Deep Beam PDF
Deep Beam PDF
Deep Beam PDF
1 of 6
http://dankuchma.com/stm/STM/examples/DBeam/DBeam(2).htm
Site Map
Deep Beam (1) | Deep Beam (2) | Dapped-Beam End | Single Corbel | Double Corbel
Design the simply supported beam that carries two concentrated factored loads of 214 kips
each on a clear span of 12 ft as shown in Figure 1. The beam has a width of 14 in. and a 48 in.
overall depth. The width of the bearing plate at each concentrated load location is 16 in.
Neglect the self-weight.
Summary of
AASHTO LRFD
Use
and
View Print-Friendly
Version of this Page
View PDF Version
of this Page
Figure 1
(Click here to view a larger image)
Check Bearing Stress at Points of Loading and Supports:
The area of bearing plate is
at supports are
Since these bearing stresses are less than their corresponding limits, i.e.
at points of loading and
at supports, the area of bearing plates provided is
adequate.
Select and Establish the Strut-and-Tie Model:
Assume that the loads are carried by a strut-and-tie model consisting of two trusses. One truss
uses a direct strut running from the load to the support. The other truss uses stirrups as vertical
ties. The geometry of the assumed truss is shown in Figure 2.
The center of the horizontal ties is assumed to be located 4 in. from the bottom of the beam.
Thus, d = 48 4 = 44 in. The centroid of the vertical tie (stirrups) BC is assumed to be at the
middle of the shear span, i.e. 56/2 = 28 in. from point A. The location of strut DD centerline
can be found by determining the strut stress limit, calculating the required compressive force
in. strut DD, NDD, and imposing moment equilibrium about point A to obtain the strut width a
as follows:
2/12/2012 12:10 PM
2 of 6
http://dankuchma.com/stm/STM/examples/DBeam/DBeam(2).htm
Figure 2
(Click here to view a larger image)
Thus, node strut DD is located 9.12/2 = 4.56 in. from the top of the beam and NDD =
33.32(9.12) = 304 kips. This fixes the geometry of the truss.
Determine the Required Truss Forces:
Since the truss shown in Figure 2 is statically indeterminate, it is necessary first to select the
amount and position of the vertical tie BC (stirrups) and assume that the stirrups yield. The
truss then becomes statically determinate and all the member forces can be found easily by
statics.
Assume that 50 % of the loads, i.e. 214/2 = 107 kips, is transmitted by the stirrups at yield and
the other 50 % of the loads is transmitted by the direct strut.
The required forces in all the members of the truss are given in the following table. Note that
positive indicates tension, negative compression.
Member
Force (kips)
Slope (deg)
AB
-131
54.6
AC
+228
0
AD
-186
35.2
CC'
+304
0
CD
-131
54.6
BC
+107
90
BD
-76.0
0
DD'
-304
0
2/12/2012 12:10 PM
3 of 6
http://dankuchma.com/stm/STM/examples/DBeam/DBeam(2).htm
According the AASHTO LRFD, the minimum reinforcement for horizontal tie CC and AC is
and the
Choose a width of 8
The bottom of strut AD is crossed by tie AC and the tensile strain perpendicular to strut AD due
to tensile strain in tie AC is
Thus, the
stress limit at the bottom of strut AD is
The middle part of strut
AD is crossed by tie BC and the tensile strain perpendicular to strut AD due to tie BC is
Thus, the stress limit at the
middle of strut AD is
required width for strut AD is
AD width.
The
Choose a width of 11 in. for strut
The bottom part of strut CD is mostly influenced by tie BC and can be assumed to be the same
as the top part of strut AB. Thus, the stress limit and the required width for strut CD are 1176
psi and 7.96 in. respectively. Choose also a width of 8 in. for strut CD.
2/12/2012 12:10 PM
4 of 6
http://dankuchma.com/stm/STM/examples/DBeam/DBeam(2).htm
Strut BD is mostly crossed by tie BC and the tensile strain perpendicular to strut BD due to
tensile strain in tie BC is
Thus, the stress limit for strut BD is
Take
The required width for strut BD is
Choose a width of 3 in. for strut BD width.
The required width for short strut transmitting the applied load to node D is
Choose a width equal to the bearing plate width for this strut, i.e. 16 in.
The required width for short strut transmitting the force meeting at node A to the support is
Choose a width of 13 in. for this short strut.
The stress demands, stress limits, and the widths of the struts are summarized in Figure 3. As
shown in Figure 3, most of the strut widths fit into the outline of the beam region except that
struts AB and AD near node A overlap and struts BD, AD, and CD near node D overlap. To
ensure that the overlapping struts in those regions do not exceed the stress limit, the stresses
due to the force resultants are checked against the corresponding stress limit. The force
resultant of struts AB and AD is
and the available width is
with a slope of
(Figure 4(a)). The stress due to
2/12/2012 12:10 PM
5 of 6
http://dankuchma.com/stm/STM/examples/DBeam/DBeam(2).htm
Figure 3
(Click here to view a larger image)
Figure 4
(Click here to view a larger image)
Design the Nodal Zones and Check the Anchorages:
The width a of nodal zone D was chosen to satisfy the stress limit on that nodal zone. The
stresses of the nodal zone A and C are limited to
and
respectively. To satisfy the stress limit of nodal zone
C, the tie reinforcement must engage an effective depth of concrete at least equal to
and to satisfy the stress limit of nodal zone A, the tie
reinforcement must engage an effective depth of concrete at least equal to: These limits are
easily satisfied since the nodal zone available is 8 in. The required anchorage length for tie AC
is
Since this is less than the available length, i.e. 16
2.5 = 13.5 in, then anchorage length is adequate.
Calculate the Minimum Reinforcement Required for Crack Control:
According AASHTO LRFD, a uniformly distributed reinforcement in vertical and horizontal
directions near each face must be provided with minimum of volumetric ratio of 0.003 in each
direction and the minimum bar spacing for each direction is 12 in. Try pairs of #4 bars with
spacing of 9 in. for both vertical and horizontal reinforcement. The reinforcement ratio is
The ratio is greater than 0.003. Hence use pairs of #4 bars @ 9 in. o.c. in
2/12/2012 12:10 PM
6 of 6
http://dankuchma.com/stm/STM/examples/DBeam/DBeam(2).htm
each direction.
Summary of the Design:
The reinforcement details for the deep beam designed using the strut-and-tie model according
to AASHTO LRFD are shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5
(Click here to view a larger image)
Deep Beam (1) | Deep Beam (2) | Dapped-Beam End | Single Corbel | Double Corbel
Site Map | Contact Us | Copyright Info
Back to Top
2/12/2012 12:10 PM