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    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization - Physics@TutorVista

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    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization - Physics@TutorVista

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    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization

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    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization _ Physics@TutorVista

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    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    103 views4 pages

    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization - Physics@TutorVista

    Uploaded by

    Oyedotun Tunde
    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    10/1/15

    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization | Physics@TutorVista.com

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    LatentHeat
    LatentHeatDefinition
    LatentHeatFormula
    LatentHeatof
    Vaporization
    LatentHeatof
    Condensation
    LatentHeatofFreezing
    LatentHeatofFusion
    LatentHeatofMelting

    Physics Heat LatentHeat

    LatentHeat

    Whenweboilwatertoevaporateitthenwhatweobserve.Weobservethatwhenwe

    LatentHeatofSublimation

    boilwatertoevaporateitat100C,thenallthegivenheatisabsorbedbytheliquid.

    LatentHeatFlux

    This absorbed heat is called latent heat of vaporization and taken by vapour

    LatentHeatvsSensible
    Heat
    LatentHeatsof
    Substances

    molecules. Similarly, when we melt ice then it is converted into water because ice
    moleculesabsorbthisheat.Thisiscalledlatentheatoffusion.
    Thus,wecansaythattheamountofabsorbedorreleasedheatiscalled latent heat.
    Thisheatisreleasedorabsorbedduringphysicalchange.Itisnamedaccordingtothe
    process of physical change. It is expressed as per mole amount of released or

    RelatedConcepts
    definelatentheat
    LatentHeatAnimation
    ChangeofStateandSpecific
    LatentHeatAnimation

    LMUCaptivePortal
    Username

    absorbed heat taken by substance. It can be done with change in temperature or


    without change in temperature or phase change process. Lets discuss the detail
    descriptionoflatentheatanditsdifferenttypesduringdifferentstages.

    LatentHeatDefinition

    BacktoTop

    When energy is transferred to a substance, usually, temperature of the substance


    ConsequencesofLatentHeatof
    FusionIceAnimation

    increases. If the substance is at higher temperature then the surroundings,

    LatentHyperopia

    substance to the surroundings. From this we can conclude that a substance

    HeatAnimation

    temperature of the substance decreases, as heat is transferred from the system or


    undergoes change in temperature whenever flow of energy transfer between system
    anditssurroundingstakesplace.

    HeatEngines

    But there are scenarios during which energy transfer between system and its
    HeatLoss

    surroundingsdoesnotresultinthechangeintemperatureofthesystem.Thisoccurs
    whenever system changes from one of its phase to the another or we can say that
    when the transfer of energy results in the change in the physical properties of the

    RelatedFormulas

    system. This change is termed as Phase Change or Phase Transition. Two main
    Phasetransitionsare,

    LatentHeatofVaporization
    Equation
    EquationforHeat

    1. SolidtoLiquid
    2. LiquidtoGas

    EquationforHeatofFusion

    Other phase transition is when change takes place in the crystalline structure of the

    EquationforHeatTransfer

    changeintheinternalenergyofthesystemtakesplace.

    solid.WhenphaseTransitionoccurstemperatureofthesystemdoesnotchangebut

    Attheboilingpointofthewaterwhenheatistransferredtothewateritresultsinthe

    RelatedCalculators

    breakingofmolecularbondsinwater.Asaresult,themoleculesbecomeapartastheir
    potentialandkineticenergiesgetincreasedandwatergetsconvertedtothegaseous

    HeatCalculator
    HeatCapacityCalculator
    HeatTransferCalculator

    state.Everysubstancehasdifferentmolecularandatomicstructure.So,forthephase
    transition to occur every substance requires different amount of energy depending on
    their internal structure. It also depends on the mass of substance involved for the
    phase transition. The substance of a particular type with larger quantity and mass

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    HowtoCalculateSpecificHeat

    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization | Physics@TutorVista.com


    requiresmoreheatforphasetransitionascomparedtotheother.Ittakeslessenergy
    toboilwaterincookingpanthantoboilalake.
    If a Q amount of energy needs to be transferred for phase change of a substance
    havingmassm,theratiosymbolizesanimportantpropertyofthatsubstance.Asthe
    energyaddedorremovedisnotresultinginthechangeoftemperature,thequantityL
    is termed as the latent heat. It can also be termed as the hidden heat of the
    substance.
    Latentheatforasubstancedependsmainlyontwofactors:

    1. PhasechangeNature
    2. Properties(atomic,molecularstructureofthesubstance)

    LatentHeatFormula

    BacktoTop

    Fromthedefinition,itisclearthattheamountofheatrequiredforaphasetransitionis
    latentheat.Themathematicalrepresentationofthegivenstatementis,
    Q = mL

    L=

    Q
    m

    Where,
    L=Latentheatofthesubstance
    Q=AmountofenergytransferredforthePhasechange
    m=Massofthesubstance

    LatentHeatofVaporization

    BacktoTop

    Latent heat of Vaporization is the Latent heat (explained above) when phase of the
    substance changes from Liquid to gaseous state. Latent heat of vaporization is
    denotedbyLV.

    LatentHeatofCondensation

    BacktoTop

    LatentHeatofCondensationisdefinedasthequantityofheatneedstobetransferred
    to convert a unit mass of a substance in gaseous phase into liquid phase at its
    condensationpointatoneatmospherepressure.

