CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the writer would like to present background, problem
formulation, objectives of the study and signicance of the study
1.1 Background
Indonesia is a country in Southeast, that is crossed the equator that gives the
weather tropical and flanked among of Asia and Australia and between the Pacific
Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Indonesia is the world biggest archipelagos that contain
13.487 islands. Indonesia has many flora and fauna too. One of them that famous are
Orang Utan, Sumatra Tiger, Elephant, Peacock. Our plant has a various plant include
hardplant and seasoning plant. Hardplant like oil palm, rubber, coffee and palawijaya.
Which includes seasoning plant are Rice tomatoes chilli and waterspinach (Ipomoea
Aquatic Forsk/ Ipomoea reptanaPoir). There are several types of water spinach which
that is land water spinach and water spinach. Benefits of water spinach for our body is a
lot like nosebleed medicine, headache, insomnia, toothache, dandruff andnauseadrugs.
The plant convolvulus approximately 1 month.
For a growing plant we can use so much growing media, On the basis of
constituting, material media planting divided into 2, that is organic and inorganic
materials. Organic is a growing media that include in organic ingredient category
commonly from life organism, like examples: coal, stems of ferns, moss, compost,
manure, rice huska and humus. Inorganic is ingredient that contain mineral element that
from From the process of weathering rocks prime in the earth like gel, sand, gravel,
broken bricks, sponges, and clay. Of course there are advantages and disadvantages to
media planting. Here writer will researching a fertility plant using oil planting,
sawdust/pollen and coal for water spinach. Therefore the writer takes a topic and
researching Differences fertility of a water spinach with land, pollen and coal.
1.2 Problem Formulation
1. How to use media planting soil, sawdust/pollen and coal for water spinach?

2. How the difference fertility water spinach by using different media?

1.3 Purpose
1. To know how to use media with water spinach by planting soil,sawdust/pollen and
coal.
2. To determine differences in fertility with waterspinach plants with different
growing media.
1.4 Significance of The Study
Based on problem formulation, it can be concluded that the significance for the
readers are they can find general and detailed information about fertility plants using
different growing media. So they can do the plant with the best media to grow it.
While the significance for writer, they will know about fertility growing media.
Writer can give information about fertility growing media. So the writer also can do the
plant with the best media to grow it.

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, the writer would like to present the explanation of water spinach,
water spinach planting, planting media, characteristics of water spinach, and benefit of
water spinach.
2.1 Water Spinach
According to Ukmkecil.com water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.),or as known
as Ipomoea reptans Poir. It is a kind of the plant that includes to the vegetables and
grounded as a food. In the markets, water spinach is including to be favorite. Many
water spinach easier to get around Asia and a plant that can be meet almost anywhere
exactly in watering level. At Indonesia lot of water spinach planted at Java island,
especially at West Java.In Muting Marauke Regency, Papua waterspinach is a daily
granary (www.khasiat-alam-ku.blogspot.com)
According to Wikipedia.com there are 2 form of water spinach. Water spinach
have leaves are slippery and shaped arrowhead; along 5-6 inches. This plant have stems
propagates with intermittent leaves and intermittent leaves and stems are upright at the
base of the leaf. This plant have color pale green and produce flower with white color,is
produces the sac containing four seeds.There is also a type of leaf and leaf width of tyre.
2.1.1 Kind of Water Spinach
Based on plantamor.com water spinach have 2 kind:
1. Land water spinach (Ipomoea reptanapoir)
General Name:
Indonesian

:Kangkungdarat

English

: Garden morning glory

Malaysian

: Kangkong kampong

Thailand

: Phakboong ban

Philippines

: Kangkong

Classification:

Kingdom

: Plantae

Subkingdom : Tracheobionta
Super Devisi : Spermatphyta
Devisi

: Mangnoliophyta

Class

: Mangnoliopsida

Sub class

: Asteridae

Ordo

: Solanales

Family

: Convolvulaceae

Genus

: Ipomoea

Spesies

: Ipomoea reptanaPoir.

