Guida Tecnica:

Regolatore Digitale DSR

Technical Guide:
DSR Digital Regulator

E309573

INDEX

pag. 2

INTRODUCTION

pag. 3

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

pag. 3
pag. 3
pag. 3
pag. 3
pag. 3
pag. 5
pag. 5

INSTALLATION

pag. 5
pag. 5
pag. 6
pag. 6
pag. 6
pag. 6
pag. 6
pag. 6
pag. 6
pag. 10
pag. 10
pag. 10
pag. 10

1.

Architecture of the system

1.1 Regulator
1.2 Communications module
2.
Technical characteristics
3.
Inputs and Outputs: technical specifications
4.
Block diagram

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.
8.
9.

Overall dimensions drawings

Connections
Terminals
DSR connections for typical applications
Setting up the regulator
5.1
Alternator voltage signals
5.2
Calibrating sensing
5.3
50/60 Signal
Serial communications
APO Contact
VOLT, STAB,Hz and AMP Trimmers
Vext Input

SERIAL CONNECTION

pag. 11

PARAMETERS AND OPERATING DATA

pag. 12
pag. 12
pag. 13
pag. 13
pag. 14
pag. 14

SETTING OF VOLT, STAB, AMP and Hz PARAMETERS

pag. 15
pag. 15
pag. 15
pag. 15
pag. 16
pag. 16
pag. 20
pag. 20
pag. 21
pag. 21
pag. 21
pag. 21
pag. 21
pag. 22
pag. 22
pag. 22
pag. 22
pag. 23
pag. 23

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1.

2.
3.

4.

5.
6.

ModBus registry list

Word of configuration (Parameter P[10])
RAM location reference, activation of saturation in analog remote control
Volatile memory addresses
Fourth Status Word (Location L[39])

Voltage
1.1 Setting voltage
1.2 Slow voltage variations
Stability
2.1 Adjustment of stability
Excitation overcurrent
3.1 Description
3.2 Calibration with a supervision unit
3.3 Calibration without a supervision unit
Underspeed
4.1 Description
4.2 Calibration with a supervision unit
4.3 Calibration without a supervision unit
Overspeed
Other parameters
6.1 Vout / Vaux Ratio
6.2 V/F slope at start up
6.3 Short cirrcuit time

CONTROLLING OF REGULATOR ALARMS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Table of recapitulation
Alarm signals with the indicator lights
Description of alarms
APO Output
Board operation time

pag. 24
pag. 24
pag. 24
pag. 25
pag. 26
pag. 26

pag. 31

APPENDIX

pag. 27

TECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDES

pag. 28

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 2

The information contained in this manual may be modified without advance notice.
This revision supersedes and replaces all previous editions.
Even partial reproduction of this manual is prohibited, with any means whatsoever, without prior written authorisation by Mecc Alte S.p.A.

INTRODUCTION
This manual contains information on the operation and use of the DSR digital regulator.
In order to avoid damage to persons and/or property, only qualified personnel, having full
knowledge and understanding of the information contained in this manual, should perform the
procedures described herein; when power to the unit is on, the voltage present may be lethal for
the operator.
All connections must be made with the power off.
The plastic protections on connectors J1 and J2 must not be removed for any reason whatsoever.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
1. Architecture of the system
The DSR is a voltage regulator for synchronous alternators, designed for stand alone working and calibration; to maximize performance, the regulator should be understood as part of a system made up of at least
three components: the DSR (control unit), a communications module (USB2DxR, for example) and a supervision unit, as illustrated in figure 5.
The connectors for connection to and from the power generator and communications module are located
on the DSR regulator.
The supervision unit can be made up of a personal computer, another synoptic device or both; it does
not have the function of controlling the system in real time, but allows programming and visualisation of all
operational parameters of the DSR.
If it is equipped with a USB interface, for its connection it is possible to use the communication module
USB2DxR.
1.1 Regulator
Since the regulator is designed to control many different types of generators, it must be appropriately configured to obtain the best performance; most of the settings are stored in a non-volatile integrated memory
(EEPROM). The first time the regulator is turned on, a default configuration will be present, which satisfies
the most widely requested characteristics and is suitable to facilitate installation: the trimmers are active
and the inputs for the external potentiometer and the 60 Hz jumper are enabled, therefore the basic calibrations can be performed without the use of additional equipment.
The regulator is available in two versions called DSR and DSR/A, the first is the standard one, optimized
for Mecc Alte alternators from series 3 to 38, the second is optimized for Mecc Alte alternators series 4046; the two versions differ mainly in some default parameters.
NOTE: the parameter that defines the output voltage (with the VOLT trimmer disabled) is set on 0 (so that
the adjustment takes place on the minimum voltage)
1.2 Communications module
The communication module USB2DxR (provided to be connected on the COM connector of the DSR) has
a USB port through which it is possible to set the parameters (both for configuration and operation) and
monitor the operation of the generator.
2. Technical Characteristics of the device on board generator
Full digital controlled regulator, based on DSP
On-board machine installation
Suitable for all self-regulated alternators
Voltage supply: 40Vac270Vac (from auxiliary winding, output voltage or PMG)
Frequency range: 12Hz 72Hz
Sensing of voltage with true rms or average measurement (70280 Vac)
Maximum continuous output current: 5Adc;
Precision of voltage regulation: 1% from no-load to nominal load in static condition, with any power
factor and for frequency variations ranging from -5% to +20% of the nominal value.

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 3

 Precision of voltage regulation: 1% from no-load to nominal load in static condition, with any power

factor and for frequency variations ranging from -5% to +20% of the nominal value.
Transient power drops and overvoltage within 15%
Voltage recovery time within 3% of the value set, in less than 300 msec.
Transient overvoltage during start up: less than 5% of nominal voltage.
Single phase sensing
Parameters: VOLT, STAB, AMP and Hz can be set with trimmers (default) 50/60Hz through a
jumper (default); all parameters can be programmed via software.
Analogical remote control of output voltage is possible through external voltage (02,5Vdc) or with a
10 Kohm linear potentiometer.
Environmental temperature: -25C +70C
Underspeed protection with adjustable threshold and slope
Underexcitation alarm / loss of excitation (4)
Excitation overcurrent protection with delayed intervention
Management of temporary short circuits (start up of asynchronous motors)
(Non-isolated) Open collector output signalling the intervention of protections with a configurable activation for individual alarms, possibility to delay the intervention and selectable active level (4)
Abnormal operation conditions storage (type of alarm, number of events, duration of the last event, total
time)
Memorization of the regulator operation time (starting from revision 11 of the Firmware)
USB communication interface (with an optional USB2DxR module)

WARNING : Operation of the DSR is not specified below 12 Hz.

3. Inputs and Outputs: technical specifications
TABLE 1 : CONNECTOR CN1
Terminal(1)

Name

Exc-

Aux/Exc+

Aux/Exc+

Aux/Neutral

F_phase

F_Phase

H_phase

H_phase

Aux/Neutral

10

Vext/Pext

11

Common

12

50/60Hz

Function
Excitation

Continuous Rating: 5Adc

Transitory Rating: 12Adc at peak

Power

Frequency: from 12Hz to 72Hz

Range: 40Vac - 270Vac
Range: 140Vac - 280Vac
Burden: <1VA

Sensing

Input for remote

voltage control

50/60 Hz
Jumper Input
13

Common

14

A.P.O.

15

Common

Specifications

Range: 70Vac - 140Vac

Burden: <1VA

Notes

Measurement of average value

(rectified) or actual effective va
lue for voltage adjustment

Type: Not insulated

Range: 0 - 2,5 Vdc or 10K Potentiometer
Adjustment: from 14% to + 14%(3)
Burden: 0 - 2 mA (sink)
Max length: 30m(2)

Tolerates voltages from - 5V to

+ 5V but for values exceeding
the range it is automatically
disabled

Type: Not insulated

Max length: 3m

Selection of underspeed
protection threshold 50(100%Hz%) or 60(100%-Hz%)
Hz% is the position relative to
the Hz trimmer or the
percentage value of parameter
21

Type: Non-insulated open collector

Active
Current : 100mA
protections output Voltage: 30V
Max length: 30m(2)

Programmable : active level (4)

activating alarm and delay time

NOTE (1) The terminals are connected to each other on the board: 2 with 3, 4 with 5, 6 with 7, 8 with 9, 11 with 13 and 15.
NOTE (2) With external EMI filter SDR 128/K, see Fig.4 (3m without EMI filter)
NOTE (3) Starting from revision 10 of the Firmware. It is convenient do not exceed 10%
NOTE (4) Starting from rev. 18 of the firmware
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 4

TABLE 2 : TRIMMERS
Name

Function

Notes

VOLT

Voltage Calibration

From 70Vac to 140Vac or from 140Vac to

280Vac, see paragraph Setting the voltage

STAB

Calibration of dynamic response

Adjustment of proportional gain, see paragraph

on Stability

Hz

Calibration of underspeed protection

intervention threshold

Variation up to -20% with respect to the nominal

speed value set in jumper/parameter 50/60.