    L=

    Q
    m

    KCal/Kg

    LatentHeatofFreezing

    BacktoTop

    Latent Heat of Freezing is defined as the quantity of heat needs to be transferred to


    convert a unit mass of a substance in liquid phase into solid phase at its freezing
    point,atoneatmospherepressure.
    L=

    Q
    m

    KCalorie/Kg

    LatentHeatofFusion

    BacktoTop

    LatentHeatofFusionisthelatentheat(explainedabove)whenphaseofthe
    substancechangesfromSolidtoLiquidphase.LatentheatofFusionisdenotedbyLF.
    Alsofusemeansmelting.
    ForaparticularsubstanceLatentheatofVaporizationisgenerally
    greaterthanitsLatentheatofFusion.

    LatentHeatofMelting

    physics.tutorvista.com/heat/latent-heat.html

    BacktoTop

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    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization | Physics@TutorVista.com


    Latent Heat of Melting is defined as the quantity of heat needs to be transferred to
    convertaunitmassofasubstanceinsolidphaseintoliquidphaseatitsmeltingpoint,
    atoneAtmospherepressure.Itcanbeexpressedas,
    L=

    Q
    m

    Calorie/gmorKCalorie/Kg

    LatentHeatofSublimation

    BacktoTop

    LatentHeatofSublimationisdefinedasthequantityofheatneedstobetransferredto
    convertaunitmassofasubstanceinsolidphaseintogasphasewithoutpassingthe
    substancethroughtheintermediatestateofLiquid,anddirectlytothegaseousphase
    atitssublimationpointandatoneatmospherepressure.

    LatentHeatFlux

    BacktoTop

    LatentHeatFluxisdenotedbyQewhenwaterevaporates,itremovessignificant
    amountsofheat.Theenergythatisaddedtobreakthehydrogenbondstoallow
    evaporationisremovedbythewatervapor.ItcanbecalculatedwiththehelpofBulk
    Formula,

    Qe

    = a LE C L U10 (qa

    qs )

    Where,
    a

    =DensityOfair(1.2kg/m3)

    LE

    =LatentHeatofvaporization(2260kJ/kg)

    CL

    =Bulktransfercoefficient(StantonNumber)

    U10

    =Windspeedat10m

    qa

    =specificHumidityatsaturation

    qs

    =specificHumidityofoverlyingair

    LatentHeatvsSensibleHeat

    BacktoTop

    LatentHeatistheheatwhichisrequiredtochangethephaseof
    substancefromonestatetoother.Andintheotherhand,
    SensibleHeatistheheatwhichisaddedortheheatwhichis
    removedanditistheheatwhichchangesthetemperature.

    SensibleHeat

    Whenenergyorheatistransferredtothesubstance,itresultsinincreaseinits
    temperature.Theincreaseintheheatofthesubstanceiscalledsensibleheat.
    Similarly,whenheatistransferredfromthesubstancetoitssurroundings,heatis
    removedfromthesubstanceandresultsindecreaseinthetemperatureofthesystem.
    Theheatremovedfromthesubstanceisalsosensibleheat.Heat,becauseofwhich
    changeintemperatureofthesubstancetakesplace,iscalledsensibleheat.
    LatentHeat

    IncontrasttoSensibleHeat,Latentheatdoesnotchangethetemperatureofthe
    systembutitresultsintransitionofthephaseofthesubstancefromonephaseinto
    other.

    LatentHeatsofSubstances

    BacktoTop

    LatentHeatofWater,LatentHeatofIceandLatentHeatofSteamaregiveninthe
    tablesbelow.LatentHeatofFusionandLatentHeatofVaporizationfordifferent
    substancesaregiveninthebelowtables.
    Table1:

    Substance

    Melting

    LatentHeatOf

    Boiling

    LatentheatOf

    Point(C)

    Fusion(J/kg)

    Point(C)

    Vaporization(J\kg)

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    Latent Heat, Latent Heat of Vaporization | Physics@TutorVista.com


    Helium

    269.65

    5.23103

    268.93

    2.09104

    Nitrogen

    209.97

    2.5510

    195.81

    2.01105

    Oxygen

    218.79

    1.38104

    182.97

    2.13105

    114

    1.04105

    78

    8.54105

    0.00

    3.33105

    100.00

    2.26106

    119

    3.8110

    444.60

    3.26105

    327.3

    2.4510

    1750

    8.70105

    660

    3.97105

    2450

    1.14107

    Silver

    960.80

    8.8210

    2193

    2.33106

    Gold

    1063.00

    6.4410

    2660

    1.58106

    1083

    1.34105

    1187

    5.06106

    Ethyl
    Alcohol
    Water
    Sulphur
    Lead
    Aluminum

    Copper

    Table2:

    Substance

    LatentHeatof MeltingPoint

    LatentheatOf
    Vaporization(J\kg)

    Boiling Point (C)

    Fusion(kJ/kg)

    (C)

    Alcohol,Ethyl

    108

    114

    855

    78.3

    Ammonia

    339

    75

    1369

    33.34

    Carbondioxide

    184

    78

    574

    57

    21

    268.93
    253

    Helium
    Hydrogen(2)

    58

    259

    455

    Lead[6]

    24.5

    327.5

    871

    1750

    Nitrogen

    25.7

    210

    200

    196

    Oxygen

    13.9

    219

    213

    183

    R134a

    101

    215.9

    26.6

    Toluene

    93

    351

    110.6

    Turpentine
    Water

    293
    334

    2260

    SpecificHeat

    100

    HeatTransfer

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