Picture of Ipomoeareptanapoir.
2. Aquatic water spinach(Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.)
General Name:
Indonesian

: Kangkung Air

English

: Water morning glory

Malaysian

: Phakboongnam

Philippines

: Kangkong

Classification:
Kingdom

: Plantae

Sub kingdom :Tracheobionta

Super devisi

:Spermatophta

Devisi

:Magnoliophyta

Class

:Mangnoliopsida

Sub class

:Asteridae

Ordo

:Solanales

Family

:Convolvulaceae

Genus

: Ipomoea

Spesies

: Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.

Picture of Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.

2.2Water Spinach Planting
According to Widi JM on www.wordpress.com theres 2 way to planted:dry and
wet. In both, a large amount of organic material(compost) and water is required in order
for this plant can grow with fertile.
2.2.1 Water Spinach Planting with Dry Media
In a dry planting, water spinach planted in 5 inch distance on line and supported
by disclaimers wood. Water spinach can be planted from seeds or slice roots. Its often
planted on seedlings before its moved to the garden. Water spinach leaves can be
harvested after 6 weeks.
2.2.2 Water Spinach Planting With Wet Media
If wet planting is used, The 12 inch cut part planted on mud and let it wet. As
long as the water spinach grew, the wet area is drowning on 6 inch step and water drain
slowly used. This water drain has to be stopped if the grounds need to be fertile. Harvest
time can be doing 30 days after planted. If the top of the plants is plucked the branch
and side of the leaves will be grow back and can be harvested every 7-10 days.
2.3 Planting Media

Based on Media Tanam Untuk Tanaman Hias book, planting media is the main
component when planting. The planting media which is use must be adapted with the
plantwhich are going to planted. To choose the good and standard planting media for
different native habitat is the difficult thing. This thing is caused by every place have
different humidity and wind speed. As general, the planting media must protect the
humidity of the area around the roots, provide sufficient air and can withstand nutrient
availability. Based on the type of constituent material, growing media can be divided
into organic and inorganic materials. ( Media Tanam Untuk Tanaman Hias, 2007)
2.3.1 Organic Material
Organic material will Subjected to the process weathering or decomposition
done by microorganisms. Through the process, will be produced carbon dioxide (CO 2),
water (H2O), and minerals.Mineral produced is a source of element hara that can be
absorbed plants as food substances.
A. Dry Media
1. Coal
Broken coal into smaller pieces its make to easy in placement in the pot. The
size of the fragments of charcoal is very dependent on the container being used to plant
as well as the types of plants will be planted. To fill a container that has a diameter of 15
cm or more, generally used coal fragments, measuring the length of 3 cm, a width of 2-3
cm, with a thickness of 2-3 cm. for containers (pots) are smaller, the size of coal
fragments should also be smaller.
2. Pollen
Pollen seed is a skin (Oryza sativa) which has been milled. The usual pollen
used can be grilled or raw pollen (not burned). Roasted pollen and pollenthe raw has the
same level of porosity. As planting media, both of which played an important role in the
improvement of soil structure, aeration and drainage system so that in the planting
media for the better.Pollen use as planting media because pollen is light and can be
move, power save the water quite well, not compressible, so water and air circulation
going well (Lingga, 1999).The use of burn pollen to media cropping unnecessary
sterilized anymore because microbes pathogenic been dead for the burning process.

Besides that,burn pollen also have any carbon content (C) that make high growing
media, this being friable however, but burn pollen are easier to be rotten.While poleen
raw as media cropping namely be readily untied water, not easily rotten, is a source of
Kalium (K) required plants, and Not easily to clot or down so as to the roots of plants
can grow with perfect. According to Rahardi (1991) is the pollen waste that has traits
include: lightweight, does not affect the pH, its easy to get, the price is cheap , However
the low content of hara and have a capacity of holding water. Pollen contains Nitrogen
as much as 1% and 2% Kalium.
B. Wet Media
3. Soil
The content of the soil is organic and inorganic compounds are simple and
essential elements such as: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, B, Cl content of humus
is 60-80% composted organic material which has the characteristic dark brown color
with molecular weights vary from 200-300 000 g/mol. this Material is the product of the
synthesis of simple organic compounds in a secondary that is formed due to the
breakdown of organic material by microbiology.
2.3.2 An organic Material
An organic materials are materials with high content of mineral elements that
come from the parent rock weathering processes in the Earth. The weathering process
caused by various things, namely the physically biological weathering, mechanical, and
chemically.
1. Sand
Sand is often used as an alternative to replace the function of planting soil. So
far, the sand is considered adequate and appropriate if used as a medium for the growth
of the seedling and transplanting seeds, plants, cuttings and rooting stems of plants.
Characteristic quick-drying will ease process removal of bibit considered old enough
transfers to other media.While the weights heavy enough sand will facilitate the
establishment of the stem cuttings. In addition, the benefits of planting media sand is the
easy of use and can improve soil aeration and drainage system of planting media.
Malang sand and sand building is a sand often used as a medium cropping.Because
having pores supersized (pores makro) and sand being easily wet and quick-drying by