AMP

Calibration of excitation overcurrent

protection

See paragraph Calibration of excitation overcurrent

protection

4. Block diagram

fig. 1

INSTALLATION

Upon receipt of the digital regulator, perform a visual inspection to ensure that no damage has been sustained during transportation and movement of the equipment. In the event of damage, advise the shipper,
the insurance company, the seller or Mecc Alte immediately. If the regulator is not installed immediately,
store it in its original packaging in a dust and humidity-free environment.
The regulator is normally installed in the generator terminal box. It is fixed with two M4x20 or M4x25
screws and must be installed in a location where the temperature does not exceed the environmental conditions foreseen. The regulator is equipped with a 5A fast-acting protection fuse. If necessary, the fuse
must be replaced only with a fuse of the same type and rating.
1. Overall dimensions drawings

dimensioni in mm

fig. 2

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 5

2. Connections
The digital regulator connections depend on the application and excitation system.
Figure 1 shows the functional aspect of the connection points to the regulator.
An error in connection may have serious consequences for the unit.
Carefully check to make sure that all connections are precise and in accordance with the attached drawings, before turning on the power.
3. Terminals
Figures 2 show the connection terminals; the connections must be made using cables having a minimum
diameter :
for power cables on terminals 1, 2, 3 and 9 (Exc-, Aux/exc+, Aux): 1,5 mm
for signal cables: 0,5 mm
4. DSR connections for typical applications
Drawings SCC0059/03, SCC0060/02, SCC0061/02, SCC0062/02, SCC0063/02, SCC0064/02 show DSR
regulator connections for typical applications.
Drawing SCC0059/03 shows the connection to Series 3 alternators with 6 terminals.
Drawing SCC0060/02 shows the connection to Series 3 alternators with 12 terminals.
Drawing SCC0061/02 shows the connection to alternators with 6 terminals with reference from 140V to
280V. Drawing SCC0062/02 shows the connection to alternators with 12 terminals, with reference to the
half phase from 70V to 140V.
The SCC0062/02 diagram shows the connection to 12-terminal alternators with reference to half phase
from 70V to 140V. The SCC0063/02 diagram shows the connection to 12-terminal alternators for connections in series star or series delta with reference to the entire phase from 140V to 280V. The SCC0064/02
diagram shows the connection to 12-terminal alternators with reference to half phase from 140V to 280V.
5. Setting up the regulator
Selection of the sensing scale takes place directly according to the connection on the power terminal
board; additional settings can be made with 4 trimmers (VOLT, STAB, AMP and Hz) and 3 jumpers
(50/60Hz, JP1 and JP2); the output voltage can also be set with an external analogical or numeric signal;
additional settings are available by adjusting 25 parameters stored in an integrated non-volatile memory.
5.1 Alternator voltage signals
Terminals 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of connector CN1 are used for voltage sensing.
5.2 Calibrating sensing
A supplementary calibration may be necessary to compensate for any existing tolerances on analogical
voltage acquisition channels; in this case follow the procedure illustrated below:
Write 16384 on location 19 (from Settings/Advanced(1) Menu)
Disable the Trimmers (from the Settings/Potentiometers(1) Menu)
Disable Vext (from the Settings/Advanced(1) Menu)
Set the adjustment on the average or effective value (from the Settings/Advanced(1) Menu)
Measure the voltage with a suitable instrument for the type of adjustment made (average value or rms
value)
6. Set the value at location 5 (or 6) until the voltage value, measured with the instrument, reaches 210 V (if
the sensing is connected to terminals 4 or 5) or 105V (if the sensing is connected to terminals 6 or 7),
keeping in mind that an increase in the value set provokes an increase in adjusted voltage and viceversa.
7. In order to ensure that the value of voltage (available also at location 36) is the same as the value
measured at point 6, calibrate the data at location 7, reading the value of Volt box in the status area of
Settings/Advanced(1) Menu.
8. Enable the trimmers you want to be active (from the Settings/Potentiometers(1) Menu)
9. Enable Vext (from the Settings/Advanced(1) Menu) if you want to be active
5.3 50/60 Signal
A jumper is located on the 50/60 input (connector CN1, terminals 12 and 13); if enabled from the
Configuration Menu, it provokes the commutation of the underspeed protection threshold from 50(100%Hz%) to 60(100%-Hz%), where Hz% represents the position relative to the Hz trimmer or the
percentage value entered in location 21 (where 10% corresponds to 16384).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Note (1): Software DxR Terminal

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 6

Drawing SCC0059/03
Series 3 alternators with 6 terminals
Reference from 140V to 280V

Drawing SCC0060/02
Series 3 alternators with 12 terminals
Reference from 70V to 140V
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 7

Drawing SCC0061/02
Series ECO alternators with 6 terminals
Reference from 140V to 280V

DrawingSCC0062/01
Alternators with 12 terminals, with reference on half phase, from 70V to 140V

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 8

Drawing SCC0063/02
Alternators with 12 terminals, with reference on entire phase from 140V to 280V

Drawing SCC0064/02
Alternators 12 terminals, with reference on half phase from 140V to 280V

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 9

6. Serial communications
The communication module USB2DxR (provided to be connected on the COM connector of the DSR) has
a USB port through which it is possible to set the parameters (both for configuration and operation) and
monitor the operation of the generator.
7. APO Contact
Acronym for Active Protection Output: (connector CN1 terminals 14 and 15) 30V-100mA non-isolated
open collector transistor, normally closed if the APO Invert flag (2) is active (default), opens (with a configurable delay from 1 to 15 seconds) when, of all the alarms, one or several separately selectable alarms
are active.
8. VOLT, STAB, Hz and AMP Trimmers
The trimmers are enabled by default, they can be disabled by the DxR_Terminal software; if they are not
enabled they do not perform any function.
The VOLT trimmer allows adjustment from about 70V to about 140V or from about 140V to about 280V.
The STAB trimmer adjusts the dynamic response (statism) of the alternator under transient conditions.
The Hz trimmer allows a variation up to - 20% with respect to the nominal speed value set by jumper 50/60
(if it is active) or from box 50/60 of the Settings/UFLO&LAM Menu (at 50 Hz the threshold can be
calibrated from 40 Hz to 50 Hz, at 60 Hz the threshold can be calibrated from 48 Hz to 60 Hz).
The AMP trimmer adjusts the excitation overcurrent protection intervention threshold.
9. Vext Input
The Vext input (connector CN1 terminals 10 and 11) permits analogical remote control of output voltage
through a 10Kohm potentiometer with a programmable variation range through parameter 16 with respect
to the value set (by default the setting is 14%(3) starting from revision 10 of the Firmware); if you want to
use continuous voltage(4), it will be effective if it is in the range between 0V and +2,5V. The input tolerates
voltages from -5V to +5V, but for values exceeding the limits of 0V / +2,5V (or in the event of
disconnection), two options are possible: not to take the set point of external input (default configuration)
and return to regulation to the voltage value set with the trimmer (if enabled) or with parameter P[19], or
keep the minimum (or maximum) value of voltage that can be reached (see figures 3a and 3b). The two
options can be set with the RAM Voltage CTRL flag in the Settings/Advanced menu corresponding to
the bit B7 of the configuration word P[10] (see PARAMETERS AND OPERATIONAL DATA - Para. 2). The
setting relative to the Vext input are summarised in table 5.
Relationship between analogical input (Vext) and output voltage (Vo)

Figure 3a: without saturation of the output voltage

upon reaching the input voltage limits

Figure 3b: with saturation of the output voltage

upon reaching the input voltage limits

NOTE (1) : Software DxR Terminal

NOTE (2) : Starting from rev. 18 of the Firmware, if the "APO Invert" flag is not active or for firmware revisions up to 17 the transistor is normally open and it closes in case of an active alarm
(3)
NOTE : In making adjustments it is reccomended not to exceed the nominal value of voltage of the alternator beyond 10%.
NOTE (4) : the source of DC voltage must be capable of absorbing at least 2 mA.
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 10

Fig. 4: EMI SDR182/K filter connection

SERIAL CONNECTION
The COM connector is reserved for the connection to the USB2DxR communication module through the
dedicated cable provided together with the module.
For the communication, the regulator implements a subsystem of the ModBus standard; the DSRUSB2DxR system performs a slave operation the address of which is stored in the DSR EEPROM and is
set during configuration.
Detailed descriptions of the ModBus commands implemented are into the Technical Guide Digital Regulators Comunication Protocol available on the web site www.meccalte.com
The Master Unit is made up of a PC or other dedicated equipment and can access the parameters and
functions of the regulator.
The master unit has the following possible functions:
Repetition, or visualisation, of the generator status variables, even from a remote location
Setting of single parameters
Uploading and downloading of settings files
Status readings (alarms, measuring variables)
Readings of the alarm memory information
Interface conversion towards other field buses or communications networks.

