomes
    further from the nucleus.
    c) The force of attraction of the nucleus on the electrons
    of the outermost shell decrease.
    d) The tendency of an atom to receive one electron to

    JOM KIMIA A1

    achieve an octet electron arrangement decrease


    Safety Precautions in handling Group 17 elements

    1. The vapour of Flourine, Chlorine and Bromine are


    poisonous.
    2. The following precaution should be taken when
    handling halogen:
    a) Halogen gas and liquid should be handled inside a
    fume chamber
    b) Wear safety goggles when handling halogen
    fumes.
    c) Wear safety gloves when handling halogen
    materials.
    Do It Yourself
    Element
    Proton number

    X
    9

    Y
    17

    Z
    35

    1. Elements X, Y and Z are same group in the periodic


    table.
    a. What is the valence electron of the elements X,Y and
    Z?
    seven(7)
    b. Which group in the periodic table can you find the
    elements X,Y and Z?

    JOM KIMIA A1

    group 17
    c. Element Y can react with water. What are the
    properties of the solution produced?
    Acidic and bleaching properties
    d. Write an equation for the reaction between element Z
    and hot iron.
    2Fe + 3Z2 2FeZ3
    3. List all halogen elements from the top to the bottom of
    group 17.
    Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine
    4. Which are the most reactive and least reactive
    halogen?
    Most reactive: Flourine

    least reactive : Astatine

    4. Write the chemical equations for the following reaction:


    a) Chlorine with water
    Cl2 + H2O HCl

    HOCl

    b) bromine with iron


    2 Fe +

    3Br2

    2FeBr3

    c) iodine with sodium hydroxide


    2 NaOH

    I2

    NaI

    NaOI +

    H 2O

    JOM KIMIA A1

    5. Explain the changes to the reactivity of halogens when


    going down group 17.
    The atomic size of halogen increases down the group.
    The distance of the outermost shell becomes further
    from the nucleus.
    Therefore, the force of attraction of the nucleus on the
    electrons of the outermost shell
    decrease.
    The tendency of an atom to receive one electron to
    achieve an octet electron arrangement decrease. This
    causes the reactivity to decrease down the group.

    Kamal. A.
    http://kemhawk.webs.com

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