the process of evaporation. Cohesion and consistency ( resistance to process of

separation ) sand very small so easy eroded by water or wind. Thus, media sand more
need irrigation and cultivating more intensive.. The thing that causes the sand is rarely
used as a planted singly. The use of sand as planting media are often combined with a
mixture of inorganic materials, such as gravel, rocks or organic material that is adapted
to the type of plant.
2.4 Characteristic of Water Spinach
According to scribd.com water spinach known as a fast grow plant, water
spinach including in Convolvulaeceae. It is plants that grows fast and give result in 4-6
weeks since from the seeds. This one season plant with 30-50 cm long propagates on
mud and others wet place like swamp, or float on the water surface. Its usually found
on lowlands to 1.000m on the sea surface. This Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic
forsk)consist of two kind, it is Ipomoea reptana poir thats usually called Chinese
Ipomoea reptana poir and Ipomoea aquatic Forsk. placed on the flowers colors.
Ipomoea aquatic Forskhave a white and red color, and Ipomoea reptana poir have a
white color only. The Ipomoea aquatic Forsk have a bigger branch and leaves than
Ipomoea reptana poir. The color of the stemis different. Ipomoea aquatic Forsk have a
green stem, other than Ipomoea reptana poir have a greenish white color. Ipomoea
reptana poir have more seeds other thanIpomoea aquatic forsk, that why Ipomoea
reptana poir increase by seeds,while Ipomoea aquatic Forsk with cutting the stem.
2.5 Benefits of Water Spinach
Based on www.mekarsari.com water spinach included in popular vegetables. Its
often make salad. Waterspinach is also efficacious as anti-toxic and can heal some health
distraction. Waterspinach from Indian, and then spread to Malaysia, Birma, Indonesian, South
China, Australian,and Africa. At china, this vegetables is known as wengcai. At Europe,
waterspinach usually called swamp cabbage, water convolvulus or water spinach . Plant name

are kangkueng (Sumatera), Pang pung (Nusa Tenggara) kangko (Sulawesi), utangko
(Maluku) it have a good taste and have ahighnutritional content. According to
inmystery.combesides vitamin A, B1 and , C , also containing protein, calcium , phospor,

iron , caroten, hentiakontan, sitosterol.Herminia de Guzman Ladion, Health experts

from the Philippines said that in a country can heal constipation and another, such as:
8

1. Decrease Pain of Menstruation:

Ingredients :1/2kg of waterspinach leaves.
Usage

:wash water spinach leaves and crushed

After that, pour water cup. Next strain and pour 1 tablespoon of honey. Drink a
times a day at once.
2.Nosebleed:
Ingredients :A bunch of water spinach leaves.
Usage

: wash water spinach leaves and crushed.

Add a little bit sugar heat with glass of water. After cold, strain and drink twice a day.
3. Headache:
Ingredients :A bunch of water spinach leaves.
Usage

:Boil water spinach with 2 glass of water. Drink the water.