Fig. 5: Connection between DSR and PC through USB2DxR digital interface

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 11

PARAMETERS AND OPERATING DATA

1. ModBus Registry List
An EEPROM memory is used to store configuration parameters and other information that must not be lost
when the generator goes off. Parameters can be read/written and machine operational settings entered
through USB (using USB2DxR module). Two versions of this regulator are available: DSR and DSR/A;
they differ mainly in the default parameters. Table 3 shows a complete list of the parameters that can be
set, which define all the operational conditions of the regulator.
TABLE 3 : EEPROM SETTING REGISTRIES
Add. Description of Parameter
0 Firmware revision
1 ModBus slave address

Default

Range

NOTES

DSR

DSR/A(1)

0..65535

18

18

1..31

Reserved - Do not write

Identification of RS485 network (or broadcast)
(2)

0..65535

18

3 Serial number, high part

16bit

Reserved - Do not write

4 Serial number, low part

16bit

Reserved - Do not write

2 Software configuration

2706

Reserved - Do not write

5 RMS sensing calibration

0..32767 16384 16384 Calibration of voltage channels in 3 ph adjustment

6 AVG sensing calibration

0..32767 16384 16384 Calibration of voltage channels in 1 ph adjustment

7 Measured voltage calibration

0..32767 16384 16384 Calibration of location L 36 (first STATUS box)

8 Current limit time

(3)

9 Current limit level(3)

0..32767

Duration of limiting in number of periods(3)

0..32767 32767 32767 Excitation voltage limit upon start-up(3)

10 Word configuration

16bit

7997

7997

11 Shift to LEFT proportional gain

0..6

12 Shift to LEFT integral gain

0..6

13 Coefficient tieing Ki to Kp

Detailed description in paragraph 2 Tab. 4

n=06 is equivalent to a multiplication by 2n

0..32767 16384 26624 Coefficient to set Ki and Kp separately

14 Vout / Vaux Ratio

32767

15 Reference equivalent to Vext

0..32767 16384 16384 Value used if the Vext input and location L[49] are disabled(3)

16 Limitation of Vext Variation

0..6553

6000

6000

4608

4608

(4)

(4)

Limit to voltage reduction as a function of frequency

Limits the effect of external analogical input (0->0; 4608->14%)

17 APO delay & alarm settings

0..65535

254

18 Step limitation reference

1..1000

20

20

19 Vout Reference

0..32767

20 Stability

0..32767 16384 16384 Value used if the STAB trimmer is disabled

21 Freq. threshold 10% freqnom

0..32767 16384 16384 Value used if the Hz trimmer is disabled

22 Excitation overcurrent threshold

0..32767 16384 16384 Value used if the AMP trimmer is disabled

23 V/F Slope

0..32767

24 V/F curve slope at start up

0..32767 12000 12000 Used only upon start up

Operating time with short circuited alternator, expressed in tenths
20
20
0..255
of seconds (0 .. 25.5 seconds) [0=excluding STOP]
Variation (10%) of overspeed alarm intervention with respect to
0
0
32767
the default value of 55/66Hz
512 Under-excitation alarm threshold (4)
0..32767 512

25 Short circuit time

26 Overspeed threshold
27 Underexcitation threshold (4) (5)
28 Ki Overexcitation regulator
29 AMP slope (f)

(4) (6)

9000

254

9000

APO activating alarms selection and delay settings

For rapid variations of voltage setpoint, the passage from one
value to another takes place through added or subtracted steps at
each period.
Value used if the VOLT trimmer is disabled

V/F curve slope during normal operation

0..32767 12287 12287 Integral gain of excitation voltage regulator

0..32767 15154 15154 AMP (f) (4)(6) overexcitation protection slope

30 Thermal dispersion coefficient

0..65535 63600 63600 Used by AMP alarm temperature estimator

31 Reserved

0..65535

Do not write

NOTE: Locations are ordered to separate the parameters of individual regulators (S.N:, SW versions and
calibration) from settings foreseen, in order to facilitate programming of regulators with the same settings
but different S.N., SW versions and calibrations. The parameters from 0 to 9 are adjusted at the factory for
each regulator. The parameters from 10 to 30 can therefore be freely copied from one to another.
NOTE (1) starting from rev.10 of the Firmware
NOTE (2) starting from rev.15 of the Firmware, 2578 in previous versions
NOTE (3) starting from rev.15 of the Firmware
NOTE (4) Starting from rev. 18 of the firmware
NOTE (5) Shutdown intervention threshold not to be changed in the versions preceding the 18th
NOTE (6) Proportional gain of excitation voltage regulator in the versions preceding the 18th

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 12

2. Configuration word (Parameter P[10])

The configuration of the regulator is performed by setting the individual bits of parameter P[10]; every one
of them enables of disables at least one function based on the fact that its value is, respectively, either 1 or
0. If the DxR Terminal software is used (see Technical guide Interface communication USB2DxR), the
setting is simplified by the use of the dedicated flags in the different menu corresponding to the specific bit,
which enables/disables each function.
Alternatively, the DSR may be configured by directly setting the value of the P[10] parameter; in such case
the value is calculated before the writing, by summing the numbers specified in the ''Value'' column of Table 4 corresponding to the functions that you want to enable.
For example the default configuration demands that the bits B0, from B2 to B5 and from B8 to B12 be enabled; therefore, the corresponding value is: P[10]=1+4+8+16+32+256+512+1024+2048+4096=7997.
Bit
Value
B0
1
B1
2
B2
4
B3
8
B4
16
B5
32
B6
64
B7
128
B8
256
B9
512
B10
1024
B11
2048
B12
4096
B13
8192
B14 16384
B15 32768

TABLE 4 : BIT FUNCTION OF THE CONFIGURATION WORD (PARAMETER P[10] )

Function
RMS regulation
Periodical reference variation
Automatic voltage offset compensation
Voltage measurement by last 32 samples
Enable hardware jumper 50/60Hz
Inversion APO(3)
Not used
External location reference L[49] (1) and activation of saturation in the event of overflow (2)
Enable VOLT TRIMMER
Enable STAB TRIMMER
Enable Hz TRIMMER
Enable AMP TRIMMER
Enable external analogical input
Enable external DAC
60 Hz setting in the event of disabling of the 50/50 Hz hardware jumper
Reserved

Default
1
0
1
1
1
1(3)
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0

NOTE (1): if analogical input is disabled, starting from rev.15 of the Firmware
NOTE (2): for analogical input, starting from rev.15 of the Firmware
NOTE (3) Starting from rev. 18 of the firmware, default value 0 in the preceding versions

3. RAM location reference, activation of saturation in analogical remote control

The RAM Voltage CTRL Flag (corresponding to bit 7 of the P[10] configuration word) performs two functions:
1. If the Pext hardware input is enabled (Flat Ext. Input corresponding to bit 12 of the P[10] configuration
word), the RAM Voltage CTRL Flag activates saturation of output voltage when the analogical control
voltage reaches the limit foreseen for input, to which it is applied (see Para. 8 Remote control of
voltage).
If saturation is enabled, in the event of removal of the Vext/Pext connection (due to accidental
opening, for example) the voltage goes to the maximum value set in parameter P[16] (+14% by
default).
2. When hardware input Pext is disabled, the indicated flag defines the value to be used by the software

control of the output voltage. If RAM Voltage CTRL is deactivated (B7=0), the non volatile parameter
P[15] is used (therefore following shut down and restart of the regulator, the last value memorised
remains set): on the start up the location L[49] is initialised with the value of parameter P[15] and is
kept aligned to that value. Editing of location L[49] has no effect in this working condition. If RAM
Voltage CTRL is active (B7=1) the volatile location L[49] is used for software remote control of the
output voltage (when the regulator is energized, the value is stored; if the regulator is shut down, the
value is lost). This function is particularly useful for the applications of alternators in parallel with grid,
when the regulation of the reactive power exchanged is controlled by means of a third party supplied
digital supervisor.
TABLE 5 : REMOTE VOLTAGE CONTROL FLAGS FUNCTION

FLAG RAM
Voltage CTRL

P[10] Bit B7

FLAG Ext. Input

P[10] Bit B12

Output voltage control type

Analogical without saturation

Analogical with saturation

Digital - Parameter P[15]

Digital - Location L[49]

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 13

4. Volatile memory addresses

TABLE 6 : VOLATILE MEMORY ADDRESSES
Add.
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

Add name
VOLT Trimmer
STAB Trimmer
Hz Trimmer
AMP Trimmer
First status word
Second status word
Third status word
Fourth status word
Commands
Pext/Vext Inputs
Setpoint
Setpoint
Measured Voltage
Estimated temperture

49 Reference corresponding to Vext

53
54
55
56

Kp/2P[11]
Ki/2P[12]
AMP protection threshold
Underexcitation observer

Range
0..32767
0..32767
0..32767
0..32767
0..3200
0..900
16bit
16bit
16bit
0..32767
0..32767
0..32767
0..32767
0..32767

Access
Read only
Read only
Read only
Read only
Read only
Read only
Read only
Read only
Write
Read only
Read only
Read only
Read only
Read only

