CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

GROWTH

REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

Question 1

Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the regulation of specific hormones towards the development in the
ovary.
a. i. Based on Figure 1, state hormone X (1m)
___________________________________________________________
ii. State the role of hormone X.(1m)
__________________________________________________________
b. In Figure 1, draw the change that occurs to structure T on the 26th day. (1m)
__________________________________________________________
c. Identify hormone P and Q (2m)
_________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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Question 2

Figure 2
Figure 2 shows the reproductive structures of different organism.
a. Based on Figure 2, label X and Y in space provided.(2m)
b. State the organism that produced A and B.(2m)
_________________________________________________________
c. Describe what happens to nuclei P and Q before fertilization takes place. (2m)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
d. Explain the roles played by X and Y in ensuring that fertilisation takes place (2m)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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Question 3

Figure 3
Figure 3 shows the process of sperm formation in the mammalian testis.
a .i. State P and Q (2m)
P: ___________________________
Q:___________________________
ii. Give reasons why cells Q and R are genetically identical. (2m)
____________________________________________________________

iii. Name two ways how cell division leads to cell S and T being genetically
different. (2m)
____________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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Question 4

Figure 4
Figure 4 shows the process of ovum formation in the mammalian ovary.
a. i. State the structures labelled L, M and N (3m)
L : _______________________
M: _______________________
N: _______________________
ii. State the hormone involved in the formation of follicle and explain the role of it
(2m)
__________________________________________________________________
b. The menstrual cycle involves four type of hormones. Name the hormones. (2m)
___________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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c. Describe how structure N produces progesterone. (2m)

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Question 5

Figure 5
Figure 5 shows certain events that take place in the ovary and Fallopian tube.
a. i. Name the process labelled P (1m)
______________________________________________________________
ii. State the type of cell division takes place at Q. !m)
______________________________________________________________
b.i. Name the structure labelled R.(1m)
______________________________________________________________
ii. Describe its function during pregnancy. (2m)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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c..i. On Figure 5, label the region where fertilization takes place with F letter. (1m)
ii. Predict what will happen if two ova released during ovulation and are fertilised.
(2m)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Question 6.
Figure 1 below shows the process of fertilization in an embryo sac. P are carried in the
pollen tube to the embryo sac. P are carried in the pollen tube to the embryo sac.

(a) (i) What are P?

______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(ii) How are P formed?
______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(b) State whether the chromosomal number of P is haploid or diploid
______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(c) What are X, Y and Z?
X:____________________________________________________________________
Y:____________________________________________________________________
Z:_____________________________________________________________________
(3m)
(d) How do P enter the embryo sac?

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

GROWTH

______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(e) (i) Explain what happens after P enter the embryo sac.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(3m)
(ii) Name this process.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
Question 7.
Figure below shows a pollen that was removed from the stigma after being there for a

while

(a) (i) What process is experienced by the pollen?

______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(ii) Name structure X.
______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(iii) Draw all nuclei on the pollen in figure 2 and label them.

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

GROWTH

(2m)

(b) (i) Draw the development and growth of structure X up to the embryo sac, in the
figure below.

(ii) Name the process that occurs when structure X reaches the plants embryo sac.
______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(c) (i) Explain how the process in (b) (ii) occurs.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(2m)
(ii) What are the products obtained from this process?
1.__________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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2. _________________________________________________________________
(2m)
(d) At the end of the process in (b)(ii), what happens to the
(i) Ovary?
______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(ii) Integument?
______________________________________________________________________
(1m)
(iii) Ovule?
______________________________________________________________________
(1m)

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

GROWTH

LEARNING AREA : REPRODUCTION

AND GROWTH

Activity 1. Complete the table below.

Comparison between the formation of sperm and ova.
A.
Spermatogenesis

Oogenesis

Similarities

1. Location : _______________________
2. Process involve: __________________
3. Products : _________________________

B.
DIFFERENCES
1. Gametes produced
2. Place of formation
3. Size of gametes
4. Number of gametes

SPERMATOGENESIS
i.
iii.
v.
vii.

produced
5. Cytokinesis

Equal

OOGENESIS
ii.
iv.
vi.
viii.

distribution

of Unequal

cytoplasm in all four sperm

6. Shape of gametes

cells produced
ix.

x.

10

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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7. Germinal epithelial cells
8. Meiotic division

11

Divide by mitosis

Divide by mitosis during

throughout adult

foetal stage

xi.

Activitiy 2. Complete the table below

Comparison between identical twins and fracternal twins
DIFFERENCES
a. Fertilisation

1.

IDENTICAL TWINS
2.

FRACTERNAL TWINS

b. Genetic constitution

3.

c. Number of placentae

5.

6.

d. Sex

7.

8.

e. Physical characteristics

9.

10.

Activity 3 : Complete the text below

i.

Both identical twins and fracternal twins grow by the process of

_______________.

ii.

The embryos formed are there result of ______________________ between

an ovum and a sperm.

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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12

ESSAY QUESTIONS
1.

Primary xylem
Vascular cambium

Primary phloem

Secondary phloem

Intervascular
cambium

Secondary xylem

Diagram 1
Diagram 1 shows the stages of secondary growth in the stem of dicotyledonous
plants.
(a) Explain the stages of growth that happen in the shoot of dicotyledonous plants
which produced the primary tissues as shown at section A in Diagram 1.
[10 marks]
(b) Describe how the secondary growth occurs starting from section A to section D
in Diagram 1.
[10 marks]

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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2. Diagram 2 shows a type of growth curve .

Dry mass of plant (g)

C
C

A
B

Time (day)

Diagram 2
Based on Diagram 2, explain the growth curve .
[10 marks]
3. (a) (i) Diagram 3 (a) shows the formation of two pairs of twins.

Diagram 3 (a)
Explain the similarities and differences in the formation of the two pairs of
twins.
[4 marks]

CHAPTER 12: REPRODUCTION AND

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(ii) Diagram 3 (b) shows another two pairs of twins.

Diagram 3(b)
Explain the differences between the two pairs of twins. Your explaination
should be based on the following aspects.
Types of twins
The formation of twins
Characteristics of twins
[6 marks]
4.
The fallopian tubes of a married woman are blocked, making it
impossible for her to conceive through the natural process. She and
her husband insist to have their own child .
Explain one modern technique that can be used by the childless couple to
conceive.
[ 10 marks ]