4. Dandruff:
Ingredients :A bunch of leaves water spinach
Usage

:Soak leaves water spinach all night until the water changed into blue
color. Use that water as shampoo. Do it everyday

2.5.1 Nutrient Content of Water Spinach

Based on anneahira.com Water spinach much popular among the public, in
addition to tasty sprouts turned out to have an outstanding nutrition.Water spinach have
important substance for body, namely, fiber, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, protein, iron, and
calcium. Water spinach including high-value vegetables and very easy to planted
because it can be resistant to weather changesEven many health scientists who
suggested that the water spinach were solutions to problems of hunger and starvation
afflicting poor countries. If you eat water spinach with 15-gr you will get many nutrient
content, including 45calori, 40gr protein, 90 mg calcium, 5mg iron, 6mg vitamin, and
45 mg Vitamin C.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer would like to present operational definition, methods
of research, place and time of research, variable, data collection method, analysis data,
and tools & materials.

3.1 Operational Definition

Water spinach is a kind of the plant that includes to the vegetables and grounded
as a food. While to plant it with good fertility and growth, the writer choose some media
which are land, pollen, and coal. So that in this research, the writer will plant the water
spinach on that media. After that, the writer will see the differences of water spinach on
each media. Thus, the writer will choose the best media where the indicators are the
growth of water spinach.
3.2 Methods of Research
Methods of research arethe scientific method is to collect data with a specific
purpose and usefulness.Researchers are using experimental research methods that
research conducted on its variable, then the research observed/measured the results.
Experiment method is done by comparing the results of fertility water spinach plants
with different media.
3.3 Place and Time of Research
The research starts from October-November 2012, at writers house at Arriodilah
Palembang.
3.4 Variable
3.4.1 Independent Variable
In this experiment independent variable is the factor which made varies. In this
study the independent variable is fertility of water spinach.
3.4.2 Dependent Variable

10

In this experiment dependent variable is a factor that appeared along with the
independent variable.In this casethe dependent variableis the soil, pollen and coal.
3.5 Data Collection Method
3.5.1 Experiment
Experiment method was done to prove the truth of this researchis with
collect the dataand factsof the experimental results, thus the observations can be
presented more complete and relevant facts.
3.5.2 Observation
The method of observation is a method used to observe the results of the
experiments of fertility water spinach with soil, pollen and coal.
3.6 Analysis Data
Information from observations in the descriptive analysis to resolve the problem
formulation in this study, a qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
3.6.1 Qualitative Analysis
On this experiment, data that will be analyzed in a qualitative is ratio of fertility
of plant and leaf color that known by sense of sight.
3.6.2 Quantitative Analysis
On this research, experiment result data analyzed in a quantitative and how to
process data until be information into shape of numbers. Data that can scale is height of
stem and amount of leaf.

3.7 Tools And Materials

There are sometoolsand materials needed tos upport the experiments in this
study, namely:
3.7.1 Tools
1. Polybag
2. Ruler to measure the plant
3. Shovel to take the media
4. Bailer for watering the plant
3.7.2Materials
1.Water spinach seed
11

2.Soil
3.Coal
4.Pollen

3.7.3 Steps Planting Water spinach with 3 Media Soil, Pollen, and Coal
Steps planting water spinach with 3 media soil, pollen, and coal is as follows:
1. Prepare 15 polybag that contain soil, pollen, and coal consisting of 5 polybag
soil media, 5 polybag pollen media, and 5 polybag coal media.
2. Put the water spinach seed intothe planting media around2cmdepth.
3. Put the polybag that already contains the seeds of water spinach at the place are
exposed to direct sunlight.
4. Do watering 2x a day morning and afternoon on every media soil, pollen and
coal.

CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS

12

In this chapter, the writer would like to present research findings and
interpretations.
4.1 Research Findings
4.1.1 Fertility of Water spinach with Soil Media
At first experiment, writer use comparison fertility of water spinach plants with
soil media. Writeruse 5 polybag with asoil media that have been given water spinach
seeds. During 4 weeks writer do experiment, writer get the data as follows:
Table 4.1.1 Fertility of Water spinach with Soil Media
Polybag
Week
1st week
7-14 Nov
2nd week
14-21 Nov
3rd week
21-28 Nov
4th week