0..32
767

Write

0..32767
0..32767
0..32767
0..32767

Read only
Read only
Read only
Read only

Description
VOLT Trimmer Position
STAB Trimmer Position
Hz Trimmer Position
AMP Trimmer Position
Regulated voltage [tenths of volts]
Frequency [tenths of Hz]
Active alarms
Active configuration
Reserved Word Commands Do not use
Analogical input or external potentiometer value
Setpoint value
Value modified by regulator in case of alarms, soft-start, etc.
Internal variable
Estimates temperature of exciter windings

Used if Vext input is disabled and voltage remote

control by RAM location is enabled (P[10]-Bit B7=1)

Proportional gain not considering factor 2P[11] (1)

Integral gain not considering factor 2P[12] (1)
Intervention threshold of overexcitation protection (1)
Observer of underexcitation or loss of excitation (2)

5. Fourth Status Word (Location L[39])

Location L[39] indicates (almost in real time) the active configuration at any given time.
The values of the fourth word of status (location L[39]) are shown in table 7, on the basis of the most common types of regulation and nominal frequency.
TABLE 7 : STANDARD VALUES OF THE FOURTH STATUS WORD (LOCATION L[39])
Regulation
RMS
AVG + no offset compensation + 64 samples

Bit
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15

Rated frequency:
50Hz
7997(2)
7984(2)

60Hz
24365(2)(3)
24352(2)(3)

TABLE 8 : BIT FUNCTION OF THE FOURTH STATUS WORD L[39] (ACTIVE CONFIGURATION)
Default
Function
Value
Active RMS Regulation
1
1
Bit activating a periodical variation of reference voltage
2
0
Bit activating automatic compensation of the offset in voltage acquisition channels
4
1
Voltage measurement by last 32 samples
8
1
Bit enabling reading of 50/60 Hz jumper hardware
16
1
Free for future use
32
1
Not used
64
0
Voltage remote control by RAM location L[49] or input saturation ( in case of overflow )(1)
128
0
Bit enabling reading of reference voltage by VOLT Trimmer
256
1
Bit enabling reading of stability parameter by STAB Trimmer
512
1
Bit enabling reading of underspeed protection threshold by Hz Trimmer
1024
1
Bit enabling reading of excitation current threshold by AMP Trimmer
2048
1
Bit enabling reading of external voltage input
4096
1
Bit enabling DAC
8192
0
60Hz Setting enabled (effective only if L[38]-Bit4 = P[10]-Bit4 = 0) (3)
16384
0
Reserved
32768
0

NOTE (1) starting from rev.15 of the Firmware.

NOTE (2) starting from rev. 18 of the firmware
NOTE (3) software configuration, with the 50/60 jumper disabled
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 14

IMPOSTAZIONE DEI PARAMETRI VOLT, STAB, AMP Hz.

1. Voltage
1.1 Setting voltage
The measurement of the true RMS value or of the average value depends on the value of the 0 bit of parameter 10, adjustable in Configuration in the Settings/Advanced menu of the DxR Terminal software as
well.
The voltage setting may take place through the trimmer or software; the sensing input range on CN1-6 and
CN1-7 is 70140 Vac; the sensing input range on CN1-4 and CN1-5 is 140280 Vac.
There are two ways to set the value from the minimum to the maximum:

1. Through the VOLT trimmer which must be enabled in the Settings/Potentiometers menu of the DxR Terminal software
2. Through parameter 19 (the Volt trimmer must be disabled from the Settings/Potentiometers menu: 0 value corresponds to the minimum voltage, 16382 corresponds to the intermediate value (respectively 105V and 210V), 32767
corresponds to the maximum voltage.

For standard voltage values refer to table 9.

Voltage CN1 4&5
173
200
208
220
230
240
266
277

TABLE 9 : STANDARD VOLTAGE VALUES

Voltage CN1 6&7
Volt Trimmer (Location 32)
7724
127
26683
100
14043
104
15916
110
18725
115
21065
120
23406
133
29491
138,5
32066

Parameter 19
7724
26683
14043
15916
18725
21065
23406
29491
32066

Voltage may also be varied through the Vext input (connector CN1-10 and 11) if it is enabled in the Pext/
Vext area of the Settings/Advanced menu, through a 10Kohm potentiometer with a programmable variation
range of up to 100% (parameter 16; the default setting is 14%, even if it is convenient do not exceed
more than 10%), or through a continuous voltage, which will be effective it is in the range between 0V
and +2,5V, or even through parameter P [15] or location L[49] (if the Vext input is disabled). For additional
details see the paragraph "Remote control of voltage".
1.2 Soft Start (starting from rev.15 of the Firmware)
In the event of fast start up of the prime mover or sudden regulator switching on, with generator running at
nominal speed, to guarantee the nominal voltage the excitation current should quickly change and therefore it could happen an engine braking effect or temporary generator overvoltage.
These effects may be minimized by adequately setting the ''Delay'' and ''Excitation limit'' parameters in the
''Soft-Start area of the Settings/Advanced menu corresponding to parameters P[8] and P[9]: during start
up, the above-mentioned settings determine a limit to the excitation current.
Parameter P[8] sets the duration of the excitation current limitation, namely the value of the parameter
corresponds to the number of periods in which the limitation is active. The default value is P[8]=0 which
corresponds to deactivation of the soft start. Considering that in most cases the alternator is already at
nominal speed, an estimate in terms of time (corresponding to the ''Delay'' setting in the Soft-start area) for
4 pole machines, may be deduced using the following formula:

tlim P[8]

1
30
P[8]
fn
n

Where fn = nominal frequency in Hz or n = nominal speed in R.P.M

The parameter P[9] sets the excitation current limit: the value P[9]=0 corresponds to zero excitation
current, while the maximum value P[9]=32767 corresponds to no limits on the current limitation. The
default value is P[9]=32767. When the interval of action of the soft start has been exceeded, the output
voltage moves to the value set. The rapidity of the change is set by parameter P[18] (see paragraph on
"Slow voltage variations)
The optimal value of ''Delay'' and ''Excitation limit'' (parameters P[8] and P[9]) depends a lot on
the alternator type and on the final application and it is determined by experimentation. An inappropriate setting may cause failure of the alternator to self-excite.
For example, for the ECO46 Series high power alternators, you can try the following settings:
Delay=1280ms (P[8]=64) and Excitation limit=50% (P[9]=16384); for ECP3 series low power alternators
you can experiment the effects of a reduction of both the duration and the current limit, for instance Delay=320ms (P[8]=16) and Excitation limit=3.72% (P[9]=4096)
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 15

1.2 Slow voltage variations

In the event of a reference rapid variation, due to a regulator sudden feeding, or remote voltage setting
(through Vext analogic input or through serial) a procedure of "slow" variation has been foreseen: in response to a step variation, parameter P[18] determines the rapidity with which the transition is made.
(see fig. 6)
A value of 1 involves the slowest possible variation; a value exceeding 100 involves an almost immediate
variation. The value 0 disables any variation.
21065

P19

16384

230V

Vo
P18 = 100 P18 = 20

P18 = 1

210V

fig. 6

2. Stability
2.1 Stability regulation
The voltage regulator is of the proportional-integral type, the diagram is shown in fig. 7.

KP
Ref.

Error

KI
s

Feedback

PIout

fig. 7: regulator diagram

The values of the proportional and integral gain (KP and KI respectively) depend on the position of the
STAB trimmer if enabled, or the value of parameter P[20] if the trimmer is disabled. The value of the proportional gain KP also depends on the value of the P[11] parameter. The value of the integral gain KI depends on the values of parameters P[12] and P[13] and, only for the standard DSR (grey box) with the
STAB trimmer enabled, even on the 50/60Hz(1) setting. In the other DSR versions, for example DSR/A
(blue box), the integral gain KI does not differ no matter how the 50/60Hz(4) setting is set.
The numeric elaborations carried out by the DSR for obtaining the proportional and integral gain values
are given in the block diagrams in figures 7a(2), 7b(2) and 7c .
Trimmer
STAB
Fcig50() o/or/ou/oder Fcig60()
L[33]

FcSTAB()

KI

L[54]

2P[12]

P[13]

L[53]

2P[11]

KP
fig. 7a: drawing of the numeric elaboration of the proportional and integral
gain by a DSR (standard) with the STAB trimmer enabled

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 16

If the STAB trimmer is enabled (STAB Flag Trimmer present) its angular position, available at location
L[33], is transformed by the FcSTAB(2) function into the numeric value available at location L[53](3) (figs. 7a
and 7b). If the STAB trimmer is disabled, the value of location L[53](3) directly becomes the value set using
the P[20] parameter (fig. 7c).
The proportional gain KP is obtained by multiplying the value of location L[53](3) by a coefficient that depends on the value given in parameter P[11](4).
Trimmer
STAB

L[54]
P[13]
L[33]

FcSTAB()

KI
2P[12]

L[53]

2P[11]

KP
fig. 7b: drawing of the numeric elaboration of the proportional and integral
gain by a DSR/A with the STAB trimmer enabled

The integral gain, available at location L[54](3) minus the multiplication by a coefficient, depends on the value of the proportional gain at location L[53](3); in the standard DSR (grey box) with the STAB trimmer
enabled (STAB Flag Trimmer present) the value of location L[53](3) at 50Hz is transformed by the function
Fcig50(2) and by the multiplication of the value of parameter P[13], in the numeric value available at location
L[54](3); at 60Hz the transformation function is Fcig60(2), different from that at 50Hz, (fig. 7a); in the other
versions of the DSR (fig. 7b), for example DSR/A (blue box), or if the STAB trimmer is disabled(4) (fig. 7c),
not only is there a difference between the integral value at 50Hz and at 60Hz, but even the value of location L[54](3) is obtained by simply multiplying the proportional gain at location L[53](3) by the value of parameter P[13].

L[54]
P[13]
P[20]

KI
2P[12]

L[53]

2P[11]

KP
fig. 7c: drawing of the numeric elaborations of proportional and integral gain by all
DSRs with STAB trimmer disabled

In both cases, the effective integral gain KI is obtained by multiplying the value of location L[54](3) by a coefficient that depends on the value given in parameter P[12](4).
The mentioned coefficients can take on values of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 according to the values written in
parameters P[11] (for proportional gain) and P[12] (for integral gain); these values represent the value assigned to base 2 (fixed) to obtain the required coefficient (e.g. parameter P[11] = 4 => multiplication coefficient of the proportional gain = 24 = 16, P[12] = 3 => multiplication coefficient of the integral gain = 23 = 8).
The following tables show, for every three-phase machine on 50Hz and 60Hz, the STAB trimmer calibration which allows increased speed of response to the transistor with the generator in stand-alone operation. In case of different applications (for example alternators reconnected in single-phase, in parallel
among them or in parallel with the grid, with motors having less than 4 cylinders and so on) it may be necessary to readjust the STAB trimmer calibration.
If the voltage cannot be stably adjusted for permanent operation and/or in the transient by the STAB trimmer settings, it may be necessary to vary one or more stability adjustment parameters: P[11], P[12] and P
[13] the description of which is given in table 3.
NOTE (1) Starting from Rev. 15 of the firmware
NOTE (2) The FcSTAB, Fcig50 and Fcig60 functions are not implemented in the DSRs with firmware up to version 14, and in the block
diagram they are considered as identities, i.e. L[53](3)=FcSTAB(L[33])=L[33] e Fcig60(L[53] ) = Fcig50(L[53])=L[53](3). With
these regulators the STAB trimmer needs to be rotated by less than two notches counted clockwise.
NOTE (3) Location available to the user from firmware Rev. 15.
NOTE (4) Structure valid also for DSRs with firmware up to version 14 but without location L[53] and L[54] availability

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 17

TABLE 10 ECO/ECP SERIES: ADVISED STAB TRIMMER SETTING ON DSR(1) Fw Rel. 15

Generator
115/200/230/400V 50Hz
138/240/277/480V 60Hz
Poles S [KVA] STAB
Old model
New model
L[33]
L[53] S [KVA] STAB L[33]
L[53]
ECP3-1S/2
/
2
8
5
12480
4753
9,6
4
8576
2245
/
ECP3-2S/2
2
10
5
12480
4753
12
4
10559
3403
/
ECP3-3S/2
2
12,5
5
12480
4753
15
4
10559
3403
/
ECP3-1L/2
2
16
5
14400
6328
19,2
5
12480
4753
/
ECP3-2L/2
2
19
5
14400
6328
22,4
5
12480
4753
/
ECP3-2L/2
2
20
24
ECP28-M/2
ECO28-1LN/2
2
22
6
18368
10296
26,4
ECP28-2L/2
ECO28-2LN/2
2
27
5
14400
6328
32,4
5
14400
6328
ECP28-3L/2
ECO28-3LN/2
2
31,5
5
12480
4753
37,8
ECP28-VL/2
ECO28-VL/2
2
40
7
22208
15051
48
6
16384
8192
ECO31-2SN/2 ECP32-2S/2
2
44
52,8
ECO31-3SN/2 ECP32-3S/2
2
55
66
ECP32-1L/2
ECO31-1LN/2
2
66
79,2
5
12480
4753
ECP32-2L/2
ECO31-2LN/2
2
82
98,4
/
ECP34-1S/2
2
100
120
/
ECP34-2S/2
2
125
150
/
ECP34-1L/2
2
156
187
/
ECP34-2L/2
2
170
208
ECP3-1S/4
ECO3-1SN/4
4
6,5
6
16384
8192
7,8
6
16384
8192
ECP3-2S/4
ECO3-2SN/4
4
8
5
14400
6328
9,6
4
10559
3403
4
11
13,2
ECP3-1L/4
ECO3-1LN/4
5
12480
4753
4
10559
3403
ECO3-2LN/4
4
13,5
6
16384
8192
16,2
5
14400
6328
ECP3-2L/4
18
5
14400
6328
ECO3-3LN/4
4
15
6(2) 18368(2) 10296(2)
ECP3-3L/4
ECO28-1VS/4 ECP28-1VS/4
4
7,8
5
12480
4753
9,3
4
8576
2244
ECO28-2VS/4 ECP28-2VS/4
4
11
4
8576
2244
13,2
4
8576
2244
ECO28-OS/4
4
13,5
5
14400
6328
16,2
5
12480
4753
ECP28-0S/4
ECO28-SN/4
4
17
6
16384
8192
20,4
5
14400
6328
ECP28-S/4
24
5
12480
4753
ECO28-1LN/4
4
20
ECP28-M/4
5
14400
6328
ECO28-2LN/4
4
25
7
20288
12561
30
5
12480
4753
ECP28-2L/4
16384
8192(3)
20288(3) 12561(3)
36
6(3)
ECO28-VL/4
4
30
7(3)
ECP28-VL/4
(3)
ECO32-2S/4
ECO32-3S/4
/
ECO32-1L/4
ECO32-2L/4
/
ECO32-3L/4
/
/
ECP34-1S/4
ECP34-2S/4
ECP34-1L/4
/
ECP34-2L/4
/
ECO38-1SN/4
ECO38-2SN/4
ECO38-3SN/4
ECO38-1LN/4
ECO38-2LN/4
ECO38-3LN/4
NOTE 1)
NOTE 2)
NOTE 3)

ECP32-2S/4
/
ECP32-3S/4
ECP32-1L/4
/
ECP32-2L/4
/
ECP32-3L/4
ECP32-4L/4
/
/
/
ECP34-1L/4
/
ECP34-3L/4
/
/
/
/
/
/

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

35
40
42,5
50
60
63
70
75
80
85
105
130
135
150
160
180
200
225
250
300
350

5
6
7
8
8
8
8
7
6
8

14400
16384
22208
24191
26176
26176
26176
22208
18368
26176

6328
8192
15051
17860
20908
20908
20908
15051
10296
20908

8
9
9
8
8
8
max

26176
28096
28096
26176
26176
24191
32704

20908
24090
24090
20908
20908
17860
32640

42
48
51
60
72
75,5
84
90
96
102
126
156
162
180
192
216
240
270
300
360
420

4
6
4
5
5
5
5
7
6
6

10559
16384
8576
14400
14400
14400
14400
20288
18368
18368

3403
8192
2244
6328
6328
6328
6328
12561
10296
10296

8
6
8
7
8
max
9

24191
18368
24191
22208
24191
32704
30077

17860
10296
17860
15051
17860
32640
27610

DSR: P[11] = 4, P[12] = 3, P[13] = 16384, with STAB trimmer enabled

For standard application; for special application: STAB=4 L[33]=8576 L[53]=2244;
For standard application; YY 230V/60Hz and singlephase 230V/50Hz: STAB=6 L[33]=16384 L[53]=8192
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 18

TABLE 11 NPE32/4: ADVISED STAB TRIMMER SETTING ON DSR(1) Fw Rel. 15

NPE32 1-PHASE(4)
Poles
Type

S [KVA]

230V / 50Hz
STAB
L[33]

L[53]

S [KVA]

240V / 60Hz
STAB
L[33]

L[53]

NPE 32-A/4
NPE 32-B/4

4
4

6,4
8,7

6
5

18368
14400

10296
6328

8,4
10,5

14400

6328

NPE 32-C/4
NPE 32-D/4

4
4

10,8
13,8

6
7

16384
20288

8192
12561

13
17

6
5

16384
14400

8192
6328

NPE 32-E/4
NPE 32-F/4

4
4

18,5
22,5

16384

8192

22
26,5

6
6

16384
16384

8192
8192

NPE32 3-PHASE
Poles
Type

115/200/230/400V 50Hz
S [KVA] STAB
L[33]
L[53]

S [KVA]

138/240/277/480V 60Hz
STAB
L[33]
L[53]