Polybag 1
T D

Polybag 2
T D

Polybag 3
Polybag 4
T
D T
D

Polybag5
T D

4 8

8.5 6

10

6 13

10

12

15

8 16

16

10

19

10 20

10

12 10

11 10
28-4 Nov
Source: Experiment

Description: T = Height in cm
D = Leaf in strands

4.1.2 Fertility of Water spinach with Pollen Media

At second experiment, writer use comparisonfertility ofwater spinach plants
with pollen media. Writer use 5 polybag with a soil media that have been given water
spinach seeds. During 4 weeks writer do experiment, writer get the data as follows:
Table 4.1.2 Fertility of Water spinach with Pollen Media
Polybag
Week
1st Week
7-14 Nov
2nd Week
14-21 Nov
3rd Week
21-28 Nov
4th Week

Polybag 1
T D

Polybag 2
T D

Polybag 3
Polybag 4
T
D T
D

Polybag5
T D

4 7

4
6

6.5 6

9.5 6

8.5

6 10

7.5 8

10.5 8

9.5

8 11

8.5 8

10

13

10.5

10 13

10

10.510

10

10

13

28-4 Nov
Source : Experiment
Description : T = Height in cm
D = Leaf in strands

4.1.3 Fertility of Water spinach with Coal Media

At third experiment, writer use comparison fertility of water spinach plants with
coal media. Writer use 5 polybag with asoil media that have been given water spinach
seeds. During 4 weeks writer do experiment, writer get the data as follows :
Table 4.1.3 Fertility of Water spinach with Coal Media
Polybag
Week
1st week
7-14 Nov
2nd week
14-21 Nov
3rd week
21-28 Nov
4th week
28-4 Nov

Polybag 1
T D

Polybag 2
T D

Polybag 3
Polybag 4
T
D T
D

Polybag5
T D

4 5

6 7

9.5 8

8.5 8

8 8

7.5 8

11

8.5

10 8.5

10

10

10

Source : Experiment
Description : T = Height in cm
D = Leaf in strands

Picture 1: water spinach 1st week

14

10

Picture 2: water spinach 2nd week

Picture 3: water spinach 3rd week

Picture 4: water spinach 4th week

4.2 Interpretation
4.2.1 Fertility of Water spinach with Soil Media
Seen from the table 4.2.1, the Writer can take a conclusion that the fertility of
soil media with water spinach is faster growing and give results that are more clear to
writer. Writer can see the fertility of water spinach every week from height increase of
water spinach plant and the number of leaves. During 4weeks did experiment with the

15

same treatment from the fifth polybag turns fertility of water spinach plants withs oil
media more fertile.

4.2.2 Fertility of Water spinach with Pollen Media

Seen from the table above, the Writer can take a conclusion that the fertility of
water spinach with pollen media the growthis rather slower than the soil media,although
given the same treatment as soil media. Fertility water spinach with pollen media can
give the positive effect although the progress is slower than soil media.Writer can give
an alternative to the reader when later by using soil media is failed reader can use the
pollen as an other alternative.
4.2.3 Fertility of Water spinach with Coal Media
Seen from the table above, the Writer can take a conclusion that the fertility of
water spinach with coal media growth is slower than thesoil media and pollen media,
Although given thesame treatment as soil media.Fertility of water spinach plant with
coal media cannot give an positive effect for writer so thewriter suggest that fertility
water spinach plants using coal media is less effective.

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
In this chapter, the writer would like to present conclusions and suggestions
5.1 Conclusion
Based on Chapter II, Water spinach is a kind of the plant that includes to the
vegetables and grounded as a food. While to plant it with good fertility and growth, the
writer choose some media which are land, pollen, and coal. So that in this research, the
writer will plant the water spinach on that media. After that, the writer will see the
differences of water spinach on each media. Thus, the writer will choose the best media
where the indicators are the growth of water spinach.
From the result of Chapter IV, writer can conclude based on problem
formulations, namely:
1. How to use media planting soil, sawdust/pollen and coal for water spinach?