NPE 32-A/4

7,5

10559

3402

12480

4753

NPE 32-B/4

11,5

14400

6328

14

12480

4753

NPE 32-C/4

13

16

NPE 32-D/4

17

14400

6328

21

12480

4753

NPE 32-E/4

25

16384

8192

31

12480

4753

NPE 32-F/4

27,5

14400

6328

34

12480

4753

TABLE 12 ECO40-43-46: ADVISED STAB TRIMMER SETTING ON DSR(5) Fw Rel. 15

Generator

Nominal Frequency = 50Hz

Nominal Frequency = 60Hz

Old model

New model

Poles

S [KVA]

STAB

L[33]

L[53]

S [KVA]

STAB

L[33]

L[53]

ECO40-1S/4

400

28096

24090

480

20288

12561

ECO40-2S/4

450

26176

20910

540

24191

17860

ECO40-3S/4

500

28096

24090

600

26176

20908

ECO40-1L/4

550

28096

24090

660

26176

20908

ECO40-1.5L/4

620

28096

24090

744

ECO40-2L/4

680

30077

27610

816

20288

12561

ECO40-VL/4

720

28096

24090

864

22208

15051

ECO40-VL/4

750

900

ECO43-1SN/4

800

28096

24090

960

22208

15051

ECO43-2SN/4

930

28096

24090

1116

24191

17860

ECO43-1LN/4

1100

28096

24090

1320

26176

20908

ECO43-2LN/4

1300

30077

27610

1560

24191

17860

ECO43-VL/4

1400

1700

ECO46-1S/4

1500

24191

17860

1800

18368

10296

ECO46-1,5S/4

1650

28096

24090

1980

26176

20908

ECO46-2S/4

1800

26176

20908

2160

24191

17860

ECO46-1L/4

2100

max

32704

32640

2520

28096

24090

ECO46-1,5L/4

2300

28096

24090

2760

28096

24090

ECO46-2L/4

2500

30077

27610

3000

28096

24090

NOTE 1)
NOTE 2)
NOTE 3)
NOTE 4)
NOTE 5)

DSR: P[11] = 4, P[12] = 3, P[13] = 16384, with STAB trimmer enabled

For standard application; for special application: STAB=4 L[33]=8576 L[53]=2244;
For standard application; YY 230V/60Hz and singlephase 230V/50Hz: STAB=6 L[33]=16384 L[53]=8192;
Dedicated winding
DSR/A: P[11] = 5, P[12] = 1, P[13] = 26624, with Fcig60(L[53] ) = Fcig50(L[53]) = L[53]

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 19

3. Excitation Overcurrent
3.1 Description
The DSR regulator is equipped with an excitation winding temperature estimator (mainly rotor). An estimate of the temperature (in relative values) is available in real time (and it can be read) in location 45; in
the lower part of the main window of the DxR terminal software there is a graphic representation of location 45. The progress of the temperature is of the exponential type (see figure 8).
Through parameter 22 or the AMP trimmer, it is possible to define a limit (which involves intervention of
alarm 5) to the excitation voltage and therefore to the temperature.
The function of this alarm is not only to signal an excessive temperature, but it also has an active function
in reducing the cause. In fact, an adjustment ring takes control of the voltage generated when the threshold set is exceeded: This reduces the voltage to the point of reducing the excitation current by a value
compatible with the ability of thermal dissipation of the machine. The stability of the regulation in case of
overexcitation alarm, if necessary, may be adapted to the application by varying the value of parameter 28
(5)

For an increased protection of the electrical machine, starting from rev. 18 of the firmware, the excitation
overcurrent protection was extended to the whole speed interval (frequency) of the alternator, particularly
for the lower frequencies, to a preset threshold (56.7Hz with the jumper inserted between the 12 and 13
terminals of connector CN1, if enabled, or, otherwise, if the 50/60, 49Hz setting is enabled) the protection
intervenes with an effective threshold (relative to the one set through the AMP trimmer or parameter 22)
reduced proportionally to the frequency.
The extent of this reduction depends on parameter 29 which is by default set to an adequate value for the
standard alternators, used in three-phase in nominal voltage.
An increment of the value of P[29] determines a bigger reduction of the intervention threshold, based on
the frequency reduction, a decrease of the value of P[29] determines a smaller reduction of the intervention threshold.
Caution !
If the magnetic gain of the alternator is high, unstable events may occur when the protections intervenes, therefore it is necessary to adjust parameter 28 (usually by reducing its value).
When the alternator works with reduced load and speed, overheating, which is dangerous to the integrity of
the machine, might occur, if the overcurrent protection threshold is not sufficiently reduced when reducing
the frequency.

As you can see in figure 8, when the estimated temperature (represented by the continuous lines) reaches the threshold value, the reduction of the excitation current (and the subsequent drop of generated voltage) determine the stabilization of the temperature around a limit value.
Loction 45
30000
L45(alt1, I=In)

25000

L45(alt2, I=In)

20000

L45(alt2, I>In)
T45(alt1, I=In)

15000

T45(alt2, I=In)

10000

T45(alt2, I>In)
L[55]=12970

5000

fig. 8

(1) Nominal load and 90% of nominal frequency

(2) with load greater than the nominal one
(3) starting from rev.15 of the Firmware
(4) starting from rev.15 of the Firmware, L[35] for
the previous versions
(5) Starting from rev. 18 of the firmware only the
integral gain of the excitation overcurrent regulator can me modified.

L[55]=21617

0
0

10

15

20

25

time [sec]

Curve Description
L45 (alt1, I=In) : value read at location 45 with a certain alternator (1)
L45 (alt2, I=In) : value read at location 45 with a second alternator of a different type (1)
L45 (alt2, I>In) : value read at location 45 with the second alternator during overloading (2)
T45 (alt1, I=In) : value that would be read at location 45 with the first alternator, without protection (1)
T45 (alt2, I=In) : value that would be read at location 45 with the second alternator, without protection (1)
T45 (alt2, I>In) : value that would be read at location 45 with the second alternator during overloading,
without protection (2)
L[55]=12970 Represents the value of the current limit set using the AMP trimmer or the P[22] parameter
for the first alternator (3)
L[55]=21617 Represents the value of the current limit set using the AMP trimmer or the P[22] parameter
for the second alternator (3)
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 20

3.2 Calibration with a supervision unit

To calibrate the overload protection, when the machine is cold, perform the following procedure:
1) turn the AMP trimmer fully clockwise (if enabled from the Settings/Potentiometers menu) or
write 32676 in location 22
2) apply to the alternator an overload having cosphi = 0.8 or cosphi = 0 respectively equal to 125% or
110% of the nominal load
3) read the value displayed at location 45, 2 minutes after the overload application
4) if the AMP trimmer is enabled turn it anti-clockwise until the value read at location 55(4) becomes equal
to the value read at point 3 (location 45); the operation is simplified a lot by using the DxR terminal software which provides, in the lower part of the main window, a graphic representation of the time evolution of locations 45 (real excitation, red line) and 55 (excitation threshold - yellow line): the intervention threshold must be calibrated so that the yellow line should intersect the red line when, from the application of the load, the time specified at point 3 has passed.
5) if the AMP trimmer is not enabled, write the value read at point 3 (location 45) in location 22.
6) Alarm 5 should set off (visible both on the main panel of the DxR Terminal and through a change in the
LED flash) and the voltage should start to decrease.
7) If the load is removed, alarm 5 disappears after a few seconds and the generator voltage goes back to
the nominal value.
3.3 Calibration without a supervision unit
NB: this calibration can be performed only if the AMP trimmer was previously enabled.
To calibrate the overload protection, perform the following procedure:
1) turn the AMP trimmer fully clockwise
2) feed the alternator an overload having cos phi = 0.8 or cos phi = 0 respectively equal to 125% or 110%
of the nominal load
3) after two minutes slowly turn the AMP trimmer anti-clockwise until you get a reduction of the generator's
voltage value and the activation of alarm 5 (visible through a change in the LED flash)
4) Calibrate the AMP trimmer so as to get an output voltage value of 97% of the nominal value: alarm 5 is
still active.
5) If the load is removed, alarm 5 disappears after a few seconds and the generator voltage goes back to
the nominal value.
NOTES: If the machine is used in single phase or voltages different to the ones set by the producer, a recalibration of the overexcitation protection might be necessary.
If it is not possible to apply the prescribed overload, the overexcitation condition may be simulated
by adequately increasing the regulated voltage so as to get an excitation current equivalent to the
overload current.
4. Underspeed
4.1 Description
For speeds lower than a configurable threshold the machine voltage is no longer constant, but regulated
proportionally to the frequency with a rate which is also configurable as it can be seen in figure 9a and 9b.
The intervention threshold depends:
on the status of the 50/60 jumper (connector CN1 terminals 12 and 13), if enabled (ref. Settings/
UFLO&LAMS menu)
on the 50/60 setting status (ref. Settings/UFLO&LAMS menu)
on the position of the Hz trimmer if enabled (ref. Settings/Potentiometers menu)
on the value of parameter 21. (ref. Settings/UFLO&LAMS menu or Transmit/Receive area of the Settings/Advanced menu)
Activation of the function with voltage proportionate to the frequency is signalled by activation of alarm 6
(visible from the DxR Terminal control panel and due to a change in the flashing indicator light).
Parameter 21 (equivalent to the Hz trimmer) sets the Underspeed protection intervention threshold; if this
is set on 16384, the protection cuts in at 45 Hz (if the 50/60 jumper and 50/60 flag in the Settings/
UFLO&LAMS Menu are not present) or at 54 Hz (if the 50/60 jumper is enabled or the 50/60 flag is active
in the Settings/UFLO&LAMS Menu). Values between 0 and 16384 proportionately lower the threshold,
respectively to 40 Hz and 48 Hz; values between 16384 and 32767 proportionately raise the threshold,
respectively to 50 Hz and 60 Hz.
Once the underspeed protection has intervened, the frequency is proportionately reduced, as indicated in
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 21