16

2. How the difference fertility water spinach by using different media?

On first problem, the writer concluded that to plant the water spinach you will
need polybag that each contains by soil, pollen, and coal Put the water spinach seed into
the planting media around 2cm depth. Put the polybag that already contains the seeds of
water spinach at the place are exposed to direct sunlight. Do watering 2 times a day
morning and afternoon on every media soil, pollen and coal.
On second problem, the writer concluded that there are 3 differences fertility of
water spinach with using 3 media :
a. Fertility of water spinach with using soil media, every week always
giveclear results with the height increase of every week reaches
approximately 4cm.
b. Compared the soil media evidently pollen media fertility every week is
slowly than soil media with height increase every week approximately
2cm.
c. Fertility water spinach plants with coal media was very slow compared
with the soil media and pollen media , height growth of coal media every
week, only about 1cm.

5.2 Suggestions
From the research which has been done, the writer would like to suggest to do
more further research and experiment about water spinach such as like the significance
of water spinach growth toward human need. The writer also suggest to do experiment
about special water spinach plant.

17

LIST OF REFFERENCES
Anonim. 2007. Media Tanam untuk Tanaman Hias. Depok:Penebar Swadaya.
http://artikelwidijayamudita.wordpress.com Accessed on 29th October
Kangkung&Manfaatnya. 2012
www.mekarsari.com Accessed on 29th October Mekarsari. 2012
www.inmystery.com Accessed on 29th October Fungsi Lain Dari Kangkung. 2010
www.wikipedia.comAccesed on 28thOctober Kangkung.2012
www.ukmkecil.com Accessed on 30th October Menanam kangkung dihalaman.2012
http://khasiat-alam-ku.blogspot.com Accessed on 30th Ocotober Manfaat Lain
Kangkung.2009
http://www.anneahira.com Accessed on 1st November Kandungan Gizi Kangkung.2012
http://www.scribd.com Accessed on 1st November Laporan Hortikultura Budidaya
Kangkung. 2010

18

http://www.plantamor.com Accessed on 2nd November Informasi Spesies.2011

Lingga.1999. The Pollen.Bogor. Academic Press
Rahardi 1991. Perkayuan system pengeringan kayu.Semarang. Penerbitan Kanisius.

ATTACHMENT

Picture 1: water spinach 1st week

Picture 2 : water spinach 2nd week

19

Picture 3: water spinach 3rd week

Picture 4: water spinach 4th week

BUGEMM REPORT CARD

Name

: Muhammad Arsyi Amriansyah

Class

: X.C

NIS

: 3483

Advisor

: Dra. Hj. Susi Sukarni, MM

Title

: Difference Fertility of Water spinach plant with land, pollen and coal

NO

Topic

Date

Comment

1.

Title

8 9 - 2012

Acc

20

Sign

2.

Chapter I

3 10 2012

Revise

3.

Chapter I

4 10 - 2012

Revise

4.

Chapter I

5- 10 - 2012

5.

Chapter II

29 10 - 2012

Revise

6.

Chapter II

5 11 - 2012

Revise

7.

Chapter II

16 11 - 2012

Acc

8.

Chapter III

21 11 2012

Revise

Acc

BUGEMM REPORT CARD

Name

: Muhammad Arsyi Amriansyah

Class

: X.C

NIS

: 3483

Advisor

: Dra. Hj. Susi Sukarni, MM

Title

: Difference Fertility of Water spinach plant with land, pollen and coal

NO

Topic

Date

Comment

1.

Chapter III

23 11- 2012

Acc

21

Sign

2.

Chapter IV

26 11 2012

Revise

3.

Chapter IV

3 11 - 2012

Acc

4.

Chapter V

12- 12 - 2012

5.

Chapter V

13 - 12 - 2012

Acc

6.

Finishing

18 12 - 2012

Revise

7.

Finishing

20 12 - 2012

Acc

Revise

WRITERS BIOGRAPHY

Name

Muhammad Arsyi Amriansyah

Place of birth

Palembang, 02 April 1998

Sex

Male

School

SMA Plus Negeri 17 Palembang

Class

X. C

22

School Address

Jl. Mayor Zurbi Bustan Telp. (0711) 412651 Lebong

Siarang Palembang 30151

Writer Address

Jl. Arriodillah No 04 Rt 32 Rw 11 Palembang

Hobby

Play game, listen to music

Ambition

Bussinessman

23