figure 9a and 9b. Parameter 23 sets the slope of the voltage/frequency curve; the default value is 9000.
An increase in the value of P23 involves a greater reduction of the voltage as a function of the reduction in
frequency. A reduction of the value of P23 determines a smaller reduction of the voltage up to the limit
case of P[23]=0 which entails not getting any voltage reduction. The above-mentioned calibrations are simplified a lot by using the DxR terminal software which allows, in the Settings/UFLO&LAMS menu, through
a graphic interface, to change parameters 21 and 23 (with a concurrent disabling of the Hz trimmer) providing the preview of the V/f ratio in the setting phase.
WARNING: Overheating could occur, which is dangerous for the machine, if the voltage is not
lowered enough to decrease the frequency and the alternator is functioning at a reduced speed.
4.2 Calibration with a supervision unit
Use the following procedure in order to calibrate the underspeed protection:
1) if the machine must operate at 60 Hz, make sure you insert the jumper between terminals 12 and 13 of
the CN1 connector, if enabled, or enable the 50/60 setting (ref. Settings/UFLO&LAMS menu).
2) if the Hz trimmer is enabled, the protection intervention threshold value is read at location 34, otherwise
it is written directly at parameter 21.
The 16384 value written at parameter 21 (or read at location 34) corresponds to a 45/54 Hz intervention
(based on whether 50/60 is enabled or not).
Values ranging from 0 to 16384 correspond to an intervention varying from 40/80Hz to 45/54Hz.
Values ranging from 16384 to 32767 correspond to an intervention varying from 45/54Hz to 50/60Hz.
The operation is much facilitated by the use of the DxR terminal software which provides a graphic representation of the time evolution of the measured frequency (red line) and of the intervention threshold
(green line)
3) when the speed decreases under the threshold value the voltage of the generator starts to diminish and
alarm 6 is simultaneously visualized on the LED and on the main window of the DxR Terminal software
4) increasing the speed, the voltage of the generator should go back to normal and alarm 6 should disappear.
4.3 Calibration without a supervision unit
NOTE: this calibration can be performed only if the Hz trimmer and 50/60 jumper have been previously
enabled.
Use the following procedure in order to calibrate the under speed protection:
1) Rotate the Hz trimmer entirely in the counter clockwise direction.
2) If the machine has to operate at 60 Hz, ensure that the bridge is inserted between terminals 12 and 13
of the CN1 connector.
3) Bring the generator to 90% of the nominal speed.
4) Slowly turn the Hz trimmer, rotating it clockwise until the generator voltage begins to drop and
ascertain that the indicator light simultaneously begins flashing rapidly.
5) By increasing speed, the generator voltage will normalise and the alarm will disappear.
6) Set the speed to the nominal value.
V/V n o m
120,00%

V/V n o m
120,00%

100,00%

100,00%

80,00%

80,00%
60,00%

60,00%

40,00%

40,00%

20,00%

20,00%
0,00%
20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120% f/f n o m

P21=16384 @ P23=9000
P21=32767 @ P23=9000
P21=0 @ P23=9000
P26=0
P26=32767
P26=-32767

fig. 9a: Underspeed and Overspeed protection, P[21] e P[26]

0,00%
20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120% f/fn o m

P21=16384 @ P23=9000
P23=32767
P23=15000
P23=0

fig. 9b: Voltage slope in underspeed protection, P[23]

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 22

5. Overspeed
Parameter 26 sets the intervention threshold of the overspeed alarm; if it is set to 0, the warning occurs at
55Hz (if the 50/60 jumper and the 50/60 setting in the Settings/UFLO&LAMS menu are absent) or at
66Hz (if the 50/60 jumper is present and enabled or if the 50/60 setting is enabled in the Settings/
UFLO&LAMS menu). Values between 65535 (-1) and 32768 (-32767) lower the threshold proportionately
to 50 Hz and 60 Hz, respectively; values between 0 and 32767 raise the threshold proportionately,
respectively to 60 Hz and 72 Hz; refer to the broken lines in fig. 9a and 9b.
6. Other parameters
6.1 Vout / Vaux Ratio
In order to guarantee sufficient feeding voltage at speeds lower than the Hz protection intervention
threshold, a limit to the reduction of voltage has been foreseen, as a function of frequency.
The limit concerns regulated voltage (Vout). Should the DSR be powered through an auxiliary winding, it
must be born in mind that the voltage generated by the winding (Vaux) may not have the same Vout value;
Vaux is considered proportionate to Vout and the proportional coefficient is determined by parameter 14.
If the DSR is powered directly by the regulated phase, parameter 14 should be set on 0; in case it is
powered by auxiliary winding, the voltage (Vaux) must be measured, in no-load conditions and with output
voltage regulated on the nominal value (Vout); the value of parameter 14 can be obtained with the
following formula:

Vout
P[14] 32767
1
Vaux
6.2 V/F slope at start up
Parameter 24 sets the gradient of proper voltage / frequency at start up. After the underspeed alarm
frequency threshold has been exceeded (set by parameter P[21] or by the Hz trimmer), the work ramp is
used (parameter P[23]).
The default value is 12000; an increase in the value of P24 will cause a greater reduction of low frequency
voltage; a decrease in the value of P24 will cause a lower reduction in voltage, up to the limit of P[24]=0,
which means that no reduction in voltage will take place.
WARNING: If the voltage is not lowered enough with low frequency and the alternator is
operating in these points, overheating could develop that is dangerous for the machine.
6.3 Short circuit time
Parameter 25 defines the operating time with the alternator short circuited, which is expressed in tenths of
a second (from 0.1 seconds to 25.5 seconds); after this period of time the regulator goes to the blocked
status; a value of 0 disables the blockage.
6.4 Intervention threshold of low excitation alarm
Starting from rev. 18 of the firmware a warning (alarm A-08) was added in case of low excitation or loss of
excitation: if the measured value of excitation voltage does not fall within a preset value range, the anomalous operating condition is signaled (visible on the main panel of the DxR Terminal through the A-08 alarm
indicator); no other action is performed by the regulator, except for the switching of APO (if set).
The numeric value identifying in real time the excitation condition is available at location L[56]; the upper
detection threshold cannot be modified while the lower threshold can be configured through parameter
P[27].
The alarm is activated when the value assumed by location L[56] is higher than the upper threshold or lower than the value assumed by parameter P[27]
For the generators in stand-alone operations, the loss of excitation, on a working regulator, implies also
the activation of the low voltage alarm. The underexcitation / loss of excitation alarm is mainly intended for
the applications in grid-parallel mode, provided that the regulator stay fully operational (for instance with
sufficient residual voltage, direct supply from the phase or from PMG).
CAUTION! :In case of parallel operation of the generators and, most of all, in case of grid-parallel
mode, given that the activation of the
underexcitation/loss of excitation alarm does not imply any other action, except for the signalling
and switching of APO (if enabled), the protection of the system is transferred to at least an appropriate management of the above-mentioned signalling. However, no guarantee is offered for the
capacity of the exclusive use of this protection to safeguard the system from all the possible functional anomalies correlated to underexcitation / loss of excitation.
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 23

CONTROLLING OF REGULATOR ALARMS

1. Table of recapitulation
N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

TABLE 13 : ALLARMS LIST

Description of event
Action
Checksum EEprom
Reset default data - Blockage
Over voltage (@ N)
APO
Under voltage (@ N)
APO
Short circuit
APO, maximum current - Blockage
Excitation Overcurrent
APO, Reduction of excitation current
Underspeed
APO, V/F Ramp
Overspeed
APO
APO
Underexcitation /loss of excitation

The status of active alarms is stored at location 38, which can be read with the USB connection.
The index of bits that have a value of 1 corresponds to the active alarm. If the regulator is correctly working
(no alarm active) the bit 11 will be high.
TABLE 14 : ALLARMS FLAG AT LOCATION 38
Location 38 (third STATUS box)
B15

B14

32768 16384
J50/60

B13

B12

8192

4096

B11

B10

B8

B7

B6

B5

B4

B3

B2

B1

B0

2048 1024 512 256

128

64

32

16

A12 A11 A10 A9

A8

A7

A6

A5

A4

A3

A2

A1

Reserved Reserved OK

B9

- Underexcitation Overspeed Underspeed OverExcitation Cto.Cto. Undervoltage Overvoltage Check sum

Example:
Location 38 = 48 = 00000000001100002 : it means that Bits B5 and B4 are at 1, therefore alarms A6 and A5
are active
2. Alarm signals with the indicator lights
During normal operation (OK diagram in fig. 10) a LED indicator mounted on the card flashes with a period
of 2 sec and duty cycle of 50%; in case of intervention or signalling of some of the alarms, there are different
flash modalities as specified in fig. 10.
LED
OK

LED OFF

LED ON

LED ON

CHECKSUM

SHORT CIRCUIT

AMP

Hz or O.S.

AMP and (Hz or O.S.)

fig. 10

STOP
Allarm intervention

t [sec]

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 24

2. Description of alarms
N.

Description of event

Action

EEPROM checksum

Over Voltage

Verified upon start up (after DSP reset and initialisation of the peripheral).
The actions undertaken are: signalling, locating of default settings, saving
in EPPROM and regulator blockage.
When the machine is switched on again, if the EEPROM is damaged, the
alarm will be repeated. Otherwise the regulator will begin to function with
default parameters.
The alarm does not determine a change in the LED flash, the APO output
is active and the alarm is memorised. This can be caused by abnormal
operating conditions (such as overspeed or overlaoding) or by a
breakdown of the regulator. The over voltage alarm is activated if the
output voltage is lost. The over voltage is calculated using an opportune
template, as a function of the speed and is inhibited during transition, for 2
seconds. In the template for the calculation the threshold is set at 5%
above the nominal value.

Under voltage (@ N)

Short circuit

Excitation Overcurrent

Underspeed

Overspeed

underexcitation /loss of
excitation

The alarm does not determine a change in the LED flash, is stored and
the APO output is active. The under voltage is calculated using an
opportune template as a function of the speed (which can be seen in the
description of the over voltage alarm); in the template for the calculation
the threshold is set at under 5% the nominal value. It intervenes only
above the underspeed alarm threshold; it is practically inhibited by this. It
is also inhibited in the event of intervention of the Excitation over voltage
and during transients.
The alarm is disabled under 20 Hz, is visualised upon activation of the
action and memorised. Tolerated short circuit time goes from 0,1 to 25,5
seconds (programmable in 100 ms steps); then the regulator is blocked
after saving DD and TT and signals the STOP status. With the time in
short circuit set on zero, the blockage is disabled. The STOP condition
causes a fall in excitation, with consequent switching off and successive
restarting of the regulator and therefore repetition of the cycle.
The function of this alarm is not only to signal an excessive temperature,
but it also has an active function in reducing the cause. In fact, an
adjustment ring takes control of the voltage generated when the threshold
set is exceeded the action involves reduction of the excitation current and
therefore output voltage. The available parameter is the threshold, which
determines the value of equilibrium at which the system is stabilised. The
alarm is signalled and stored. For calibration see the paragraph on
excitation overcurrent.
Signalling (immediate) and activation of the V/F ramp. This alarm also
appears when the machine is started and stopped. The alarm is not saved
among EEPROM data. The alarm intervention threshold depends upon
the status of the 50/60 jumper (hardware or software) and on the position
of the Hz trimmer or the value of parameter 21. Under the threshold the V/
F ramp is active.
This is visualised in the same manner as the underspeed alarm and does
not involve actions on control, but the alarm is stored. The overspeed
condition may provoke an over voltage as in the case of capacitive load.
The threshold can be set with parameter 26.
The alarm does not determine a change in the LED flash, enables APO
output and is memorized. The alarm condition is recognized by a
underexcitation / loss of excitation observer, available for reading at
location L[56]: if the value of L[56] is higher than the upper (fixed)
threshold or lower than the value of the lower threshold (parameter P[27]),
A-08 is activated. The alarm is inhibited during transients.

NOTE: Though the voltage is continuously regulated, the DSR will switch off if the frequency goes under
20Hz. To reset the system it is necessary to stop completely the alternator.
Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 25

4. APO Output
The APO output status ((Transistor open collector Active Protection Output - connector CN1 terminals 14
and 15)
depends on:
- whether some alarms are activated or not
- setting of parameter P[17]
- setting of the ''APO Invert'' flag (2)
In normal operating conditions it is closed (2) (3). It opens (2) (with a configurable delay from 0 to 15 seconds)
when, of all the alarms, one or several separately selectable alarms are active and the ''APO Invert'' flag (2)
is active or, immediately, in case of absence of power supply to the regulator; if the ''APO Invert'' flag (2) is
inactive (or for firmware revisions lower than 18) the APO output is inverted (open in normal operating conditions or with regulator switched off, closed, with a configurable delay, in case of one or several active selected alarms).
The selection of which alarms trigger the activation of A.P.O. depends on the value written at location 17.
The transistor is closed (2) (3) both when no alarm is active and when, even if the alarm is active, the corresponding enabling bit is set to 0.
The value to set at location 17 is made up of 2 parts: one part allows selection of the alarms which activate
the contact, the other one allows setting the intervention delay. To calculate the value to set at location 17
use the following procedure:
a) In relation to table 15. Add up the decimal numbers corresponding to the alarms for which you want APO
to be activated obtaining number B. (Example: if you want APO to be activated for overvoltage and overspeed, you get B = 2 +64 = 66)
b) Multiply the delay you want (integer values from 0 to 15 seconds) by the fixed value 4096. You get number A = (0..15) * 4096. (Example: if you want a 5 seconds delay, you get A = 5 * 4096 = 20480)
The sum A + B must be written at location 17 (In the preceding example 20480 + 66 = 20546)
The configuration is simplified a lot by the use of the DxR terminal software which has the APO settings
menu dedicated to this purpose.
A12
2048

A11
1024

A10
512

A9
256

TABLE 15 : ALLARMS SETTING THAT ACT ON THE APO

A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
Underexcitation Overspeed
Underspeed Over Excitation
Cto.Cto.
64
32
16
8
128

A3
Under voltage
4

A2
Over voltage
2

5. DSR operation time (1)

If the regulator is working correctly (no alarm) A12 will be active and the bit 11 will be High at location 38.
When we see one alarm, the A12 is deactivated, bit 11 is reset at location 38 and operation time is stored.
The total operation time of the regulator is obtained, after the download of the alarms, by adding all the
times TT (last column of the file .alr).
For this procedure please refer to the ''DownLoad Alarm'' function of the Upload/Download Menu of DxR
Terminal Software, see Technical guide Interface communication USB2DxR.
NOTE (1): starting from rev.11 of the Firmware
NOTE (2): Starting from rev. 18 of the firmware
NOTE (3): Open for firmware revisions lower than 18

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 26

APPENDIX : DSR SET UP ON A TEST BENCH

The operations of functional checkout and parameter setting may turn out to be easier if they are performed
on a test bench rather than with the regulator connected to the alternator.
The connection diagrams of the DSR and the USB2DxR communication interface are shown in figures 11a,
11b or 11c based on the requested function and on the available supply voltage.
Given that some parts of the DSR which work at high voltage are not isolated, for the safety of the
operator, it is necessary for the power source to be isolated from the electrical grid, for instance by
a transformer.
The use of these types of connection is reserved to qualified personnel, able to assess the operational risks of high voltage and who have a full knowledge of the content of this manual.

Fig. 11a: DSR 48Vdc power supply (please note that no other connections, other than the power source, are necessary) for the download of the alarms without risking to modify the content of the EEPROM because of the test.

Fig. 11b: DSR 70-140Vac power supply ( Please note the sensing on terminal 7 and the jumper between terminals 6
and 3 of the DSR) for test and setup

Fig. 11c: DSR 140-270Vac power supply ( Please note the sensing on terminal 5 and the jumper between terminals 4
and 3 of the DSR) for test and setup

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 27

TECHNICAL REFERENCE GUIDES

Title
Communication interface USB2DxR
Digital Regulators MODBUS communication protocol
Parallel operation

Link
http://www.meccalte.com/send_file.php?fileid=Usb2DxR.pdf
http://www.meccalte.com/send_file.php?fileid=MODBUS
http://www.meccalte.com/send_file.php?fileid=PARALLEL

REVISION HISTORY
Revision

Date

Description

rev.00
rev.01
rev.02
rev.03
rev.04
rev.05
rev.06

06/07
05/08
10/08
06/10
10/12
03/13
05/15

Initial Release
Firmware update Rev. 7
Firmware update Rev. 9, added Appendix A and Appendix B
Firmware update Rev. 11, DSR/A
Firmware update Rev. 15, added tables of STAB setting
Added explanation of the file .alr and EMI filter SDR128/K connection diagram
Firmware update Rev. 18, elimination of :DI1, DSR Terminal software and DSR
Reader, DSR Set up on a test bench update

rev.07

07/15

Corrections at page 12

Instruction Manual DSR digital regulator - rev. 07 - pag. 28

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